Index of Subjects

Home , Aktion T4, Lublin Ghetto, Otterndorf, Radom Ghetto, Rastdorf, Tarnopol Ghetto

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83875-7 - Jewish Forced Labor Under the Nazis: Economic Needs and Racial Aims, 1938-1944 Wolf Gruner Index More information

Index of Subjects

Aktion Erntefest, 271 Autobahn camps, 286 Aktion Hase, 96 acceptance/rejection of Jews for, 197, Aktion Mitte B, 97 198 Aktion Reinhard, 258 administration of by private companies, Aktion T4, 226 203 Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse (AOK). See closing of, 208, 209, 211 General Local Health Insurance control of by Autobahn authorities, 199, Provider. 203, 213, 219 Annexation of Austria. See Anschluss. control of by SS (Schmelt), 214, 223 Anschluss (annexation of Austria), xvi, xxii, employing Polish Jews, 183, 198, 203, 3, 105, 107, 136, 278 217, 286 Anti-Jewish policy locations of, 203, 212, 219, 220 before 1938, xx, xxii, xxiv redesignation of as “Zwangsarbeitslager,” central measures in, xxi, xxii, xxiii 223 consequences of for Jews, xvi, 107, 109, regulations for, 199, 200, 203, 212 131, 274 See also Fuhrer’s¨ road and Schmelt forced contradiction in, 109 labor camps. diminished SS role in, 240, 276 Autobahn construction management division of labor principle in, xvii, xviii, headquarters (Oberste Bauleitung der xxiv, 30, 112, 132, 244, 281, 294 Reichsautobahnen) effect of war on, 8, 9, 126, 141, 142 in Austria, 127 forced labor as element of, x, xii, xiii, 3, 4, in Berlin, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 177, 276 206 in Austria, 136 in Breslau, 204, 205, 211, 212, 220, local-central interaction in, xx, xxi, xxii 222 local measures in, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 150, in Cologne, 205 151 in Danzig, 203, 204, 205 measures implementing, 151, 172, 173, See also Reich Autobahn Directorates. 280 Autobahn construction projects reformulation/radicalization of, xxiii, xxiv, Berlin-Frankfurt an der Oder-Posen- 5, 30, 87, 105, 106, 149, 161, 277 Litzmannstadt, 183, 187, 196, 198, 199, See also Emigration of Jews, Exclusion of 200, 201, 202, 203, 209 Jews, Impoverishment of Jews, Jewish Breslau-Brieg-Gleiwitz-Krakow, 202, 204, forced labor, Segregation of Jews, and 211 Unemployment of Jews. Durchgangstrasse 4, 217, 255, 256, 267, Aryanization, xxiv, 45, 46, 47, 58, 66, 107, 270, 282 109, 276 Stettin-Danzig, 202, 203 “Asocials,” 3, 4, 108, 109 Attack on Soviet Union, 14, 129, 184, 201, Barracks camps, 38, 47, 65, 66, 76, 97, 98, 217, 252, 254, 257, 274 111, 120, 172, 202, 236, 260

297

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83875-7 - Jewish Forced Labor Under the Nazis: Economic Needs and Racial Aims, 1938-1944 Wolf Gruner Index More information

298 Index of Subjects

Benefits for Jewish forced laborers Bertha Werke Markstadt¨ (Krupp AG), denial of, 13, 289 220. See also Companies using forced elimination of, 22, 39, 115, 128, 152, 171, labor, Krupp AG. 195, 237, 248 Blaupunkt-Werke GmbH Berlin, 41 lack of, 12, 43, 242 Buchdruckerei Pleva, 158 paying for without receiving, 235 Buna-Werke Auschwitz (I. G. Farben), See also Health insurance for Jewish 217. See also Companies using forced forced laborers and Social insurance for labor, I. G. Farben. Jewish forced laborers. Christoph & Unmack AG Niesky, 71 Beschaftigungsverh¨ altnis¨ eigener Art. See Dachpappenfabrik Zaˇ cek,ˇ 158 Labor status of Jewish forced laborers, Deutsche Ausrustungswerke¨ GmbH, 257 as codified special employment Deutsche Sprengchemie GmbH, classification. Dreetz/Neustadt an der Dosse, 208 Bonuses Ehrich & Graetz AG Berlin, 17 instead of wages, 191 Fassdaubenfabrik Bolechow, 267 per performance agreements Firma Brockmann, 222 (Leistungsakkordpramien),¨ 242 Firma de Boer Emden, 115 prohibition against, 128 Firma Eduard Riedel Mechanische See also Wages of Jewish forced laborers. Knopffabriken Gorlitz,¨ 71 Border fortification projects, 235, 236, 244, Firma Emil Schmidt Tief- & Straßenbau, 245, 249, 251 36 Firma Gans und Hochberger Tarnow, 238 Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Firma Gottlieb Singer Klatau, 164 Prague (Zentralstelle fur¨ judische¨ Firma Hammel & Westenberger, 18 Auswanderung), 151, 161, 172, 173, 281 Firma Hoffmann, 222 as central site handling Jewish matters, 148 Firma Holzverarbeitung Hrdlicka,ˇ 158 as model for promoting emigration, 144, Firma Ingenieur Kindl Predmeritz, 167 145 Firma Kartonagen Kos, 158 management of expropriated property by, Firma Kulzer & Co. Frankfurt am Main, 162, 169 29 planning and organization of forced labor Firma Kunststoffe Baklax, 158 by, xvii, 154, 155, 156, 158, 170 Firma Mann Lederwaren Wildner, 158 provision of forced laborers by, 152 Firma Max Braun Radio Frankfurt am Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Main, 20, 29 Vienna (Zentralstelle fur¨ judische¨ Firma Moll, 222 Auswanderung), 110, 112, 130 Firma Nebelung & Sohn Bielefeld, 53 closing of retraining camps of, 134 Firma Optische Apparate Matuska,ˇ 158 development and recruitment of forced Firma Osterrieth Frankfurt am Main, 25, labor, 118, 119 29 operation of retraining camps by, 126, 287 Firma Pokorny Schuttenhofen,¨ 164 role of in expulsion and deportation, 120, Firma Roggenbuck & Sohne¨ Hamburg, 129 100 Central Office for Jewish Retraining, Nisko Firma Schwarz & Co. Lemberg, 267 am San, 56 Firma Textilia Lemberg, 267 “Cleansing” of German territory, 178, 179, Firma Wascherei¨ Seibel Dornigheim,¨ 25 201, 269 Firma Walter Tobbens¨ Warschau, 263, Companies using forced labor 269 AEG Berlin, 17 Firma Wilhelm Goebel Golzow, 204 Askania-Werke AG, 252 Firma Wurpts-Loga, 39, 115 Ausbildungswerkstatten¨ A. W. Lemberg, Flachsroste¨ GmbH Munchen-Lohhof,¨ 42 267 Frankfurt Asbestwerke AG, 29 Avia Flugzeugwerke, 163 Grun¨ & Bilfinger AG Mannheim, 222

Index of Subjects 299

Hermann Goring¨ Reichswerke, 183 Voltohm Seil- und Kabelwerke AG Holzbau AG-Zweigstelle Lemberg, 267 Frankfurt am Main, 16, 20, 29 Hugo Schneider AG (HASAG), 194, 268 Westbohmische¨ Kaolinwerke, 164 I. G. Farben, 224, 225. See also Companies Wienerberger Ziegelei AG Wien, 113 using forced labor, Buna and Luranil. Wiener Ziegelwerke AG, 113 Kaolinfabrik Chlumpschau, 158 Zeiss-Ikon AG Dresden, 78 Kaolinwerke Ledetz, 158 Zeiss-Ikon Gortz¨ Berlin, 41 Karl Walter und Co. GmbH, 97 Zementwerke Malmeritz, 158 Karpathen-Ol¨ AG, 267, 271 Ziegelindustrie AG “Ziag” Wien, 113 Keramische Fabrik Tschemoschau, 158 Zuckerfabrik Hatschein, 158 Kofferfabrik Singer Klattau, 158 Compensation of Jewish forced laborers. See Kohlenbergwerk Gaya, 158 Wages of Jewish forced laborers. Kohlenbergwerk Midlowar, 158 Compulsory community. See Forced Krupp AG Essen, 265. See also Companies community. using forced labor, Bertha Werke. Concentration camps Kurmarkische¨ Zellwolle und Zellulose AG at Dachau, 108, 109 (Phrix-Werke) Wittenberge, 208, 209, Austrian research on, 105 210 control of by Inspectorate of Landwirtschaftliche Maschinenfabrik Concentration Camps/SS, xiv, 141, 142 Hofherr-Schrans, 158 deportation to, xxiii Luranil (I. G. Farben) Baugesellschaft expansion of, 228, 293 GmbH Ludwigshafen, 224. See also integration of labor camps into, 266, 272, Companies using forced labor, I. G. 273, 275, 287 Farben. massacre of prisoners in, 97 Markische¨ Elektrizitatswerke¨ AG, 209 relationship to forced labor, 3, 4, 98, 109, Markische¨ Stahlform-Werke Eberswalde, 120, 224, 265, 277 211 workshops in, 234, 265, 266, 272 Metallwerke Elektra GmbH Control of forced labor systems for Jews, xiv, Gummersbach, 70 xv Metrawatt AG Feinmechanische und by central authorities, 149 Optische Werke Nurnberg-Zweigwerk¨ by Gestapo, 16, 286 Lemberg, 267 by labor administration, xviii, 5, 30, 111, Mobelfabrik¨ Bolechow, 267 191, 195, 210, 240, 255, 274, 276, 281, Ober Birken Kaolinwerke, 158 282, 283, 293 Oberschlesische Hydrierwerke, 220, 228 by labor ofﬁces, 9, 70, 191, 236, 254, 273, Ostindustrie GmbH (Osti), 271 274, 282 Prager Eisen AG, 158 by local authorities, 7, 11, 149, 274, 278, Radiofabrik Jiskra, 158 281 Sagewerk¨ Kusy, 164 by municipal administrations (in ghettos), Sagewerk¨ Muller¨ & Sohne¨ Rothenburg, 71 195 Schott & Genossen Jena, 97 by Organisation Schmelt (SS), 284, 285 Schultz und Co. GmbH, 261, 263, 269 by Reich Autobahn authorities, xviii Siemens AG Berlin, 35, 41, 278, 290 by Reichsstatthalter in Posen, 129, 183, Siemens-Schuckert Werke AG Berlin, 15, 187, 191, 284 16, 183. See also Companies using by SD (SS), xvii, 259 forced labor, Siemens AG Berlin by SS, xiii, 191, 231, 273, 275, 281, 283, Straßenbaugesellschaft Kemna-Lenz 293 GmbH, 36 failure of SS in, 266, 267 Sudb¨ ohmische¨ Elektrizitatswerke,¨ 158 interference in, 282 Teerag-Asdag AG, 125 lack of uniformity in, 238, 239 Vereinigte Nordhauser¨ parallel operation of by SS and labor Kautabakfabriken-Hanewacker Co., 42 administration, 282

300 Index of Subjects

Control of forced labor systems (cont.) from Protectorate, 146, 169 struggle over in GG, 239 from Wartheland, 178 transfer of to SS, xviii, 261, 283 negative effect of on production, 20, 21, transfer of from SS to labor 263, 278 administration, 240, 241, 242, 243, 281 of Austrian Jews, 122, 129, 134, 279 transfer of from Wehrmacht to SS, 266 effects on forced labor by preparations for, Cooperation/Collaboration 70, 81, 281 among multiple interests, 21, 112, 282, postponement of, 148, 181 294, 295 resumption of, 25, 26, 76, 186, 191 among multiple agencies and companies, to annexed territories, 277 21, 25, 26, 116, 290 to East, 161, 169, 170, 173 among SS, Security Police, and civilian to foreign-language-speaking Gau, 146, administration, 235, 236 177, 178 between Gestapo and labor to ghettos, 166, 169 administration, 120, 136 to GG, 131 between Gestapo and local authorities, 39, to Poland, 14, 37, 66, 177 133 Der Geschlossene Arbeitseinsatz. See between Gestapo and private industry, 79 Segregated labor deployment. between labor administration and private “Destruction through work,” 291, 292 industry, 39 Deutscher Gemeindetag. See German between labor administration and RSHA, Council of Municipalities. 14, 15 Division of labor principle in persecution. between labor administration and SD, 130, See Anti-Jewish Policy. 239, 240 between labor administration and SS, 256, Economic and Administrative Main Office of 283 SS (WVHA), 209, 210, 222, 228, 259, between SS and Wehrmacht, 260, 267, 262, 264, 270, 272 283, 291 Economic interests lack of by SS, 244, 246, 249, 250, 257 conflict of with anti-Jewish persecutory Court decisions, discriminatory, 13, 14 policy, 156, 157, 191, 206, 261, 263, Craftsmen. See Jewish skilled workers. 265, 266, 272 importance of forced labor for, x, xviii, Decrees on forced labor 157, 261, 274, 275, 277, 289, 290, 291, codifying special employment status of 293 Jews (October 3, 1941), 19, 20, 22, 131, influence of on deportation and 170, 180, 187, 277, 288 extermination, 201, 256, 259, 260, 275, on segregated labor deployment 291, 293, 294 (December 20, 1938), 11, 30, 31, 144, See also Labor market and Labor 277 shortages. See also Table of Decrees on Forced Labor. Emigration of Jews Deportations, 132, 225, 226 preparation for, 44, 46, 47, 118 conclusion of, 26, 27, 28, 79, 80, 91 prevention of, 144, 159 exemptions from, xvii, 24, 131, 271, reduction of means for, xxiii, 3 278 See also Expulsion. failure of plans for, 8, 9, 121, 122, 123, Ernahrungs-¨ und Wirtschaftsamt “Ghetto.” 129, 153, 182, 214, 274, 281, 284 See Ghetto food and economic office. for extermination, 194, 212, 227, 258, Estates, SS-run, 245 (Lublin), 267 (Galicia) 262, 270 Ethnic German self-defense corps, 235, 236, from annexed territories, 121, 122, 178, 244, 245, 251 180, 232, 250, 251 Exclusion of Jews from eastern Upper Silesia, 226 from associations, 145 from Germany, 22, 210, 211 from education, xxi, xxiv, 151

Index of Subjects 301

from employment, trade, and professions, Forced community (Zwangsgemeinschaft), xvi, xx, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, 143, 148, 149, xxiv, 5, 19, 28, 39, 112, 131, 135, 160, 172, 214, 276, 280 277 from military service and Reich Labor Forced laborers Service, xxii concentration camp prisoners, ix, 97, 165, from organizations influencing public 197, 209, 210, 228 opinion, 145 elderly Jews, 70, 71, 127, 135, 164 from public life, 143, 145 foreign workers, 8, 131, 132, 201, 204, under racial laws, xxii, xxiii 227, 236, 278 See also Anti-Jewish policy and incapacitated Jews, 17 Restrictions affecting Jews. Jewish women, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 41, Expropriation of Jewish property, xxiii, 43, 81, 127, 130, 163, 164, 165, 166, xxiv, 62, 66, 145, 147, 162, 169, 236, 168, 169, 172, 180, 189, 222, 225, 249, 276 280 Expulsion of Jews prisoners of war, 91, 98, 130, 132, 184, acceleration by force, 5 185, 187, 188, 205, 217, 222, 247, as goal of persecution, xvi, xvii, xx, xxiv, 249 3, 44, 112, 120, 146 young Jews, 15, 118, 130, 135, 151, 164, failure of policy of, 8, 30 190 forcing, 3, 144 “Free workers,” 98, 100, 101, 242 through emigration, xxiv, 110 as Jewish labor classification, 243, 255 See also Anti-Jewish policy and as opposed to “not free” eastern Jewish Emigration. laborers, 206 transfer of to Janowska by SS, 266 Fabrik-Aktion, xvii, 27, 28, 29, 79, 89, 210, wages for, 242 278, 291. See also Raids. Fuhrer’s¨ road, 142, 196, 197, 206, 212. See Fabrik-Aktion, second, 95, 96, 99 also Autobahn camps. Factory labor camps, 208, 271 Fees. See Wage deductions, discriminatory. Gas vans, 190, 208 “Final solution” of Jewish problem, 85, 126 General Commissioner for Labor Utilization Fitness-to-work examinations, 28, 118, 154, (Generalbevollmachtigter¨ fur¨ den 155, 158, 164, 165, 167, 172, 256, Arbeitseinsatz), 92, 94, 101, 265 265 Generalbevollmachtigter¨ fur¨ den by Jewish physicians, 200 Arbeitseinsatz. See General for women, 166 Commissioner for Labor Utilization. performed by Jewish community, 166 General Inspector for German Roadway proof of for Jews, 4 System (Generalinspektor fur¨ das See also Selection of Jewish forced Deutsche Straßenwesen), 196, 197 laborers. Generalinspektor fur¨ das Deutsche Food (rations) for Jewish forced laborers Straßenwesen. See General Inspector for excluding supplements for heavy labor, German Roadway System. 122, 123 General Local Health Insurance Provider improvement in to increase productivity, (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse), 52, 207 190 German Council of Municipalities inadequacy of, 42, 60, 82, 162, 189, 190, (Deutscher Gemeindetag), xxi, xxii, 23, 223, 252, 287 24, 84 in Autobahn camps compared to ghetto, German Labor Front (DAF), 76, 115, 184 201 Der Geschlossene Arbeitseinsatz. See lack of, 245, 252, 253, 283 Segregated labor deployment. in smaller amounts than for Poles 186 Ghetto food and economic office supplements to for heavy labor, 123, 126 (Ernahrungs-¨ und Wirtschaftsamt See also Living conditions. “Ghetto”) (Litzmannstadt), 181, 182

302 Index of Subjects

Ghettos plans to address, 9, 147 as labor ghettos (“Jewish camps”), 268, resulting from anti-Jewish policy, xvi, 274, 270 276 as source of labor, 180, 195, 199 severity of in Austria, 110, 136 closings of, 194, 227, 260, 269, 270 See also Anti-Jewish policy and concentration of Jews in (“ghettoization”), Unemployment of Jews. xxiii, xxiv, 5, 161, 162, 177 Infrastructure modernization, role of forced control of by municipal administration, labor in, 106, 122, 123, 136, 217, 249, 181, 182, 282 274, 277, 279, 282, 291. See also Otto deportation from, 162, 261 Program. establishment of, 151, 161, 162, 169, 180, IKG. See Viennese Jewish Religious 181, 183, 251, 274, 283 Community. transfer of control of from municipal Israelitische Kulturgemeinde (IKG). See administration to SS, 266 Viennese Jewish Religious Community. work outside, 181, 192, 193, 282 workshops in, 186, 192, 251, 253, 254, “Jewish camps.” See Ghettos, as labor 261, 274, 275, 282, 284 ghettos. self-government of, 180, 181 Jewish communities, 165 uprisings in, 90, 269, 270 as suppliers of Jewish forced labor, 153, Guarding of labor camps and ghettos, 72, 155, 156, 180, 216, 220 76, 81, 98, 99, 100, 101, 120, 126, 203, as social assistance organizations, 54, 143, 210, 219, 224, 242, 245, 263, 267 156, 157, 158, 163, 173, 207 Guidelines depletion of resources of, 238 for reintegration of Jewish professionals, establishment of labor camps by, 151, 157 152 for use of Jews as forced labor, 154, 155, provision of social assistance to camps by, 156, 241, 242 79, 151, 199, 206, 240 for elimination of Jewish workers supervision of home workers’ work by, (Himmler), 266 164 on evacuating Jews, 21 under Central Ofﬁce (SS) control, 148 Gypsies, 33, 66, 89, 93, 178 use of for recruitment, 12, 147, 148 See also Jewish councils and Jewish “Half-Jews.” See Mischlinge. Religious Association. HASAG. See Companies using forced labor, Jewish councils Hugo Schneider AG. control of by Kreis- and Health insurance for Jewish forced laborers Stadthauptmanner,¨ 240, 241 elimination of, 52, 53, 206, 237, 248 depletion of resources of, 256 lack of, 208 establishment of, 178, 232, 233 See also Beneﬁts for Jewish forced laborers exclusion of from provision of laborers, and Social insurance for Jewish forced 242 laborers. intervention of for Jewish laborers, 237, Humiliation rituals, 105, 230 244, 245, 252 work in cleaning columns, 108, 136 loss of control by (in ghetto), 192 participation in scouring groups providing for ghetto by, 253, 282 (Reibeparteien), 107, 108, 136 provision of forced laborers by, 180, 216, punishment work, 108, 292 232, 239, 244, 255 payment/receipt of workers wages or fees Impoverishment of Jews by, 162, 238, 239, 248 and deterioration of social support system, workshops of in Lemburg, 258 126, 127, 143 See also Jewish communities and Jewish as reason for Jewish forced labor, 4, Religious Association. 281 Jewish forced labor from unemployment, 172, 237, 280 importance of for war, 271, 290, 291

Index of Subjects 303

as element of persecution, 3, 182, 281, Jewish reservation, 235 289 Jewish skilled workers (craftsmen) as protection against extermination, 282, closing of Lemberg residential quarter for, 288, 291, 292, 293 266 based on German model, 293 exemptions from deportation/ central planning for, xvii, 3, 5, 183 extermination for, 291 dependence on, 290 high proportion of, 236, 256, 263 depletion of, 127, 128, 164, 165, 170, importance of for economy, 225, 257, 262, 198 265, 270 establishment of in GG, 231, 233, 281 group rental of, 222 expansion of, 11, 111, 135, 153, 158, 165, use of in industry, xviii, 12, 30, 156, 157, 182, 183, 189, 190, 290 265 local establishment of, 149 Jewish Social Institute (Judisches¨ Soziales replacement of in GG armaments Institut), 143 production, 263, 264 Jewish unskilled laborers, 11, 12, 30, 157, statistics on, 17, 18, 128, 135, 157, 158, 167, 222 165, 166, 170, 188, 189 Jewish welfare offices, 40, 59 See also Anti-Jewish policy. Gestapo representative of, 11, 15, 16, 25, Jewish forced labor, use of 31 by private enterprise, 183, 184, 199, Jews in mixed marriages 283 assignment of to manual labor, 28, 89 by municipal administrations for public discriminatory practices against, 91 projects, 13, 110 deportation of, 27, 29, 85, 135, 136 by Wehrmacht, 230 exemptions for, 86, 88, 89, 137 for armaments production, xviii, 137, 163, forced labor of, xvii, 30, 93, 94, 136, 168, 167, 209, 212, 220, 222, 225, 259, 263, 171, 172, 278, 279 265, 266, 278 in labor and residential camps, 67 for brick production, 113 segregated labor deployment of, 28, 134 for hydraulic projects, xv, 7, 33, 36, 37, 39, treated like “full Jews,” 161, 170, 171 40, 51, 114, 115, 246, 252, 256 standard wages for for mining, 167, 168, 171 “judenfrei” status, 77, 131, 181, 192, 270 for personal services, 247 “judenrein” status. See “judenfrei” status. for railway construction, 152, 249 Judenvermittlungsstelle. See Office for for road work, 7, 8, 113, 132, 142, 150, placement of Jews. 153, 165, 185, 191, 248, 249, 256, 261, Judische¨ Kulturvereinigung. See Jewish 274, 275 Religious Association. for snow and ice removal, 9, 13, 30, 133, Judisches¨ Soziales Institut. See Jewish Social 142, 152, 153, 167, 235 Institute. for waste management, 13, 28, 30, 135, “Judisch¨ Versippte.” See Persons related to 136, 153, 165, 277 Jews by marriage. for Wehrmacht clothing production, 225, 263, 265, 291 Katzmann report, 270 in agriculture and forestry, 48, 54, 55, 56, Kreishauptmanner¨ (Kreishauptleute), 234, 58, 81, 133, 136, 151, 154, 156, 163, 236, 239, 240, 242, 244, 251, 258, 166, 168, 170, 274, 286 282 in industry, 12, 13, 123, 132, 155, 166, Kristallnacht. See November pogrom. 167, 172, 222, 275, 280 in construction, 6, 7, 8, 111, 136, 158, 163, Labor and residential camps, 61, 63, 71, 74, 164, 166, 170 286 Jewish labor offices, 240, 242, 244, 254, 262 control of by Gestapo, 62, 78, 218 Jewish Religious Association, 13. See also dilapidated housing in, 67, 68, 82 Jewish communities and Jewish dismantling of, 74, 75, 76, 77 councils. deportations from, 77, 78, 82

304 Index of Subjects

Labor and residential camps (cont.) Labor market establishment of, 65, 66, 81, 82 labor administration responsibility for, 5 housing of families in, 62, 66, 286 control of Jews’ access to, xiii, 112, 120 lack of food in, 73, 74 in Austria, 106, 129 locations of, 63, 65 Jewish labor as factor in, 8, 236, 237, 239, recruitment for, 69, 70 263 regulations in, 71, 72 requirements of, xvii, xviii Labor camps for German Jews, 34 See also Economic interests and Labor closing of, 37 shortages. cost reductions in, 57 Labor shortages, 110 development of, 278 as impetus for forced labor, x, 183, 187, for segregated labor deployment, 37, 285, 226, 227, 242, 274, 276, 277, 281 286 conflict of with ideology, 76, 206, 212 locations of, 36, 37 easing of with foreign Jews, 4, 265 to perform short-term building projects, effects of on extermination plans, 34 291 organized by labor administration, 32 from war mobilizations, 9 Labor camps for Austrian Jews (in Austria), from withdrawal of non-Jewish Polish 105, 134, 287 workers, 236, 259 locations of, 124 in unskilled construction work, 123, 204, Labor camps for Austrian Jews (in 245, 246 Germany), 134, 287 of skilled workers, 12, 157 locations of, 117 See also Economic interests and Labor Labor camps of SS in Austria, 287 market. locations of, 124 Labor status of Jewish forced laborers Labor camps in Galicia and GG, 287, 288 as codified special employment closings of, 270 classification, 20, 288 Labor contracts, 115, 137, 202, 216 without employment classification or as collective agreements between formal labor category, 8, 53, 54 Reichsvereinigung and municipalities, need for definition of, 8, 11, 12, 128 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 81, 286 viewed as special labor category, 8, 13 as collective agreements between labor “Lazy Jew” stereotype, xvi, 107, 233, 242, office and municipalities, 59, 60 255 as group arrangements, 213, 228 Leistungsakkordpramien.¨ See Bonuses, per omitted in arrangement for ghetto performance agreements. workers, 199 Living conditions, harsh with individual “free workers,” 81, 243, as cause of forced labor deaths, 292 279, 286 for women in labor camps, 41, 42 See also Rental arrangements for Jewish for non-Jewish forced laborers, 289 laborers. in ghettos, 200, 201, 251, 253, 254 Labor law, special in labor camps, 38, 60, 79, 81, 98, 99, codification of, 22, 131, 187, 279 193, 210, 216, 223, 228, 245, 248, 252, de facto evolution of, 7, 31, 81, 137, 142, 253, 271, 285, 288 277 worsening of, 81, 82 discrimination against Jews under, xxii, See also Mortality rates, high, and Food. 12, 39, 116, 128 Lump-sum fees. See Rental arrangements for exclusion of eastern Jews from, 200, Jewish laborers. 286 loss of benefits under in annexed eastern Marking of Jews, xxiii, 125, 145, 150, 151, territories, 152, 170, 171, 173, 187 159, 160, 232, 289 wartime changes in, 9, 10, 238 using “J” in passports, 148 See also Labor status of Jews and Decrees. rejection of, 130

Index of Subjects 305

with armbands, 159, 179 Narodni Arijeka´ Kulturni Jednotav. See with white stars, 224 National Aryan Cultural Association. with Stars of David, 19, 87, 150, 160, 161, National Aryan Cultural Association 180 (Narodni Arijeka´ Kulturni Jednotav), See also Segregation of Jews. 150 Mass murder, 190, 194, 255, 269 November pogrom (Kristallnacht, November acceleration of, 194, 211, 261, 273 1938), ix, xvi, xvii, xxiii, xxiv, 5, 30, 34, based on fitness-to-work determination, 45, 81, 83, 84, 112, 132, 136, 277, 279, 283 293 construction of facilities for, 257 Nuremberg laws, 84, 145, 148, 280 exemptions from, xviii, 259, 269, 275 rationale for in 1941, 290 Oberste Bauleitung der Reichsautobahnen Ministerium fur¨ soziale und (OBR). See Autobahn construction Gesundheitsverwaltung. See Ministry management headquarters, in Berlin. for Social and Health Administration. Office for placement of Jews (Vienna), 112, Ministry for Social and Health 130 Administration (Ministerium fur¨ soziale “Ohne Hoffnung weiter,” 220 und Gesundheitsverwaltung), 144, 154, Orders. See Decrees. 155, 158, 163 Organisation Todt (OT), 89, 90, 219, 252, Mischlinge 278, 286, 291 compensatory payments to, 99 Osti. See Companies using forced labor, discriminatory practices against, 84, 87, Ostindustrie GmbH. 91, 94, 95 Otto Program, 184, 185, 217, 248, 249. See deportation of, 100 also Infrastructure modernization, role exclusion of from military service, 85, 87 of forced labor in. exemption of from deportation, 87, 88, 89, 101 Persons related to Jews by marriage (judisch¨ exemption of from forced labor, 84, 99 Versippte), 83, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, forced community plan for, 88 95, 99, 101, 102 forced labor of, xvii, 83, 90, 92, 93, 94, Phrix Werke. See Companies using forced 97, 98, 102, 172, 278, 279, 286 labor, Kurmarkische¨ Zellwolle und in camps, 82, 96, 101, 287 Zellulose AG. military service of, 84, 85, 88, 90, 92, 94, Prisoner-of-war camps, 254, 257 101 Profits from forced labor camps plans for forced sterilization of, 86, 87, 90, to Autobahn authorities and OT, 220 101 to local communities and institutions, 40, policy discussions regarding status of, 84, 41, 82 87 to private companies, 204, 283 racial classification of, 84, 85, 86, 92, 99 to SS, 228, 275 research on, 83 Prohibitions. See Restrictions affecting Jews. segregated labor deployment of, 95, 101, Property Transfer Office 102 (Vermogensverkehrstelle)¨ (Vienna), social support of, 84 111 special labor battalions/groups for, 89, 90, 91, 100, 101 “Quarter-Jews.” See Mischlinge. use of for OT service, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 101 Racial superiority, SS belief in, 244 See also Sonderkommando J. Raids, 79, 108, 109, 217, 226, 230, 244 Mortality rates, high with authorization, 245, 246 in ghettos, 182, 189 without authorization, 244, 255, 256, 257, in labor camps, 74, 225, 286, 292 274 See also Living conditions, harsh. See also Fabrik-Aktion.

306 Index of Subjects

Rations. See Food. report of on camps, 75 Recruitment of Jewish laborers, 16, 135, 137, support for Jewish forced laborers by, 58, 172, 187, 189, 226, 234 69 Registration of Jews, 9, 28, 127, 182, 255 See also Reichsvereinigung retraining for war service, 142 camps. for deportation, 147, 161, 178 Reichsvereinigung retraining camps, 43, 49, for labor deployment when unemployed, 286 5, 7, 117, 119, 153, 163, 165, 172, 198, administration of by Reichsvereinigung, 200, 279 14, 46, 47 for forced labor in GG, 231, 232, 233, 236, administration of by forestry offices, 237, 242, 250, 251, 258, 268 59 resistance to, 112, 243, 244, 254 age breakdown of workers in, 50, 51 Reich Association of Jews in Germany. See closing of, 40, 41, 45, 57, 58, 79, 80, Reichsvereinigung der Juden in 81 Deutschland. control of by RSHA and Gestapo, 42, 52, Reich Autobahn Directorates, 197, 202, 204, 81 208, 209, 212. See also Autobahn deportations from, 78 construction management headquarters. instruction and social activities at, 56 Reich Institute for Labor Placement and lack of training in, 50, 55 Unemployment Insurance (Reichsanstalt locations of, 50 fur¨ Arbeitsvermittlung und relationship to segregated labor Arbeitslosenversicherung), 4, 6, 30, 34, deployment, 47 110, 111, 277 removal of Reichsvereinigung from Reich Commissar for Reunification of administration of, 57, 58, 59, 60 Austria with German Reich transfers among, 51 (Reichskommissar fur¨ transformation of into labor camps, 75, Wiedervereinigung Osterreichs¨ mit den 76, 78 Deutschen Reich), 106 work performed at, 47, 48, 55, 56, 81 Reich Insurance Agency See also Reichsvereinigung der Juden in (Reichsversicherungsamt), 206 Deutschland and Reichsvereinigung Reich Labor Service, 238 training estates. Reich Labor Service camps, 67, 82 Reichsvereinigung training estates, 44, 45, Reichsanstalt fur¨ Arbeitsvermittlung und 46 Arbeitslosenversicherung (RAfAA). See as agricultural training sites, 44 Reich Institute for Labor Placement and lease of, 47, 56, 58 Unemployment Insurance. sale and lease-back of, 46 Reichskommissar fur¨ Wiedervereinigung compared to self-supporting estates in Osterreichs¨ mit den Deutschen Reich. Austria, 47 See Reich Commissar for Reunification See also Reichsvereinigung retraining of Austria with German Reich. camps. Reichstreuhander¨ der Arbeit. See Reich Reichsversicherungsamt. See Reich Insurance Trustee of Labor. Agency. Reichstreuhander¨ fur¨ den Offentlichen¨ Reichsvertretung, 45 Dienst. See Reich Trustee for Public Reich Trustee for Public Service Service. (Reichstreuhander¨ fur¨ den Offentlichen¨ Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland Dienst), 23, 24 (Reich Association of Jews in Germany), Reich Trustee of Labor (Reichstreuhander¨ xxiv, 26, 197 der Arbeit), 39, 115, 125, 128 exclusion of Polish Jews from membership Rental arrangements for Jewish laborers 193 in, 206 with labor administration, 195, 228, 284 intervention of for Jewish forced laborers, with Schmelt Organisation, 220, 222, 229, 29, 69, 197, 207 284, 285

Index of Subjects 307

with SS in GG, 195, 262, 283 Utilization of Foreign Nationals as with SS WVHA for concentration camp Labor in Upper Silesia. prisoners, 223, 262 Segregated labor deployment (Der See also Labor contracts and Wages of Geschlossene Arbeitseinsatz), 3, 31 Jewish forced laborers. and public support, 4, 5, 38 Reorganization as applied to non-Jewish workers, 289 of forced labor camp system, 57, 75, 81 as “free” worker placement, 98, 243 of forced labor for Jews in mixed as Gestapo front for transports, 29, 30 marriages, 28, 134, 135 as mobilization of labor potential, 294 Resettlement. See Deportations. as model for forced labor, xvii, 280, 288, Restrictions affecting Jews 289 causing loss of voting rights, 145 Austrian model for, 8, 105, 106, 136, 137, on changing residences, 179, 180 278, 279 on eating, 41 beginnings of, xvii, 8 on economic activity, 153 camps for, 7, 81, 199, 218 on freedom of movement, 38, 39, 42, 130, conditions under, xiv, 200 148, 151, 160, 233, 286 definition of, ix on hospital admission, 207 end of in Germany, 210 on leaving camp, 39, 41, 45, 52, 61, 71, expansion of, 9, 11, 12, 123, 153, 280 72, 82, 99, 101, 125, 134, 287 lack of indemnification for, xv, xvi, on owning firearms, 146 288 on shopping hours, 150 organized by labor administration, 9, 31, on use of public establishments and 47, 80, 118, 196, 218, 277 facilities, xxi, xxii, 145, 149, 159 regulations for, 6, 154, 187 See also Exclusion of Jews. requirements for, 57, 58 Retraining. See Training, vocational sources on Retraining camps in Austria (Viennese supervision of by Gestapo, 155 Central Office for Jewish Emigration of statistics on, 14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, SD), 137, 279, 287 131 closing of, 129 variants of in eastern territories, 149, 150, administration of by Viennese Jewish 181, 240, 280, 281, 285 Religious Community, 118, 126, 136, under individual contracts, 277 137 Segregation of Jews, 110, 156, 260 administration of by forestry as anti-Jewish policy, xxii, xxiv, 112, 120, administration, 118 232 location of, 119 as prerequisite to deportation, 131 Retraining camps of SS (Austria), 126, 137, by concentration in “Jewish houses,” xxiv, 287 66, 91, 159 by concentration in separate residential Schmelt forced-labor system, 217, 218, 222, areas, xxiii, 5, 26, 62, 151, 161, 162, 223, 275, 282, 286, 287 177, 266, 267 camp network of, 228, 285 by placement in labor camps, 33, 34, 81, camp hierarchy, 224 156, 233, 268 closing of camps, 224, 225, 227 in separate work columns, x, 6, 30, 34, distribution of Polish Jews by, 285 112, 114, 120, 136, 163, 188, 232, 278, diversion of wages by, 76, 220, 284 280 elimination of wages in, 223 in workplaces, 6, 111, 154 recruiting by, 217 not strictly enforced, 150, 172 registration of Jews for, 216 with goal of social isolation, xvii, xxiii, workshops of, 220, 227 145, 157, 278, 294 See also Autobahn camps and Special See also Anti-Jewish policy, Ghettos, and Commissioner of Reichsfuhrer¨ SS for Marking of Jews.

308 Index of Subjects

Selection of Jewish forced laborers “head taxes” for losses from Jewish according to fitness to work, 258, 283 resettlement, 69 by Jewish community, 155 social equalization taxes, 17, 40, 152 by labor offices, 256, 275 special taxes, 289 for extermination, 262 wage taxes, 267, 289 in Schmelt camps, 226, 286 See also Wage deductions, discriminatory. multi-agency/multi-company cooperation Training, vocational, 44 in, 278 cancellation of, 60, 130 See also Fitness-to-work examinations. financed by forced labor, 19 Social insurance for Jewish forced laborers in agriculture for emigration, 118, 151, 152 elimination of, 267, 281 Jews’ need for, 46, 47 lack of, 53, 242 of skilled workers, 225 provision of, 59, 125 of replacements for Jewish craftsmen, 264 paying for without receiving, 248 provision of by Reichsvereinigung, 58 See also Benefits for Jewish forced laborers reduction of funds for, 58 and Health insurance for Jewish forced Training estate at Linden, 152 laborers. Transfer of Jewish forced laborers Soviet Union as source of slave labor 290 among camps in Schmelt sytem, 223 Sonderbeauftragter des Reichsfuhrers¨ der SS from Autobahn camps to armaments fur¨ fremdvolkischen¨ Arbeitseinsatz in work, 208, 209, 212, 222 Oberschlesien. See Special from labor camps to concentration camps, Commissioner of Reichsfuhrer¨ SS for 228, 264, 270, 271 Utilization of Foreign Nationals as to external camp sites, 8, 31, 34, 137, 253, Labor in Upper Silesia. 279 Sonderkommando J, 100. See also to industry, 59, 209 Mischlinge. Transfer of Jewish forced laborers, Special Commissioner of Reichsfuhrer¨ SS for interregional, 8, 29, 59, 75, 117, 129, Utilization of Foreign Nationals as 130, 168, 269 Labor in Upper Silesia ban on by Hitler, 130, 185, 201, 202 (Sonderbeauftragter des Reichsfuhrers¨ from Austrian to German camps, 112, 113, der SS fur¨ fremdvolkischen¨ 114, 115, 279, 287 Arbeitseinsatz in Oberschlesien), 220, from Poland to Reich, 196, 201, 202, 275, 223, 275, 286 291 appointment of, 216, 284 involvement of labor administration in, assumption of control by, 217, 218, 285 275 violations of Hitler’s ban on, 202, 291 camps withdrawn from, 228 end of career of, 228 Unemployment of Jews expansion of control by, 199, 212, 223, as basis for forced labor, 6, 112, 118, 279, 226, 227 281 peak of power of, 227 as consequence of anti-Jewish policy, xvi, See also Schmelt forced-labor system. 143, 274, 276 SS organization growth of, 113, 122, 214 corruption of, 249 need for social assistance due to, 110, 111, mission of, 249 136, 148, 149, 153, 157, 237, 277, 280 SS Organisation Schmelt. See Schmelt resulting in exclusion from social support, forced-labor system. 236 Stadthauptmanner,¨ 238, 240, 241, 244, 247, See also Anti-Jewish policy and 248 Impoverishment of Jews.

Taxes on Jewish forced laborers, 199 Vermogensverkehrstelle.¨ See Property anti-Jewish tax on income (Austria) Transfer Ofﬁce.

Index of Subjects 309

Viennese Jewish Religious Community payment of to ghetto account, 187, (Israelitische Kulturgemeinde), 118, 126, 199 127, 128, 129, 131 redirection of to controlling agency, 76, employees of, 131, 133 254, 267, 283 liquidation of, 134 reduction of, 22, 23, 24, 125, 126, 152, provision of forced laborers by, 133 156, 171, 173, 195 recruitment by, 119 replacement of by bonuses, 54 social support from, 52, 123 replacement of by group rental systems, Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz. See Ethnic 195, 284 German self-defense corps. used to finance ghettos, 220 See also Bonuses, Rental arrangements for Wage deductions, discriminatory, 40, 187, Jewish laborers, and Wage level 204, 270 determination for Jewish forced camp costs, 52, 53, 54 laborers. costs for camp repairs, 67 Wannsee Conference, 24, 86 fees for administrative expenses, 69 Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt der fees for family maintenance, 262 SS (WVHA). See Economic and fees for worker maintenance, 262, 267 Administrative Main Office of SS. fees for food, 76, 126, 199 Work performance rent for housing, 68, 69, 82 as affected by exhaustion, 191, 192 “social charges,” 199. See also Taxes on as reason for continued employment Jewish forced laborers. 168 Wage level determination for Jewish forced inadequacy of, 29, 115, 125, 193 laborers, 13 linkage of to wage level, 17, 23, 76, at set minimum wages, 12, 17, 81, 122, 156 125 negative effect of incapacitated workers by exclusion from contractual wage scales, on, 17 128 relationship of to food, 74, 182, 190, 191, by special wage scale, 39, 40, 240, 243 252, 262 by proposed special wage scale, 115 repressive measures for when poor, 190, by standard wage scale, 23, 24, 52, 54, 57, 191, 251 59, 81, 156, 182 See also Food (rations) for Jewish forced without wage scale, 56 laborers. without observing minimum wages, 284 WVHA. See Economic and Administrative See also Wages of Jewish forced laborers. Main Office of SS. Wages of Jewish forced laborers as reimbursement, 81 Zentralstelle fur¨ judische¨ Auswanderung elimination of, 262, 283 (Prag). See Central Office for Jewish inadequacy of, 7, 17, 33, 98, 127, 204, Emigration in Prague. 220, 247, 248, 252, 253, 287 Zentralstelle fur¨ judische¨ Auswanderung in government share certificates, 171 (Wien). See Office for Jewish Emigration intervention to prevent reduction of, 40 in Vienna. lack of, 43, 52, 118, 137, 191, 235, 237, Ziag. See Companies using forced labor, 242, 256, 274, 283 Ziegelindustrie AG “Ziag.” need for clarification of, 241 Zwangsarbeitslager. See Schmelt forced-labor payment of to community collective fund, camps. 200, 204 Zwangsgemeinschaft. See Forced community.

Index of Persons

Adler, H.G., xi Fischl, Rudolf, xv Forster (Wehrmacht Senior Quartermaster), Bach, Werner, 96 263 Balzer, Erich, 93 Frank, Hans, 231, 257, 269 Bamberg, Herbert, 97 Frank, Karl Hermann, 141, 151, 159–160, Barkai, Avraham, xi 161 Baur, Gerhard, 96 Frauendorfer, Max, 239–241, 245, 247, 259 Bayerl (Zlın´ district administrator), 149 Frick, Wilhelm, 160, 177 Bechtoldt (Entrepreneur in Kelkheim), 7 Becker, Gunter,¨ 97 Gartner,¨ Friedrich, 108, 110–111, 112–113, Biebow, Hans, 181, 189 118, 119, 136 Bloch, Klaus, 96 Gerlach, Christian, 260 Blumenstein, Georg, 97 Gerteis, Adolf, 264 Bock,¨ Malvine, 135 Gimpel, Abel, 230 Bohme,¨ Horst, 160, 161, 162 Globocznik, Odilo, xiii, 234, 235, 244, 246, Bormann, Martin, 85, 88, 90 249, 257, 265, 271, 273 von Brauchitsch, Walther, 178 Goebbels, Joseph, 89, 90–91, 101, 160, 291 Breitkreuz, Gunther,¨ 97 Goldhagen, Daniel J., x Briesemeister, Arthur, 96 Goring,¨ Hermann, xvii, xxiv, 45–46, 92, Browning, Christopher, xii, 182, 253, 260, 108, 120, 136, 177, 183, 201, 260 292 Graf, Wilhelm, 7 Budy, Kurt, 97 Greiser, Arthur, 180, 182, 183, 185, 194, Burckel,¨ Josef, 106, 110–111, 112, 113, 196, 201 120–121 Groß, Walter, 86 Byk, Dietrich, 96 Gschließer (General Governor’s office), 248–249 Cahn, Mathilde, 12 Gunther,¨ Hans, 168 Cahn, Robert, 12, 16 Conti, Leonardo, 85, 99 Hacha,´ Emil, 141, 161 Hartmann (SS officer in Lublin), 257 Darre,´ Richard Walther, 54 Heine (Lublin district official), 235 Drechsel (mayor of Petrikau), 180 Heydrich, Reinhard, xxii, 3, 21, 45, 46, 85, 86–87, 109, 144, 146, 161, 162, 169, 170, Eckart (city commissioner Tarnow), 238 177–178, 232 Eichmann, Adolf, 21, 78, 109, 110, 119, 120, Hilberg, Raul, xi 121, 126–127, 146–147, 161, 169 Himmler, Heinrich, 29, 90, 91, 95, 99, 101, Elias,ˇ Alois, 141, 142, 161 121, 148, 177, 178, 183, 192, 194, 200, 210, 214, 220, 228, 235, 240, 259, 260, Felix, Ruth, 151 261, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270, 278, 284, Ferencz, Benjamin, xvi 291

311

312 Index of Persons

Hitler, Adolf, ix, 3, 14, 25, 76–77, 85, 86, 87, Opitz, Walter, 125 90–92, 94, 101, 106, 108, 121, 130, 142, 146, 160, 161, 177, 185, 202, 206, 227, Parnes, Jozef, 258 235, 257, 265, 275, 277, 278, 291, Pohl, Oswald, 209, 264–265, 270–271 294 Hofle,¨ Hermann, 258 Rafelsberger, Walter, 111 Holland, Ernst, 16, 25 Rei, Elias, 251 Hollitscher, Hedy, 108 Reuter, Fritz, 258 Rosenberg, Arthur, 255 Jacoby, Heinz, 59 Rosenberg, Heinz, 38 Jezek, Josef, 125 Rosenkranz, Herbert, xii Rumkowski, Mordechai Chaim, 181 Kahn, Walter, 59 Kaienburg, Hermann, x Sauckel, Fritz, 92–93, 95, 101, 265 Kaiser (Lublin district official), 235 Scherner, Julian, 269 Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 89–90, 92, 95, 101, Schiffer (mayor of Lodz), 181 255–256, 269 Schindler, Max, 259 Katzmann, Friedrich, 255–256, 258, Schmelt, Albrecht, 216–217, 220, 226, 228, 261–262, 266, 270 275, 285 Keitel, Wilhelm, 85, 86, 89, 91, 263 Schonberg,¨ Rudolf, 223 Klemperer, Victor, 28, 79 Schonleben,¨ Eduard, 202 Koch, Karl Otto, 257 Schriesheimer, Hugo, ix, 294 Kolmar, Gertrud, xiv Schubin (Altburgund District Commissar), Krainer (Lublin district official), 235 192 Krause (Leer hydraulic construction office Schulte, Jan Erik, 272 employee), 114 Schultz, B.K., 90 Kruger,¨ Answald, 98 Sierakowiak, Dawid, 200 Kruger,¨ Friedrich, 231, 233, 240, 245, 259, Slawik, Alfred, 126 264, 265, 269 Smagon, Albert, 224 Kruger,¨ Helmut, 98 Specht (SS officer in Krakau), 268 Krurup (Siemens employee), 41 Speer, Albert, 62, 89, 194, 264–265 Kufner (carpenter in Neugedein), 164 Spiegel, Marga, xiv Kwiet, Konrad, xi Stahlecker, Franz Walther, 144 Steinbacher, Sybille, 285 Lammers, Hans Heinrich, 86, 159–160 Streckenbach, Bruno, 239 Landre,´ Berta, 171 Stuckart, Wilhelm, 85, 86, 87, 88, 145–146, Lasch, Karl, 256 160 Lautrich, Rudolf, 193 Syrup, Friedrich, 6, 14, 177 Lischka, Kurt, 46 Losener,¨ Bernhard, 21, 141–142 Tidow, Walter, 238–239 Lustig, Walter, 206 Todt, Fritz, 183, 196–197, 198 Turk,¨ Richard, 235 Magier, Itla, 51 Manheimer, Max, 150 Uebelhor,¨ Friedrich, 179, 180–181 Marder, Karl, 186 Matthaus,¨ Jurgen,¨ 293 Walcher, Robert, 126 Muller,¨ Heinrich, 121, 125, 146 Walter, Margarete, 40 Muth (Lublin district official), 235 Wisliceny, Dieter, 224 Wolf, Karla, xiv N., Herbert, 51 Wolff, Reinhard, 208 Nadir, Ehud, 107 Wurm (police official in Galicia), 254 von Neurath, Konstantin, 141, 142, 161 Zorner,¨ Ernst, 258

Index of Places and Camps

Aachen (camp), 62, 63 177, 186, 190, 197, 209, 216, 276, 279, Absdorf (camp), 119 280, 287–288, 290, 291, 293 Aggsbach (camp), 118–119 Aggstein (camp), 118–119 Baden, 93 Ahlem near Hanover (camp), 49, 58, 63, 66 Bad Ischl. See Mitterweißenbach-Ebensee, Ahrensdorf near Luckenwalde (camp), 49, 58 Bad Ischl Altenburg, 96 Baltic States, 281 Altenhain (camp), 219 Barnim, 50 Altburgund, 192 Barrandow, 158 Altlandsberg in Niederbarnim Kreis (camp), Baurowitz, 158 49 Bavaria, 96, 273 Alt Ratibor, 162 Bedburg, 93 Alt Tabor, 158 Bedzin. See Bendsburg Amersfoort in Holland (camp), 96 Beelitz (camp), 203, 207, 209 Anhalt (camp), 219 Beerfelde near Furstenwalde¨ (camp), 49 Annaberg (camp), 212, 219, 220, 223, 228 Beeskow Annexed Czech territories. See Protectorate Behlenfelde (camp), 49, 80 of Bohemia and Moravia Belgrade, 18 Annexed Polish territories. See Occupied Belsyce (camp), 248 Polish territories Belzec (camp), 244, 249, 257–258, 262 Arnsberg. See Neheim Husten¨ in Bendsburg (Bedzin), 217–218, 220, 225, Arnsberg-Im Ohl 76 227, 284 Arnstadt, 97 Beneschau, 164 Aschaffenburg, 95 Berg am Laim. See Munich-Berg am Laim Aschendorf-Hummling,¨ 36 Bergheim near Cologne, 65 Aschersleben (camp), 41, 116, 134 Bergkamen-Zur Grunen¨ Eiche (camp), 94 Assel near Stade (camp), 49 Berkenbruck¨ (camp), 49 Atsch near Aachen. See Stolberg-Atsch near Berlin, 4, 15–16, 21, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 41, Aachen 44, 57, 60, 62, 63, 75, 76–77, 80, 86, 92, Auenrode (camp), 219 98, 120, 121, 130, 131, 142, 147, 159, August Street. See Berlin-August Street 183, 187, 199, 200, 202–204, 205, Aurich, 114 206–207, 209, 228, 250, 264, 269–271, Auschwitz (Oswie¸cim)´ (camp), 80, 193, 194, 272, 278, 290–291 211, 219, 226–228, 264, 269, 273, 285, Berlin (Siemens camp), 35 286–287, 291 Berlin-August Street (camp), 77 Auschwitz (Oswiecim) (town), 217–218, 230 Berlin-Brandenburg, 34, 122 Aussig, 65 Berlin-Große Hamburger Street (transit Austria, xii, xv, xvi, xvii, 4, 27, 47, 88, 106, camp), 80 121, 127–128, 137, 142–143, 144, 148, Berlin-Schoneweide,¨ 17 149, 152, 155, 159, 160, 163, 170, 173, Berlin-Wannsee (camp), 49, 58, 75, 209

313

314 Index of Places and Camps

Beuel, 76 Brunn¨ (Brno) (district), 158 Biala Polaska, 230 Brunn¨ (Brno) (town), 145, 148, 149, 167 Bialystok (ghetto), 270–271 Buchenwald (camp), 273 Bielefeld (town), 51 Bug (river), 235 Bielefeld I-4 Koblenzer Street/73a Schloßhof Burgenland, 124 Street (camp), 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 60, Burg near Magdeburg (OT camp), 97 66, 75, 79 Burg Veynau. See Euskirchen near Bonn Birkesdorf near Aachen (camp), 96 Buxtehude an der Robke¨ (special labor Bitterfeld, 45 camp), 33, 35 Blankenburg in the Harz Mountains (camp), 97 Cacilien¨ Street. See Cologne-18–12 Cacilien¨ Blaschkowitz near Aussig (camp), 64 Street Blechhammer-Ehrenforst (camp), 220, 226, Carinthia, 123–124 228 Chelm, 253 Bobrek, 228 Chelmno. See Kulmhof Boelcke Street. See Halle an der Saale Christianstadt (camp), 208 Bohemia, 161–162. See also Protectorate of Cologne (town), 26, 62, 67, 93, 205 Bohemia and Moravia Cologne-18–22 Cacilien¨ Street (camp), 64 Bolechow (camp), 270 Cologne-Ehrenfeld, 85 Otto Street (camp), 64 Bolechow (town), 267 Cologne-Mungersdorf,¨ Fort V (camp), 26, Bomsdorf, 45 64, 67, 73, 78, 82 Bonn (Kreis), 50 Cottbus, 49 Bonn (town), 73–74 Czech Republic, 137, 141–173, 280. See also Bonn-6 Kapellen Street (camp), 63, 64, 67, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 68, 70, 71, 72, 73–74, 76, 77 Czestochowa, 194, 248, 260 Boosen (camp), 49, 80 Borki Wielki (camp), 270 Dachau (camp), 109, 273 Bornheim, 76 Danzig, 178, 201, 202–204, 205, 280 Borowosee (camp), 203, 204 Danzig Corridor, 203 Borstel near Stendal (camp), 97 Dellmensingen (camp), 64, 67 Boryslaw (camp), 270 Dembica (town), 242. See also Pustkow near Boulogne (camp), 93 Dembica Brande (camp), 212, 219, 222, 226 Dembica-Lignose camp, 243 Brandenburg, 48, 49–50, 53, 59, 60, 62, 75, Denzburg (camp), 116 78, 79, 80, 81, 184, 197, 203, 206, 208, Deutsch Brod, 167 209, 210–213, 286 Deutsch Brod-Linden Estate (camp), 152, Bratz¨ (camp), 203 170 Braunlage (camp), 97 Deutschhohe¨ (camp), 203 Braunschweig, 27, 96 Diepholz, 115 Breckenheim, 18 Donigheim,¨ 25 Bremen, 29, 181 Doppl. See Rohrbach-Doppl Breslau (town), 26, 27, 63, 65, 67, 69, 73, Doppl near Altenfelden (camp), 124, 126, 94, 185, 202, 204, 205, 211–212, 216, 152 217, 218, 220, 222, 226, 285 Dortmund, 38, 94 Breslau-Herrenprotsch, 223 Dreetz near Neustadt an der Dosse (camp), Breslau-New Graupen Street (camp), 64 208 Brieg, 65, 204 Dresden, 18, 27, 78, 79 Britz near Eberswalde (camp), 208 Dresden-Hellerberg (camp), 64, 78–79 Brno. See Brunn¨ Drevnica, (camp), 251 Broschnikow (camp), 270 Drohobycz (camp), 270 Brundlgsch¨ utt¨ near Eisenerz (camp), 124 Drohobycz (town), 256 Brunn¨ (Brno) (camp), 228 Drosing¨ near Marchegg (camp), 124

Index of Places and Camps 315

Duisburg, 4, 27, 93, 96 Fort V. See Cologne-Mungersdorf,¨ Fort V Dumpte near Borghorst (camp), 35 France, 9, 93, 94, 96, 101, 278 Dusseldorf,¨ 22, 27 Frankenberg, 35 Dyhernfurt (camp), 224 Frankfurt am Main, xiv, 7–8, 10–11, 12–13, 15, 16, 17, 18–19, 20, 21–22, 23–24, Eastern Poland, xiii 25–26, 28–30, 31, 34, 40–41, 96, 278 Eastern Upper Silesia, 147, 178, 204, 205, Frankfurt an der Oder, 49, 79, 81, 198–200, 214–228, 231, 284–285, 286 201, 203, 207, 210 East Friesland, 41, 117 Freideck (district), 151 East Prussia, 185, 213 Freienstein, 45 Ebenfurth, 124 Friedrichssegen near Koblenz (camp), 63, 64, Ebensee. See Mitterweißenbach-Ebensee, Bad 67 Ischl Fulda, 49 Eberswalde (camp), 210, 211 Furstenberg¨ (camp), 208 Ebmatten. See Kaprun at Ebmatten-Limberg Furstengrube¨ (camp), 228 Dam Furstenwalde,¨ 48–49, 59 Ehrenfeld. See Cologne-Ehrenfeld, 85 Otto Street Galicia, xiii, xviii, 217, 256, 258, 261–262, Ehrenforst. See Blechhammer-Ehrenforst 266–267, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 282, Eichkamp (camp), 93 283, 288, 291 Eichow-Krieschow (camp), 49, 56, 58 Ganserndorf¨ (camp), 124 Eichsfeld. See Hupstedt¨ in Eichsfeld Gardelegen (camp), 97 Eichtal (camp), 212 Garzau at Straußberg near Berlin (camp), 49 Eintrachthutte¨ (camp), 228 Garzin (camp), 49 Eisenerz (camp), 124 Gaya, 159 Eisenerz (town), 125, 287 Gehringshof near Fulda (camp), 45, 49, 56, Elbe (river), 158 58 Elben (camp), 94 General Government, xii–xiii, xv, xvii–xviii, Ellguth (town), 45 9, 14, 20, 121, 128, 129–130, 160, 173, Ellguth near Steinau (camp), 49, 57, 58 183, 191, 195, 202, 216, 217, 229, Emigrant Retraining Camp. See 230–275, 276, 281–285, 288, 290, 291, Ganserndorf-Emigrant¨ Retraining Camp 293 Ems (river and dikes), 114–115 Geppersdorf (camp), 212, 219 Emsland, 112 Germany, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xx, xxii, Ernstbrunn (camp), 124 xxiii, 3–31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 46, 47, Eschenau near Heilbronn (camp), 64 55, 62, 65, 71, 77, 79, 80, 86, 87, 88, 92, Eschwege near Kassel (camp), 64 93, 94, 101, 105, 107, 110, 113, 116, 117, Eschweiler-Stich near Aachen (camp), 64 118, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 130, 131, Essen (town), 220, 265 132, 135, 136–137, 143, 144, 146, 147, Essen-Steele, Holbeckshof (camp), 63, 64, 67 149, 152, 155, 156, 159, 160, 163, 170, Europe, 273, 290, 293 173, 177, 180, 183, 185–186, 187, 190, Euskirchen (town), 77 191, 195, 196–213, 214, 216, 217, Euskirchen near Bonn-Burg Veynau (camp), 224–225, 229, 231, 240, 254, 259, 263, 64 264, 274, 276–278, 279, 280–281, 282, 284, 285–291, 293–294 Falkenberg, 49 Gerolding (camp), 119 Falkenberg-Westmark (camp), 94 Gleidingen near Sarstedt (camp) Faulbruck¨ (camp), 219, 223, 226 Gleiwitz (town), 204, 211 Finkenheerd (camp), 203, 209 Gleiwitz I, II, and III, (camps), 228 Fischamend Kafka (camp), 119 Gnesen, 178, 188 Fischamend Pecina (camp), 119 Godesberg, 76 Flossingen¨ (camp), 219 Gogolin (camp), 212, 219

316 Index of Places and Camps

Gollersdorf¨ (camp), 124 Hesse-Nassau, 7, 184 Golleschau (camp), 228 Hildesheim, 37 Gorlitz,¨ 63, 67, 71 Hinterwalden (camp), 192 Gotenhafen, 251 Hluboczek (camp), 270 Graditz¨ (camp), 219 Hlubosˇ (camp), 152 Graz, 125 Hofheim im Taunus, 18 Greater German Reich, 146, 160, 173, 180, Hohegaste (camp), 117 288, 291 Hohe Tauern Greimerath near Wittlich (camp), 205 Hohensalza, 178, 188, 193 Groß-Breesen near Obernigk (camp), 45, 49, Hohenwalde near Frankfurt an der Oder 57, 78 (camp), 49 Groß-Gaglow near Cottbus, 44 Hohenwarte-Saale Dam (camp), 35–37, 40, Groß-Kamsdorf (camp), 97 75 Groß-Krut (camp), 124 Holbeckshof. See Essen-Steele, Holbeckshof Gross Ossek, 158 Holingen¨ near Wildeshausen (camp), 36, 115, Groß-Rosen (camp), 228, 287 117, 123 Groß-Sarne (camp), 212, 219 Holland, 96 Gruner¨ Weg. See Paderborn-86 Gruner¨ Weg Holleschau, 149, 159 Grunheide¨ (camp), 212, 219 Homberg Grunow near Wutschdorf, (camp), 203 Horingshausen¨ im Sauerland (camp), 35, 38 Grusen¨ near Frankenburg, 45 Horner Racetrack. See Hamburg-Horner Grussau¨ near Waldenburg (camp), 64, 66, Racetrack 67, 68, 69, 78, 79, 80 Hrubieschow, 249 Gunthergrube¨ (camp), 228 Hundsfeld, 226 Guttland¨ an der Weichsel (camp), 280 Hungarian Brod, 159 Hungary, 273 Haigerloch (camp), 64, 68, 69, 75 Hupstedt¨ in Eichsfeld (camp), 64, 66, 67, 77 Haina Monastery (camp), 35 Halberstadt, 45 Iglau (district), 165, 167 Haldensleben (camp), 41, 117 Iglau (town), 142, 163 Halle an der Saale (town), 29, 74, 94 Im Ohl 76. See Neheim Husten¨ in Halle an der Saale-Boelcke Street (camp), 29, Arnsberg-Im Ohl 76 64, 72, 76, 97 Irsch (camp), 64 Hamburg, 4, 26, 29, 33, 38, 40, 60, 91, 94, 95, 99–100, 102 Jagerslust¨ Estate near Flensburg (camp), 45 Hamburger Street. See Berlin-Große Jakobsdorf near Frankfurt an der Oder Hamburger Street (camp), 49, 80 Hamburg-Horner Racetrack (camp), 100 Jaktorow (camp), 270 Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery (camp), 100 Janichendorf¨ (camp), 51 Hamm (camp), 64, 66, 77, 93, 97 Janinagrube (camp), 228 Hammerhof Estate. See Ottertal-Hammerhof Janowska. See Lemberg-Janowska Estate Jawischowitz (camp), 228 Hanau, 25 Jedrzejow (camp), 192 Hangelsberg an der Spree-Wulkow Estate Jena (camp), 63, 64 (camp), 49, 53, 55, 59, 78, 80 Jena (town), 97 Hanover, 66, 112, 114, 205 Jerichow, 50 Hasenfelde (camp), 49 Jessen-Muhle¨ near Sommersfeld (camp), 49, Havelberg (camp), 47, 49, 58 58 Hechaluz, 119 Jewish Labor Home. See Radinkendorf- Heidebreck, 226 Jewish Labor Home Hermannsdorf (camp), 219 Jezernia (camp), 270 Hesse, 6, 8, 16, 24, 35–36 Jitschin, 167

Index of Places and Camps 317

Johannsdorf (camp), 212 (∗ Ch 7, note 80 Kottingbrunn (camp), 119 puts this camp in Lower Silesia), 219, 226 Krakow (district), 231, 233, 240, 242, 244, Joßnitz¨ (camp), 35 245–246, 252, 268–269, 271 Judenburg, 124 Krakow (ghetto), 260, 268, 269 Julich¨ (camp), 96 Krakow (Kreis), 251, 268–269 Jungbunzlau, 165 Krakow (town), 147, 178, 202, 217, 232, Juterbog,¨ 50 238–239, 241, 248, 249, 261, 283 Kremplhof near Eisenerz (camp), 124 Kaisermuhl¨ (camp), 49, 78, 80 Krenau, 223 Kalek, 172 Kreuzsee near Reppen (camp), 203, Kalisch (district), 179 207–208, 210 Kamienna, 171 Krieschow. See Eichow-Krieschow Kamionki (camp), 270 Krosno, 252 Kammwald, 168 Kulmhof (Chelmno), 190 Kapellen Street. See Bonn-6 Kapellen Street Kunzendorf, 158 Kaprun (camp), 124 Kurowice (camp), 270 Kaprun at Ebmatten-Limberg Dam (camp), Kustrin¨ near Neustadt (camp), 203, 208, 211 122, 124 Kutno, 188 Kassel (town), 8, 27, 36, 99 Kassel-Bettenhausen (camp), 97 Lackie (camp), 270 Kassel-Niederzwehren, Wartekuppe (camp), Laer (camp), 36 64 Lagischa (camp), 228 Kattowitz (Katowice), 121, 122, 146, 214, Lahde at Petershagen (camp), 36 249, 251 Landersdorf (camp), 118–119 Kelkheim im Taunus (camp), xv, 36, 39, Langbielau (camp), 223 40–41, 285 Laupheim near Ulm (camp), 64, 67, 75 Kelkheim im Taunus (town), xiv–xv, 7–8, 34, Laurahutte¨ (camp), 228 40, 41 Lautawerk near Senftenberg, 208 Kersdorf near Briesen (camp), 49, 59, 80 Lavamund¨ (camp), 124, 134 Kielce, 252, 273 Lebus, 48, 49–50, 60 Kladno, 158, 168, 169 Leda (river), 114 Klagenfurt (camp), 124 Leda-Jumme,¨ 114–115 Klattau, 158, 163–164, 165 Leer (town), 36, 39, 116, 117 Klein-Kuntschitz, 151 Leer I (camp), 117 Klein-Mangersdorf (camp), 212, 219 Leer II (camp) Klettendorf (camp), 219, 223 Leimnitz (camp), 203 Klomna near Lask (camp), 192 Leipzig, 4, 123 Klumtschau, 164 Lemberg (ghetto), 268 Kobbensen (camp), 117 Lemberg (Lvov) (town), 254–255, 256, 258, Kobenz near Knittelfeld (camp), 124, 125 261–262, 266–267, 270 Koblenz, 36, 93 Lemberg-Janowska (camp), 262, 266, 270, Koblenzer Street. See Bielefeld-4 Koblenzer 271, 273 Street/73a- Schloßhof Street Leoben near Eisenerz (camp), 124 Kolın,´ 158, 164, 165 Leslau, 188 Kolmar, 188 Letnian, 158 Kolomea, 262 Leuna (camp), 97 Komotau, 172 Liebenau I near Schwiebus (camp), 203 Koniggr¨ atz,¨ 164, 165, 167 Liebenau II (camp), 203 Konigsberg,¨ 27, 184–185, 202 Lignose. See Dembica-Lignose camp Kosaki (camp), 270 Limberg Dam. See Kaprun at Kosel, 227 Ebmatten-Limberg Dam Kostel, 159 Limburg, Y2.214

318 Index of Places and Camps

Linden Estate. See Deutsch Brod-Linden Milbertshofen. See Munich-Milbertshofen Estate Miltitz-Roitzschen (camp), 98 Lindenhain (camp), 219 Minsk, 134, 169 Lipowa (camp), 257 Mitterweißenbach-Ebensee, Bad Ischl Lissa, 188 (camp), 124 Litzmannstadt (ghetto), xvii, xviii, 132, 162, Moldova (Vltava) (river), 158 166, 169, 184, 187, 189–192, 193–195, Moosbrunn (camp), 119 199–200, 202, 205, 210, 212, 253, Moravia, 172. See also Protectorate of 274–275, 282, 286 Bohemia and Moravia Litzmannstadt (Lodz) (town), 188, 251 Moravska, 171 Lodz. See Litzmannstadt Moravska´ Ostrova. See Mahrisch-Ostrau¨ Lohhof near Munich (camp), 36, 42, 75 Mortier near Paris, 96 Losenitz, 158 Moscow, 208 Lowenstadt¨ (camp), 183 Much at Siegkreis (camp), 65, 67, 68, 70, Lower Danube, 47, 124, 130 71–72, 74, 77 Lower Lahn, 63 Muhle¨ near Sommerfeld. See Jessen-Muhle¨ Lower Rhine, 123 near Sommerfeld Lower Saxony, 7, 33, 35, 36, 37, 80, 96, 113, Muncheberg¨ (camp), 50 114–117, 136, 183 Mungersdorf.¨ See Cologne-Mungersdorf¨ Lower Silesia, 65, 212, 216, 218, 222, 223, Munich (town), 27, 62, 67 228, 275 Munich-Berg am Laim (camp), 65, 67, 69, Lublin (camp), 265, 269, 273 70, 72–73, 75 Lublin (district), xiii, xviii, 148, 231, 233, Munich-Milbertshofen (camp), 63, 65, 67, 235–236, 238–239, 247, 249–251, 253, 70, 77–78 268–269, 270–272, 273, 274, 282, 288 Munichholz¨ near Steyr (camp), 124, 287. See Lublin (ghetto), 260, 282 also Waidhofen-Sandhof Estate Lublin (town), 129, 178, 192, 217, 234, 244, Munster,¨ 36 256–257 Luxemburg, 205 Neheim Husten¨ in Arnsberg-Im Ohl 76. Lvov. See Lemberg (camp), 65, 66, 79 Neisse (river), 71 Magdeburg, 41–42, 130 Neu-Dachs (camp), 228 Mahrisch-Ostrau¨ (Moravska´ Ostrava), 56, Neudorf, 158 121, 122, 146–148, 151, 164, 165–166 Neuendorf near Furstenwalde¨ an der Spree Mainz (camp), 44, 45, 50, 51, 53, 56, 59, 60, 75, Majdanek (camp), 257, 270–271 78, 79–80 Malmeritz (camp), 158 Neufeld an der Leitha (camp), 124 Mannheim, 34 Neugedein, 164 Marchegg I (camp), 124 Neukirch, 226 Marchegg II (camp), 124 Neumuhle¨ Estate near Straußberg (camp), Marchfeld (camp), 111 50, 80 Mark Brandenburg. See Brandenburg Neu-Sandez (Nowy Sacz), 240–241 Markendorff (camp), 50 Neutrebbin (camp), 50 Markhof (camp), 119 Nieder-Absdorf (camp), 119 Markstadt-F¨ unfteichen¨ (camp), 209, 219, Niederbardenberg near Aachen (camp), 220, 223, 225, 227 37–65 Marxheim, 18 Niederbarnim, 49 Masselwitz (camp), 226 Niederkirch (camp), 212, 220 Mauthausen (camp), 273, 280–287, 292 Niederlausitz, 49–50, 208 Mechtal (camp), 219, 223, 226 Niederzwehren. See Kassel-Niederzwehren, Meschede (camp), 38 Wartekuppe Miechow,´ 247 Niesky, 71

Index of Places and Camps 319

Nisko am San (camp), 56, 121, 147, 214 Petrikau (Piotrkow),´ 180 Njebielow (camp), 270 Piaski, 248, 258 Nordhausen (camp), 41–42, 117, 134 Pillgram (camp), 50 Nordmark, 33 Pilsen, 164, 165, 167 North Africa, 293 Pinnow near Reppen (camp), 203, 207 Nowy Sacz. See Neu-Sandez Piotrkow.´ See Petrikau Nuremberg, 27 Plaszow (camp), 268, 269, 273 Plettenberg (camp), 65 Oberbarnim, 50 Plosk (camp), 253 Oberlausitz, 35 –65 Pluhow (camp), 270 Obernigk (camp), 219 Pogum (camp), 117 Obersdorf (camp), 50 Poland, xiii, xiv, xviii, 9, 15, 37, 56, 66, 120, Oberstotzingen near Ulm (camp), 65, 67, 131, 137, 146, 149, 150, 161, 173, 214, 68 231, 232, 233, 237, 255, 259, 270, 272, Occupied Eastern Territories, 75, 237, 284 273, 274, 277, 282, 283, 291–292. See also Occupied Polish territories, xiii, xvi, 173, Occupied Polish territories 177–195, 196, 230, 232, 248, 280–288, Polenzwerder (camp), 50 290, 293. See also Poland Pomerania, 9, 197, 236, 245 Occupied Soviet territories, 290, 293. See Poniatowa (camp), 269, 271 also Soviet Union Posen (Poznan),´ 91, 129–130, 178, 184, 185, Oderbruch-Seelow National Research Estate 190, 191, 193, 196, 199–200, 201, (camp), 50, 78 202–203, 284 Oersdorf (camp), 36, 38 Potsdam, 53, 84 Ohlsdorf Cemetery. See Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Potzhausen (camp), 117 Cemetery Poznan.´ See Posen Oldenburg, 117 Prabichl¨ near Eisenerz (camp), 124, 125 Old Reich. See Germany Prague, xvii, 87, 131, 142–143, 144, 145, Olmutz,¨ 150, 163, 164 147–148, 149, 150, 152, 153–154, 156, Oppeln, 214, 216, 217 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, Ornontowitz (camp), 220 169–170, 171–172, 173, 281 Ossowa (camp), 251 Prague-Rusin, 153, 167 Osterburg (camp), 41, 117 Predmeritz, 167 Ostmark. See Austria Prettin (camp), 36 Ostravice. See Ostrawitza Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, xii, Ostrawitza (Ostravice) (river), 158 xvi, xvii, 27, 86, 121, 137, 173, 177, 186, Ostrow (camp), 270 190, 209, 276, 281, 290, 291, 293. See Ostrowiec, 273 also Czech Republic Oswie¸cim.´ See Auschwitz Przemysl (camp), 263 Otterndorf near Cuxhaven (camp), 36 Przyrow´ (camp), 253 Ottertal-Hammerhof Estate (camp), 119 Pustkow´ near Dembica, 252, 273 Ottmuth (camp), 212, 220 Otto Street. See Cologne-Ehrenfeld, 85 Otto Quirrenbach near Siegburg (camp), 65 Street Rabi, 164 Pabianitz (camp), 183 Radinkendorf-Jewish Labor Home (camp), Paderborn-86 Gruner¨ Weg (camp), 47–48, 50, 53, 75 50, 51–52, 55, 59, 75, 79 Radom (district), 231, 233, 245, 246, Palestine, 51, 56 249–250, 252, 255, 263, 268, 269, Pardubice. See Pardubitz 271–272 Pardubitz (Pardubice), 158, 166 Radom (ghetto), 260 Paris, xxiii, 93, 94 Radzyn, 253 Petershagen, 36 Rakovnik, 169

320 Index of Places and Camps

Rappbodetal Dam, 37, 113, 134. See also Schneeberg near Beeskow (camp), 50 Wendefurt near Blankenburg Schniebinchen near Sommerfeld (camp), 50, Rathenow, 55–56, 78 56, 58 Reichenbach (camp), 223 Schoneweide.¨ See Berlin-Schoneweide¨ Reichshof-Rzeszew, 251 Schonfelde¨ (camp), 50, 59, 80 Rendsburg (camp), 38 Schonwald¨ (camp), 65, 67, 69–70 Reppen (camp), 50, 207 Schuttenhofen,¨ 164 Reppen (town), 207 Schwadorf (camp), 119 Retschowits, 158 Schwerte near Dortmund (camp), 65 Rheingau, 36 Schwiebus (camp), 208 Rheingau-St. Goarshausen, 63 Sdroien (camp), 203 Rhineland, 26, 64–65, 82, 122 Seelow National Research Estate. See Riebnig (camp), 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, Oderbruch-Seelow National Research 79, 218 Estate Riga, 169 Selchow (camp), 203, 209 Rissen near Hamburg (camp), 50, 58 Sennfeld, 45 Rogau (camp), 220 Siegburg, 70 Rogsen (camp), 203 Siegkreis, 67 Rohrbach-Doppl (camp), 124, 134 Siems near Mieste (camp), 41, 117 Rongard near Kelberg (camp), 36 Silesia, 34, 49–80, 82, 117, 122, 184, 197, Rossitz, 167 204, 211–213, 214, 217, 218–219, 225, Rostiz (camp), 220 229, 262, 275, 285, 291, 293 Rothenburg, 65, 71 Silingthal, 45 Rothenhaus, 172 Sitzendorf (camp), 97 Roznow, 241, 245 Skaby near Friedersdorf (camp), 47, 50, 79 Rudnitz¨ near Bernau (camp), 50, 51, 58 Skazysko-Kamienna (camp), 273 Rudolstadt, 97 Skole (camp), 270 Slovakia, 204, 224 Saale (Kreis), 76 Sobianowice (camp), 245 Saalfeld, 35–36, 97. See also Sobibor (camp), 270 Hohenwarte-Saale Dam Sohre¨ near Bergshausen (camp), 36 Sackenhoym (camp), 220 Soldau, 251 St. AndraW¨ ordern¨ (camp), 119 Sophienhohe¨ (camp), 65 St. Annaberg. See Annaberg Sosnowitz (camp), 228 St. Valentin (camp), 124, 287 Sosnowitz (Sosnowice) (district), 217–218 Sakrau (camp), 212, 220, 223 Sosnowitz (Sosnowice) (town), 147, 216, Salzburg, 27, 106, 124, 135 220, 225, 227, 284 Samter, 188 Soviet Union, 12, 14, 19, 129, 131, 159, 184, Sandhof Estate. See Waidhofen-Sandhof 197, 201, 217, 235, 252, 254, 257, 260, Estate 274, 281, 290, 291. See also Occupied San Domingo, 152 Soviet territories Sarstedt near Hanover (camp), 96 Spiegelberg (camp), 203 Sassau-Grosse, 158 Sprakebull¨ in Sudtondern¨ (camp), 36 Sauerland. See Horingshausen¨ im Sauerland Spreenhagen, 50 Saxony, 97, 98, 117 Srnojed, 158 Saxony-Anhalt, 96, 116–117 Stade, 36, 38, 40 Schaumburg-Lippe, 117 Stadthagen, 117 Scherowitz, 170 Stalingrad, 90 Schieratz, 188 Stanislau (Stanislawow), 254, 255 Schleswig-Holstein, 36, 38 Stanislawow. See Stanislau Schloßhof Street. See Bielefeld-4 Koblenzer Stanonitz, 168 Street/73a- Schloßhof Street Staporkow´ (camp), 253

Index of Places and Camps 321

Steckelsdorf (camp), 45, 50, 52, 55–56, 58, Tomersdorf near Gorlitz¨ (camp), 63, 65, 67, 60, 75, 78 68, 70–71, 72, 74, 79 Steele. See Essen-Steele, Holbeckshof Topper (camp), 203 Steinfurt, 35 –65 Torgau, 36 Steinhaus near Wels (camp), 124 Trachtenberg, 94 Steinhofel¨ (camp), 50 Traunkirchen. See Traunsee-Traunkirchen Stendal (camp), 41, 117 Traunsee-Traunkirchen (camp), 123, 124, Stentsch (camp), 203 125 Sternberg (camp), 203 Trawniki (camp), 269, 271 Stettin, 27, 202–203 Treblinka (camp), 270 Stich near Aachen. See Eschweiler-Stich near Trefﬂing (camp), 124 Aachen Treplin (camp), 50 Stiechowitz Dam, 158 Trier, 205, 212 Stolberg-Atsch near Aachen (camp), 36, 77 Turek, 183 Strakonice. See Strakonitz Tyscowce (camp), 245 Strakonitz (Strakonice), 165, 166, 168 Straußberg near Berlin. See Garzau at Uckermark, 50 Straußberg near Berlin Ulm, 64, 68 Straznice,´ 151 Unterdiessen (camp), 75 Strielek, 158 Untertannwald in the Erz Mountains (camp), Stryj (camp), 270 97 Stubach (camp), 124 Upper Danube, 132 Stuttgart, 27, 100 Upper Saale, 40 Stutthof (camp), 273 Upper Silesia, xviii, 187, 198, 209, 212, 216, Styria, 123–124, 125, 128, 248 217–219, 222, 223, 226, 228, 271, 272, Sudeten. See Sudetengau 274–275, 282, 284 Sudetengau, 64, 65, 67, 141, 143, 172, Urfeld (camp), 50 173, 216, 222, 225, 228, 229, 275, 284, 287 Vienna, 4, 27, 41, 42, 56, 92, 93, 96, 100, Sudetenland. See Sudetengau 102, 105, 106–109, 111, 112–113, 114, Sudtondern.¨ See Sprakebull¨ in Sudtondern¨ 115, 117, 118, 120–122, 123, 127, Sulinger Swamp, 33 129–130, 131–137, 172, 250–251, 278–279 Sundern, 77 Vistula (Weichsel) (river), 146, 235. See Guttland¨ an der Weichsel Tabor, 165, 166 Vltava. See Moldova Tangermunde¨ (camp), 117 Vogtland, 36 Tarnopol (camp), 254, 270 Tarnow, 237, 238, 242, 252, 261 Waiblingen, 36 Tauern, 118 Waidhofen-Sandhof Estate (camp), 124, 126, Taunusblick. See Kelkheim im Taunus (camp) 152. See also Munichholz¨ near Steyr and Teerag I (camp), 124 Windhag Teerag II (camp), 124 Walheim near Stolberg (camp), 36 Terezin. See Theresienstadt Wallnow (camp), 50 Teuplitz (camp), 50, 80 Walpersdorf (camp), 118–119 Thalheim (camp), 119 Walsheim (camp), 36 Theresienstadt (ghetto), 29–30, 162, 168, Wannsee. See Berlin Wannsee 172 Warsaw (camp), 265, 273 Theresienstadt (Terezin) (town), 26, 87, 101, Warsaw (district), 231, 233, 238, 245–246, 135, 211 249, 251, 252, 268–269, 271, 272 Thuringia, 35–36, 64, 97, 117 Warsaw (ghetto), 186, 232, 253–254, 260, Thurmberg (camp), 203 261, 263, 266 Tigerfeld near Ulm (camp), 65 Warsaw (town), 178, 253

322 Index of Places and Camps

Wartekuppe. See Kassel-Niederzwehren, Wiesau (camp), 219 Wartekuppe Wiesbaden, 27 Warthbrucken,¨ 188 Windhag (camp), 124. See also Warthegau, xv, xvii, xviii, 129–130, 162, Waidhofen-Sandhof Estate 173, 177–195, 196, 198, 200, 201–202, Winkel Estate (camp), 44, 50, 51, 79 205, 210, 214, 231, 232, 237, 262, 274, Wischau, 170 276, 281, 282, 284, 286, 287, 293 Wittenberge (camp), 208, 209 Wartheland. See Warthegau Wohlerst near Harsefeld (camp), 33, 36, 38 Weimar (town), 100 Wolsztyn (camp), 193 Weinbergen (SS labor camp), 270 Wulkow Estate. See Hangelsberg an der Weissenfels (camp) Spree-Wulkow Estate Weissenfels (town), 94 Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen (camp), 96 Weissenstein (camp), 65 Wurttemberg,¨ 64–65, 82 Wels (camp), 124 Wurzburg,¨ 22 Welterod (camp), 36 Wutschdorf (camp), 203 Welungen, 188 Wendefurt near Blankenburg (camp), 36, 37, Zagacie (camp), 252 39, 117, 134. See also Rappbodetal Zamos´c´ (camp), 253 Dam Zamos´c´ (Kreis), 230, 253 Wendelinsgrube near Laupheim (camp), 66 Zborow (camp), 270 Werlte (camp), 36, 37 Zeitz (camp), 94 Werlte-Rastdorf (camp), 36, 51, 117 Zerbst (camp), 97 Western European territories, 290 Ziechenau, 187 Westerwald (camp), 63 Zinsendorf, 158 Westphalia, 35–36, 64–65, 66, 123 Zlın,´ 149, 159, 163, 165, 166 West Prussia, 178 Zullichau¨ (camp), 203 Weststernberg, 202, 207 Zur Grunen¨ Eiche. See Bergkamen-Zur Wiener Wald, 133 Grunen¨ Eiche