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Report Format No. 国境省 独立行政法人国際協力機構 ミャンマー国 少数民族のための南東部地域総合開発支援 プログラム形成準備調査 ファイナル・レポート ―主報告書― 平成25年10月 株式会社レックス・インターナショナル 日本工営株式会社 株式会社オリエンタルコンサルタンツ 基盤 JR 13-198 国境省 独立行政法人国際協力機構 ミャンマー国 少数民族のための南東部地域総合開発支援 プログラム形成準備調査 ファイナル・レポート ―主報告書― 平成25年10月 株式会社レックス・インターナショナル 日本工営株式会社 株式会社オリエンタルコンサルタンツ 為替レート(平成 25 年 4 月から 6 月における平均値) US$1.00=MMK904 US$1.00=JPY98.93 MMK1= JPY0.1094 出典: 東京三菱 UFJ 銀行(JPY-US$レート) ミャンマー中央銀行(MMK-US$レート) ミャンマー国少数民族のための南東部地域総合開発支援 プログラム形成準備調査 ファイナル・レポート:主報告書 目 次 第 1 章 序論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 背景 ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 調査背景 .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 調査概要と調査の目的 .......................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.3 調査対象地区:ミャンマー南東部 ......................................................................... 1-3 1.2 調査範囲 .............................................................................................................................. 1-6 1.2.1 調査範囲の概要 ...................................................................................................... 1-6 1.2.2 調査体制 .................................................................................................................. 1-6 1.2.3 本初期調査のアウトプット .................................................................................. 1-7 1.3 調査の基本方針 .................................................................................................................. 1-8 1.3.1 調査の要件と計画課題 .......................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.2 技術面の基本方針 ................................................................................................ 1-10 1.3.3 運営面の基本方針 ................................................................................................ 1-13 1.4 調査手順と方法 ................................................................................................................ 1-16 1.4.1 調査業務全体の流れ ............................................................................................ 1-16 1.4.2 調査手順と方法 .................................................................................................... 1-18 1.5 業務計画 ............................................................................................................................ 1-26 1.5.1 作業工程計画 ........................................................................................................ 1-26 1.5.2 要員計画 ................................................................................................................ 1-26 1.6 業務実施の過程 ................................................................................................................ 1-29 第 2 章 ミャンマー南東部地域における環境の現況 ................................................................... 2-1 2.1 南東部地域における環境保全の概観 ............................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 環境の現況 .............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 環境問題の構造 .................................................................................................... 2-16 2.2 環境管理システム............................................................................................................. 2-17 2.2.1 ミャンマーにおける環境保全政策 .................................................................... 2-17 2.2.2 法令と環境 ............................................................................................................ 2-18 2.2.3 環境保全に関する関連組織の役割 .................................................................... 2-18 2.2.4 環境に係る国際及び二国間における条約、協定及び取決め ........................ 2-19 2.3 環境保全政策のフレームワーク ..................................................................................... 2-21 2.3.1 環境保全の目的 .................................................................................................... 2-21 2.3.2 環境保全の課題 .................................................................................................... 2-21 2.3.3 環境保全の戦略と施策 ........................................................................................ 2-21 2.4 提案するプログラム及びプロジェクト案 ..................................................................... 2-29 第 3 章 ミャンマー南東部地域の社会経済状況 ........................................................................... 3-1 3.1 人口 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 現況人口 .................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 南東部地域における人口増加と都市部・農村部の人口 .................................. 3-4 3.2 農業 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.2.1 ミャンマー及び南東部地域の農業の概況 .......................................................... 3-6 3.2.2 農業開発政策 .......................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.3 農業開発の管轄機関 ............................................................................................ 3-11 3.2.4 農地と農地保有面積 ............................................................................................ 3-15 3.2.5 作物生産 ................................................................................................................ 3-17 3.2.6 畜産と漁業 ............................................................................................................ 3-22 -i- ミャンマー国少数民族のための南東部地域総合開発支援 プログラム形成準備調査 ファイナル・レポート:主報告書 3.2.7 農業支援サービス ................................................................................................ 3-23 3.2.8 農家経済 ................................................................................................................ 3-25 3.2.9 農業労働力 ............................................................................................................ 3-27 3.2.10 特産品 .................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.2.11 南東部地域における農業開発の開発課題、方向性、戦略 ............................ 3-29 3.2.12 提案するプログラムとプロジェクトのリスト ................................................ 3-30 3.3 工業 .................................................................................................................................... 3-34 3.3.1 ミャンマー及び南東部地域の工業開発政策 .................................................... 3-34 3.3.2 ミャンマー及び南東部地域の工業開発の概況 ................................................ 3-36 3.3.3 南東部地域における既存の工業開発計画 ........................................................ 3-40 3.3.4 東西回廊開発及びミャンマー・タイ国境地域における開発動向 ................ 3-42 3.3.5 南東部地域の工業開発に係る課題 .................................................................... 3-42 3.3.6 工業開発の方向と暫定的な工業開発計画案 .................................................... 3-43 第 4 章 ミャンマー南東部地域における インフラストラクチャーの現況 ............................. 4-1 4.1 水資源開発及び水供給....................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 南東部地域の水賦存量 .......................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 水力発電の現況 ...................................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.3 工業用水の現況 ...................................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.4 上水の現況 .............................................................................................................. 4-7 4.1.5 灌漑開発 ................................................................................................................ 4-17 4.1.6 洪水管理 ................................................................................................................ 4-20 4.1.7 水資源開発の主要課題 ........................................................................................ 4-24 4.1.8 潜在的ダム貯水池に係わる予備的検討 ............................................................ 4-26 4.1.9 南東部地域水資源の今後の開発戦略 ................................................................ 4-28 4.1.10 事業計画案リスト(暫定案) ............................................................................ 4-31 4.2 電力開発 ............................................................................................................................ 4-34 4.2.1 ミャンマー及び南東部地域における電力開発の概要 .................................... 4-34 4.2.2 電力開発の運営管理 ............................................................................................ 4-36 4.2.3 南東部地域の電力供給システムの現状 ............................................................ 4-37 4.2.4 南東部地域の電力開発計画とプロジェクト .................................................... 4-38 4.2.5 南東部地域の電力供給計画 ................................................................................ 4-39 4.2.6 実現性のあるプログラムとプロジェクトの暫定リスト ................................ 4-42 4.3 道路及び橋梁 .................................................................................................................... 4-44 4.3.1 ミャンマー及び南東部地域にける道路セクターの概況 ................................ 4-44 4.3.2 道路整備及び道路維持管理の管轄機関 ............................................................ 4-47 4.3.3 南東部地域における道路セクターの課題 ........................................................ 4-48 4.3.4 南東部地域における道路整備計画 .................................................................... 4-49 4.3.5 道路整備計画に沿った暫定プロジェクトリスト
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