Lettere Tra LUIGI CREMONA E Corrispondenti in Lingua Inglese
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The History and Development of Numerical Analysis in Scotland: a Personal Perspective∗
The history and development of numerical analysis in Scotland: a personal perspective∗ G. A. Watson, Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Abstract An account is given of the history and development of numerical analysis in Scotland. This covers, in particular, activity in Edinburgh in the first half of the 20th century, the collaboration between Edinburgh and St Andrews in the 1960s, and the role played by Dundee from the 1970s. I will give some reminiscences from my own time at both Edinburgh and Dundee. 1 Introduction To provide a historical account of numerical analysis (or of anything else), it is necessary to decide where to begin. If numerical analysis is defined to be the study of algorithms for the problems of continuous mathematics [16], then of course it has a very long history (see, for example, [6], [13]). But \modern" numerical analysis is inextricably linked with computing machines. It is usually associated with programmable electronic computers, and is often said to have its origins in the 1947 paper by von Neumann and Goldstine [10]. The name apparently was first used around that time, and was given formal recognition in the setting up of the Institute for Numerical Analysis, located on the campus of the University of California at Los Angeles [3]. This was a section of the National Applied Mathematics Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards, headed by J. H. Curtiss, who is often given credit for the name. Others consider modern numerical analysis to go back further than this; for example Todd [15] suggests it begins around 1936, and cites papers by Comrie and Turing. -
James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell JAMES CLERK MAXWELL Perspectives on his Life and Work Edited by raymond flood mark mccartney and andrew whitaker 3 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries c Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942195 ISBN 978–0–19–966437–5 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
The True Story Behind Frattini's Argument *
Advances in Group Theory and Applications c 2017 AGTA - www.advgrouptheory.com/journal 3 (2017), pp. 117–129 ISSN: 2499-1287 DOI: 10.4399/97888255036928 The True Story Behind Frattini’s Argument * M. Brescia — F. de Giovanni — M. Trombetti (Received Apr. 12, 2017 — Communicated by Dikran Dikranjan) Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A55, 20D25 Keywords: Frattini’s Argument; Alfredo Capelli In his memoir [7] Intorno alla generazione dei gruppi di operazioni (1885), Giovanni Frattini (1852–1925) introduced the idea of what is now known as a non-generating element of a (finite) group. He proved that the set of all non- generating elements of a group G constitutes a normal subgroup of G, which he named Φ. This subgroup is today called the Frattini sub- group of G. The earliest occurrence of this de- nomination in literature traces back to a pa- per of Reinhold Baer [1] submitted on Sep- tember 5th, 1952. Frattini went on proving that Φ is nilpotent by making use of an in- sightful, renowned argument, the intellectual ownership of which is the subject of this note. We are talking about what is nowadays known as Frattini’s Argument. Giovanni Frattini was born in Rome on January 8th, 1852 to Gabrie- le and Maddalena Cenciarelli. In 1869, he enrolled for Mathematics at the University of Rome, where he graduated in 1875 under the * The authors are members of GNSAGA (INdAM), and work within the ADV-AGTA project 118 M. Brescia – F. de Giovanni – M. Trombetti supervision of Giuseppe Battaglini (1826–1894), together with other up-and-coming mathematicians such as Alfredo Capelli. -
Matthew Baillie Gairdner, the Royal Medical Society and the Problem of the Second Heart Sound
HISTORY MATTHEW BAILLIE GAIRDNER, THE ROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY AND THE PROBLEM OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND M. Nicolson, Senior Lecturer, Centre for the History of Medicine, University of Glasgow, and J. Windram, Senior House Officer, Cardiology Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh SUMMARY In 1830, Matthew Baillie Gairdner (1808–88) was the first to propose that the second heart sound was produced by the closure of the semilunar valves. He proposed this theory, while a student at Edinburgh University, in an oral presentation to the Royal Medical Society (RMS). Gairdner (Figure 1) has been largely ignored by both nineteenth and twentieth century historians of cardiology. This paper presents an account of his life, his discovery and the scientific controversy to which he contributed, and argues that an appreciation of his work and that of his student colleagues should cause us to re-evaluate the significance of the RMS as a research forum in the early nineteenth century. FIGURE 1 Suggestions are made as to why his contribution to our Matthew Baillie Gairdner. From: A. Porteus; The History of Crieff understanding of the heart sounds has been neglected. from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier; 1912. Reproduced with the kind INTRODUCTION permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. The Harveian Discourse for 1887 was delivered by Dr George W. Balfour, Consulting Physician to the Royal The character of Matthew Baillie Gairdner’s work and Infirmary of Edinburgh and a former President of the career is intriguing for several reasons. How did an Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.1 He outlined Edinburgh medical student manage to make a discovery the long debate which had taken place, from Laennec’s of such significance? Why has his contribution to the time to his own, regarding the nature and origin of the study of the heart been largely forgotten? And why did sounds of the heart. -
Algebraic Research Schools in Italy at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: the Cases of Rome, Palermo, and Pisa
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Historia Mathematica 31 (2004) 296–309 www.elsevier.com/locate/hm Algebraic research schools in Italy at the turn of the twentieth century: the cases of Rome, Palermo, and Pisa Laura Martini Department of Mathematics, University of Virginia, PO Box 400137, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4137, USA Available online 28 January 2004 Abstract The second half of the 19th century witnessed a sudden and sustained revival of Italian mathematical research, especially in the period following the political unification of the country. Up to the end of the 19th century and well into the 20th, Italian professors—in a variety of institutional settings and with a variety of research interests— trained a number of young scholars in algebraic areas, in particular. Giuseppe Battaglini (1826–1892), Francesco Gerbaldi (1858–1934), and Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) defined three key venues for the promotion of algebraic research in Rome, Palermo, and Pisa, respectively. This paper will consider the notion of “research school” as an analytic tool and will explore the extent to which loci of algebraic studies in Italy from the second half of the 19th century through the opening decades of the 20th century can be considered as mathematical research schools. 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Sommario Nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento, specialmente dopo l’unificazione del paese, la ricerca matematica in Italia conobbe una vigorosa rinascita. Durante gli ultimi decenni del diciannovesimo secolo e i primi del ventesimo, matematici italiani appartenenti a diverse istituzioni e con interessi in diversi campi di ricerca, formarono giovani studiosi in vari settori dell’algebra. -
William Robertson Smith, Solomon Schechter and Contemporary Judaism
https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.026 William Robertson Smith, Solomon Schechter and contemporary Judaism bernhard maier University of Tübingen, Germany* During Solomon Schechter’s first years in the University of Cambridge, one of his most illustrious colleagues was the Scottish Old Testament scholar and Arabist William Robertson Smith (1846–1894), who is today considered to be among the founding fathers of comparative religious studies. Smith was the son of a minister of the strongly evangelical Free Church of Scotland, which had constituted itself in 1843 as a rival to the state-controlled established Church of Scotland. Appointed Professor of Old Testament Exegesis in the Free Church College Aberdeen at the early age of twenty-four, Smith soon came into conflict with the conservative theologians of his church on account of his critical views. After a prolonged heresy trial, he was finally deprived of his Aberdeen chair in 1881. In 1883 he moved to Cambridge, where he served, successively, as Lord Almoner’s Reader in Arabic, University Librarian, and Thomas Adams’s Professor of Arabic. Discussing Schechter’s relations with Robertson Smith, one has to bear in mind that direct contact between Schechter and Smith was confined to a relatively short period of less than five years (1890–94), during which Smith was frequently ill and consequently not resident in Cambridge at all.1 Furthermore, there is not much written evidence, so that several hints and clues that have come down to us are difficult to interpret, our understanding being sometimes based on inference and reasoning by analogy rather than on any certain knowledge. -
Della Matematica in Italia
Intreccio Risorgimento, Unità d'Italia e geometria euclidea... il “Risorgimento” della matematica in Italia La ripresa della matematica italiana nell’Ottocento viene solitamente fatta coincidere con la data emblematica del !"#, cioè con l’unifica%ione del paese . In realtà altre date, precedenti a &uesta, sono altrettanto significative di 'aolo (uidera La ripresa della matematica italiana nell’Ottocento viene solitamente fatta coincidere con la data emblematica del 1860, cioè con l’unificazione del paese . In realtà altre date, precedenti a uesta, sono altrettanto si!nificative . "el 1839 si tenne a %isa il primo &on!resso de!li scienziati italiani, esperienza, uesta dei con!ressi, c'e prose!u( fino al 1847. + uesti appuntamenti parteciparono non solo i matematici della penisola, ma anche uelli stranieri . Il &on!resso del 1839 rappresent, un enorme passo avanti rispetto alla situazione di isolamento de!li anni precedenti. -n anno di svolta fu pure il 1850 uando si diede avvio alla pubblicazione del primo periodico di matematica Annali di scienze fisiche e matematiche / mal!rado il titolo !li articoli ri!uardavano uasi totalmente la matematica. La rivista , dal 1857, prese il nome di Annali di matematica pura ed applicata. I!nazio &ant0, fratello del pi0 celebre &esare, pubblic, nel 1844 il volume L’Italia scientifica contemporanea nel uale racco!lieva le notizie bio!rafiche e scientifiche de!li italiani attivi in campo culturale e uindi anche nella matematica. "ella prima metà dell’Ottocento la matematica in realtà era in!lese, francese o tedesca . L( erano i !randi nomi. 1a uei con!ressi e da!li +tti relativi pubblicati successivamente si evinceva c'e il settore andava risve!liandosi. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
"Matematica E Internazionalità Nel Carteggio Fra Guccia E Cremona E I Rendiconti Del Circolo Matematico "
"Matematica e internazionalità nel carteggio fra Guccia e Cremona e i Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico " Cinzia Cerroni Università di Palermo Giovan Battista Guccia (Palermo 1855 – 1914) Biography of Giovan Battista Guccia He graduated in Rome in 1880, where he had been a student of Luigi Cremona, but already before graduation he attended the life mathematics and published a work of geometry. In 1889 was appointed professor of higher geometry at the University of Palermo and in 1894 was appointed Ordinary. In 1884 he founded, with a personal contribution of resources and employment, the Circolo Matematico di Palermo, whose ”Rendiconti" became, a few decades later, one of the most important international mathematical journals. He it was, until his death, the director and animator. At the untimely end, in 1914, he left fifty geometric works, in the address closely cremoniano. Luigi Cremona (Pavia 1830- Roma 1903) Biography of Luigi Cremona He participated as a volunteer in the war of 1848. He entered the University of Pavia in 1849. There he was taught by Bordoni, Casorati and Brioschi. On 9 May 1853 he graduated in civil engineering at the University of Pavia. He taught for several years in Middle Schools of Pavia, Cremona and Milan. In 1860 he became professor of Higher Geometry at the University of Bologna. In October 1867, on Brioschi's recommendation, was called to Polytechnic Institute of Milan, to teach graphical statics. He received the title of Professor in 1872 while at Milan. He moved to Rome on 9 October 1873, as director of the newly established Polytechnic School of Engineering. -
RM Calendar 2017
Rudi Mathematici x3 – 6’135x2 + 12’545’291 x – 8’550’637’845 = 0 www.rudimathematici.com 1 S (1803) Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja RM132 (1878) Agner Krarup Erlang Rudi Mathematici (1894) Satyendranath Bose RM168 (1912) Boris Gnedenko 1 2 M (1822) Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius (1905) Lev Genrichovich Shnirelman (1938) Anatoly Samoilenko 3 T (1917) Yuri Alexeievich Mitropolsky January 4 W (1643) Isaac Newton RM071 5 T (1723) Nicole-Reine Etable de Labrière Lepaute (1838) Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan Putnam 2002, A1 (1871) Federigo Enriques RM084 Let k be a fixed positive integer. The n-th derivative of (1871) Gino Fano k k n+1 1/( x −1) has the form P n(x)/(x −1) where P n(x) is a 6 F (1807) Jozeph Mitza Petzval polynomial. Find P n(1). (1841) Rudolf Sturm 7 S (1871) Felix Edouard Justin Emile Borel A college football coach walked into the locker room (1907) Raymond Edward Alan Christopher Paley before a big game, looked at his star quarterback, and 8 S (1888) Richard Courant RM156 said, “You’re academically ineligible because you failed (1924) Paul Moritz Cohn your math mid-term. But we really need you today. I (1942) Stephen William Hawking talked to your math professor, and he said that if you 2 9 M (1864) Vladimir Adreievich Steklov can answer just one question correctly, then you can (1915) Mollie Orshansky play today. So, pay attention. I really need you to 10 T (1875) Issai Schur concentrate on the question I’m about to ask you.” (1905) Ruth Moufang “Okay, coach,” the player agreed. -
The Logarithmic Tables of Edward Sang and His Daughters
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Historia Mathematica 30 (2003) 47–84 www.elsevier.com/locate/hm The logarithmic tables of Edward Sang and his daughters Alex D.D. Craik School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom Abstract Edward Sang (1805–1890), aided only by his daughters Flora and Jane, compiled vast logarithmic and other mathematical tables. These exceed in accuracy and extent the tables of the French Bureau du Cadastre, produced by Gaspard de Prony and a multitude of assistants during 1794–1801. Like Prony’s, only a small part of Sang’s tables was published: his 7-place logarithmic tables of 1871. The contents and fate of Sang’s manuscript volumes, the abortive attempts to publish them, and some of Sang’s methods are described. A brief biography of Sang outlines his many other contributions to science and technology in both Scotland and Turkey. Remarkably, the tables were mostly compiled in his spare time. 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Résumé Edward Sang (1805–1890), aidé seulement par sa famille, c’est à dire ses filles Flora et Jane, compila des tables vastes des logarithmes et des autres fonctions mathématiques. Ces tables sont plus accurates, et plus extensives que celles du Bureau du Cadastre, compileés les années 1794–1801 par Gaspard de Prony et une foule de ses aides. On ne publia qu’une petite partie des tables de Sang (comme celles de Prony) : ses tables du 1871 des logarithmes à 7-places décimales. -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae INFORMAZIONI PERSONALI Nome CINZIA Cognome CERRONI Recapiti Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, via archirafi 34 palermo Telefono 091-320919 091-23891092 E-mail [email protected] [email protected] FORMAZIONE TITOLI • Laurea in Matematica, indirizzo generale: algebrico-geometrico, conseguita il 13 Luglio 1995 presso l’Università degli Studi di Roma ”La Sapienza”. • Frequenza e sostenimento dell’esame finale del corso di perfezionamento Didattica della Matematica e della Matematica Applicata, presso l’Università degli Studi di Roma ”La Sapienza”, di durata annuale, anno accademico 1995/1996. • Frequenza e sostenimento dell’esame finale del corso di perfezionamento Didattica della Matematica ed i Nuovi Programmi del Biennio, presso l’Università degli Studi di Roma ”Tor Vergata”, di durata annuale, anno accademico 1997/1998. • Titolo di Dottore di Ricerca conseguito il 23-02-2000, discutendo la tesi dal titolo: Disegni divisibili e loro automorfismi. • Nel Novembre 1999 ammissione mediante concorso alla Scuola di Specializzazione per l’Insegnamento presso l’Università degli Studi di Palermo, indirizzo Fisico-Matematico-Informatico, classe di concorso Matematica e Fisica. Ha conseguito in data 24-07-2001 il titolo di specializzazione e conseguente- mente l’abilitazione all’insegnamento nella classe di concorso Matematica e Fisica. • E’ stata titolare dell’assegno di ricerca dal titolo “Azione di gruppi su strutture geometriche presso" il Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo, di durata quadriennale, dal 01-05-2000 al 30-04-2002 e dal 01-08-2002 al 31-07-2004. • E' ricercatore universitario da gennaio 2005 nel settore scientifico disciplinare "Matematiche Complementari" (MAT/04).