Using the Space Program from Mercury to Apollo As Portrayed In
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NASA Manned Launch Vehicle Lightning Protection Development
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090037586 2019-08-30T08:05:42+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server NASA Manned Launch Vehicle Lightning Protection Development Matthew B. McCollum NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Steven R. Jones NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Jonathan D. Mack NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA ABSTRACT understanding of the lightning environment has highlighted the vulnerability of the protection Historically, the National Aeronautics and Space schemes and associated risk to the vehicle, which Administration (NASA) relied heavily on lightning has resulted in lost launch opportunities and avoidance to protect launch vehicles and crew from increased expenditures in manpower to assess lightning effects. As NASA transitions from the Space Shuttle vehicle health and safety after Space Shuttle to the new Constellation family of lightning events at the launch pad. launch vehicles and spacecraft, NASA engineers are imposing design and construction standards on the Because of high-percentage launch availability and spacecraft and launch vehicles to withstand both the long-term on-pad requirements, LCC constraints are direct and indirect effects of lightning. no longer considered feasible.[5] The Constellation vehicles must be designed to withstand direct and A review of current Space Shuttle lightning indirect effects of lightning. A review of the vehicle constraints and protection methodology will be design and potential concerns will be presented as presented, as well as a historical review of Space well as the new catenary lightning protection system Shuttle lightning requirements and design. -
James Albert Michener (1907-97): Educator, Textbook Editor, Journalist, Novelist, and Educational Philanthropist--An Imaginary Conversation
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 474 132 SO 033 912 AUTHOR Parker, Franklin; Parker, Betty TITLE James Albert Michener (1907-97): Educator, Textbook Editor, Journalist, Novelist, and Educational Philanthropist--An Imaginary Conversation. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 18p.; Paper presented at Uplands Retirement Community (Pleasant Hill, TN, June 17, 2002). PUB TYPE Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Authors; *Biographies; *Educational Background; Popular Culture; Primary Sources; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Conversation; Educators; Historical Research; *Michener (James A); Pennsylvania (Doylestown); Philanthropists ABSTRACT This paper presents an imaginary conversation between an interviewer and the novelist, James Michener (1907-1997). Starting with Michener's early life experiences in Doylestown (Pennsylvania), the conversation includes his family's poverty, his wanderings across the United States, and his reading at the local public library. The dialogue includes his education at Swarthmore College (Pennsylvania), St. Andrews University (Scotland), Colorado State University (Fort Collins, Colorado) where he became a social studies teacher, and Harvard (Cambridge, Massachusetts) where he pursued, but did not complete, a Ph.D. in education. Michener's experiences as a textbook editor at Macmillan Publishers and in the U.S. Navy during World War II are part of the discourse. The exchange elaborates on how Michener began to write fiction, focuses on his great success as a writer, and notes that he and his wife donated over $100 million to educational institutions over the years. Lists five selected works about James Michener and provides a year-by-year Internet search on the author.(BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Reading the Novel of Migrancy
Reading the Novel of Migrancy Sheri-Marie Harrison Abstract This essay argues that novels like Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings, Viet Thanh Nguyen’s The Sympathizer, Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad, and Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West exemplify a new form of the novel that does not depend on national identification, but is instead organized around the transnational circulation of people and things in a manner that parallels the de- regulated flow of neoliberal capital. In their literal depiction of the movement of people across borders, these four very different novels collectively address the circulation of codes, tropes, and strategies of representation for particular ethnic and racial groups. Moreover, they also address, at the level of critique, the rela- tionship of such representational strategies to processes of literary canonization. The metafictional and self-reflexive qualities of James’s and Nguyen’s novels con- tinually draw the reader’s attention to the politics of reading and writing, and in the process they thwart any easy conclusions about what it means to write about conflicts like the Vietnam war or the late 1970s in Jamaica. Likewise, despite their different settings Hamid’s Exit West and Whitehead’s Underground Railroad are alike in that they are both about the movement of stateless people across borders and both push the boundaries of realism itself by employing non-realistic devices as a way of not representing travel across borders. In pointing to, if not quite il- luminating, the “dark places of the earth,” the novel of migrancy thus calls into existence, without really representing, conditions for a global framework that does not yet exist. -
JAMES A. MICHENER Has Published More Than 30 Books
Bowdoin College Commencement 1992 One of America’s leading writers of historical fiction, JAMES A. MICHENER has published more than 30 books. His writing career began with the publication in 1947 of a book of interrelated stories titled Tales of the South Pacific, based upon his experiences in the U.S. Navy where he served on 49 different Pacific islands. The work won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize, and inspired one of the most popular Broadway musicals of all time, Rodgers and Hammerstein’s South Pacific, which won its own Pulitzer Prize. Michener’s first book set the course for his career, which would feature works about many cultures with emphasis on the relationships between different peoples and the need to overcome ignorance and prejudice. Random House has published Michener’s works on Japan (Sayonara), Hawaii (Hawaii), Spain (Iberia), Southeast Asia (The Voice of Asia), South Africa (The Covenant) and Poland (Poland), among others. Michener has also written a number of works about the United States, including Centennial, which became a television series, Chesapeake, and Texas. Since 1987, the prolific Michener has written five books, including Alaska and his most recent work, The Novel. His books have been issued in virtually every language in the world. Michener has also been involved in public service, beginning with an unsuccessful 1962 bid for Congress. From 1979 to 1983, he was a member of the Advisory Council to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, an experience which he used to write his 1982 novel Space. Between 1978 and 1987, he served on the committee that advises that U.S. -
Apollo Program 1 Apollo Program
Apollo program 1 Apollo program The Apollo program was the third human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States' civilian space agency. First conceived during the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in a May 25, 1961 address to Congress. Project Mercury was followed by the two-man Project Gemini (1962–66). The first manned flight of Apollo was in 1968 and it succeeded in landing the first humans on Earth's Moon from 1969 through 1972. Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) on the Moon on July 20, 1969 and walked on its surface while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command spacecraft, and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. In these six spaceflights, 12 men walked on the Moon. Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions. -
Evolution of the Rendezvous-Maneuver Plan for Lunar-Landing Missions
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA TN D-7388 00 00 APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT - EVOLUTION OF THE RENDEZVOUS-MANEUVER PLAN FOR LUNAR-LANDING MISSIONS by Jumes D. Alexunder und Robert We Becker Lyndon B, Johnson Spuce Center ffoaston, Texus 77058 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. AUGUST 1973 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No, 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA TN D-7388 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date APOLLOEXPERIENCEREPORT August 1973 EVOLUTIONOFTHERENDEZVOUS-MANEUVERPLAN 6. Performing Organizatlon Code FOR THE LUNAR-LANDING MISSIONS 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. James D. Alexander and Robert W. Becker, JSC JSC S-334 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address I - 924-22-20- 00- 72 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Houston, Texas 77058 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Note I National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D. C. 20546 I 15. Supplementary Notes The JSC Director waived the use of the International System of Units (SI) for this Apollo Experience I Report because, in his judgment, the use of SI units would impair the usefulness of the report or I I result in excessive cost. 16. Abstract The evolution of the nominal rendezvous-maneuver plan for the lunar landing missions is presented along with a summary of the significant developments for the lunar module abort and rescue plan. A general discussion of the rendezvous dispersion analysis that was conducted in support of both the nominal and contingency rendezvous planning is included. -
The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society
June TheECLIPSE 2020 The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society From the President It’s been another long, strange month. Lots of things have been happening that aren’t in the Next Membership Meeting: realm of astronomy and I have been distracted by Stay tuned to the BSAS Google Group it all. As you know, we haven’t had a meeting in a or Night Sky Network email for couple of months, and I am really starting to miss information about future meetings. the meetings. It is nice to get out of the house and socialize with people that share a common interest. Hopefully this month is the month that we can come together as a group and get back into a new normal routine. Watch for emails and Facebook updates regarding the monthly meeting. Last month did have a big space event with the In this Issue: launch of the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule to the Happy Birthday Pete Conrad ISS late in the month. It marks a return to U.S. byRobinByrne 3 spaceflight and NASA working with private corporations to get astronauts into space. I hope Summer Triangle Corner: Vega you had a chance to watch the launch on TV or by David Prosper and VivianWhite 8 the Internet, it was very exciting to see. I have not been around long enough to remember the Apollo BSAS Board Minutes launch days, but it did bring back memories of the May6,2020 10 shuttle launches for me. I hope this gets America excited about space travel again and brings back Membership Information 13 talk of getting people to the moon. -
The Following Are Edited Excerpts from Two Interviews Conducted with Dr
Interviews with Dr. Wernher von Braun Editor's note: The following are edited excerpts from two interviews conducted with Dr. Wernher von Braun. Interview #1 was conducted on August 25, 1970, by Robert Sherrod while Dr. von Braun was deputy associate administrator for planning at NASA Headquarters. Interview #2 was conducted on November 17, 1971, by Roger Bilstein and John Beltz. These interviews are among those published in Before This Decade is Out: Personal Reflections on the Apollo Program, (SP-4223, 1999) edited by Glen E. Swanson, whick is vailable on-line at http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4223/sp4223.htm on the Web. Interview #1 In the Apollo Spacecraft Chronology, you are quoted as saying "It is true that for a long time we were not in favor of lunar orbit rendezvous. We favored Earth orbit rendezvous." Well, actually even that is not quite correct, because at the outset we just didn't know which route [for Apollo to travel to the Moon] was the most promising. We made an agreement with Houston that we at Marshall would concentrate on the study of Earth orbit rendezvous, but that did not mean we wanted to sell it as our preferred scheme. We weren't ready to vote for it yet; our study was meant to merely identify the problems involved. The agreement also said that Houston would concentrate on studying the lunar rendezvous mode. Only after both groups had done their homework would we compare notes. This agreement was based on common sense. You don't start selling your scheme until you are convinced that it is superior. -
Space Almanac 2007
2007 Space Almanac The US military space operation in facts and figures. Compiled by Tamar A. Mehuron, Associate Editor, and the staff of Air Force Magazine 74 AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2007 Space 0.05g 60,000 miles Geosynchronous Earth Orbit 22,300 miles Hard vacuum 1,000 miles Medium Earth Orbit begins 300 miles 0.95g 100 miles Low Earth Orbit begins 60 miles Astronaut wings awarded 50 miles Limit for ramjet engines 28 miles Limit for turbojet engines 20 miles Stratosphere begins 10 miles Illustration not to scale Artist’s conception by Erik Simonsen AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2007 75 US Military Missions in Space Space Support Space Force Enhancement Space Control Space Force Application Launch of satellites and other Provide satellite communica- Ensure freedom of action in space Provide capabilities for the ap- high-value payloads into space tions, navigation, weather infor- for the US and its allies and, plication of combat operations and operation of those satellites mation, missile warning, com- when directed, deny an adversary in, through, and from space to through a worldwide network of mand and control, and intel- freedom of action in space. influence the course and outcome ground stations. ligence to the warfighter. of conflict. US Space Funding Millions of constant Fiscal 2007 dollars 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Fiscal Year 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89 92 95 98 01 04 Fiscal Year NASA DOD Other Total Fiscal Year NASA DOD Other Total 1959 1,841 3,457 240 5,538 1983 13,051 18,601 675 32,327 1960 3,205 3,892 -
COL. FRANK BORMAN Born Circa 1928 Started Modeling in 1938
The AMA History Project Presents: Biography of COL. FRANK BORMAN Born circa 1928 Started modeling in 1938 Written by JK/FB (1966), NASA (1993), & BA (2003); Transcribed & Edited by SS (07/2003); Updated by JS (03 /2020) Career: ▪ 1970-1986: Was CEO and chairman of Eastern Airlines ▪ Retired from the United States Air Force, served as a NASA astronaut and a professor at West Point ▪ Received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor ▪ Graduate of West Point ▪ Builds and flies mostly Society of Antique Modelers (SAM) Free Flight models ▪ Has been restoring old airplanes for the past 13 years [as of 2003]; has completed over 17 restorations in that time ▪ Currently [2003] is CEO of a corporation involved in laser technology ▪ Served as commander for both the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions, was an Apollo program resident manager and was field director of NASA’s Space Station Task Force ▪ Appointed special presidential ambassador on trips to Europe and the Orient Honors: ▪ 1968: AMA Distinguished Service Award ▪ Member of the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame and the International Aerospace Hall of Fame ▪ Was awarded the Harmon International Aviation Trophy, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Tony Jannus Award and the National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal John Kiker interviewed Col. Frank Borman for the July/August 1966 issue of American Modeler, in the “AMA News” section. An Interview: What AMA and Modeling Mean to an Astronaut [By John Kiker] Command pilot of NASA’s longest space flight credits model aviation as career stimulus in this exclusive interview with AMA reporter. -
Celebrate Apollo
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth “…We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share. … I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more exciting, or more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish …” President John F. Kennedy May 25, 1961 Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth Less than five months into his new administration, on May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy, announced the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy’s bold challenge that historic spring day set the nation on a journey unparalleled in human history. Just eight years later, on July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module, taking “one small step” in the Sea of Tranquility, thus achieving “one giant leap for mankind,” and demonstrating to the world that the collective will of the nation was strong enough to overcome any obstacle. It was an achievement that would be repeated five other times between 1969 and 1972. By the time the Apollo 17 mission ended, 12 astronauts had explored the surface of the moon, and the collective contributions of hundreds of thousands of engineers, scientists, astronauts and employees of NASA served to inspire our nation and the world. -
The Great Game in Space China’S Evolving ASAT Weapons Programs and Their Implications for Future U.S
The Great Game in Space China’s Evolving ASAT Weapons Programs and Their Implications for Future U.S. Strategy Ian Easton The Project 2049 Institute seeks If there is a great power war in this century, it will not begin to guide decision makers toward with the sound of explosions on the ground and in the sky, but a more secure Asia by the rather with the bursting of kinetic energy and the flashing of century’s mid-point. The laser light in the silence of outer space. China is engaged in an anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons drive that has profound organization fills a gap in the implications for future U.S. military strategy in the Pacific. This public policy realm through Chinese ASAT build-up, notable for its assertive testing regime forward-looking, region-specific and unexpectedly rapid development as well as its broad scale, research on alternative security has already triggered a cascade of events in terms of U.S. and policy solutions. Its strategic recalibration and weapons acquisition plans. The interdisciplinary approach draws notion that the U.S. could be caught off-guard in a “space on rigorous analysis of Pearl Harbor” and quickly reduced from an information-age socioeconomic, governance, military juggernaut into a disadvantaged industrial-age power in any conflict with China is being taken very seriously military, environmental, by U.S. war planners. As a result, while China’s already technological and political impressive ASAT program continues to mature and expand, trends, and input from key the U.S. is evolving its own counter-ASAT deterrent as well as players in the region, with an eye its next generation space technology to meet the challenge, toward educating the public and and this is leading to a “great game” style competition in informing policy debate.