, .

FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE L I AUTOMOBILE

COMMISSION HISTORIQUE INTERNATIONALE

Réunion du Mardi 6 Octobre 1987 à 9.30, à

Question 4

LISTE DES RECORDS: APPROBATION DEFINITIVE DU PROJET DU

COMTE SEHERR-THOSS

"-\. . ,

IV

C • n ten t s

HISTORY of AUTOMOBILE HISTORY of the INTERNATIONAL W 0 R L D RECORDS C LAS S RECORDS

The Courses Otto Cla.ss.K 53 cycle The Regulations J 55 Lists of the first I 58 World Records li 61f- The Distances . 7- G 70 Records with flying a F 1If• start TB The Land Re• 9 E for Automobiles D 82 10 km flying start 19 C 86 (_ 10 miles flying start 2.0 B 91 Standing Kilometre 26 Diesel Flying start 95 10 km standing start 21- absolute Standing Kilometre 96 Standing Mile 28 The Hour, 24 Hours 9"1- Standing Quartermile 30 10000 Kilometres 98 100 Kilometres 31 Class D 99 The Hour E ~03 24 Hours F ,fo6 5000 Kilometres 48 Hours 72 Hours 10000 Kilom.etres 25000 Kilometres '- 50000 Kilometres 100000 Kilometres 100000.Miles World track records Literatu=e about Records £;0 F'ED:ERATION IN~l:E.hlfÀJ:IONALE DE L' AUT01iOBILE

INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL COhThlISSION ***********************************

Meeting on March 20 and 21, 1986 ------~------in EPSOM (GB) -----

History of Automobile World Records ======

With the WISE data bank in sight the computing of automobile records is of considerable interesto The CHI Bureau contacted the FISA/Record Com• mission and offered the files about the develop• ment of the autoflobile records from their begin• ning up to the present timeo The Record Commis• sion agreedo The CHI carry out their offer with this paper dealing with the history of the clas• sic world records.

The courses

The automobile records began at the end of 1898 with the abso• lute land on the first measured kilo:netre in Achères near Paris, built a~d carried out by the ACF. This activity faced considerable interest in the public and de- l- veloped to an import&~t branch as test and bench for the advanced autoIJobile we know today. After some other places in FTance and , bad been built by Hugh F. ~ocke-King (t 1926) and opened in 1907. This test bench for the British motor-manufacturers gave the idea of enlarging the numb e.rof records dur-Lngthese test r1.L.YJ.s'l'h.etrack made it possible to travel at high speed over any distance J ,oecauoe OI~lL;-, S tv/a 'naruc1 a.- ng s on ,::n- 5 rad-lUS.1),,c.esl. gned' Dy Co.1 R.CoL. Holden (one lap = 2 miles 1350 yards or 4452 metres). The record business -b6e;anLmrned Lat eLy with a classic record the 24 hours by S ..F. Edge, 'who was the first to use the detachable Rudge wheel30 The last records in Brooklan~s had been driven in 1939.

1) 465 and 304 metres - 2 - The second important autodrome was Linas-Montlhéry, built by Alexandre Lamblin. The first records were attempted in 1924 over 24 hour-s by Gros and Martin on a Bignan. The banked track (2548 metres) with a radius of 265 m allowed lap of 250 km/ho Montlhéry developed as the most successful record track ever. The last record attempts occured here in 1973. The Avus in , opened 1921, was a fast course of 19 573 m per lap'otwo turns with with a radius of 143 m (north) and banked under 12 • Owing to these conditions only very few record at• tempts had been carried out. Lap speed 260 km/h. No further record attempts after 1935. The test bench for is Monza track, built in 1922 by Arturo Mercanti (1875-1936), Sen. Silvio Crespi (1868-1944)0 . and Pietro Puricelli (1883-1951). The banked track under 21 (4500 m) had radii of 324 and 318 m and a lap speed of 220 km/ho In theonew shape of 1955 (4 250 m) the banked track was under 38 with the radii of 318 and 324 m to al~ow a lap speed of over 280 km/ho This track is still there. ) The circle of Nardo nr. Brindisi/I since 1976 measures . 12 640.26 m with a.radius of 2 km, max. lap speed is 410 km/ho Miramas nr. Marseille, opened 1924, became famous with extra long distance records. One lap is 5014.822 m with a radius of approxo 959 m. Indianap~, USA, built in 1909 with a length of 2.5 miles = 4023035 m, two corners, slightly banked, giving a lap speed of 230 km/ho Used for American stock- and some long-dura- tion international records.Four straights of 0.62 miles and 183 yd After the beaches in between 1905 and 1935 came the records on the flats near Salt Lake City/iendover, , cal- led Bonneville after the militar~ engineer and explorer Capto Benjamin L.E. Bonneville (t 1878). One lap of the three cir- cuits in 1936-39 was 10 to 12 ¥2 miles with a radius of 1,6 to 2 miles, inaugurated by Salt lake City's Mayor David Abbot Jenkins in 1932. The straight for short distance records is 13 miles. International NASCAR Daytona Beach S~eedway, since 1959~ One lap is 3976.22 m with three bends, banked under 2 x 31 and 18., max. straight is 1200 metres. Adapted for duration re• cords, maxo lap speed is 290 km/ho

1) The 10 km road circuit has an Rmax = 320 m (curva grande), an R. = 100 m and a width of 10-12 metreso This combined nn,n circuit allowed a speed of 200 km/ho 3

TO

."r""N(ï! fIOQ 'l'lCT.HOIIS.

1000UNC£ fOil "f"II£IIS (I'oor)

____ TO WEveRlOGe. ~.S.W.R, MAIN I.INI . TO BASINIDSTOKi.- \...... BROOKLANDS TRACK 1907-39 I

Linas-Montlhéry 1924

I. L Monza 1955

~~ART ...... N~.s.H •

• Bonneville Salt Fla~s 1936-: The ~gulations The RAC and the BARC introduced the first record regulations which had been drawn up by Major Fo Lindsay Lloyd (t 1940) as Brooklands Clerk of the Courseo The AIACR agreed and set up in . 1911 the running in two directions in the case of flying start, The timing apparatus had to keep 1/100 of a second for short· distances, 1/5 sec. for the longer ranges. These instruments must be approved nationally and by the AIACR internationally. 'The condition was to tape 1/100 o~ a second connected with a writing instru• ment to record the results and an automatic release which touched the front wheels whilst the vehicle passed the finishing line.

The first timekeeping apparatus recognized by the AIACRwas •

1910 apparatus by Col. H.C.L.,Holden, Brooklands 1925 apparatus by L. Leroy & Cie Paris (Brillié/Leroy) 1927 apparatus by the stewart Warner Instrument Compo USA (Charles H. Warner) for 1928 apparatus by F.Lo Loebner, Berlin W 9.

1928 Brillie/Leroy developed an apparatus with 'a beam of light which registered automatically 3 to 4 passages per second. 1/1000 of a second were also registered in high speed record attempts in the early stages.

The official timekeepers in the different countries had to be recognized by the AIACR like the apparatus.

The member clubs had to giV~~etailed report of the record attempts to the AIACRo ':=, ...

WORLD'S RECORDS. the following is a complete list of World's Records, all of which have been established at 8rooklands :-

Holder. Dti"t'Cf. )I.,A,C. )l.atin, Time iD Speed, Da... and type. 0£1:S, ....p.b,

V, H....cry Half·mile (erinl start)' ICullu!!) and Ni •• n'ja,. .. ,1 ~:' s..", (4oql.) I.'<>76 l'7"ln ,th N.,.. '0 '9<'9, Half·mil<:('lAndln' .tul) ICul'u .. and !'iinn· >.<. V,H<", .., ,.. ~ S,s..n. " .~'~O(i 7'>'406 One kilo ...... (lly"', .tu,) I Cullum ""d !'i,ycn· .,. V, H.m.ry '''I ~'S Bene 17'~t "S'947 One ltil_'CN( .. "ndl1ll.t.arr~ Cullum."d l"'",n.Jack v, H.may ... a." Bene 3' ')>6 7"409 One mik (erin, 'Lart) ,." Cullu., .nd NI.on'JloCk , V, H,mcry .., a.'1 BenI ),'OS5 115'9') 0... aile (.l&tId"" .tarI) ... Cullum and Ni ve n- JOIoCk ,V, Hcmay ~'S fk= ..t',6r8 1]")3 , , h. aun. lite. '.50 ... 1ca ,., J, C, Chr"""on. ... ' J. C, Chrütiacn, '" 4~'0 Elcel,i ... (xyl) _ 0 "9 "'OS 'st~ Hoy" 19". ·'00 1IIi~ ... , W. M. L ... ; L. Cao(.;ll.n ..' : L, C""(.;ll.n And T, H, Riclarcl< I )0', Sun~.. 9 t6 :H en 75'46 'Il00 mil.. ...I L, Coa,.lcn ,.. ,.. ; L. Cca",ltn .nd T, H, Rich.>,ds i )0'1 Sunbea..... I'O:H "9'" 75'65 ·900 mil.. ,..j L, C().;1ul.n .., II>, RC'u "",d K, F, L, Lro"'''&11I'S'9 Sunbuom (4<)'1.) ~11 S' J"~ 75"83 ',,,,,,,,mil.. .." L, C""ul.n .., .., I), Rnta .nd R f, L, Cr=,>, '5'9S"n~ ''_ _ 't3___!__".s:!__)'6'~"""7_-O"""~_"7"c.- • Tb~ Rf:COfd~ b.a'f'C no~ been ~a(e.-;- Th; Ll{;st 6G,urn .... blCb ~.. a.H acc~punc~ as wOrld's Record" by th-e lotern,,;uion.a.l Fe-dn-ation œ Automobile Cubl., &..leu rolloW'S :• SOmiles (.taDdiD, .urt) ••• 1 H. Boissy ... J. Goux ... )0'0 P.ugeot (4<)'1.) ",1 0 28 ,S'65 10S'97 ntb April,'9'3' 100 m.il~ tt ... ; H. Boi~sy J, G"ux ... : :JO'o P.ug.or (o'c)'I,) "'1 0 56 '9'9) .06"10 mila ...' H. DOI".Y ,.. , JO'o P'''~ nt Ocr""'11'3- ~miles . IL. C().;1....I.n . Ch...l~lne ~n,d D. Resl.;& ,.,12)'! Sunt.c..m (6-<)"1.) ,. 7 45'46 9~'S7 40<> miles ... L. C~ul'Q , Cl-.»'"in. a.nd D, R.,,,. ..,; '3'S Sunbca ... (6<)'1.) ._ 12 '5'08 9~"4 500 miles .. L. Ccaul.n J. Ct>... ~~n., 1.>, Res .... and: .)'8 5Wlbcam (6-cyI.) ,.. ,6 +O'OJ 1 K. ~ Guinoc:u ~',. 6oomil .. ... l... eoa ....I v. Hcmtry ", S9·6l...orn..ln~.D,e01ch~4<)'1.) t8q 1.747 ~'99 ·Thrtt boun \Ii, \1. un. \', H .m",,' .., ... S9'6 Lornmc·DICmch(,'C)"I.) ,a. &17 ~'S, )1. • Fouz hoW's W, Utt> \', H.m.,.)' '.' YI'6 Lo1. Le", \', Hom.rv '" .., ... ..' YI'6I..>mUne.Diunbc=n (6-eyl.) I' 5 568 71'05 'Eiltbl houn ,., L. Caoul.n L, Cao(.;llrn and I'. H, Rlclurd, JO" Sunbc.am .. 6c:n 971 7S':,~ ·:"iine bours L. Coaul,d. )0" S""beam 6;'8 t,58 lI'" -Teo bours L. COOilu.l~n L, (oo(.;ll<"""" '5'9 ~unbealD (0<)'1,) 910 l,na 75'9' 2Ut ~~'I.. '912, •Tbir1Kn boW'~ "' ... 1... C<>aul.n fl, R...."" ""d R, f, L, Crossman '5'9 Sunbeam ., 9d7 ',1.8 75'99 'FourtC"C'n houo(ftyin~ 'lUt) S, f, Edg. ... S, F, Edç. '.. 60 Sap.n (6<)'1.) ,)3 ,30 67'." Z9tb J u~<, '907, FiflHn boun '. ... S, f, Edg. ;:"f, Erlg. ... 60 Sapin 1,006 1,640 67'13 SUlecn Dours S, F, r.dg. ,.. S, F, Edg. ,., 60 :-;'pi.,. I,ooa .00 1>6'~ ~Yf!n[«n boun S, f, Ed•• :'. F, Ed~. ,., 60 ~.pi.,. 1,139 1,100 67'03 Ei~br~n hours S, F, Ed•• $. f. F..Ji:c -.. 60 :-i~pi" 1~2'O3 8':0 I>6'S6 ~ IJkt«n bours S, f, Eo~. 5. F. .Ec~e ... .60 N apin- ... 1,263 J,'?O 66'51 1'_~ry bours .. , S, f, Ed •• .., ,,"f,, Eé~< '., 60 N.pla 1.]27 1,11}O 1>6')3 TwcntYJlnc hours " S, f. EdS' ..:..,F. Edge ... 60 !'i~plC"r 1.)90 1,100 ~'2' T~n[y.rwo bours ,. ", S. F, Ed~. ..' ~,f, Ed •• ,.. 60 :-I,pla 1.458 13° 1>6"7 1·W'enry.thr~ bouf"!, .. S, f, Ed~. S, F, Ed;; , 60 N1picr 1,5'9. ,;60 1>6'05 T ...~nryfourhours •• ~,f, Edg. S. F. Edge 60 Napiu I.S81 I.j10 65'905

• These R~cords have now been beaten. l'h~ ~tC'_stfifUres., .. bicb .lr",it &cccpu.nct as V.~orld'i Record" by the Inlnn.at~ Fedcn.cion '01Automobile Clubs' &.r"e as follows :- MILn.. YARDS.•. P.I(. One bour ("~ndjn, ,br,) H. I\oi~ ... .. ,: 1. Goux ,.,; JO'o P.ult"Or (o<)'L) .. ,06 ~7 a06'~~ 1 12th April. '9'3' 1'.0h.'Ur:ii L. C.Jaulen .. ' 'I, Ch .. '3'S ~unbo:"m (6-<)'1.) ,,,,=~. '95 ''9 97'S5 l-ul Oct., lQI3-- TbT~'f' hour .. L. C.;,auiel). .... ). Cha ..>·... ;:'c and D. Re-c;u ... ::;"5 :;unbe~m (6<')"1.) ,87 o5-t:, 95 6] I Fvur bours _.' L. C'Jaralen I. Lh:;a...~.=.,c.lnd D. KC'~l3. =-:;-5 :'unlx.am 07 93'~1 NiD~ houn. .... L. Cœt.1.1en Dillo .... 2j'S Sunburn (xyl.) 540 '.5]) 9,'4J ,'en hours ..' L, Cooul.n Dillo .. " ,)'S ~unbc.am (6-<)'1.) 9'0 969 9,'06 Ele"-en hOUri ... L. Cw:u.alcn Dino ... lj"S ~unbam(6-'1'1.) 989 è,3 8<)'95 T-«:!ye hOUrI ... : L. C,xlI:Llr~ , DI[tù ...... 2J'! :--unbe:am (6 ,8J 76'33 27th M";', t9'), -'::OWlcen bour:. i H, G, Perrot W, G, ,>cctt and L, G, Horn"."j 15'9 Alp'll (4<)'1.) . 1,070 S7 ~"3 ..

Brooklands Official Race Card , 913 (October 4) -6-

Before record lists had been published in the Brooklands official race cards by the Brooklands Automobile Racing Club (BARC). During the AIACR Congress in , De• cember 7/8, 1922, the General Assembly acknowledged the first list of new world records which remained unchanged 19230

First AIACR List of Automobile World Records 1922/23 _"...--FLYING START Date Distance Driver, Nation,Car Circuit Time Jan/ll m.p.b.. ~ ~ 1f2mile Kenelm Lee Guineas, rooklands 13.23 218.95 131.86 17.5. GB, Sunbeam V 12 (18322)*Dunlop 1 km " " " '6.725 215.25 133.75 1 mile " n It 27.87 207.87 130.48 2 miles II II It 58.965 196.52 18.5. 5 miles " " It 2-34.18 185.915 22.11 • 10 miles Count Louis Vorow " 5-11.4-9 183.395 115.57 Zborowski, GB, Ballo (4817)

STANDING START Kenelm Lee Guiness, GB, .. 23.4-6 123.4-7 1f2mile ~i17.5 Sunbeam V 12 (18322) l' 1 km 26.735 134.65 I*Dun:OP :: I " 1 mile " 37.255 155.51 98.54 10. 600 km ,I, Monza 4:16.15,2 9. 700 km 404 (1094)* 4:58.05 800 km It n 5:4-3013 24. 1100 miles H.Kensington Moir,S.C. rook• 14:30.24,4- 122.028 5. 1800 km H.Davis,Clive Gallop,GB, lande 14:44010,6 122.14 1900 km Aston-Martin(105)*Pirelli 15132048,8 122.21 1200 miles n I' " It 15:46.52 1220196 2000 km It II II II 16:20~23,6 122.4 1139 miles " II " n 15 hours 75.99 1218 miles " " " " 16 hours 76.2 1275 miles " " " " 17-19 hours 75.02-67. - 1. -

"During the congress o~ 1922 in London the AIACR established the lICommis• sian Sportive ErrternatLonaLe" (CSI) and charged it .wf.th the

prepara tian 9:fa "R~glem.en1tGénéral Sportif" 0 It was inau• gurated officially on October 28, 1925, and-came into force on March 17, 19260 This regUlation-h~dbeen introduced as "Code Sporti~ International" on March 17, 19280 Its annexes C - E deal with record termso

The distances

In"~heir session on March 19, 1926, in Eari~ the.AIACR l?id down these records on distance and on time

Distance, flying atart : km - mile - 5 km - 5 miles - 10 km - 10 miles

standing start : km. - mile - 50 km - 50 miles :- 100 km - 100 miles - 500 km - 500 miles - 1000 km and miles ta 50000 km and miles and moreo Time, standing start 1 - 3 - 6 - 12 - 24 hours and more, likewise in dayso 1922-26 the AIACR only recognized world recordso Record lists, formerly published in the Brooklands official race cards by the BARC, came out in Paris first. "Dl 1927 accor• ding to the new Code Sportif. -8-

Certain distances and times which are characteristic for the achievement of the car's performance are the prominent• records-. We will now consider them in their de- _. -- velopment from the begi~ning. The guidelines for this study ~nclude as reference points : date, dri- vers, , location and the result of the attempto In the case that these points -are not sufficient, _ further details can be investigated in the specialist literature or in jour• nals of the timeo

Now we enter the field of several classic recordso

Records with flying start

Certainly the most well known records are th~se with flying start, called the "absolute ". This topic is -- . - reported regularly to_the public and printeà in all papers of the worldo This record has attracted the highe~t degr~e of science, technical know how, cooperation with many branches of industry and scientists from 1898 to the present dayso '--- 1 . - '" The electric and steam began aridsince 1902 the re• ciprocating combustion engines on controlled the record sceneo Then in 1962 when the Southern California Timing Association created the new category "Jet propelled vehicles uxllimited" the j et age began on lando The FIA ap• proved this category in 1'9640 But this technical progress required a revision of the re• cord prescriptions in Appendix D of the Code Sportifo The Comite approved these regulations in 1968, to be enforced as from Janua~J 1, 1970Q The land vehicles are divided now into automobiles on four wheels and special vehicles with other means of propulsion than by __ wheels (jets and hover- craft). The automobiles are divided in~~ight groups: - - '" 1/11 reciprocating four VII electric vehicles engines VIII turbine engines 1) III/IV Diesel engines -_-yIVI rota_ting engines

1) FIA Bulletin Sportive 1969, No. 19 ( (

Date Driver, Nation Car, Location Distance Time A ver age (sec.) km/h I m.poho

Automobiles with Electric Engines

1 8 9 8 Cte Gaston de Chasse- I Jeantaud 36 PS Ach~res km 57 630157 39.25 180 120 loup-Laubat, F

1 8 Camille Jenatzy, B li 9 9 I Jenatzy Electr. Jan 54 66.666 41.43 170 1 0 100 PS *Miche~n 27. 10 " " km 4404 800357 te . h " "" " 49.93 4" 30 C Gaston de C asse- Jeantaud 36 PS km 3808 loup-Laubat, F * " 92.783 57.66 290 4. Camille Jenatzy, B Jenatzy Electr. " km 34 105.882 65.8 100 PS*Michel

1 9 0 2 Walter Baker, USA Baker Electrio mile 145 TorpedO 9001 \0 1 6 8 Jerry Kugel, USA 9 I Ford Autolite Bonneville mile 25.925 223.48 134.86 190110 "Lead Wedge"/GE Salt Flats 1 9 7 4 I Roger Hedlund, USA II tI Battery Box/GE km 120778 2810734 1750061 23. 8. mile 200581 281.503 1740918 Automobiles with Steam Eng~

1 9 0 1 Leon Serpollet, F Gardner-Serpol- I Nice km 3504 10005 62.45 • 30 let 12 PS*Miche~n

1 902 Il u tI II km 13. 40 " " 2902 120.805 75.07 1 9 0 2 I Webb Jay, USA White 20 HP Morris Park Imile 4803 40 7"

1 9 0 6 IAlfred Ho Mariott,USA Stanley Steamer 250+27.1. Ormond BeaCh'l km 18.2 195.652 121058 Fla. mile 2801 20505 127.7

1 969 Vaporizer Bonneville 240 149.14 USA Salt Flats r : .ir >: JI'

... ---_ l

, ....t:'I'} ( (

Date Driver, Nation Car Location Dis• Time A ver age tance (seco) km/h I mops h ,

Automobiles with reciprocating_yiston e~~

1 ;. 08~ I William K.vander~-:l~ Mors 6-0 ~:~on- Sh'"Arnoult- km 29.4 I 122.448 I 76.08 USA tinental Ablis mile 4804 5~ 11. I Henry Fournier, F "Il Dourdan km 2902 I 1230287 I 76060 mil~ ,47.4 ,17.11. I Gabriel Aug~, F I Mors 60 HP*Mi- II km 29 1240137 77013 - - chelin mile 46 1250944 78.26 1 9 0 3 Rigolly, F Gobron·-Brilli~ Ostencle km 2608 1340328 83047 17. 7. 110 HP*Micheli

50110 Arthur Duray, F "" Dourdan km 2604 1360363 84073

1 9 0 4. Henry Fordp USA Ford 999 (1707) Lake StoClair mile 3902 1470014 91037 ~ 120 10 *Qoodyear 260 10 William Ks Vanderb t.Lb Mercedes 90 HP Ormond mile 39 1480511 9203 - USA *Continenta,l Beach "Ian. 2402 148076 92044

310 3. I Rigolly, F Gobron-:-Brillié Nice km 2306 1520542 94.78 110 HP*Micheli ( (- Time . t I A ver age Date Driver, Nation Car Location DlS ance (seco) kru/h I mopoho Reciprocating eng~ (continued) ------1 904 Barou'PieTre de ..Mercedes -90 HP Nf.euport-, km 23 1560521 I 97026 140 50 Caters, B *Continental Ostende

Rigolly, F Gobron~.Bri]2;ié II 20" 70 km 2106 16606661103056 110 HP*Mielaelin 130110 Paul Baras, F Da~racq 100 HP~ïI II km 2104 1680224 lo4065~ 0 Ho L(, Bowden, USA 1 9 5 Mercedes 2x60 HPIOrmond mile 3208 1760588 10906'5:' 250 1 0 Beach 230120 Victor Heméry, F Darracq 200 HP 't:fArles-Salon km 2003 1770339 110.19 0 1 9 6 Alfred Ho Mariott, Stanley steamer Ormond mile 2801 2050443 1'21057 250 f:" USA Beach lem 1802 1970802 122091

180 70 Algernon Lee Guines J)arracq 200 Ostende km 19 1890474 117073 GB 1 9 0 9 Victor Hem~ry, F Benz 200 HP(2106] Brooklands km 170761 2020691 125095 80 11 0 mile 310055 115092 1 9 1 0 Barney Oldfield~ 200 Benz HP*Ffrei Daytolk~ km 17004 2110267 131028 I 160 30 USA stone . Beach mile 270033 2110937 131072 II II II II ~ 1 9 1 1 Bob Burma.n~ USA km 16027 2210266 137049 21 0 40 only ?ne 'dire~~ mile 26012 2210807 137082 230 40 II 11 II II II .. , .. " I u. _ . km 15088 22607 140087 ;only one direction mile 2'504 2280094 14103.T 191 4 La Go Hornsted~ GB II ~.,., ,.~ I B:rO~k:lé?-~q_s mile 2901 199075 12401 140 6