Seafood Industry in Vietnam Current
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OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION SEAFOOD INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM CURRENT SITUATION, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES UNIDO COUNTRY OFFICE IN VIETNAM December 2015 UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam OVERVIEW This study gives an overall picture of fisheries sector in Vietnam and shows the current status of the sector, as well as its development trends. The report has two main objectives: (1) to review the status and needs of the fisheries, aquaculture and aquatic ressource management in Viet Nam; (2) to identify the areas of intervention that can increase production, improve the competitiveness of the vietnamese products, diversify the national seafood production, industrial and modernize the seafood value chains, and ameliorate environmental management of the sector on a sustainable and competitive production. Aknoweldgments Florian Despons, UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam, prepared this paper under the overall guidance and direction of Patrick Gilabert, UNIDO representative in Viet Nam. More information can be obtained at [email protected]. Writing this paper would not have been possible without the precious help of Mr Nguyen Song Ha from the FAO Vietnam; Mr. Nguyen Hoai Nam, Deputy General Secretary of VASEP; Ms. Lê Hang, Deputy Director of VASEP; Mr. Hoang Thanh, Programme Officer – Climate change and Environment in the Cooperation and Development Section of the Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam; Ms. Nguyen Thi Bang Tam, of the Directorate of Fisheries Department of Aquaculture under the MARD; Mr. Nguyen Thanh Binh of Science, Technology and International Cooperation under the MARD; and all the UNIDO Country Office team, Patrick Gilabert, Ms. Lê Thanh Thao, Ms. Hoang Mai Van Anh; Ms. Tran Tuyet Van; and Mr. Clément Morel; Ms. Lisanne Brummelhuis, and Mr. Nicolo Cora. Disclaimer This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of names or products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information herein, neither UNIDO nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences, which may arise from the use of the material. This document may be freely quoted or reprinted but acknowledgement is requested. 2 UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….9 II. Importance of the Seafood Industry in the World………………………………11 III. Significiance of the Seafood Industry for the Vietnamese Economy…..17 IV. Major Products of the Vietnamese Seafood Industry…………………………..28 1. Shrimp industry …………………………………………………………………………………29 2. Pangasius industry ……………………………………………………………………………..41 3. Tuna industry …………………………………………………………………………………….51 4. Bivalve Mollusc industry …………………………………..………………………….…...65 5. Tilapia industry………………………………………………………………………………….78 6. Cephalopod industry ………………………………………………………………………….82 7. Lobster industry…………………………………………………………………………………..84 8. Crab industry ………………………………………………………………………………………87 9. Surimi industry ………………………………………………………………….………………..91 V. Vietnam International Trade Relations: Opportunities for Seafood Industry………………………………………….……..….94 1. The Euroasian Economic Union …………………………………………………………98 2. The Trans-Pacific Partnership……………………………………………………………..99 3. The EU-Viet Nam Free Trade Agrement ……………………………………………..103 4. Chinese opportunities for Vietnam…………………………………………………….107 5. Viet Nam –South-Korea Free Trade Agreement…………………………………..111 6. Asean Economic Community …………………………………………………………..113 7. Brazil: opportunity for Viet Nam?.....................................................................114 VI. International Standards for Seafood and Vietnamese Rejections …….117 VII. Seafood Industry and Environment Issues in Vietnam…………………….131 1. Environmental risks for fishery sector: Directly related to climate change…………………………………………………….132 2. Environmental risks for fishery sector: Not directly related to climate change………………………………………………138 VIII. Outlook and Plan for the Seafood Industry for 2020, vision to 2030….145 IX. List of Players in the industry…………………………………………………………….154 1. List of major producers and manufacturers……………………………………….154 2. List of relevant institutions and organisations …………………………………..158 3 UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFF Agriculture – Forestry – Fishery ASC Aquaculture Stewardship Council ASEAN Association South East Asian Nations BAP Best Aquaculture Practice BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa COFI Committee on Fisheries (of the FAO) CPRGS Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (Vietnam) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMS Early Mortality Syndrome EU European Union FDA Food and Drug Administration FAO Food and Agricultural Orgnization of the United Nations GAA Global Agriculture Alliance GAP Good Agriculture Practice IAA Integrate Agriculture-Aquaculture IFIS Import Food Inspection Services (Japan) ITC International Trade Centre IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (Fishing) JICA Japan International Trade Cooperation Agency MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam MIL Mandatory Inspection List (Canada) MOIT Ministry Of Industry and Trade MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment MRL Maximum Residue Level MSC Marine Stewardship Council NAFIQAD National Agro–Forestry–Fisheries Quality Assurance Department NAFIQAVED National Fisheries Quality Assurance and Veterinary Directorate NGO Non-Governamental Organization NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development RASFF Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (EU) SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary TBT Technical Barriers to Trade TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization VASEP Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Processors VNCPC Vietnam National Cleaner Production Center Viet GAP Vietnamese Good Agriculture Practice VCCI Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry VKFTA Vietnam-Korea Free Trade Agreement WCPFC Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission WTO World Trade Organization WWF World Wide Fund 4 UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam EXPLANATION OF TERMS 1. Fishery Industry includes business operating in the field of exploiting, aquaculturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling seafood or seafood products. The commecial activities are aimed delivering seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial process. In some diret or indirect ways, lives of over 500 million of people in developing countries depend on fisheries and aquaculture (2,5 million in Viet Nam). 2. Fisheries Ressources means aquatic living resources existing in naturel waters and having economic and scientific value for the development of capture fishery, conservation and development of fisheries resources. 3. Rehabilitation of fisheries resources means the renewable process, enhancement and increase of fisheries resources. 4. Fishing operations means the capture of fisheries resources at seas, in rivers, lakes, lagoons and other natural waters. 5. Fishing Ground menas sea areas with a high concentration of fisheries resources identified for fishing vessels coming to fish. 6. Aquaculture Land