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STORY TITLE SOURCES General Sources for Many Topics and Stories - the following books served Digital by David A. Mindell as sources of both specific and general information on the Apollo Project and were utilized in many places across the website. Journey to the Moon: The History of the by Eldon C. Hall

Apollo 13 by James Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger

Sunburst and Luminary: An Apollo Memoir by Don Eyles

Apollo 8 by Jeffrey Kluger

Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith

Apollo by Zack Scott Ramon Alonso's Moon Mission Grammar Ramon Alonso Interview

MIT Science Reporter:The Apollo Guidance Computer -- https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/mit-science-reporter%E2% 80%94computer-apollo-1965 Apollo's Iron Man: Doc Draper https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/27/obituaries/charles-s-draper-engineer-guided-astronauts-to-moon.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/07/28/charles-draper-dies-at-age-85/4bdedf80-c033-4563-a129- eb425d37180a/?utm_term=.ab5f7aaa7b19

http://www.nmspacemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.php?id=6

http://news.mit.edu/2015/michael-collins-speaks-about-first-moon-landing-0402

https://www.nap.edu/read/4548/chapter/7#126 Digital Fly-By-Wire Left Brains For The Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith

www..gov

https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2017/july/flight-training-magazine/fly-by-wire

www.aircraft.airbus.com aviationweek.com/blog/1987

http://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2011/t_5.html The Amazing DSKY: A Leapfrog in Computer Science E-2567 -- Operations & Functions of the MINKEY rendezvous computer program in the Apollo Command Module Computer

www.ibiblio.org/apollo

https://historical.ha.com/itm/explorers/space-exploration/apollo-guidance-computer-original-display-and-keyboard-dsky- unit/a/6033-41178.s

https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/mit-science-reporter%E2%80%94computer-apollo-1965

http://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/

https://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/yaDSKY.html

Don Eyles Interview Ramon Alonso Interview Frank Borman Interview Space Exploration: Rendezvous https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/Rendezvous.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/john- c-houbolt

https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/john-c-houbolt

https://www.space.com/25570-nasa-moon-pioneer-john-houbolt-obituary.html Martian Probe: The First Step Towards a Draper at 25: Innovation for the 21st Century by Christopher Morgan, p.18

Draper Reports: M-1097 – Concise Comparison of the photographic and communications Methods for Mars Reconnaissance M-1094 -- Propulsion System for a Mars Reconnaissance Probe - Interim Report of Study M-1096 – reentry problems Associated with a Mars Reconnaissance Vehicle M-1106 – Communications problems with a Mars Photo-Reconnaissance Vehicle M-1123 – Study report to Participants in Mars Reconnaissance Program R-0235 Recoverable Interplanetary Space Probe 1980 Draper Annual Report, p.18 982 Draper Annual Report, p.30 Neil Armstrong's Lasting Legacy https://vimeo.com/213832059/d6cdb64765

https://vimeo.com/213788803/3d0e764941

Seamus Tuohy Interview

Don Fraser Interview

https://www.wired.com/2012/08/neil-armstrong-test-pliot/ John C. Houbolt Helped Win the Space Race https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/us/john-c-houbolt-lunar-pioneer-dies-at-95.html

https://www.space.com/25570-nasa-moon-pioneer-john-houbolt-obituary.html

https://www.nasa.gov/langley/hall-of-honor/john-c-houbolt

https://www.nasa.gov/about/org_index.html Draper Rooftop Navigator Sunburst and Luminary by Don Eyles, p. 55

Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith, p.165-167

Journey To the Moon by Eldon Hall, p.103

David Mindell Interview Draper's Skymark System https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo1.cfm

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo1info.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo1.html

https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_01a_Summary.htm Apollo 4 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/apollo-4-was-first-ever-launch-from--kennedy-space-center

https://jalopnik.com/this-insane-rocket-is-why-the-soviet-union-never-made-i-1448356326 http://planetfacts.org/apollo-5-fire-in-the-hole/

https://history.nasa.gov/SP-350/ch-4-6.html

Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith

Sunburst and Luminary by Don Eyles

Digital Apollo by David Mindell Apollo 6 https://www.popsci.com/how-little-vibrations-break-big-rockets

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-025A Apollo 7 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo7.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo7.cfm

http://www.astronomy.com/news/2018/10/apollo-7-nasas-first-mini-mutiny-in-space

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_7/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo8.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo8.cfm

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_8/overview/

Apollo 8 by Jeffrey Kluger https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo9.html

https://www.space.com/28777-apollo-9-astronaut-lifechanging-spacewalk-video.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo9.cfm

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_9/overview/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsObsxU08ys

https://www.space.com/17590-apollo-10.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo10.html

https://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/Luminary.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo10.cfm Moon Landing https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2016/07/12/the_brilliant_funny_computer_code_behind_the_apollo_11_mission. html

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/overview/ Struck by Lightening https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/xyw4kz/john-aaron-apollo-12-curiosity-luck-and-sce-to-aux

https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a20950226/alan-bean-apollo-12-launch/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo12.html

https://science.howstuffworks.com/apollo-spacecraft7.htm https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo13.html

Apollo 13 by James Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger, Original interviews https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo14.html

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_14/overview/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo15.html

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_15/

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landing-missions/apollo15.cfm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xTGzesCsjs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrbS0B3l56A

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_lrv.html

https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/02/12/elon-musks-tesla-roadster-isnt-the-first-electric-car-in- space/#9740d4c4d576 https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_16/overview/

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_16/experiments/

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landing-missions/apollo16.cfm

https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landing-missions/apollo16-objectives.cfm

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo16.html

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_16/samples/ https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landing-missions/apollo17.cfm

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/leaving-moon-watching-home

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_17/samples/ Space Sextant Navigates Moon Missions http://www.astronomy.com/news/2018/06/the-story-of-the-apollo-sextant

"Apollo Guidance, Navigation, and Control: MIT's Role in Project Apollo" final report, sections 3.5 and 5.2

"Man-Machine Design for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System" by J. L. Nevins

http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1697.pdf

https://www.ion.org/museum/item_view.cfm?cid=6&scid=5&iid=293 The First Apollo Missions Contract Goes To.... Peter Kachmar Interview

Harrison Scmitt Interview

William Robertson Interview

Don Fraser Interview

John Miller Interview

https://vimeo.com/213789660/66d06df13f -- No 2 - GNC What Moon Missions Rocks Revealed https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/HamishALSEP.html?linkId=45898906

https://www.nasa.gov/50th/50th_magazine/lunarExploration.html

https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm How NASA Picked the Moon Landing Sites https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/El-BazF/El-BazF_11-2-09.htm

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4214/ch6-2.html

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-lunar-landing-sites-selected

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/site_studies/ The Fiery Return of the Apollo Missions https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/apollo-11/journey-home.cfm

https://science.howstuffworks.com/apollo-spacecraft7.htm

NASA Facts: An Educational Publication of the National Aeronuatics and Space Administration, "Manned Space Flight: Apollo", Volume 4, Issue 7 The Spider and the Moon Missions https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-LMdocs.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjDdu7WzjQw

https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/LM03_Apollo_Spacecraft_AS1-6.pdf

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/aot.htm

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ApolloLMRadarTND6849.pdf

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/CSM08_LM_&_SLA_Overview_pp61-68.pdf

https://www.discoverspace.org/discover/el-pomar-space-gallery/lunar-module The Apollo Missions Mother Ship https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/LM03_Apollo_Spacecraft_AS1-6.pdf

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/CSM06_Command_Module_Overview_pp39-52.pdf

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/CSM07_Service_Module_Overview_pp53-60.pdf

https://oce.jpl.nasa.gov/mib/Apollo-1.pdf

https://science.howstuffworks.com/apollo-spacecraft7.htm The Inertial Measurement Unit: Mechanical Engineering Wizardry http://nassp.sourceforge.net/wiki/Inertial_Measurement_Unit

http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1697.pdf

https://science.howstuffworks.com/gimbal2.htm

https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/sextant-controller-inertial-measurement-unit-apollo-guidancenavigation- system

"Man-Machine Design for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System" by J. L. Nevins

Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith The Apollo Guidance and Navigation System: Computer Engineering Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer by Eldon Hall Breakthrough "Reliability the Question" by Eldon Hall

Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4205/ch2-4.html The Awesome V: Rocket Science Marvel NASA, What Was the

NASA's Mighty Saturn V Moon Rocket Explained (Infographic)

The F-1 Engine Powered Apollo Into History, Blazes Path for Space Launch System Advanced Propulsion

Draper Reports T-1680 -- Control Design and Stability Analysis of an Autonomous Gimbaled Engine Vehicle P-4965 -- Absolute Stability Analysis of a Phase Plane Controlled Spacecraft P-5436 -- Design of Flight Control Systems Using Ascent Vehicle Stability Analysis Tool Dream Chaser: Aerospace Engineering https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/01/nasa-awards-crs2-spacex-orbital-atk-sierra-nevada/

https://mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/#/Detail/59469

Alan Campbell Interview Naval Sextant Makes a Comeback against Cyber Crime https://www.npr.org/2016/02/22/467210492/u-s-navy-brings-back-navigation-by-the-stars-for-officers Traverse Gravimeter: Draper Moon Mission Experiment D-Notes, Special APOLLO Edition, “Gravimeter A Success”, Jan 1973. pg. 4 Kennedy and the Space Race www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Space-Program.aspx

history.nasa.gov/moondec.html

www.nasa.gov/feature/john-f-kennedy-and-nasa Moon Mission Splashdown https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/apollo-11/journey-home.cfm

https://science.howstuffworks.com/apollo-spacecraft7.htm

NASA Facts: An Educational Publication of the National Aeronuatics and Space Administration, "Manned Space Flight: Apollo", Volume 4, Issue 7 Picklesticks: From Apollo Missions to Video Games Lance Drane Interview

http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/05/space-harrier-retrospective?page=2

https://atariage.com/5200/archives/hardware.html How Draper Trained the Astronauts "Apollo Guidance, Navigation, and Control: MIT's Role in Project Apollo" final report, section 10.2.1.2 - Command Module Optical Program Tests

Interviews with Malcom Johntston, Tom Fitzgibbon

Letter from Charles Stark Draper to Robert C. Seamans, Jr., November 21, 1961 Draper's SPIRE Project https://timeandnavigation.si.edu/satellite-navigation/reliable-global-navigation/inertial-navigation/developing-inertial- navigation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClJ6onvxKqs

https://cambridgehistory.org/innovation/Draper%20Labs.html Space Suit You Need for a Moon Missions https://www.space.com/25844-spacesuit-evolution-space-tech-photos.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20111010145433/http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201103256

https://science.howstuffworks.com/space-suit3.htm

https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronaut-bruce-mccandless-on-first-ever-untethered-spacewalk

https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/helmet-ev-aldrin-apollo-11

https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/helmet-pressure-bubble-aldrin-apollo-11

https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/pressure-suit-a7-l-armstrong-apollo-11-flown Core Rope Memory: When Computer Science Meets Girl Power https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=ndvmFlg1WmE

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/apollo/public/visual3.htm

Don Eyles Interview

Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer by Eldon C. Hall

Sunburst and Luminary by Don Eyles

"Man-Machine Design for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System" by J. L. Nevins

http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1697.pdf How Integrated Circuits Saved the Moon Landing https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/shutref/orbiter/avionics/gnc/dap.html

https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/apollo-guidance-computer-and-first-silicon-chips

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ic-pg2.html

Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer by Eldon C. Hall Human Computers Made the Moon Missions Possible https://www.history.com/news/human-computers-women-at-nasa

https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.5.9084/full/

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_kjohnson.html

http://mentalfloss.com/article/71576/black-female-mathematicians-who-sent-astronauts-space

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/when-the-computer-wore-a-skirt-langley-s-computers-1935-1970

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2016/10/31/when-computers-were-human/

https://www.nasa.gov/larc/from-computers-to-leaders-women-at-nasa-langley Math That Made the Moon Landing - needs more keywords and maybe https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/newton.html links at the beginning. Submarine Technology Aids the Space Race https://www.draper.com/explore-solutions/trident-ii-mark-6-mod-1-guidance-system

https://books.google.com/books?id=G8Dml1x55r0C

https://www.popsci.com/blog-network/shipshape/satellite-navigation-was-created-submarine-based-nuclear-war#page-2

https://timeandnavigation.si.edu/satellite-navigation/reliable-global-navigation/first-satellite-navigation-system/navigating- a-submarine

https://books.google.com/books?id=IhXP6Va3bvAC Mars: The Next Chapter in Space Exploration https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-a-new-orbital-moon-station-could-take-us-to-mars-and-beyond/

https://www.voanews.com/a/to-get-to-mars-head-for-the-moon/3550319.html

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/664158main_sls_fs_master.pdf Project Paperclip and the Space Race http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4443934.stm

https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-58-no-3/operation- paperclip-the-secret-intelligence-program-to-bring-nazi-scientists-to-america.html

https://www.businessinsider.com/nazi-scientists-space-program-2014-2 Drafting the Apollo Missions https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/art-air-and-space

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/apollo-mission-anniversary-art-history-news/

https://history.nasa.gov/diagrams/apollo.html Space Engineering and the first Clean Rooms https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/TP-2006-213726.pdf

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/CSM25_Apollo_Manufacturing_pp245-252.pdf

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670008745.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/series/cleanroom.html

http://www.oir.caltech.edu/twiki_oir/pub/Main/PatrickMurphy/NASA_SP-5074.pdf

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/bacteria-can-eat-the-cleaning-products-nasa-uses-to-sterilize-its- spaceships/562016/ Popular Moon Landing Tech and Spinoffs http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/vintagespac

https://spinoff.nasa.gov/pdf/Apollo_Flyer.pdfe/2017/07/26/no-nasa-didnt-invent-tang/#.XAabhBNKhTY

https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2009/Apollo%20Spinoffs.html

https://www.greatbusinessschools.org/nasa/

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/space/5893387/Apollo-11-moon-landing-top-15-Nasa-inventions.html

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/nasa-inventions/nasa-improve-air-and-water1.htm How Apollo Astronauts Phoned Home https://www.nasa.gov/content/apollo-10-was-moon-landing-rehearsal-eft-1-preps-for-trips-beyond

http://web.mit.edu/digitalapollo/Documents/Chapter8/trackingapollo.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/services/networks/sn

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19680003409.pdf

http://web.mit.edu/digitalapollo/Documents/Chapter8/apollomsfn.pdf

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660012930.pdf Space Engineers and Simulations Original Interviews with Tom Fitzgibbon, David Mindell, and William Robertson Another Moon Landing Sooner Than You Think! https://www.draper.com/news-releases/draper-returns-moon-enables-future-exploration

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/science/far-side-moon.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/world/asia/china-change-4-moon.html A New Space Race for Helium 3 https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/series/moon/why_go_back.html

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a27961/mit-nuclear-fusion-experiment-increases-efficiency/

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/408558/mining-the-moon/

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/wstf/news/2012/helium3.html

https://vimeo.com/79536133

Harrison Schmitt Interview IBM vs. MIT: A Computer Science Showdown Left Brains for the Right Stuff by Hugh Blair-Smith Apollo and the Evolution of Computer Science Original interviews with Lance Drane and others

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2018/20180522-return-to-the-moon-preparing-astronauts.html

https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Electronic/Whirlwind.html

Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer by Eldon C. Hall The F-1 Engine: Aerospace Engineering Marvel NASA, What Was the Saturn V?

NASA's Mighty Saturn V Moon Rocket Explained (Infographic)

The F-1 Engine Powered Apollo Into History, Blazes Path for Space Launch System Advanced Propulsion

http://www.rocket.com/article/setting-standard-3-d-printed-rocket-engines

https://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/f1_engine.html

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/propulsion/index.html

Draper Reports: T-1680 -- Control Design and Stability Analysis of an Autonomous Gimbaled Engine Vehicle P-4965 -- Absolute Stability Analysis of a Phase Plane Controlled Spacecraft P-5436 -- Design of Launch Vehicle Flight Control Systems Using Ascent Vehicle Stability Analysis Tool Space Exploration: Extravehicular Activity https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-30_Extravehicular_Activity.htm

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2014/07/18/10-surprising-secrets-from-apollo-11s-historic-moon-landing/#. XEChjM9KhTY

https://www.wired.com/2012/04/space-humans-vs-robots/

https://www.space.com/28777-apollo-9-astronaut-lifechanging-spacewalk-video.html

https://www.herox.com/crowdsourcing-news/705-inside-the-space-suit-of-the-future

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/hubble-education.html