국내 하우스 재배에 적합한 망고(Magnifera Indica L.) 품종 선발

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국내 하우스 재배에 적합한 망고(Magnifera Indica L.) 품종 선발 Korean J. Breed. Sci. 48(2):126-132(2016. 6) Online ISSN: 2287-5174 http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2016.48.2.126 Print ISSN: 0250-3360 국내 하우스 재배에 적합한 망고(Magnifera indica L.) 품종 선발 임찬규⋅문두경⋅성기철⋅김천환⋅정영빈⋅박교선⋅송승엽* 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소 Selection of Mango (Magnifera indica L.) Cultivars Suitable for Fruit Production from Greenhouse Condition in Jeju Island, Korea Chan Kyu Lim, Doo Gyeong Moon, Ki Cheol Seong, Chun Hwan Kim, * Young Bin Jung, Kyo Sun Park, and Seung Yeob Song Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, NIHHS, RDA, Jeju 690-150, Korea Abstract : The study was conducted to obtain the basic information for extending the harvest season and selecting superior cultivars of mango. For the purposes, various cultivars were imported and cultivated in greenhouse condition, Korea. The periods of flowering and fruit maturity and fruit qualities among cultivars were investigated under greenhouse condition. As the early variety, the harvest time of ‘Carrie’ and ‘Glenn’ was fastest as June 3 based on harvest time and cumulative temperature. ‘Kent’, ‘Philippine’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Choc-anon’, and ‘Fairchild’ as the early variety were harvested from June 8 to June 13. ‘Zill’, ‘Florigon’, ‘Alphonso’, ‘Mallika’, ‘Kensington Pride’, ‘Bailey’s Marvel’, and ‘Pinkering’ as midseason cultivar were harvested from June 15 to June 23. ‘Dot’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Gold Nugget’, and ‘Lancetilla’ as late ripening variety were harvested from July 5 to July 10. The fruit weights of ‘Keitt’ and ‘Kent’ were more than 650g and those of ‘Fairchild’ and ‘Lancetilla’ were less than 200g. The fruit weights of other cultivars were from 300 to 400g. The soluble solid contents of ‘Zill’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Kent’ and ‘Glenn’ were almost 15Brix and those of other cultivars were higher than that of ‘Irwin’. The soluble solid contents of ‘Pinkering’, ‘Philippine’, ‘Lancetilla’, ‘Dot’, and ‘Alphonso’ were about 20Brix and flavors of those cultivars are excellent. The acid contents of cultivars were investigated from 0.2 to 0.4% but that of ‘Fairchild’ was 0.8%. Keywords : Mango, Fruit maturity period, Introduced cultivars, Selection, Fruit quality 서 언 수입물량이 급증하고 있으나 대부분의 망고는 훈증처리, 온탕침 지와 같은 검역과정을 거쳐야 하기 때문에 국내에서 생산되는 망고(Mangifera indica L.)는 옻나무과(Anacardiaceae), 망고 완숙된 망고와 수입 후 후숙되는 망고는 차별화가 된다. 세계적으 속(Mangifera)의 상록성 교목으로 북위 25°, 남위 25°의 열대지 로 재배되는 망고 품종은 수백여 품종에 달하고 있지만 국내에서 역에서 주로 재배되고 있다(Mukherjee 1949). 망고의 생육 최저 재배되고 있는 품종은 대부분 'Irwin(Mangifera indica L. var. 한계온도는 6℃이며 생육 적온은 24~27℃로 18℃ 이하에서는 irwin)'으로 수고는 소~중간 정도이며 과실 종경은 11.5~13cm, 생육이 완만해지고 10℃ 이하에서는 신초 발육 및 화방의 발달이 횡경은 8~9cm로 난형이며(Campbell & Smith 1987) 과피의 정지한다(Whiley et al. 1988). 국내에서 망고는 겨울철 가온을 색은 사과와 비슷한 색깔을 띠고 있어 국내에서는 애플망고라고 할 수 있는 시설 하우스 내에서 재배되고 있고, 완숙된 상태에서 불리기도 한다. 미국 플로리다에서 처음 육성된 ‘Irwin’ 품종은 수확 후 판매되기 때문에 수입산과 비교해 맛과 향이 뛰어나 수량성이 높으며 품질도 비교적 뛰어나 현재 일본의 오키나와, 높은 가격에 판매되고 있다. 최근에는 망고 수요가 증가하면서 가고시마 그리고 미야자키 지역에서 가장 널리 재배되고 있는 품종이다(Ueda et al. 2000). 하지만 ‘Irwin’은 탄저병에 약하고 *Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +82-64- 저장성 및 수송의 문제점을 나타내고 재배 환경에 따라 품질의 741-2562, Fax: +82-64-741-2530) 차이가 많이 발생한다(Campbell 1992). 일본 오키나와현에서는 (Received on December 22, 2015. Accepted on March 28, 2016.) Copyright ⓒ 2016 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 국내 하우스 재배에 적합한 망고(Magnifera indica L.) 품종 선발 127 화아분화에 필요한 겨울철 일사량 부족으로 착화가 불안정하여 낙과가 되지 않아 과실의 비대기가 끝나고 과피의 색이 변할 재배상의 큰 애로점이 되고 있으나 와카야마현에서는 겨울철 시기를 수확기로 정했다. 수확기 전에 과실은 망을 씌워 낙과로 적당한 일사량으로 착화가 많으나 착과과다로 의한 수세 저하가 인한 과실 손상이 없도록 하였다. 생육의 예측이나 품종의 조만 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 최근 일본에서는 정도를 판단하기 위하여 생육온도일수(growing degree days, 지역 환경에 맞고 시설재배에 적합한 품종을 선발하고 농가에 GDD) 또는 온량지수(heat unit)가 널리 쓰이고 있다(Arnold 보급하고 있다(Yonemoto & Higuchi 2003). 또한 망고는 자가 1971, Jong et al. 1986, Kim et al. 1996). 본 연구에서는 비닐 불화합성 품종이 많아서 수정이 되지 않으면 유과기에 낙과가 하우스 내 온도를 2014년 1월부터 11월까지 매일 최고, 최저 많이 발생한다. Ram et al. (1976)에 따르면 ‘Keitt’ 및 ‘Zill’ 온도를 측정하였고 측정된 온도 결과는 Kim et al. (1996)의 품종과 ‘Irwin’ 품종을 타가수분 했을 경우 결과성이 향상 되었다 연구를 참고하여 일 최고온도와 최저온도의 평균온도에서 생육 고 보고된 바가 있다. 망고를 지역특산물로써 국내 시장에 정착시 최저 한계온도를 뺀 나머지 값을 누적하여 계산하는 잉여온도형 키기 위해서는 ‘Irwin’ 품종보다 과실 품질이 우수하고 수확시기 을 이용하여 품종 간 차이를 비교하여 조, 중, 만생종으로 분류를 를 달리 할 수 있는 품종을 탐색할 필요가 있다. 했다. 본 연구는 ‘Irwin’ 품종 이외에 생산시기의 폭을 넓히고 다양 과실 생육 및 품질 조사는 수확기 때 품종 별로 특성을 잘 한 소비자의 기호에 맞는 품종을 선발하고 기후변화에 대응할 나타낸 과실 5개를 선별해 조사하였다. 과피의 착색 정도는 과실 수 있는 육종 기초 자료로 쓰기 위해 온난화대응농업연구소에서 의 과정부 지점을 색상색차계(CR-300, Minolta, Japan)를 이용 다양한 망고 품종을 도입하여 하우스 시설재배 조건에서 품종 하여 측정하였고 색채 중 a값과 b값으로 나타내었다. 가용성고형 별 수체 생육 및 과실 품질에 대한 조사를 수행했다. 물 및 산함량은 과실을 3등분하고 양측면의 과육을 모두 혼합하 여 착즙하였다. 착즙된 과즙은 굴절당도계를 이용하여 당도 측정 재료 및 방법 하였고, 산함량은 과즙 5ml을 0.156N의 수산화나트륨 수용액에 적정한 후 과즙 100ml 중의 구연산 함량으로 환산하여 표시하였 식물 재료 다. 경도는 5mm 과실경도계(TA-XT 20042, USA)를 이용하여 본 시험에 사용된 망고는 2010년 미국 플로리다주에 위치한 과실의 과정부 부위의 세 방향에서 측정하였다. 육묘 회사(Pine island nursery)로부터 접목 1년생 망고 18품종 을 도입하였다. 도입된 품종들은 온난화대응농업연구소 격리재 결과 및 고찰 배온실에서 1년간 병해충 감염에 대한 검사를 실시하였으며 검역을 마친 묘목은 2011년 6월에 온난화대응농업연구소 비닐 수확시기 및 적산온도에 따른 품종 별 비교 하우스 시험포장 내에 정식을 하였다. 정식 된 묘목은 2년간 비닐 하우스 내의 2013년도 11월부터 2014년도 11월까지 겨울철 최저 온도를 15℃로 맞추어 가온을 하였으며 영양생장을 일 최고, 최저 및 평균 기온을 측정 한 결과는 Fig. 1과 같다. 위주로 관리하였다. 2014년 시험 재료인 품종은 각 품종별 3주를 최저 기온은 2013년도 11월부터 12월까지 60일간 15℃ 이하로 선발했다(Table 1). 관리하여 화아분화 조건을 만들었으며 이후 2014년도 1월부터 는 20℃ 이상의 최저 온도 관리를 하여 수정 후 착과 할 수 품종관리 및 비교 분석 있는 조건을 만들어 주었다. 최고 기온은 2014년 1월부터 30℃ 도입한 망고 품종들은 2014년 겨울철 하우스 내의 최저 온도 이상이 되어 10월 초순까지 유지 되었으며 평균 기온 또한 1월부 는 15℃ 이상, 최고 온도는 30℃ 이하가 되도록 관리했으며 터 25℃를 유지하여 10월 초순까지 유지 되었다. 개화기는 인위 비닐 하우스의 천창은 낮에 25℃에서 개방하고 4월부터는 낮에 적인 화아분화를 유도하기 위해 자연적인 기온으로 처리하여 측장 비닐을 감아 올려 비닐 하우스 내 온도를 관리하였다. 착과 동시에 가온을 하였기 때문에 품종 간 개화 시기의 차이를 보이지 를 위한 수분은 검정빰금파리를 비닐 하우스 내 방사 시켜 자연수 는 않았다. 일본의 경우 비닐 하우스 내에서 재배하지만 가온을 분을 하였다. 개화 시기는 가지 끝에 달리는 원추꽃차례가 2/3이 하지 않기 때문에 개화기의 차이를 보일 수 있는데 일반적으로 상 개화했을 때로 정했으며 수확기는 정상적으로 비대한 과실의 망고는 20℃ 이하에서 화아분화가 일어난다고 보고되었다 낙과 시기를 수확기로 정했다. ‘Keitt’ 품종은 성숙기를 지나도 (Ueda et al. 2000). 남규슈 지역의 하우스 재배의 경우 ‘Irwin’ 128 韓育誌(Korean J. Breed. Sci.) 48(2), 2016 Fig. 1. Daily maximum, minimum and mean air temperature in a greenhouse. A : Flower stalk emergence season, B : Flowering season, C : Maturation period, D : Harvesting season. 품종은 평균기온이 15℃ 전후가 되는 12월 20일부터 화아분화 면 일본의 오키나와현 무가온 하우스 재배에서는 ‘Irwin’의 수확 가 시작되어 1월 10일에 개화가 시작 된다고 보고되었고, 와카야 기가 7월 하순에서 8월 중순, ‘Kent’가 7월 중순에서 8월초순, 마현에서는 ‘Irwin’ 품종을 최저 기온 5~6℃ 이상에서 재배하면 ‘Keitt’가 9월 중순에서 10월 초순으로 수확시기는 조금씩 다르 11월부터 화아유도가 시작되어 3월 하순부터 개화한다고 보고 지만 품종 별 비교를 해보면 거의 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 국내 되었다(Yonemoto & Higuchi 2003). 본 시험에서의 개화시기는 에서 재배되는 ‘Irwin’ 품종은 다른 품종과 비교했을 때 조생품종 2014년 11월부터 12월까지 기온이 15℃ 이하의 조건으로 화아 에 속하고 있으며 이외의 중생품종과 만생품종의 다양한 품종을 분화가 시작되었으며 2015년 1월 초 중순경에 개화가 시작 되었 국내에서 재배된다면 출하 시기가 확대될 수 있다. 따라서 망고의 다. 망고의 수정을 위한 적온은 23~30℃으로 본 시험의 경우 수급조절과 가격안정을 통해 농가의 소득을 높일 수 있을 것으로 개화 후 수정을 위해 인위적으로 20℃ 이상의 온도 조건을 맞추 판단된다. 기 위해 가온을 해주었다. Sukhvibul et al. (2005)은 개화 시기에 20℃ 이하의 기온일 경우 수정 후 무배유 과실이 발생하며 이후 도입 품종 별 과실특성 비교 과실 비대기때에는 조기 낙과가 발생할 수 있다고 보고 했으며 도입 품종 별 과실 품질을 조사한 결과 국내에서 주로 재배되고 Lakshminarayana & Aguilar (1975)은 온도가 높을수록 조기 있는 ‘Irwin’ 품종과 일본의 ‘Irwin’ 품종을 비교해 보면 국내 낙과율이 낮아졌다고 보고한 바 있다. 망고 과실 무게는 359g, 가용성 고형물함량은 14.7 Brix, 산함량 생육온도일수(growing degree days, GDD)를 계산하는 방법 은 0.2%로 나타났고, 일본의 경우 449g, 고형물함량 14.2 Brix과 중 잉여온도형을 이용하여 품종 별 비교를 한 결과 조생품종은 산함량 0.2%로 나타났다(Sasaki & Utsunomiya 2002). 일본의 6품종, 중생품종은 8품종, 만생품종은 4품종으로 분류 되었다 ‘Irwin’ 품종과 비교해 과실 무게가 국내 ‘Irwin’ 품종이 다소 (Fig. 2). 개화기에서부터 과실 수확기까지 10℃ 이상의 적산온 낮게 나타났지만, 현재까지 재배기술이 확립되어 있지 않고, 도를 조사한 결과 조생품종은 49,582 ~ 53,986℃/hr, 중생품종 과실 재배의 편차가 심해 망고 무게의 차이를 보이고 있다.
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