Intercontinental Press

Africt Asia Europe Oceania the Americas Vol. 12, No. 41 © 1974 by Intercontinental Press November 18, 1974 First Act Under State of Siege Argentine Police

Raid PST's

Juon Carlos Coral, a leader of the PST, National Office denounces police; "instead of looking for those who have attacked our members, the police are raiding us, the victims." Pentagon Plots War in Arab East Pressure Mounts in Northern Ireland Ford Urged to End Blockade of Cuba Protest Arrest of Spanish Feminists

Documenfos .k ' J'iLqA j

Trotsky, Cannon Discuten Trabojo Para Preparar B ft? I Congreso de Fundacion de la Cuarta Internacional Protest Arrest

of Spanish Feminists In This Issue

In an appeal issued in Stockholm, exiled FEATURES 1536 Invest in Food—and Watch Profits Grow Peruvian revolutionist Hugo Blanco has called for an international campaign in SPAIN 1506 Protest Arrest of Feminists defense of two Spanish feminists, lawyer ARGENTINA 1507 Police Raid Buenos Aires Headquarters Lydia Falcon and psychoanalyst Geno- veva Sastre. of the PST—by Gerry Foley Falcon, Sastre, their husbands, and ARAB EAST some of their friends were arrested in 1510 Pentagon Plots War—by Dick Fidler connection with the September 13 bomb U.S.A. 1512 Ford Urged to End Blockade of Cuba ing of the Bar Rolando, a Madrid cafe frequented by police. They are accused SOUTH KOREA 1512 Opposition to Park Steps Up Protests of having helped shelter members of the — by Peter Green ETA who allegedly carried out the bomb ing. The police also charge them with CANADA 1513 Ottawa Moves to Deport 1,500 Haitians membership in the Spanish Communist party. 1514 Unions Denounce Ottawa's Chile Policy The Swedish section of Amnesty Interna AUSTRALIA 1514 Socialists Gain in Fight Against Expul tional, which is circulating Blanco's ap peal, issued a statement of its own pointing sion from Young Labor Association out the flimsiness of the police charges. SOVIET UNION 1515 Valentyn Moroz Continues Hunger Strike "It is a well-known fact," said Bo Lind- blom, chairman of the Swedish section, IRELAND 1516 Since the Concentration Camp Rebellions "that all of the arrested belong to the — by Patricia Fryd Spanish opposition. Their homes —con tinually watched by the police—have been BRAZIL 1519 New Documentation on Reign of Torture natural meeting places for many mem — by Judy White bers of the Leftist opposition. It is there fore not very probable that anyone should GREECE 1520 The Two Greek CPs Set Up an Electoral try to hide there, trying to escape the Bloc—by Gerry Foley police." He also pointed out that the ex plosion in the bar was "very different CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1523 Protest Repression of Dissidents from anything ETA has ever done." DOCUMENTS 1534 LCR-ETA(VI) Denounces Report of Spanish The ETA itself denounced the bombing October 17 as the work of "ultrafascist Police grouplets" closely linked to the police. In his appeai, Hugo Blanco called attention 1534 Repression in Franco's Jails to reports that a notice was circulated AROUND the WORLD 1524 among the Madrid police, warning them against entering the Bar Rolando the day DRAWINGS 1521 Constantine Caramanlis—by Copain of the bombing. Only one person con EN ESPANOL: nected with the police, a secretary, died in the explosion, which took twelve lives. 1526 Trotsky, Cannon Discuten Trabajo Para The real reason behind the arrest of Preparar Congreso de Fundacion de the oppositionists, Lindblom suggested, is the Franco regime's desire "to put an la Cuarta Internacional end to all discussion about 'democratiza tion' in Spain" and "to get rid of some of the ieading critics of the Spanish political Intercontinental Press, P.O. Box 1 16, Village Station, which may not necessarily coincide with those of Inter system. As nobody would believe that New York, N.Y. 10014. continental Press. Insofar as it reflects editorial opinion, they are the real terrorists, they are ac EDITOR; Joseph Honsen. unsigned material expresses the standpoint of revolu cused of having formed some kind of CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Pierre Frank, Livio Maiton, tionary Marxism. terrorist service organization." Ernest Mandel, George Novock. PARIS OFFICE; Pierre Frank, 10 Impasse Guemenee, EDITORIAL STAFF: Michael Boumann, Gerry Foley, 75004i Paris, France. Ernest Harsch, Judy White. TO SUBSCRIBE: For one year send SI 5 to Interconti BUSINESS MANAGER: Rebc Flonsen. nental Press, P.O. Box 1 16, Village Station, New York, Next Week ASSISTANT BUSINESS MANAGER: Steven Worshell. N.Y. 10014. Write for rates on first class and airmail. COPY EDITOR: Mary Roche. Special rates available for subscriptions to colonial "Why Public Transport Is Falling TECHNICAL STAFF; Bill Burton, Art Gursch, James and semicolonial countries. M. Morgan. Subscription correspondence should be addressed to Apart." A report on the Australian Published in New York each Monday except last in Intercontinental Press, P.O. Box 1 16, Village Station, experience that leads one to wonder December and first in January; not published in August. New York, N.Y. 10014. Because of the continuing dete whether putting a gasoline engine Intercontinental Press specializes in political analysis rioration of the U.S. postal system, please allow five in a buggy wasn't one of the great and interpretation of events of particular interest to weeks for change of address. Include your old address est blunders in history. the labor, socialist, colonial independence. Black, and as well as your new address, and, if possible, an women's liberation movements. address label from a recent issue. Signed articles represent the views of the authors. Copyright © 1974 by Intercontinental Press.

Intercontinental Press First Act Under the State of Siege

Police Raid Buenos Aires Headquarters of the PST

By Gerry Foley

The Argentine government issued a "According to the report, there was the Interior was already an admission decree November 6 putting the coun- also a photo lab, slide projectors, and that the government could not, or try under a state of siege as of 4:30 several pictures of public mass meet- would not, carry out its legal respon- that afternoon. ings, as well as others of the assassi- sibilities. At a news conference Minister of the nated former chief of police Alberto "Instead of looking for those who Interior Alberto Rocamora explained Villar, and his successor, Luis Marga- have attacked our members and our that the decree had been made neces- ride, headquarters," Ctorfn quoted Coral as sary by threats from an unspecified "Police sources added that sandbags saying, "the police are raiding us, the source against schoolchildren. Al- had also been found, arranged to victims." legedly some group sought to close serve as barricades." In its November 8 issue, the rightist down the schools for a certain period. Apparently the police report did not Buenos Aires daily La Razon said: Rocamora did not indicate for what mention that the PST national head- "It was also reported, off the record, ^ reason. quarters includes the offices of the that the headquarters was frequented "Children of school age are being party's newspaper, Avanzada Soda- by a top leader of an outlawed or- threatened," he told the reporters, "as lista. Had this been noted, the presence ganization." Perhaps some police of- you have seen in the papers and heard of photographic equipment would ficial told this to a reporter to try on all the radio reports. This means have been self-explanatory. Moreover, to justify the raid on a legally recog- violating the sanctity of the family. since there were pictures of many pub- nized party. However, the entire politi- This means destroying the peace of lie figures, why was it necessary to cal world in Argentina knows that the home. It goes beyond any war point out specially that there were also the PST has no links of any kind j that there might be between us and photos of the assassinated chief of with any guerrilla organization. It the terrorists, a war in which those police and his successor? has less in common with them in fact of us who struggle in one form or The claims about finding weapons than the government party, which another for social peace find ourselves in the PST headquarters were in par- most of the guerrillas supported until exposed to danger. This means that ticular bad faith. The police could not recently. At a certain point, in fact, the forces of evil are trying to go have been unaware, since the chief of Perdn himself gave explicit encourage- beyond the limits of an ideological the Policia Federal was present, that ment to the guerrillas. They did him struggle or dispute, no matter how the PST had been given special autho- a service by assassinating Augusto fierce it might be. rization by the minister of the interior Vandor, a union leader who threat- "We think that the measure taken to defend itself against the right-wing ened in the late 1960s to lead an by the executive branch is a prudent terrorists. important section of the labor move- one in view of this new evil that is In fact, the raid came less than a ment out of the Peronist camp, assailing the republic, and the execu- week after three members of the PST Nonetheless, the police continue to tive branch is determined to fight to were murdered by rightist commandos hold the six persons they found in the last extreme to preserve the peace who claimed to be policemen. It came the PST headquarters; it has not been of the Argentine home." in the wake also of a long series of reported on what charges. The government's first move under terrorist attacks on PST headquarters Although under Argentine law a the emergency rules was to raid the throughout the country. The national state of siege does not empower the national headquarters of the Partido headquarters itself was machine- government to ban political parties Socialista de los Trabajadores(PST— gunned only two weeks earlier, at or seriously restrict their functioning. Socialist Workers party, a sympa- 5 a.m., October 23, by a rightist goon a raid of this type obviously seriously thizing organization of the Fourth In- squad. So, it seemed hardly worth obstructs the work of a party, ternational) and arrest six members noting that there were sandbags on the The fact that the authorities did not there. premises. arrest PST members who later re- The raid took place at 7:50 a.m.. On the other hand, by emphasizing moved equipment from the raided November 7, according to the Buenos (and greatly exaggerating, according headquarters indicates that a section Aires daily Clarin. The police were to a statement by PST leader Juan of the bourgeoisie and probably of accompanied by the chief and deputy Carlos Coral in the same issue of the government itself is still concerned chief of the Policia Federal themselves. Clarin) the defense of the PST head- about legal credibility. "The police report said," the Novem- quarters, the police were only pointing Since a state of siege has been in ber 8 Clarin reported, "that pistols up their own failure to stop the right- force in Argentina for most of the last and rifles were found, along with ist gangs who have been murdering thirty years, except for election clubs, brass knuckles, and pictures and raiding with full impunity for periods, the courts have defined rather of public officials, police chiefs, and many months. The authorization for precisely what they are prepared to military officers. self-defense given by the Ministry of consider legal in such circumstances.

November 18, 1974 1507 The rules were listed in the November permits is holding prisoners incom almost openly: 'We don't know who 8 issue of Clartn. municado for extended periods. Thus, the "AAA" is,' Semana PoUtica, a week Under a state of siege, the govern it enables the government to use tor ly financed by [Jos6] Lopez Rega [the ment can arrest anyone it believes is ture to terrorize political opposition minister of social welfare and strong involved in "subversive activities" and ists and trade-union militants. man of the Peronist right] wrote, but transport detainees to any point in If the Argentine government were it is clear that in a few days its activity the country. However, such detention really concerned about stopping the has demobilized the leading cadres is not to last more than thirty days, violence, there is abundant evidence of the far-left groups." and persons detained have the right that it would not have to look very Labreveux found himself on the to leave the country, going into exile. far or very hard for those most re AAA death list, Gian Santiago wrote A state of siege "cannot," Clarin spec sponsible for it. Although leftist guer in the next issue of L'Espresso, and ified, 'be used to penalize publications rillas have carried out a number of was forced to flee to Peru. for expressing criticisms or opinions assassinations of police and military Santiago reported that rightists in of the government's actions." Further officials that tend to obscure the reali the government were beginning to be more, because this measure is excep ties of the situation, it is the rightists embarrassed by reports linking them tional by definition, no penalties can who inspire the most fear. to the AAA and had started making legally be imposed under it that have "For the first time since Peron's tri denials. a permanent or irreparable effect, such umphal return to Argentina," Le "However," the L'Espresso reporter as expropriation of goods or sen Monde correspondent Philippe Labre- continued, "if there is no connection tencing of persons by special courts. veux wrote in the November 3 issue between the AAA and the official The leader of the main opposition of the Rome weekly L'Espresso, "the bodies, there have been some coin party, Ricardo B alb in of the Union high official who received me in his cidences that are, to say the least, Civica Radical (UCR—Radical Civic house, surrounded by familiar and strange. There is the case of Ursula Union, the bourgeois liberal party), reassuring objects, came to the point Allgeier Levze, the secretary of Walter did not challenge the government's of talking frankly with me. He served Hanf, a correspondent of the German right to impose the measure, Clarin the General [Peron], and perhaps more television network Ard, who was con reported, but said that it would have than anyone else had received tokens demned to death by the feared or to be "applied in a discriminate and of esteem and recognition from him; ganization. She was given until last just way in order for it to be effective this official continues to serve Peron's Friday to leave the country. Terrified, and do credit to the government. wife . . . but every day more reluc Miss Allgeier packed her bags, but Otherwise, it threatens to provoke the tantly. In fact, the entourage of Senora at the last minute she was forced to most lamentable and tragic division Estela Martinez de Peron inspired only postpone her departure for three days. among Argentines." fear in this official. 'They are gang Last Monday, at 7 a.m., Walter Hanf The UCR leader made a statement sters,' he said with his voice trembling, and his secretary were kidnapped. on October 29 condemning an earlier 'intriguers hungry for power and Fortunately, the German Embassy in raid on the PST headquarters in Cor money. They have no scruples, even tervened quickiy and the kidnapping doba. Juan Carlos Coral, the general about murder.'" was transformed into an arrest. . . . secretary of the PST, had a meeting Rightist assassination squads, the About thirty journalists have been with Balbin after the raid on the Alianza Anticomunista Argentina forced to leave Argentina by threats party's national headquarters, the (AAA—Argentine Anticommunist Al from the AAA, including Augusto November 8 CZarm noted. liance), began operating openly after Montesinos, the correspondent of the Raul Alfonsin, the leader of the more Peron's death, Labreveux explained. Brazilian magazine Veja, who left outspokenly liberal wing of the UCR, (It was then that the Argentine bour after a rather horrifying adventure. who has been threatened with assassi geoisie lost much of its confidence in "One night, he was dragged from nation by the rightist death squad the future, since Per6n was the only his bed by members of the death rons, noted that "the state of siege bourgeois politician still able to keep squadron and taken to an area near has always been used to trample on the masses in check.) One of the first Ezeiza airport. After holding him for individual freedoms and rights." operations they claimed was the at hours under the threat of death, the Alfonsin had good reason to think tempted assassination of the liberal group took him downtown and at that the government does not need UCR Senator Hipolito Solari Yrigo- dawn turned him over to the police, special powers to suppress those re yen. Recently AAA death threats who held him under arrest for twenty- sponsible for the violence. The left- forced him to flee the country. four hours." wing guerrillas consider that the coun Since the attack on Solari Yrigoyen, In the November 3 issue of the try is in a civil war and publicly claim the French correspondent continued, Swedish daily Dagens Nyheter, Mats credit for their actions. The authorities "the AAA has carried out at least a Holmberg described the case of the thus have no difficulty convicting them score of terrorist attacks. kidnapping and murder of three Uru under the laws on the statute books, "They work with complete impunity guayan political refugees who had once they are apprehended. What spe and the obvious complicity of the po taken asylum in Argentina after being cial powers are useful for, as the raid lice, as well as the other repressive forced to leave Chile by the Pinochet on the PST headquarters indicates, forces. Their threats are taken serious coup. Since the three had been granted is precisely to create conditions that ly. Those whose names appear on asylum in Sweden, and one had a make it easier to victimize politicai their death lists go into hiding or United Nations passport as a recog and trade-union activists. leave the country. nized political refugee, their murder Another thing that the state of siege "The organization's backers rejoice became an international scandal.

Intercontinental Press Two other Uruguayan refugees kid a fingerprint check could be made." to a backwoods reactionary sheet. The napped at the same time— Nicasio Ro By unleashing this reign of ultra- New York Times editors were ap mero and Ribera Moreno—lived to rightist gangster terror, the Argentine parently uncomfortable with their tell the story, proving the Argentine government has taken a dangerous task. In the November 7 issue, the government's responsibility. course. A number of clumsy opera statement by the Argentine minister "Ribera Moreno was in the same tions by the AAA indicate that spec of the interior was falsified to cover room as Luis Latronica and Daniel tacular scandals could be touched off up its crude demagogic character. Ro- Banfi when the group of armed men at any time. Internationally, the re- camora had said that the government broke in. He said they were obviously would "fight to the last extreme to pre looking only for Daniel Banfi. He serve the peace of the Argentine home." thought that the decision to take him The New York Times changed the and Luis Latronica along was made word "home" to "people." off the top of their heads. The clumsiness of the AAA and the "The kidnappers wore civilian Peronist right offer good possibilities clothes. They identified themselves as for blocking the regime's plans to police. Daniel Banfi recognized one as legitimize massive repression of the a member of an ultraright student left by exposing those who are really organization in Uruguay. . . . responsible for the violence, by point "The refugees were taken to an aban ing out that the tracks of the most doned house, where their captors iden brutal and "indiscriminate" killers lead tified themselves as members of the right to the government. And every at AAA. They began questioning their tack by the government on a legal so prisoners under torture about their cialist party like the PST, which is past political activities in Uruguay committed to leading the masses to and any contacts they might have with establish genuine democracy, is irrefu left groups in Argentina. table proof of the hypocrisy of the re '"They knew everything we did gime's claims that it declared a state going back a year,' Nicasio Romero of siege to "restore peace." □ and Ribera Moreno reported. 'And in one place—we think it was a police station in La Plata —they showed us LOPEZ REGA Fraud and Negligence Charged a report from the police in Uruguay in DC-10 Crash That Killed 346 on all the Uruguayans wanted for A United States Federal District Court political offenses.'" gime has already fallen into ill repute. in Los Angeles was told October 29 that From the second day of their cap In the long run, any government there was new evidence of negligence in tivity, the Uruguayans knew that their needs some sort of political cover for aircraft design and development, and pos kidnappers were at least working very repression, some appearance of legali sibly of fraud, in connection with the closely with the police, Holmberg re ty. Simply giving fanatical killers free crash of a DC-10 airliner near Paris in March. All 346 persons on board the ported. "They were taken to a place rein to murder anyone who "causes Turkish Airlines jumbo jet were killed in that they could see was a police sta trouble" creates insecurity at all levels tion. They saw police uniforms and the crash, which was caused by the loss of society. of a cargo door in flight. police boots on those who brought If the clampdown is to be continued One of the lawyers for plaintiffs seek in their food, and they overheard con in Argentina, the bourgeoisie has to ing tens of millions of dollars in dam versations among their guards and gain a certain acceptance for dic ages from the aircraft's manufacturer, telephone conversations dealing with tatorial government. To do this, it McDonnell Douglas Corporation, claimed routine police matters. The cells has to put over the idea that a "strong the company had suppressed a study smelled of urine and vomit, and two hand" is needed to "restore peace." To showing that such a sudden loss of a door of the refugees shared a cell with a this end, it has been trying to present would lead to structural failure of the floor of the passenger cabin and rupture drunk who had been hauled in to the violence as a vicious circle of pro of the control cables leading to the tail sleep it off in jail." vocation by ieftist guerrillas and re assembly. The General Dynamics Corpo The AAA had promised to release taliation by rightist vigilantes. The ration, a subcontractor on the plane, had the five after interrogation but went declaration of the state of siege was written a report saying it was certain berserk, the survivors thought, after another step in this campaign to legiti that a DC-10 cargo door would come the killing of Villar, the chief of the mize arbitrary rule. off in flight during the predicted 20-year federal police, on November 1. None The imperialist press has done its lifetime of the fleet, and that a catastrophe theless, the murder gang did make best to promote this campaign. For would occur. These statements were not an effort to conceal the identity of example, in its November 10 issue, challenged by the chief lawyer for McDon nell Douglas. the persons murdered—Luis Latro the New York Times wrote: A DC-10 had already lost a cargo door nica, Daniel Banfi, and Guillermo Ri "A threat by leftist extremists to in flight near Detroit in 1972, but the vera. "Their faces were so mutilated bomb schoolchildren and their teach pilot had been able to make an emer by acid," Holmberg wrote, "that their ers indiscriminately has led the Ar gency landing with jammed controls. That bodies could be identified only after gentine Government to reimpose the plane was only a quarter as full as the the judge had given permission to state of siege. . . ."A fantastic report one that crashed near Paris, a factor that amputate a finger from each so that of this kind would be shocking even may have made the difference.

November 18, 1974 Jack Anderson Reports "Grim, New Mood' "His tactics encouraged other oil po tentates to band with him. If he were singled out for U.S. retaliation, they might once again get the message." Anderson indicates what kind of "re Pentagon Plots War in the Arab East taliation" is being weighed. "CIA sources have suggested that By Dick Fidler the simplest way to knock the props out from under Khadafy would be to engineer a coup and replace him Washington's threats of economic war against the Arab oil-producing with a leader more friendly to the countries have been followed by more West. and more indications that military in "One secret report tells of a dis cussion between a CIA agent and an tervention is under consideration. One Occidental official about putting up of the items is a vast airlift of U.S. military supplies to the Israeli armed $50 million for Khadafy's assassina tion." forces. A Pentagon source told Anderson The U. S. offensive was launched in September in speeches by Ford and that "no more than two Marine di Kissinger threatening that the full visions" would be required to seize force of the world's mightiest impe and occupy Libya's oil fields. ~ f Anderson is not the only journal rialist power would be brought to bear c. -f T ist to have been tipped off on the dis against the semicolonial oil-producing \. -A cussions going on in the White House countries if they continued to resist im camarilla. perialist pressure to lower the price In its October 7 issue, Newsioeek of oil at the wellhead. So far, the oil producers have re magazine listed the "most talked-about options" for dealing with the Arab fused to submit to Washington's oil producers, based on interviews threats. with "government officials, military In his November 8 newspaper col strategists and experts" in Washing umn, the well-informed Washington ton. journalist Jack Anderson reported They included "terror squads to some of the ominous thinking now Kissinger; Was he the "important policy- stalk traveling Arab oil barons. . . . going on in top circles. moker" who gave Anderson inside dope? "A grim, new mood is developing Assassinations—accompanied by blunt hints to other Arab leaders that in Washington that military interven they could be next— might be carried tion may be necessary to bring down Anderson's sources made clear that out." Another "option" was direct "mili the price of oil and save the West in the Ford administration's view, the tary intervention." from economic ruin," Anderson said. Arab regimes' use of oil as a politi cal weapon—as in the embargo im In his November 8 column. Jack Citing "confidential talks" with an posed last October in retaliation Anderson mentioned another line of "important policymaker"—was it Kis against Western support of Israel — attack. "There is also talk in the back singer?—Anderson said, "Until the amounts to "overt economic warfare." rooms about giving Israel the green last few weeks, military action was The administration is prepared to light to take over Kuwait's oil fields. considered out of the question. But act in accordance with this interpre The secret assessment is that no com the mood definitely is changing, as tation. "Our sources say the President bination of Arab armies could stop an the consequences of the oil gouge have is willing to use U.S. military power Israeli march upon Kuwait." become more devastating." as a last resort to prevent the oil The Pentagon is currently rushing The journalist said he was told by cartel from causing disastrous eco arms shipments to Israel at such a "top policymakers" that nothing less nomic and political dislocations in the pace that "in some cases, the U.S. than the "vital interests" of the United West." military's own stocks have been de States are at stake. Anderson outlined the possible U.S. pleted to make the weapons available "Oil is the lifeblood of the indus moves now being discussed in Wash in Israel," Anderson noted. trial West. A growing number of pol ington. "The secret speculation is that The reaction in Tel Aviv and Wash icymakers now agree that the United Libya would be the most likely tar ington to the decision taken by the States cannot stand by while a few get of U.S. intervention." Libyan Presi Arab leaders at their summit meet recklessly greedy potentates interfere dent Muammar el-Qaddafi's mili- ing in Rabat October 28 to support with the normal flow of our lifeblood." tantly nationalist regime is unpopu the creation of an independent Pales The high price of oil imports has lar with many other Arab govern tinian state under the leadership of already had a devastating effect on ments; and Washington says his na the Palestine Liberation Organization the economies of Italy, England, and tionalization of the Occidental Petro (PLO), shows that there is substance Japan, he said. "Unless the prices are leum properties in 1971 initiated the to Anderson's revelations. quickly reduced, economic chaos will current attempts by Arab countries In both Israel and the United States, spread throughout the West." to get more revenues from oil exports. the Rabat decision is being portrayed

Inferconfinental Press as proof that the Arab regimes are imperialism to shift their diplomatic One big unknown factor is the possi about to launch a war of extermina sympathies toward the side of the ble reaction of the Kremlin to a mili tion against the Israelis. Arab regimes in the Middle East, in tary thrust against the Arab states. Israel has seized on the decision hopes of winning lower oil prices. The In the interests of its own existence, as the pretext for stepping up its arma result was to weaken the U. S. position the Soviet bureaucracy cannot afford ments drive and engaging in renewed and increase Israel's international iso to let the Arab East again become the saber rattling. Israeli Defense Min lation. Washington fears that a repe exclusive imperialist preserve that it ister Shimon Peres has threatened to tition of the embargo will further this once was. That is why the Kremlin launch a preemptive Israeli assault tendency. threatened to intervene in last year's against the Arabs. "There is no more Frenzied opposition to the Arabs' conflict, in contrast to the passivity it important weapon than that of sur use of the "oil weapon"—both the em displayed in the face of U. S. imperial prise," he affirmed. bargo, which has since been lifted, and ism's assault on North Vietnam, In the November 10 Washington the steep rise in taxes and royalties where it saw no immediate threat to its Post, staff writer Michael Getler report charged to the oil trusts—has become narrow interests. ed that when deliveries of U. S. arms a dominant theme of spokesmen for However, the strategists in the Penta are completed, "the Israeli air arm will U. S. imperialism. Oil revenues are gon and State Department are ap be stronger than it was in 1973, with said to be bankrolling a "rising tide of parently convinced that they can get about 175 F-4s and roughly 200 Arab militancy" that has fouled Kis away with it as they did in Vietnam smaller A-4 attack jets." singer's Middle East strategy. without precipitating a nuclear show Getler described "a consensus with The November 18 issue of U. S. down with the Kremlin. in U. S. intelligence circles that News &. World Report, for instance, "The policy experts," Anderson said, an Arab-Israeli war is likely within protested "a decision by oil-rich Arab "don't believe the Soviet Union would six months unless some breakthrough nations at Rabat to give Egypt, Syria, interfere with a U. S. military opera in negotiations —thus far elusive—can Jordan and the Palestine Liberation tion in the Middle East. Even Kissin be achieved." Organization a war chest of nearly 9.5 ger agrees, according to our sources, Most Pentagon officials are con billion [milliard] dollars over the next that the superpowers recognize one an vinced, he said, "that Israel would win four years." other's 'vital interests.' if another war broke out, no matter In reality, the oil producers' reve ". . . Kissinger believes the Soviets which side struck first." And there is nues are small compared with the wouldn't likely risk a nuclear war "a general view that if war appears im massive resources of the oil trusts — with the U. S. over Middle East oil." minent, Israel will strike first and not the real "oil potentates." The Interna No doubt the Dr. Strangeloves have allow itself to be surprised again as it tional Monetary Fund's latest report been emboldened by Moscow's failure was in the October war." shows that the monetary reserves of to denounce Washington's threats and This indicates that the CIA and the all members of the Organization of preparations for war against the oil Pentagon are thinking of an early Petroleum Exporting Countries producers. But whatever hopes the "first strike" against the Arabs. amount to $38,000 million. But short-sighted occupants of the Kremlin One thing worrying U. S. officials, Rockefeller's Exxon alone had sales may entertain about Washington's Getler reported, is "the virtual certainty and assets of more than $25,000 mil ability to limit the war to a 'brushfire" that any new Middle East war would lion last year, and they will be much operation, it is clear that any military bring a new oil embargo. . . ." And higher by the end of 1974. action along the lines indicated by An they are also worried that Israel's mil What Washington fundamentally op derson's Washington sources could itary advantage will be whittled away poses is any assertion of independence quickly draw in much wider forces, as the Arab states replace the arms by the Arab regimes, even their at and indeed pose the danger of the use they lost in last year's war. "It is wide tempts to retain part of the enormous of nuclear weapons. □ ly expected . . . that after an Egypt revenues their resources can obtain ian-Soviet summit early next year the on the world market. U.S. Army Training Elite Unit Soviet arms flow will resume." And the Ford administration is for Intervention in 'Trouble Spots' The likely economic impact of an making amply clear that it will stop other oil embargo by the Arab coun at nothing, including war, to thwart The United States Army is training a special unit for the purpose of swift in tries has been somewhat exaggerated those efforts. tervention in "trouble spots" anywhere in the Western press. The United States The U. S. ruling class has expressed around the world. The First Ranger Bat depends on Middle East supplies for virtual unanimity in support of Wash talion, the first of three such units, is only one-sixth of its oil imports. And ington's bellicose stance. An editorial described as a "deep penetration force." during the embargo that followed the in the November 11 New York Times, According to a report in the October October 1973 war, the big monopolies for example, warns of a "threat" to the 25 New York Times, Pentagon planners that control the capitalist world mar "political future" of the semicolonial view the unit as a "weapon that could ket in oil were able to juggle deliveries oil-producing countries if they refuse be deployed to safeguard American eco so as to minimize the disruption of to bow to "rational argument to reduce nomic, strategic or political interests any supplies to the West European and oil prices" to a "reasonable" level — where from the Middle East to the Andes Mountains and from Norway's North Japanese economies. that is, a level that would maintain Cape to the Indian Ocean." The main effect of the embargo was revenues at scarcely higher than the The unit is lightly armed, relying on political. Together with the increase in amount they spend on imports of bombers or artillery for heavier support, the price of oil imports, it induced manufactured goods from the impe and every member of the unit is a quali the leading competitor-allies of U. S. rialist countries. fied paratrooper. November 18, 1974 Among Proposed Shifts in Latin American Policy of its funds from the U. S. government. •Greater U. S. tariff preference for Latin American goods. •The signing of a new Panama Canal Ford Urged to End Blockade of Cuba treaty recognizing that Panama should "ultimately" have sovereignty over the canal. In a report submitted to President Ford priate property held by American com The committee submitted its report only October 29, a group of prominent U. S. panies or that bar commercial fishing a few days before the meeting of hemi businessmen, university presidents, and by U. S. vessels as far as 200 miles from sphere foreign ministers in Quito, former government officials recommended their coasts. Ecuador, which is expected to vote to major changes in Washington's policies •Elimination of Washington's veto end the OAS economic and diplomatic toward Latin America. power in the; Inter-American Development sanctions against Cub^ imposed in 1962 Among the thirty-three recommenda Bank, which receives more than one-third and 1964. □ tions of the Commission on United States- Latin American Relations was a call for eui immediate and unconditional end to the fourteen-year-old U.S. economic em bargo against Cuba. The White House, it said, should move On Eve of Ford's Visit to South Korea to drop restrictions on travel and cultural exchanges "regardless of progress or a Cuban response." If Cuba made some appropriate response, the commission Opposition to Pork Steps Up Protests said, Washington could then discuss the resumption of diplomatic relations. The twenty-three-member commission By Peter Green was established in May of this year with about $80,000 in support from the Ford In the weeks preceding President in and refuse to put out a paper until and Clark foundations and from the Ford's visit to South Korea, scheduled their demands were met. The reporters Rockefeller Brothers Fund. It is headed for November 22, opponents of Park of Hankook Ebo, a major morning by Sol M. Linowitz, former U. S. dele gate to the Organization of American Chung Hee's dictatorship intensified paper, also voted to suspend publica States. their protests. tion until the censorship was eased. Among other members of the influential More than 2,000 Catholics attended Confrontation between the press and group are Charles A Meyer, former as a protest mass in Seoul's Myoifgdong the Park regime has been growing. sistant secretary of state for inter-Ameri Cathedral November 6, although riot The recent protests were sparked by can affairs, and Elliot Richardson, former police tried to bar entrance to the the arrest and interrogation of editors attorney general in the Nixon administra church. A strongly worded statement from Dong A Ebo and Hankook Ebo tion. Corporation and banking executives calling for the release of political pris by the South Korean Central Intel on the committee include W. Michael oners and the scrapping of Park's ligence Agency (KCIA). The news Blumenthal, chairman of Bendix Cor constitution was read aloud. The state papers apparently violated a govern poration; C. A Costanzo, vice-chairman ment, drawn up by a group represent ment directive banning stories on four of the First National City Bank; Henry ing about half of South Korea's 600 topics. J. Heinz 11 of H. J. Heinz Company; An Catholic priests, also called for "re One of the topics was the agitation drew Heiskell of Time, Inc.; and Lee Hills in South Vietnam against President of Knight Newspapers. consideration" of Ford's visit. Striking journalists on South Thieu, including burning of news Korea's largest and most influential papers by Vietnamese journalists. Ford said he appreciated the "construc daily newspaper, Dong A Ebo, forced Park feared that South Koreans might tive" work of the commission. A "high draw inspiration from these protests. United States official concerned with Latin the publishers to print a front-page The other three prohibited topics were America" was more direct. "These guys statement October 25 demanding free are leaders and they will be listened to," dom of the press, withdrawal of police student demonstrations, demonstra he told the New York Times. He might agents from newspaper offices, and tions by religious groups, and a scan have added that many of them were re an end to arbitrary arrests. Five of dal concerning charcoal. sponsible for Washington's original deci the six other major dailies also carried sion to appiy the embargo and the ac the statement, as did three commercial companying OAS sanctions in an attempt Half of South Korea's universities radio stations. The statement ex to defeat Cuba's socialist revolution. were shut down for up to two weeks In addition to its proposals on Cuban pressed "shame that we have not been in October in an attempt to curb grow policy, the commission called on the White reporting facts." The papers also pub ing student protests against the re House to stop covert intelligence opera lished accounts of the antigovernment gime. Threatening direct intervention, tions in Latin American countries, to Catholic rally in Seoul the previous the government ordered university ad terminate military supply grants, and to day. ministrations to take full responsibility stop sending military-adviser groups to The 180 reporters and editors of the region. for stopping demonstrations and dis Other proposals included: Dong A Ebo, which has a national ciplining dissenters. When twenty-six • An end to coercive measures against circulation of about 600,000, unani universities reopened October 28, end Latin American governments that expro mously voted on October 24 to sit ing their self-imposed recess, student

Intercontinental Press protests flared up immediately. Mounting Racist C^impaign Against Immigrants A demonstration by 1,500 students from Korea University was blocked at the school gates by riot police. The students denounced "one-man dictator Ottawa Moves to Deport 1,500 Haitians ship" and demanded greater freedom on and off campus. At Ehwa Women's The Canadian government is moving is unable to prove that he or she has a University, riot police used tear gas to deport up to 1,500 Haitian immigrants job waiting, or a skill that is needed by Canadian industry, will lose ten points to turn back 2,000 demonstrators. who face imprisonment or worse if they return to Haiti. under the complicated point system Many of the students wore black rib Canada employs to screen immigrants. bons symbolizing the "death of demo The Haitians came to Canada after No vember 30, 1972, when Ottawa began Furthermore, before admitting the im cracy." Protesters carried signs and tightening its immigration policy. More migrant who does have a prearranged handed out leaflets condemning Park's than 900 have appealed immigration de job, the government will try to ensure martial-law constitution of 1972. Both partment rulings denying them landed- that no Canadian citizen or permanent universities were promptly shut down inimigrant status and ordering their de resident can be found to fUl the vacancy. The government expects these restric again by their administrations. portation. At least eighty have lost their tions to cut the number of immigrants Students calling for an end to "dic final appeals, and some have already been deported, according to the Novem by 20 percent in 1975 — from 250,000 to tatorial governmenf and the restor 200,000. The bulk of those affected will ation of democracy demonstrated at ber 4 issue of the Canadian revolution ary-socialist fortnightly Labor Challenge. be Asians, Africans, and West Indians, Yonsei University on October 31 for who comprised 38,828 of the 104,089 "There is evidence that several persons immigrants admitted in the first six the second day in a row. Police fired were arrested by Haitian authorities after months of this year. tear gas at nearly 2,000 students at being deported from Canada. Others have tempting to march on the campus. not been heard from since they were sent Capitalist politicians and the news According to the November 1 Wash back," Paul Kouri reported from Mon media are trotting out all the usual racist ington Post, four more colleges and treal, where most of the Haitians have arguments in their campaign against non- white immigration. universities were shut down in an at settled. "Canada is becoming a multiracial tempt to thwart the latest wave of The Reverend Paul Dejean, director of a counseling service for the Haitian com country at a staggering rate, and there's protests. munity in Montreal and a leader of a just no simple guarantee that we'll be Stirrings of opposition to the Park committee that is fighting the deportations, able to handle the phenomenon better dictatorship also surfaced at the an told Labor Challenge that Ottawa's im than others," said Brian Steward, a com nual convention of the 650,000-mem- migration courts are rejecting nine out of mentator on the government-owned ber Federation of Korean Trade ten Haitians' appeals. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Unions (FKTU). On October 19, In an interview published in the October national television network. Bruce Phillips, a commentator on the presidents of ten of the seventeen 28 issue of the Gazette, a Montreal daily, Pierre Gousse, the secretary of state for privately owned CTV network, said: "It's unions that make up the federation fair to say that many people in the Gov demanded the resignation of the information in the Duvalier dictatorship, labeled the immigrants "essentially sub ernment with a responsibility in this field FKTU chairman. Park stooge Pae versive" elements who had "cut the bridge are worried about the possibility of Canada's importing a race problem. Sang Ho. In the past, the FKTU has for a return to Haiti." He said that "they obediently supported the Park regime will not find in Haiti favorable ground ". . . we are putting in place all the elements of ghetto situations and all that and gone along with the outlawing for their activities. . . ." portends for the future." of strikes and the denial of workers' Canadian officials have rejected the These racist statements are being echoed rights to bargain collectively. Haitian immigrants' claim to the status of political refugees. by government officials. Asked in a tele "If we gave the kind of special treat vision interview about the racial implica Under permanent intimidation by ment that they want to everyone who came tions of the new policy, Robert Andras, the ubiquitous KCIA, delegates to the here because he was displeased with the the minister of manpower and immigra normally docile FKTU convention economic or political situation of his own tion, said, "1 don't think it can be swept under the rug. 1 guess we've got to face broke loose and moved a motion of country, we would have them coming by up to it." □ no confidence in Pae. Before the as the millions," was the cynical comment of sembly was abruptly closed, support £m immigration department spokesman. At an October 17 news conference Ccilled ers of the motion extracted a vague to defend the Haitians, Michel Chartrand, Demand Names of CIA-Funded Papers promise from Pae that he would re president of the Montreal council of the The Inter American Press Association sign in the near future. Confederation of National Trade Unions, asked President Ford October 31 to reveal The role of the FKTU as a pliant said, "They are Black, they speak French, the names of the Chilean newspapers that tool of Park is not likely to change they are militant.' That's more than received funds from the Central Intelli overnight. But as one delegate, quoted enough reason why the Royal Canadian gence Agency in the effort to "destabilize" by the November 1 Far Eastern Eco Mounted Police don't like them." the Allende regime. Julio de Mesquita nomic Review, said after the conven The moves against the Haitians come Neto, the association president and pub tion: "Ten of the seventeen presidents amid a mounting racist campaign against lisher of O Estado de Sao Paulo, said nonwhite immigrants. the request had, been authorized by the at least stood up to the Government On October 22, Ottawa announced new association's general assembly. The in on the issue of Pae. It's not much, regulations that would severely limit im formation was necessary, he said, "so that but it's ten more than spoke out last migration from underdeveloped countries. the good name of innocent newspapers year." □ Effective immediately, an applicant who can be cleared." November 18, 1974 Demand Entry for 10,000 Refugees From Junta's Terror speeded up on an "emergency" basis. Prospective immigrants from Chile were given special treatment for only two months, from December 1973 to Unions Denounce Ottawa's Chile Policy February 1974. Since the coup, Can ada has admitted fewer than 600 Canadian trade unions, churches, cut off export credit to Chile in No Chileans with refugee status. The state and student organizations have issued vember 1971, almost two years before ment added that "the actual procedures a sharp denunciation of the Trudeau the coup. [for admitting Chileans] have become government's support of the Chile The signers of the statement call increasingly lengthy, now taking an junta. for "public scrutiny and account estimated five to ten months." A statement presented to the federal ability" of Canada's participation in Among fourteen proposed recom government criticized Ottawa's refusal international financial institutions. mendations aimed at reversing the to open Canada's doors to refugees Since the September 1973 coup, the government's Chile policy, the state from the Chile terror and protested the statement observed, "several Canadian ment called on Ottawa to "broaden collaboration of Canadian banks and banks have already participated in its refugee program to allow 10,000 businesses with the military dictator multimillion dollar loans to the junta." persons to enter Canada under re ship. "Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. is laxed cnYen'a," with first priority given The statement was signed by the considering a $300 million investment to refugees from the concentration Canadian Labour Congress, which is in copper production in Chile," it camps and prisons. It also demanded affiliated with the U. S. labor federa added. that "refugees from Chile presently in tion, the AFL-CIO; the Quebec-based The statement exposed the fraudu Canada on minister's permit, some Confederation of National Trade lent nature of Ottawa's promise that dating back over one year, be granted Unions; the Canadian Council of the procedure for permitting the entry landed Immigrant status, immediately, Churches, and the Lutheran, Presby of refugees from Chile would be without further delay." □ terian, Anglican, and United churches; OXFAM; Amnesty International; and university student organizations. The statement was presented October 9 to Allan MacEachen, secretary of State Conference Urges Reinstatement state for external affairs, and Robert Andras, minister of manpower and immigration. Socialists Gain in Fight Against Expulsion ". . . Canada has been virtually silent regarding the total suppression of democratic institutions in Chile, the From Australian Young Labor Association systematic reign of terror, mockery of justice and brutality which has charac terized the rule of the military junta," Victory is in sight in the campaign demanding reinstatement. In addition, the brief stated. Less than a month for reinstatement of thirty-one social prominent Labor movement figures, after the coup, Ottawa recognized the ists who were summarily expelled including federal ministers Moss Cass junta. from the Victorian Young Labor As and Kep Enderby, gave their support. "Canadians were given assurance sociation (YLA) last February with The reinstatement recommendation that 'recognition does not imply ap out notice and without a trial. They came as part of a report from a sub proval.' Yet approval is implied if were accused by the newly elected state committee of the ALP's administrative Canada is silent on the transgression executive of "supporting the Fourth committee, which had been set up to of human rights in Chile, if Canada International" and of putting forward investigate the internal affairs of the supports the military junta with eco "revolutionary ideas." (See Intercon Victorian YLA a few months before. nomic aid through international finan tinental Press, March 18, p. 310.) The report also recommended conven cial institutions, and if Canada takes Delegates to the state conference of ing a conference of YLA members on only slow and inadequate measures the Victorian branch of the Austra December 14 and 15 to discuss a to assist Chileans escaping from this lian Labor party (ALP), meeting new draft constitution. Athough the repressive regime." October 25-26, adopted a recommen draft is a step forward in that it pro dation that those expelled should be poses a more democratic method of The statement noted that the Cana "reinstated forthwith" by the YLA settling disputes within the YLA it dian government and businesses par The decision reflects the overwhelm also suggests establishing delegated ticipated in international financial ing support won by the expelled so assemblies and scrapping the open institutions that boycotted the Allende cialists in their nine-month campaign membership conferences in which all government in order to undermine the to reverse the YLA state executive's YLA members are permitted to attend Chilean economy and prepare the undemocratic decree. Motions of sup and express their views. overthrow of the Popular Unity re port came from at least fifteen YLA While the decision to reinstate the gime. Ottawa's Export Development branches and thirty ALP branches. expelled is to be applauded as a vic Corporation, which provides credit to More than 100 YLA members and tory for the rights of socialists in the foreign buyers of Canadian products. 500 ALP members signed a petition Labor movement, another part of the

Intercontinental Press report is causing concern to supporters the Congress for International Co During his imprisonment, he has of members' democratic rights. This operation and Disarmament, of which been attacked and stabbed by crim is a proposal to change the consti Jim Cairns, Labor's deputy prime inal inmates. Brain-damaging drugs tution to allow exclusion of in minister, is chairman. have been administered to him. Since dividuals belonging to "proscribed or Rank-and-fOe members of the YLA 1972 he has been in solitary confine ganizations." The proscription would and ALP have shown by their strong ment. include "organizations involved in opposition to the expulsion attempts He launched his hunger strike to concerted political activity whose poli that they are against any resurrection back his demand that he be trans cies and philosophy are contrary to of red-baiting in the Labor movement. ferred to a prison camp. Otherwise, those of the ALP." Whether the Labor leadership will he says, he will go insane, and he The proposal opens the way for all heed the lessons of the YLA expulsions would rather die than lose his reason. sorts of attacks against radical or and support the basic democratic right On November 5, Moroz'swife, Rais- ganizations, including socialists. The of socialists to put forward their views sa, his 10-year-old son, and his father formulation is so vague that it could in the Labor movement remains to visited him. The authorities at first conceivably proscribe formations like be seen. □ tried to restrict the visiting rights to Moroz's father, with the condition that he try to persuade his son to end his hunger strike and recant. When the elder Moroz refused to submit to this Ukrainian Dissident Dying by Inches in Vladimir Prison condition, all three were permitted to meet with Moroz. During the visit, however, the guards clapped their hands to Raissa Moroz's mouth and Valentyn Moroz Continues Hunger Strike demanded that she speak only in Rus sian and about "nothing political." The KGB (the Soviet secret po Valentyn Moroz, the Ukrainian dis Russian gendarmes have seen to it lice) has threatened Raissa Moroz sident historian who has been on a that this person with the thin face with dismissal from her job, eviction hunger strike in Vladimir prison since and intelligent eyes will never again from her apartment, and arrest, if July 1, has announced that he will resemble his former self. she continues to appeal publicly for continue his hunger strike until Jan "The gaunt figure in the striped uni help for her husband. □ uary 1, 1975. If by that date the pris form of a repeater, sick and ghastly, on authorities have not relaxed their reminded one of the frightful photo brutal treatment of him and at the graphs of the surviving victims of very least transferred him to a com Auschwitz. The prison rags hung on God's Popularity Sinks to New Low munal cell and allowed him to work, him as if on a wire skeleton. Short, Moroz says he will commit slow sui stubby hair on his dried scalp, and God's popularity has dropped to anew low in Britain, according to a poll taken cide. greenish, parchment-like skin, terrify for BBC by the Opinion Research Centre. Moroz is reported to be in very ing as that of a mummy, covered his As reported in the October 13 London poor health. He now weighs about high forehead and prominent cheek Sunday Times, only 29% of those polled 115 pounds. Afflicted with a serious bones. And the eyes—no, I cannot said they believe in a personal god. This liver ailment, he has suffered several convey what I saw in his eyes during compares with 38% in 1963. heart attacks. For two months, now, this short encounter." On the question of an afterlife there the tube that his guards use to force- Valentyn Moroz is in the fourth year was a similar shift. In 1963, 53% said feed him has been covered with blood of a fourteen-year term, his second they believed in it, 22% did not, and at each application. prison term since 1965, when, at the 25% did not know. The current figures are 39% believers, 35% nonbelievers, and In the November 9 New York age of 29, he was first arrested on 27% don't know. Times, Jeri Laber, a member of Am charges of anti-Soviet propaganda. In contrast, an increase in believers in Moroz's "crime" was to protest nesty International, quoted a former a spirit or life force was registered, the Soviet political prisoner who had seen the Kremlin's suppression of Ukrain figure rising from 33% in 1963 to 35% Moroz. He gave this description: ian national rights. While not a Marx in the current poll. Another encouraging "I, who had been witness to a great ist, Moroz's critique is anti-Stalinist sign for the Almighty was a drop among deal in my ten years in prison, found and prosocialist. He has favorably those who believe in neither god nor any it difficult to imagine that a person contrasted Lenin's sympathetic ap form of life force —from 9% to 6%. Also could be brought to such a state. . . . proach to the nationalism of op the don't knows slid from 20% in 1963 pressed peoples with Stalin's attempts to 18%. to stifle and destroy the Ukrainian Despite these small countercurrents, When You Move... Father Victor Stack, resident chaplain of national identity through brutal re the London University Church, felt that pression. Don't count on the post office for the poll was highly condemn able. "It per warding your Intercontinental Press! For holding these views, Moroz has petuates a level of non-meaning about It's against their rules. himself become one of the best-known language, questions and reality. Polls are Send us your new address. And in victims of that repression, and, in his the sort of thing the media pride them plenty of time, please. courageous resistance, a symbol of in selves on but do badly. I think it's just transigent refusal to recant. awful."

November 18, 1974 Pressures Continue to Mount In Northern Ireland Next, the internees and other polit ical prisoners in Long Kesh, includ ing both republicans (i.e., militant na tionalists) and members of the reac Since the Concentration Camp Rebellions tionary Protestant terrorist organiza tions, exploded into protest actions By Patricia Fryd over camp conditions, hurling their rotten food over the fences and issuing a joint statement of demands. Visitors ■ joined the demonstrations. In retalia London gangs), the British army has merely tion, the prison administration banned In the mass demonstrations that fol called upon the public to provide more food parcels and visitors. Protests lowed the October 15 revolt in Long information to military intelligence. At quickly spread to other prisons, and Kesh concentration camp, the Catho the same time, the troops stepped up barricades went up in Belfast in Prot lic population of Northern Ireland their raids on the Catholic ghettos. estant as well as Catholic areas. came onto the streets on a scale great The protests of mid-October left no The Protestant protests stopped af er than at any time since August 1971, room for doubt about the feelings of ter September 15, when the British when the concentration camp system the nationalist-minded population, al government promised improvements was introduced. most 40 percent of the total in the in the conditions in Long Kesh. But The scope and intensity of these pro British enclave. Internment "is the one demonstrations continued daily in tests by the oppressed community testi IRA-inspired grievance around which Catholic areas until October 2, when fied to the profound and powerful virtually the whole Roman Catholic Long Kesh Governor Robert Trues- , feeling of desperation stemming from community unites," the London Times dale announced that food parcels and decades of brutal repression and a admitted in an editorial October 17, visitors would be allowed. half decade of direct military subju without explaining how the IRA had gation by the forces of British im "inspired" it. The approach of the general elec perialism. The arbitrary arrest and But this fact did not induce the sup tions scheduled for October 10 prob Imprisonment of several hundred per posedly "democratic" and "socialist" ably had an effect on the government's sons in the small Catholic neighbor government in London to change its decision to make some concessions. hoods became the focus for resent course. On October 17, the secretary But the main factor was undoubted ment against the whole repressive ma of state for Northern Ireland, Merlyn ly the growing confidence and soli chine. Rees, informed the public that the mas darity of the prisoners and the The election of a Labour govern sive protests of the Catholic com rapidity with which the protests ment in February brought no let-up munity would not influence him in spread. in the repression in Northern Ireland, any way to change the policy. As if to Once the elections were over, the nor any more consideration for the as underscore the point, on the same day government may have thought that pirations of the island-wide national 500 more troops were sent into North it was safe to tighten the screws again. , ist majority trapped in the British im ern Ireland. The immediate cause of the Octo perialist enclave. Between Thursday, October 17, and ber 15 prison rebellions is unclear, but ' In the period before the October 10 the afternoon of Friday, October 18, the prisoners had previously an general elections for the United King the army had arrested more than 500 nounced that if the government sent dom parliament, the Ministry of De persons in the Lower Falls Road troops against them, they would burn fense sent an extra 750 soldiers to Catholic ghetto of Belfast alone. Ar down the camp. So, it is possible that Northern Ireland to join the forces rests have continued in the six coun the rebellion was sparked by a large- • that were already being used to intimi ties of Northern Ireland. In the small scale attempt to clamp the lid back date the Catholic population. In par County Armagh village of Jonesbor- down by using troops to repress the ticular, the army had distinguished ough, for instance, one-third of the prisoners. itself in these weeks by harassing the adult population was rounded up on A more general cause of the ex campaign of the Republican Clubs, the the weekend of October 19-20. plosion may have been the reaction only militant organization in the by the most oppressed section of the Catholic ghettos that tried to offer a Some specific factors helped to spark Catholic population to the results of general alternative in the elections. the present upsurge. During the sum the elections themselves. The appar The announcement of the elections mer, the London government set up ent reinforcement of reactionary senti on September 18 was apparently tak the Gardiner Committee to "examine" ment among the dominant proimpe- en by reactionary terrorists as a sig the Emergency Provisions Act, which rialist Protestant popuiation seemed, nal for a new wave of attacks on the provides much of the legal cover for in the context of the last year's po Catholic population. In the short pe the repression, and to examine the litical events, to make even more re riod between the start of the electoral internment system. This helped to fo mote the possibility of any reforms campaign and the mid-October prison cus attention more strongly on the to benefit the oppressed Catholic com revolts, fourteen Catholics were assas internment issue as Catholic and munity or lessen the repression sinated and many injured by pro- Protestant groupings gathered and against it. imperialist goons. presented evidence to the committee. In the February 1973 general elec Far from attempting to halt the kill Then, on September 5, Rees made a tion, the United Uister Unionist Co ings (many of which have been statement ruiing out any immediate alition (UUUC, made up of the three claimed by paramilitary rightist end to internment. Loyalist parties totally opposed to

1516 Intercontinental Press power-sharing—i.e., participation by lies made it clear from the start what Emergency Provisions Act have made nationalists in the government— and the results of such a convention would up the most consistent element in Brit the Sunningdale Agreement, which be. ish government policy. Yet these same proposed such a solution) won eleven Furthermore, no proposals what authorities have been appealing to "the of the twelve Northern Ireland seats ever are contained in the paper for whole community" to support and co in Westminster. satisfying any of the demands made operate with the police service. In fact, In the October election this year, by the Catholic community. Indeed, the White Paper makes such collabora these right-wing Unionists received it says: "Inevitably, any less pressing tion the condition for the withdrawal well over 40,000 more votes than in legislative proposals for Northern Ire- of troops and an end to internment. February 1973 and won ten of the The British government's appeals twelve seats. (Of the seats they gained for popular support for the security in February, they lost only Belfast forces has served only to provide an West, where republicans and the So opportunity for the various Loyalist cial Democratic and Labour party groups and paramilitary gangs to [SDLP, the bourgeois nationalist par raise the demand for a "third force"— ty] agreed on a single candidate and a Loyalist home guard that would be united the Catholic vote. This time, virtually a reborn "B" Specials, the as last, a nationalist unity candidate justifiably hated Protestant militia that won in the border county of Fer was abolished in 1970 as a result of managh, where there is a Catholic ma the international outcry over the role jority.) it played in the 1969 pogroms. Such a show of strength by the Loy The effect of granting the demand alists, who are opposed to any con for a "third force" would only be to le cessions whatever to the Catholics and gitimize and extend a state of affairs determined to maintain the Protestant that has been allowed to develop for ascendancy intact, cast a shadow in the last few years. Since the aboli particular over the solution to the con tion of the "B" Specials and the im flict that is now being proposed by the position of restraints on the Royal British government. Ulster Constabulary (RUG), a va Elections are to be held next spring riety of paramilitary groups and goon ^- for a convention to write a consti squads have been organized in Prot tution for Northern Ireland. The Brit y—— estant areas. The ultra-Loyalists ar ish government has suggested that gued that in view of this weakening of with its encouragement the Protestant m their "security" and the political "weak representatives can be persuaded to ness" shown by talk of concessions meet the Catholics halfway and thus to nationalists in the Belfast govern REES: Says he will not be influenced make it possible for both parties to ment, they needed their own private by massive Catholic protests. work out a mutually satisfactory forces to "deal with" the republican agreement for reform. However, the movement and its supporters. October general elections indicated land, however desirable in themselves, On August 7, Secretary of State Mer- that even under a system of propor will now have to be deferred, to the lyn Rees held a meeting with sixteen tional representation, the reactionary disadvantage of various groups in Loyalist representatives of the Ulster Unionists will win a massive ma- the Northern Ireland community." Workers Council, which organized the iority. As for the repressive apparatus, the economic shutdown in May; the Ul White Paper makes it clear that the ster Defence Association; the Ulster Furthermore, in the past period the troops will remain until 'law and or Volunteer Force; and other paramili British government has not con der has been restored." In the context tary groups. It was described by Rob vinced the Catholics that it really in of national oppression that has been ert Fisk in the August 8 London tends to persuade the Unionists to maintained for more than fifty years Times as "long and surprisingly cor accept reforms. on the basis of continually renewed dial." The proposal for a constitutional reactionary terrorism against the sec Perhaps the Loyalist leaders were convention came out of a White Paper tion of the all-Ireland majority that given a hint of the plan for enlarg published by the Labour government finds itself in the British-ruled area, ing the security forces that Rees was in July. It is filled with demagogy this means until the oppressed com to unveil in the Belfast parliament about "participation by the whole com munity is decisively defeated and beat building on September 2. munity" and the need for "some form en back into passivity. The Rees plan for expansion of the of power-sharing and partnership be However, British imperialism could security forces was welcomed as "a toe cause no political system will survive, not look forward to such a victory in in the door" by Ian Paisley, leader or be supported, unless there is wide the near future even before the prison of the Democratic Unionists, one of spread acceptance of it within the rebellions, and the response they trig the Loyalist formations. As reported community." gered revealed a new rise in the com- in the September 3 London Times, However, the fact that the Loyalists bativity of the nationalist-minded peo he said that at last the government got away with paralyzing the econom ple. So, the continuous presence of the had realized that "only Ulster men ic life of Northern Ireland in May to army in Northern Ireland, massive and Ulster women could win the war block any concessions to the Catho- jailings of ghetto inhabitants, and the against the IRA." The Official Union- November 18, 1974 ist party (another Loyalist faction) those living there wish otherwise, and that the conciliationist policy of Dub called the plan "a useful first instal its participation in North-South dis lin and its allies in the North has not ment" and saw it as similar to ideas cussions of joint security actions brought the country any nearer to expressed at the Loyalist conference against "terrorists." peace. At the same time, the economic earlier in the year. The justification for this position capitulation to imperialism in the The proposal was to double the was that the only hope for a united twenty-six counties has not produced strength of the RUC reserve from 2,- Ireland lies in rapprochement with the the promised prosperity either. 000 to 4,000, basing the reservists Protestants in the North, in a his Unempioyment has risen 24 percent around their homes. The RUC itself toric reconciliation between the victims since the beginning of the year, and in was to be increased from 4,000 to of the English conquest — essentially the October 11 issue of Hibernia, 6,000. Membership of the part-time the older Celtic population—and the Brendan Walsh predicted that the 7,500-strong Ulster Defence Regi colony planted to secure that con number of jobless may hit 90,000 by ment (UDR) was to be increased con quest. For this, the argument goes, mid-winter. In an economy highly de siderably (at present less than 3 per it is necessary not to frighten the Prot pendent on foreign trade, a balance of cent of its members are Catholics, and estants or appear to be backing the payments deficit of £300 million is in some areas, such as County Fer Catholic minority against them. expected this year. The annual rate managh, the UDR contains hundreds This policy was reinforced when the of inflation for 1974 is estimated at of former members of the "B" Spe Fine Gael-Labour coalition came to 18 percent. cials). power in February 1973. The first In these conditions, the basis of the The "search wardens"— as the un partner is the historically more pro- deal between the Catholic nationalist armed guards who check shoppers in imperialist party, based on the most moderates and British imperialism the centre of Belfast are called—are conservative segments of Irish society seems to be breaking down rapidly. to be increased by a further 100 and and on the economic interests most The trend points to a convergence the system is to be extended to Derry, closely tied to British capitalism. As of sharper struggles against the im where searches are currently carried for Labour, it is a right-wing Social perialist structure in the North and out by troops. Rees announced that Democratic party with a narrow a working-class revolt against the 1,000 troops were to be withdrawn economistic tradition. Furthermore, poverty to which imperialism con from Northern Ireland —but this part the coalition campaigned basically on demns the island as a whole, that is, of the plan proved short-lived. a platform of peace and prosperity, against capitalism as it exists in Ire which in the context of the elections land. This clear move back toward re meant abandoning the North and of However, given the weakness of the storing the full apparatus of the re fering a "good business climate" for country vis-a-vis the imperialist for pressive caste system, together with foreign investors. ces that impinge on it, whether this the growing desperation of the Catho The logic of the Dublin regime's crisis leads to a revolution or simply lic population, is putting more and line was shown perhaps most clear to demoralization and more emigra more pressure on the bourgeois na ly on September 20, when the coali tion, as similar crises have in the tionalist leaders committed to compro tion's Justice Minister Patrick Cooney past, depends a great deal on the mise with Britain. And they are trans publicly proposed the repeal of Ar strength of international solidarity mitting this pressure to the main bour ticles 2 and 3 of the constitution, which with the struggle of the Irish people. □ geois nationalist institution on the is claim jurisdiction over the whole of land, the Dublin government. For ex Ireland for the formally independent In Brazil, the Police Beat Children, Too ample, Paddy Devlin, an SDLP as Irish state. An estimated 70,000 abandoned chil sembly member for a ghetto con In its September 22 issue, the lib dren roam the streets of Sao Paulo, pick stituency in Belfast, recently made a eral nationalist Dublin fortnightly iTt- public attack on Dublin for its "aban ing up a meager living peddling fruit, bernia commented: "The reason for sweets, and flowers and cleaning auto donment" of the Northern minority the repeal . . . was perhaps the most mobile windshields. According to social and its continual appeasement of the incredible ever to be suggested by any workers, their number is expected to triple Loyalist forces. politician since the Constitution was within the next six years. The weak bourgeois nationalist re adopted." Cooney contended, the ar Recently, the Sao Paulo police devised gime in the twenty-six counties badly ticle continued, &at "we in the South their own solution to what the city's needs some kind of compromise in . . . had an obligation to offer a ges security chief has called "this mass of the North that will defuse the anti- ture of reparation for what has hap future delinquents." According to a report imperialist struggle there and prevent pened . . . to Northern Protestants." in the November 4 New York Post, they it from spreading. In return for prom Cooney found few takers for his sug rounded up 100 youths between the ages ises of concessions from the British gestion and within a few days had of eleven and seventeen from police cells, and the Unionists that would make provoked such an outcry in the Fian- drove them across the state line into Minas such a settlement possible, it has made na Fdil party, free to take a more na Gerais, ordered them to take off their clothes, and —waving pistols and sub retreat after retreat from the historic tionalistic tone now that it is in the machine guns — forced them to run naked principles of the national revolution opposition, not to mention in the into the rainy night. that brought it into being and on population as a whole and in the When local residents discovered the which its authority is based. SDLP in the North, that he was youths, they reported some had bleeding The most blatant capitulations were obliged to withdraw his proposal. buttocks because they had been hit by Dublin's acceptance at Sunningdale Now the prison revolts and mass the police with batons studded with tacks. that Northern Ireland is a de facto demonstrations of mid-October in Others had broken arms as a result of part of Britain until the majority of Northern Ireland have made it clear beatings by the police.

Intercontinental Press Name 79 Political Prisoners Killed by Police

New Documentation on Reign of Torture in Brazil By Judy White

In September 1974 Aur61io Perez, and members of extreme right-wing Sao Paulo police commissioner and a Sao Paulo metalworker, was ar groups. leader of the death squads. rested by the Brazilian army's secret The report, dated February 1974, Fleury is widely reported to be the police. He was beaten, subjected to also contains a list of seventy-nine murderer of several Brazilian revolu high-voltage electric shocks, and sus political prisoners who died as the tionists, including Carlos Marighela, pended for fourteen hours on a torture result of torture. One death was re Joaquim Camara, and Eduardo Leite. instrument called the "parrot's perch." ported in 1965. The rest occurred The February 1971 issue of the bul The case was reported by Marvine since 1969, with only a small decline letin of the Frente Brasileno de In- Howe in the November 4 New York since the end of 1971, when, accord formaciones (Brazilian Information Times. The source of the information ing to Howe, "revolutionary organiza Front) contained the following ac was a letter from the prisoner's wife tions were virtually crushed." count of Leite's death: to the National Conference of Bishops The information was compiled by a "Eduardo Leite, known by his com- in Rio de Janeiro. group of lawyers, relatives of political panheiros as Bacuri, was being held There had been much speculation in prisoners, former prisoners, and at the headquarters of the Operacao the press about a "relaxation" of re Roman Catholic activists. Independent Bandeirantes, which is the army's re pression when the new Brazilian pres sources—including priests, professors, pressive body. His legs were paralyzed ident, General Ernesto Geisel, was in and journalists —have corroborated by the time he was turned over to the augurated last March. But the Perez its authenticity. Sao Paulo political police, where they case and others like it show that there administered truth serum—pentathol. Edwin McDowell, writing in the No has been no letup in the torture of the He didn't talk. regime's political opponents. vember 1 Wall Street Journal, reported "Later, the government newspapers On April 3 a prominent lawyer, Wel some of the activities of Brazil's in announced the escape of Bacuri, which lington Rocha Cantal, was detained famous death squads, the gangs spon did not happen, since he was with by Sao Paulo police. He charges that sored by the police that are reported me and fifty other companhelros in a hood was placed on his head, that to have summarily executed more prison. Three days later, at 1 a.m., than 2,000 persons in the last ten he was stripped naked, kicked, beaten, Eduardo was taken out of the cell suspended by his arms from hooks, years. Their practice is to detain, tor by the Death Squad, headed by its given electric shocks, and kept with ture, and murder their victims—often delegate, Sergio Paranhos Fleury. He out food or water for several days. before the "suspect'' ever reaches police was taken to Santos beach, where he Twenty-seven days later he was re headquarters. was found dead on December 8 leased but not before receiving death McDowell made this qualification, [1970]. All his bones and teeth had threats against his entire family if he however: been totally smashed, his eyes poked revealed the treatment he had been "Foreign critics sometimes equate out, one arm ripped off, and his subjected to. Death Squad activity with the torture mouth cut from ear to ear." □ In August, the archbishop of Sao of political prisoners in Brazil, but Paulo and 800 members of the they are not directly related. Death Brazilian Bar Association drew up Squads are composed almost entirely a list of about twenty political prison of state Civil Police, plainclothesmen Shah Arrests 30 Persons ers who had disappeared while in responsible for investigating crime Deported by Iraq custody. Archbishop Paulo Evaristo and under the command of the Secre SAVAK, the shah's secret police force, tary of Security in each state. . . . Cardinal Arns presented the list to has arrested about thirty Afghan and "Political torture, on the other hand, federal authorities on August 7 and Pakistani citizens, according to the Sep requested information on their where is said to have been the handiwork tember issue of Payame Mojahed, an abouts. Church sources believe several of an elite special police unit that was Iranian opposition newspaper. They were of those listed to be dead. As of formed within the army yet enjoys arrested at Khowsrawi, on the border be November 4, the Geisel regime had a rare autonomy. Little is known tween Iraq and Iran, after being deported not replied to the church's inquiry. about CODI, an acronym for 'Coor by the Iraqi government. Questions asked Howe also described a clandestine dination of Internal Defense.'" them by SAVAK agents included: "What 96-page document dealing with the The report Howe summarized also Palestinian organization did they belong organization of Brazil's national mentioned CODI as "the principal to?" and "How many times have they participated in actions against Israel?" security apparatus and methods of organization for antisubversive ac Relatives of those arrested have pro torture. It includes the names of more tivities." tested to Iranian embassies and demanded than 300 persons who have adminis The various repressive bodies work their immediate release. So far the Iranian tered torture— police officials, military in close coordination. This was shown government has not responded, and their officers, drug traffickers, businessmen, by the role of Sergio Fleury, former fate is unknown. November 18, 1974 As Caramanlis Stages o Plebiscite At' i'

The Two Greek CPs Set Up an Electoral Bloc ■ V J. Vl/''t3 By Gerry Foley

Greek premier Constantine Cara Andreas Papandreou called the pro Armed Forces Movement proved un manlis's decision at the end of Sep jected elections an "electoral coup willing to let Spinola and the forces tember to call elections within a few d'etat." behind him take full Control of the weeks (the date was finally set for The Enosis tes Demokratikes Ari- government. November 17, the first anniversary steras (EDA— Union of the Democrat The fact that Caramanlis has suc of the massacre of the students oc ic Left, the old CP electoral front now ceeded so far in doing what Spinola cupying the Athens Polytechnic Insti dominated by the "interior" faction of and Palma Carlos failed to do illus tute) touched off a storm of protest the Creek Stalinists) objected at first trates the difference as well as the from virtually all political forces out to the system set up for the election. similarity between the political posi side his government. It also apparent The decree of September 25 established tion of the bourgeoisies in Greece and ly created tensions in the cabinet itself. "reinforced proportional representa Portugal. In both countries, the cap The reason for this reaction was tion." According to this, multiseat con italists are faced with the problem of clear to all. The old parliamentary stituencies are combined with single- finding stable formulas for bourgeois strongman was aiming to take advan seat ones. In the first, the seats are democratic rule after a long period tage of the fear of a comeback by divided according to the percentage of naked dictatorship. the junta to stage a Bonapartist-type of the vote received. In the second, But in Greece, unlike Portugal, the plebiscite. The left parties protested deputies are elected by a simple ma ruling class has effective political ma that the country was being asked to jority. In addition to this, twelve seats chines and skilied electoral politicians choose between "Caramanlis and tiie in the 300-member parliament are to that directly represent its interests. This tanks." be assigned to persons of "special fact in particular has thus far greatly These parties pointed out, too, that merit." They will be divided among the limited the parliamentary opportuni it was doubtful that genuinely free two strongest parties. ties for the reformist workers parties elections could be held while thejunta's The "interior" faction's protest in Greece and forced them to modify repressive bodies still remain intact, against Caramanlis's electorai maneu their strategy. and while the administration set lip ver sharpened when they got an in Both factions of the Creek Commu in the countryside by the junta is still dication of the type of campaign he nist party (KKE—Kommounistiko virtually untouched. Even the left pa intended to wage. On October 3, the Komma tes Ellados) had hoped that pers, they said, cotild not yet circu premier said in his opening statement: the fall of the dictatorship at the end late freely in the provinces. "And if the Creek peopie do not make of July would open the way for a Even Caramanlis's coalition part good use of their vote this time, it popular-front government like the one ner, the bourgeois iiberal Enosis tou wiil be no good complaining in the in Portugal. This was evident in the Kentrou (EK—Center Union), could future when what happened in the past way they pressed from the first to be not be very enthusiastic about the old happens again." included in the cabinet and in the way rightist's maneuver for an unlimited In its October 30 issue, Aughi, the they supported Caramanlis in the personal mandate. The EK had al journal of the "interior" faction, com early weeks. ready been severely split by its par plained that the premier was begin Even after the premier's "operation ticipation in the government. And it ning to use the same language about de Gaulle" was under way, the "in couid not expect much' of a roie in a parliamentary democracy as the col terior" faction calied once again (in de Cauiie-type regime. onels before the 1967 coup. the October 1 Aughi) for a "govern In fact, since its electorai high-water Caramanlis's objective seems to be ment of nationai unity" after the eiec- mark in February 1964, the party similar to the one the right wing of the tions. But by that time it was clear has virtually fragmented. Of the 170 Portuguese provisional government that their oniy hope of winning a deputies it had in parliament after tried unsuccessfully to achieve in July; post in the cabinet was to demon that vote, thirty-seven split from the that is, to establish a strong bourgeois strate strength at the poils. Facing party in 1965 under the political pres government on the basis of a Bona- a strong bourgeois coaiition, the CPs sure of the right and the iure of its partist piebiscite, thus avoiding the had only one place to turn. They money. They are now aligned with need to rely on a popular-front gov made a strategic retreat toward the Caramanlis's Nea Demokratia (New ernment. proietarian side of the class line. Democracy). Another thirteen have In July, the Portuguese premier — This turn was exemplified by Mikis joined Andreas Papandreou's Panei- at the time, Palma Carlos —wanted Theodorakis, the well-known Creek lenio Sosialistiko Kinema (PASOK — immediate elections. He played up the composer and musician, who has Pan-Hellenic . Sociaiist Movement). likelihood of the dictatorship if Cen- moved in Stalinist circles for many Three left the official party to run as erai Spinola did not get an unlim years. Of ail the traditional left figures, independents. And nine collaborated ited mandate to run the country. Pal he had probably gone the furthest in with the dictatorship. ma Carlos lost his gamble when the his support for Caramanlis. Now he

Intercontinental Press announced, "My home is on the left." by the following sequence of events. "The EDA developed into a united In a news conference held at the On September 27, Elias Eliou, a sup party in which the members of the Plakas nightclub "Zoum" in the first porter of the "interior" CP (the "Eso- KKE were incorporated as the party week in October, Theodorakis said: terikoi"), was elected chairman of the dissolved its clandestine organizations. "I had the courage to say yes to EDA by an assembly of the fifty-six "Between then and the establishment Caramanlis when he came here after members of the Executive Comniittee of the dictatorship, as well as after the dictatorship, and I am ready to that existed before the April 21, 1967, ward, the KKE decided to rebuild its do it again, because if Caramanlis coup. On the same day, the Exoteri- clandestine organizations and main disappears from the scene at this point, tain its organizational independence. the tanks will come again. I am with "Since the legalization of the KKE, Caramanlis when it comes to oppos there is no need to work through ing fascism—and that is all. But I another political organization. say no to Caramanlis when he re "With the changes that have occurred presses my songs, which are strong liKiiiiipPilpii and under the new conditions, the con er than any ban." 111. ception and structure of the EDA no The musician had explained earlier longer correspond to reality." that nine out of ten of his scheduled The point the Exoterikoi were trying concerts had been banned by the to make was clear enough. One of authorities. their main lines of attack on the op In the October 10 issue of Aughi, posing faction has been to try to pin Theodorakis was listed as one of the \ / * 4 the blame on them for the KKE's ten members of the executive commit tendency in the 1950s and 1960s to tee of the Enomene Aristera (United dissolve into a loose parliamentary Left), the newly formed electoral coali party. Not only did the leadership tion of the two factions of Greek Stalin tend to liquidate the party into the ism. The other members were as fol more loosely structured EDA, but in lows: Elias Eliou, Kharilaos Flora- moving toward an alliance with kis, Vasilis Eufraimidis, Stauros Elio- George Papandreou's bourgeois liber poulosj Nikolaos Kaloudis, Nikolaos als in the mid-1960s, it tended even Kyriakidis, Leonidas Kyrkos, Gior- to liquidate the EDA into the EK. As gios Speliopoulos, and Kostas EilL champions of "orthodoxy," the Exo nes. The most widely known are Eliou, terikoi have tried to exploit the nega the chairman of the EDA; and Flora- tive reaction of the membership to kis, the first secretary of the Central this experience. They may have had

Committee of the "exterior" CP. some success. Kostas Filines and Leonidas Kyr The largest-circulation left paper in kos are prominent members of the 'In the first eight weeks after the fall of terior" CP, but they were listed as the dictatorship was clearly Aughi, representing the EDA and not the "in according to the statistics published terior" CP. This was part of the bar weekly by the Athens magazine CARAMANLIS; Warns Greeks to make gain between the two factions, since Epikaira. This daily was formally the "good use" of their votes. the "exterior" group, the "Exoterikoi," paper of the EDA but had actually does not recognize the existence of two been the main Stalinist organ since Communist parties and claims to be koi publicly withdrew from the EDA. the civil war, at the end of the 1940s, the "one and only" CP in Greece. As On the following day they joined with when the KKE paper Rizospastis had far as the Exoterikoi are concerned, the Esoterikoi, who had conveniently to be published abroad or "un the United Left is a bloc between the put on the mantle of the EDA, to form derground. KKE and the EDA, and that is how the EA, which was described in the However, after the legalization of it is referred to by their paper Rizo- joint communique as a "coalition for the Communist party on September spastis. united action in the elections." 23, the Exoterikoi began putting out The pressure of Caramanlis's op However, in its statement calling on a daily Rizospastis that outdistanced eration led these two groups to form its members to leave the EDA, the Aughi in the first two weeks of Octo a bloc despite their deep hostility. It Central Committee of the "exterior" CP ber. In the week of October 6-12, for was a matter of survival. described the EDA as virtually non example, the circulation figures were The influence of the Kremlin and existent. It said that the EDA "had 13,038 for Rizospastis as against the lesser power centers in the world filled the need for a legal presence 9,145 for its "interior"-controlled Stalinist movement also seems to have and activity by the progressive move rival. played a role in producing this coali ment in conditions where the Com Nonetheless, the Exoterikoi proved tion. Like Portugal, Greece is a crucial munist party was completely banned unwilling to leave the mantle and the test case for Moscow's political strat and subjected to systematic persecu specific following of the EDA to their egy in Europe as well as for all the tion. It represented an important rivals. On October 7, the Exoterikoi European Communist parties. achievement for the movement and Central Committee issued the follow Nonetheless, the formation of the contributed decisively to the develop ing statement: EA was no easy matter, as is shown ment of a mass democratic movement. "The EDA formed by Mr. Eliou has

November 18, 1974 called on the left to contribute to it be obscured. However, trying to as has taken the name of the United financially so that it can begin its sert this "identity" brought furious at Left. The cooperation among all these electoral campaign. This action as tacks from the Exoterikoi. This is how forces will provide a firm basis for such has nothing strange or repre the October 17 Epikaira described a the formation of a democratic front hensible about it. Every party has the meeting of the "interior" CP in the and a successful and effective strug right to appeal to the people and to Khatzekhrestou theater: gle for the democratization of the those it regards as its members. We "The speaker, Mr. K. Filines, country." (Quoted in Epikaira, Octo do not dispute this. What is not per stressed mainly the special features ber 17.) missible is to exploit respected titles of the KKE esoterikou (an individual It was obviously the thing to say, and traditions that do not entirely identity, independence, support for Epikaira noted: "Previously the Soviet belong to you. . . . The present EDA equality among the Communist par representative Ponomarev had called presents itself as the heir and con- ties of all countries, respect for demo on the CPs of Western Europe to co tinuator of the traditional EDA. But cratic procedures, respect for the deci operate 'with all the forces of the left' as is well known, the KKE, which sions of the people, intellectual free and to take note that in Greece and formed the core of this coalition, has dom, a 'Greek road to socialism,'etc.). Portugal developments were occurring withdrawn its forces, and no left cur He criticized the KKE exoterikou for that were very important for the Com rent or group is active in Mr. Eliou's following a dogmatic line on all these munist movement." EDA except the notorious bunch that questions, saying that their leaders The Exoterikoi could hardly refuse split from the KKE. 'remain glued to the models of other to work with a party that was clearly "The question is not a financial one, countries and other times.'" a major force on the left and, further but rather a purely political one. This drew the following response more, whatever its reservations, far These bona fides for political activity from Rizospastis, which was quoted closer to the Kremlin's camp than do not belong solely or principally in the same issue of Epikaira: any other "democratic" or "left" forces. to the present EDA, because it is not "Recently the revisionist group that In fact, the Esoterikoi have been try the same as the one that existed before split from the KKE and assumed the ing diligently to look like a loyal, if the dictatorship." title 'KKE esoterikou,' through its "independent-minded," Stalinist party. Furthermore, the Exoterikoi did not representative Mr. K. Filines, took the At the insistence of their rivals (ac intend to share the "mantle" of the EA occasion of a public meeting to attack cording to Aughi), the Esoterikoi were equally with the Esoterikoi. The Octo the KKE, its line, and its leadership, not allowed to attend the Warsaw con ber 22 issue of Aughi reported a pro as well as its sister parties." Rizospa ference. The "interior" daily claimed, test. The article began by saying that stis went on to note that Filines was however, that the Yugoslav and Ru "Leonidas Kyrkos declared his su{>- a member of the Executive Committee manian CPs were in favor of includ port for unity in action and described of the EA, and concluded: ing their representatives, and that the EA as a victory for the left forces." "How can we characterize this at some West European parties (includ But the statement of the "interior" tack by Filines, which was made in the ing specifically the Italian) also ex spokesman, which was quoted by presence of Mr. Eliou, an attack not pressed this position. Aughi, does not confirm this in against the forces that threaten de In its October 19 issue, Aughi noted.-. terpretation: mocratization but against one of the "The Yugoslav representative [at the "This Sunday's Rizospastis [the Oc basic components of the Enomene Warsaw conference] stressed that the tober 20 issue] raised the slogan: 'Vote Aristera, namely the KKE. Everyone pendulum is now swinging toward the for the candidates of the KKE who can judge that for themselves." antidogmatists." The same article re are the only guarantee of respect for Obviously considerable pressure is ported an apparent reconciliation be the interests of the people and the needed to hold a bloc of this kind to tween the Soviet CP and the semi- nation.' The EDA and the KKE (es.) gether. But the Esoterikoi, the ad excommunicated Spanish Communist think that the people should be able vocates of unity since the fall of the party. to decide freely which of the members dictatorship, have some reason now On the other hand, the Exoterikoi of the EA they will send to parliament to think that the influence of the in have a lot to lose by continuing to to represent them. Our friends of the ternational Stalinist movement may coexist with their more "reasonable" KKE (ex.) prefer the method ofrecom- begin to work for them instead of rivals, namely, the dogmatic shell that mending a straight party vote. This against them in this respect. is essential to the survival of a Stalin puts us in the position of having to In the Warsaw meeting of European ist party. Such an alliance with "the oppose them, and I am sure you will Communist parties in mid-October, the revisionist group" cannot help but agree we could not do anything else." representative of the "exterior" CP, open them up to conflicting pressures The October 29 Aughi complained Tony Ambatielos, presented a glow and influences. As a reformist party of other irritants: "It is an undeniable ing picture of his party's work to that has declared its independence of fact that on the evening the EA elec achieve unity on the left. "The KKE's the Kremlin, the "interior" CP has tion center was opened, slogans were efforts have met with success, and an moved a long way toward the So shouted by Rizospastis's supporters agreement has already been signed cial Democracy. In fact, at the moment that were not conducive to unity, such between the first secretary of the CC it is probably the closest thing Greece as 'The KKE is one.'" of the KKE, Comrade Kharilaos has ever had to a real Social Demo The Esoterikoi had assured their Florakis, and Mr. Elias Eliou of the cratic party. Perhaps this was one of supporters that the deal that permitted EDA. This coalition, which includes the considerations that motivated the the formation of the EA did not mean personalities on the left such as S. Portuguese Socialist party leader that the identity of their party would Eliopoulos and Mikis Theodorakis, Mdrio Soares to send them a friendly

Intercontinental Press message, which was published with radical youth, the Panellenio Sosia- win in the working class as a lever all due appreciation in the October listiko Kinema of Andreas Papan- to force Caramanlis to accept a "na 30 Aughi. dreou, which has taken positions tional unity" coalition. While their course has led the Eso- verbally to the left of the EA, has It is symptomatic that the preamble terikoi to take a series of positions probably put certain pressure on the of the EA, while it contains many so to the right of their "orthodox" rivals, CP front. cialist-sounding formulations, defines it has also apparently forced them The combined effect of all these com the front as "national and democratic" to take a more flexible attitude to plex forces seems to be producing a and concludes with this appeal: ward the radical youth. In this it rather sharp polarization in the Greek "Greek men and women, all those resembles the Portuguese SP, which elections, certainly sharper than any who want a genuine progressive also faces a strong "orthodox" Stalin of the left parties looked for in the democracy should vote enthusiastic ist rival. aftermath of the fall of the dictator ally for the Enomene Aristera. Send Furthermore, the existence of a ship. But it is clear that both CPs to parliament the strongest pos party with a popular leader that is view this as only temporary, that their sible representation of this great peo trying to base itself directly on the objective is to use the support they ple's bloc, the Enomene Aristera." □

Sabata-Muller Day Set for November 27

Protest Repression of Czechoslovak Dissidents

November 27 has been designated Congress, held in August 1968, he vakia suffer worse treatment than Sabata-Muller Day in a joint appeal was elected to the presidium. He held criminal offenders. According to re endorsed by Pavel Litvinov for the these posts until his expulsion from cent reports, both Sahata and Muller, Soviet Initiative Group for Human the Communist party and the univer despite their poor health, are being Rights, Ken Coates and Chris Farley sity. After being unemployed for a held in total isolation. for the Bertrand Russell Peace Foun long time, he worked as a laborer un Reprisals do not end even with re dation, and Jiri Pelikan for Listy, the til his arrest. He was sentenced to six lease from prison. Prisoners are forced journal of the Czechoslovakian Social and a half years imprisonment. to pay not only lawyers' fees and court ist Opposition. Jiri Muller was born in 1943 and costs, but also 'board and lodging" Jaroslav Sahata and Jiri Muller studied at the Czech Technical Uni for their time in j ail. When they come were arrested in Czechoslovakia in versity in Prague, where he edited the out of prison, they start life with the November 1971 and convicted of engineering students' newspaper. In burden of a heavy debt to pay. "subversion" in 1972 under Article 98 the paper and at the first national of the penal code. They are not the student conference in December 1965 Many public figures around the only political prisoners in their coun he criticized the deadening effect of world have endorsed the day of pro try, but represent two trends of social direct Communist party control over test. These include Andrei Sakharov, ist opposition in Czechoslovakia— Sa the Ceskoslovensky Svaz Mladeze Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, hata as one of the leaders of the 1968 (CSM—Union of Czechoslovak Daniel Ellsberg, Noam Chomsky, and reform movement and of the middle Youth). Erich Fromm. In the United States, generation, and Muller as a student Later, when a number of students actions have so far been planned for leader trying to eradicate the bureau decided, without "orders from above," New York, Chicago, and Boston. □ cratic distortions of socialism in to voice their support for the Vietnam Czechoslovak society. ese people's struggle against imperial The pretext for the arrest of Sahata, ism, and when they attempted to get Muller, and others was the issuing of information about China by contact Chinese Report Liu Shoo-chi's Death leaflets signed by six groups before ing the Chinese Embassy in Prague, An official Chinese Communist news the 1971 elections. This was the first the bureaucrats decided to make an paper revealed October 31 that Liu Shao- time since 1968 that the socialist op example of Muller. chi, the former Chinese head of state position had made its views known He was expelled from the CSM in purged during the Cultural Revolution, publicly. December 1966. The next day he was is dead. In the middle of an article in the English-language edition of Ta Kung Pao, Jaroslav Sahata was born in 1927 expelled from the university and soon and joined the Communist party at afterward he was called up for mili published in Hong Kong, was the state ment that "Liu Shao-chi and Lin Piao the age of 19. For thirteen years he tary service. After Dubcek was elected are dead physically as well as political was a lecturer in Marxist studies at the first secretary of the Communist party, ly." There were no other details about Muller was rehabilitated and reinstat J. E. Purkeyne University in Brno, time or cause of death. and subsequently became head of the ed at the university; after Dubcek's Rumors of Liu's death had come out psychology department. He was a fall, he was expelled a second time in of China as early as the end of last year, member of the Central Committee of 1970. but Chinese officials refused to confirm the party, and at the Fourteenth Party Political prisoners in Czechoslo them. November 18, 1974 A::'.

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Washington Fears Communists stores have even begun limiting sales to controlled labor federation, complaining Under NATO Bed one five-pound bag per customer. The that it had not acted effectively to pre The NATO nuclear-planning meeting, sugar manufacturers claim the high prices vent the price rises. One group forced scheduled to be held this month in Rome, are necessary to offset the higher eosts its way into the building and compelled has been cancelled. No reasons were pub of raw sugar. But one sugar company's a Histadrut official to address the crowd licly stated. (Amstar) profits rose 250% during the outside. "One reason Washington gave [for the most recent quarter and another's (Great Demonstrations were also reported in cancellation] was that it could not dis Western United) net earnings rose 1,120% . Haifa, Ben Shemesh, and Ashdod, where close highly secret information to a gov port workers announced they would hold ernment whose Communist members or a one-hour protest strike the next day. Israel has one of the highest inflation officials might pass it back to Moscow," Calley Freed on Bail syndicated columnist Victor Zorza wrote rates in the world because of its huge in tlie November 5 Washington Post. Por William Calley, the U. S. Army officer war spending, which amounts to 45% tugal's cabinet includes a Communist par convicted of murdering at least twenty- of the gross national product. Premier ty member— Alvaro Cunhal, the CP's gen two Vietnamese civilians in the Mylai mas Yitzhak Rabin said in a television speech eral secretary. sacre, was freed by a federal judge No November 10 that the austerity action was only the first step. He said more se "It was serving notice also on Italian vember 9. He was released on an un vere measures could come soon. politicians who favor a coalition with restricted personal bond of $1,000. Communists that, ultimately, they might Since Galley's original conviction in March 1971, his sentence has been suc have to choose between such a coalition Carmen Castillo Freed cessively reduced from life imprisonment and NATO membership," Zorza added. by Chilean Junta to twenty years to ten years. For much Regularly held twice a year, the meet Garmen Castillo has been released by ings of the NATO war ministers com of the time he was under 'house arrest" the Chilean junta and granted asylum in prising the Nuclear Planning Group deal in an apartment at Fort Benning, Georgia, Britain. Castillo, a member of the Movi- with the use of "strategic" and "tactical" where he occupied himself with gardening, miento de Izquierda Revolucionaria nuclear weapons in the NATO alliance caring for his pet beagle and mynah bird, and gourmet cooking. (MIR—Movement of the Revolutionary system intended for possible use against Left), was captured October 5 after a the Soviet Union. Last September Galley's conviction was overturned by the same judge who has shootout with junta troops that resulted now freed him on bail. That reversal is in the death of MIR leader Miguel En- under appeal by the army. The appeal riquez. She was seriously wounded in the Sweet Profits is to be heard in February. shooting. Sugar has once again become a luxury The U. S. Committee for Justice to Latin item. In January, granulated sugar sold American Political Prisoners credits her in the United States for eighteen cents rapid release to the immediate interna Riols in Israel a pound. By November the price had Protest Huge Price Rises tional protest in her behalf. risen more than 300% to about sixty- Pascal Allende, a leader of the MIR be five cents a pound. As the price continues Angry demonstrations occurred in Tel lieved to have been with Enriquez and to rise, speculators have flocked to the Aviv and other Israeli cities on Novem Castillo at the time of the clash, is report sugar futures market, and some grocery ber 10 in reaction to large increases in edly still the object of a massive man food prices and other harsh austerity hunt by the junta. measures decreed by the government ear lier in the day. The measures included a 43% devaluation of the Israeli pound, Laura Allende Arrested in Chile higher taxes, and increased import restric Reuters News Agency reported Novem v: -V tions. Sugar prices went up 300% over ber 4 that Laura Allende has been ar night, while other essentials including rested by the Chilean junta. Allende, the bread, milk, and eggs nearly doubled mother of MIR leader Pascal Allende and in price. sister of former Chilean President Salva In one Tel Aviv area, demonstrators dor Allende, was arrested at her Santiago fought with riot police, smashed shop win home November 2. The arrest followed dows, and looted stores. Ten buses and a gunfight with police in which MIR lead a number of private vehicles were dam er Claudio Rodriguez was fatally wound aged. Thirty-one persons were arrested, ed. Under Secretary of the Interior En including Shalom Gohen, a former mem rique Montero claimed that weapons and ber of the Knesset and a leader of the documents found in the Allende home Black Panthers, a group fighting discrimi showed that she was aiding the MIR. nation against oriental Jews in Israel. Allende, who is sixty years old, served About 1,000 workers gathered outside as an intermediary between the junta and •Am now, HOW MANY LUMPS?' the headquarters of Histadrut, the state- the MIR in August when the Pinochet

Intercontinental Press dictatorship offered a deal to the organiza ment three such attempts —the two others tion. In exchange for the MIR's giving were in February and August of this year up its arms and its political work in the — to stage a right-wing coup. army, the junta pledged to release all The rightists' activities have been linked MIR prisoners. The MIR turned down with the numerous bombing attacks, the deal. many of them producing fatalities, that have occurred in Italy during the last five years. The December 1970 attempted It's Not Good for Your Health Either coup was said to have been conceived by A confidential Federal Energy Admin the late Valerio Borghese, the so-called istration report, leaked to the press Oc Black Prince who headed the National tober 28, details some side effects of that Front, an extreme right-wing organiza wonderful air we breathe. "Air pollution tion. causes cough, throat discomfort, eye ir But persistent press reports suggested ritation, shortness of breath, respiratory that persons high in Italy's political and • /» disease, asthma attacks, chronic bronchi military apparatus were also involved. tis, emphysema, cardiorespiratory disor Andreotti responded by issuing a formal ders, excess mortality and lung cancer," denied in September, defending the "armed the report said. It noted that lung can forces and their services, which have been, cer is up ten to twenty times since 1930 are, and will be strangers to any political and that every time air pollution increases intrigue." 10 percent, the death rate rises almost But on October 31, General Vito Miceli, 1 percent. himself the chief of the SID until three months ago, was arrested on charges of politiced conspiracy. He is said to have Government-Controlled Unions Demand been involved in rightist activities over Franco Recognize Right to Strike several years, including the 1970 coup SEREGNI Representatives of more than 200 attempt. Falangist unions in Spain have demanded This "citizen above suspicion" joined that wages be raised, the right to strike other officials implicated in the rightist Seregni Released From Prison be recognized, and all jailed unionists be offensive who were arrested in police raids General Liber Seregni, the candidate of released. According to a report in the October 11; Giuseppe Casero, a retired the Frente Amplio (Broad Front) in the October 27 issue of the Buenos Aires Daily air force general; Luciano Berti, former 1971 elections in Uruguay, was paroled commandant of the forestry service school La Opinion, the demands were made in from prison November 2 by the dicta the form of a letter to Alejandro Fernan at Cittaducale; Sandro Saccuci, a parlia torship of President Juan Maria Borda- dez Sordo, minister in charge of trade- mentary deputy of the neofascist Italian berry. He had been in jail, the Novem union affairs for the Franco government. Social Movement (MSI); a Carabinieri ber 3 issue of the Buenos Aires daily colonel; and another police officer. Clarin noted, since July 9, 1973, when Most of them were alleged to be mem he was arrested for participating in a bers of Borghese's "government," to be Former Head of Army Intelligence street demonstration against the coup Implicated in Italy Coup Attempt established after the coup. d'etat Bordaberry carried out on June 27 Also publicly linked with the "Black Ter On a rainy night in December 1970, of that year. fifty men, weapons hidden under their ror" is the former chief of staff of the air The former popular-front candidate was force, Duilio Fanrdli. topcoats, approached the headquarters of convicted in February 1974 by a mili the Interior Ministry in Rome. The doors U.S. Atomic Energy Commission tary court of "complicity in violating the swung open, and they entered, joining constitution, aggravated by conspiracy." Concealed Reactor Safety Hazards accomplices who had infiltrated during His request to be allowed to leave the the day by posing as employees. The For at least the last ten years the United country was denied. After the military conspirators quickly reached the top floor, States Atomic Energy Commission has court passed its sentence, an officers "court where they took over the radio transmitter repeatedly sought to suppress studies by of honor" stripped Seregni of his rank and telephone switchboard. its own scientists that found nuclear reac for "conduct grossly unbefitting a com While this was happening, another tors more dangerous than officially ac mander." It banned him from wearing group was taking over the offices of the knowledged. the uniform or using his military title. Defense Ministry; some officers of the This is the conclusion drawn in a No His pension was also taken away. vember 10 JVeio York Times article by Carabinieri (the national police) had been reporter David Burnham after examin sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; ing hundreds of memos and letters writ and members of the Forestry Service, reas Yugoslav Laborers Hit Hard ten by commission and industry officials signed from Cittaducale to Rome, were by Layoffs in Western Europe since 1964. Some of the documents were sent to occupy the radio and television originally leaked to the Union of Con Increasing layoffs in Western Europe studios. cerned Scientists, while others became forced about 100,000 Yugoslav migrant But in the middle of the night, a mysteri available as a result of suits and threats workers to return home during the first ous telephone call canceled the prepara of suits by other critics. eight months of this year. Money sent tions. One key study — kept from the public home by Yugoslav workers last year This is the account of an attempted for more than seven years — found that amounted to $1,200 million, Belgrade's coup that has emerged from Italian news a major reactor accident could have ef second largest source of foreign exchange paper reports of a secret dossier recently fects equivalent to a "good-sized weapon," earnings. submitted to the state prosecutor in Rome killing up to 45,000 persons, and that Italian officials report that tens of thou by Defense Minister Guilio Andreotti. The "the possible size of such a disaster might sands of Italian workers have also been dossier, prepared by the DefenseMinistry's be equal to that of the state of Pennsyl- forced to return home because of the sharp Information Service (SID), is said to docu- decline in jobs open to emigrant labor.

November 18, 1974 Trotsky, Cannon Discuten Trobojo Pore Preporor Congreso de Fundocion de lo Cucrta Internocional

[Como parte de los preparatives para el congreso de James P. Cannon. Queda la cuestion de preparar el fundacion de la Cuarta Internacional, realizado en sep- texto para la conferencia. tiembre de 1938, el Socialist Workers Party envio en marzo de ese afio una delegacion a Coyoacdn, Mexico, Trotsky. Nosotros tenemos aqui el proyecto del pro- para realizar una serie de consultas con Leon Trotsky. grama; puede estar listo dentro de dos o tres semanas, Los miembros de la delegacion eran: James P. Cannon, luego lo traducimos al ingl6s y al frances. iSe puede Rose Karsner, Vincent R. Dunne y Max Shachtman. usar su declaracion de principios para la conferencia [Durante las reuniones, se tomaron notas taquigrdficas internacional? de las conversaciones. Estas notas estaban incompletas y no fueron corregidas por los participantes. Max Shachtman. No; es mds bien la declaracion de [Algunos de estos textos ban sido publicados. Sin em una seccion nacional. bargo, el que reproducimos a continuacion y que fue tomado en una reunion realizada el 20 de marzo de Trotsky. Adolphe3 envio ya su proyecto de estatutos. 1938, nunca fue incluido en su totalidad. (Se incluyo un La seccion alemana prepare la tesis sobre el cardcter extracto en la segunda edicion de The Transitional Pro de la Cuarta Internacional. Fue enviada hace tres meses gram for Socialist Revolution de Le6n Trotsky publi- a todas las secciones y ahora ha sido publicada en Unser cada recientemente por Pathfinder Press). Lo reimprimi- Wort[Nuestra Palabra]. mos con permiso de Pathfinder Press segun la versibn de la segunda edicion de Writings of Leon Trotsky, que Shachtman. No hemos recibido Unser Wort desde hace aparecerd en 1975. (Derechos de autor de Pathfinder algunos meses. Press, Inc.). Nos hemos tomado la libertad de corregir errores tipogrdficos que son obvios, y hemos efectuado Trotsky. Quizds esto se deba a que durante su perma- algunos cambios en la puntuacibn. nencia en el Partido Socialista perdieron sus conexiones [De particular interds en esta transcripcion taquigrd- internacionales y aun no ban podido reestablecerlas fica son las evaluaciones que hace Trotsky sobre al plenamente.4 gunos de los dirigentes europeos de la Cuarta Interna Tambidn ban recibido la tesis de Diego Rivera.5 La cional y figuras cercanas al movimiento. Trotsky desea- unica objecion que puede hacdrsele es que es demasiado ba que Cannon, a quien confiaba la responsabilidad del larga para la conferencia. Lei su sugerencia de que trabajo preparatorio al lanzamiento de la Cuarta Inter escriba sobre el problema de la guerra a la luz de los nacional, supiera los juicios que le merecian los indivi- ultimos sucesos. Acepto gustoso esta sugerencia, para duos que de una u otra manera debian ser tomados en complementar y concretar nuestra tesis a la luz de los cuenta. acontecimientos recientes. Tenemos algo importante que [Ademds de las conversaciones que como dsta fueron hacer. Podemos hacerlo en los prbximos dias. Aqui parcialmente registradas, Trotsky tuvo conversaciones tenemos un proyecto, pero no hay suficientes personas con Cannon en privado en las que sin duda toco mds que puedan traducir del ruso. en detalle dstos y otros asuntos al respecto. El texto en ingles fue publicado en Intercontinental Press el 7 de octubre]. (POI—Partido Obrero Internacionalista), realizado en Paris del 30 de octubre al 1 de noviembre de 1937, adoptb varias resoluciones. sobre los importantes pro blemas a los que se enfrentaban al movimiento de la Ledn Trotsky. Todas las secciones ban discutido los Cuarta Internacional y su seccibn francesa. sucesos de Espana, la guerra sino-japonesa, el cardcter de clase de la URSS —y algunas secciones incluso se ban 3. Adolphe era el seudonimo del joven revolucionario escindido, como la seccion alemana. Sus tesisi son cono- alemdn Rudolf Klement, que fue secretario de Trotsky cidas por todas las secciones y lo mismo sucede con las en Turquia y Francia, y que en ese momento estaba a tesis francesas. 2 Ahora lo unico que se tiene que hacer cargo de la preparacion del congreso de fundacibn de es ordenar los textos. la Cuarta Internacional. En julio de 1938 fue secues- trado por agentes de la policia secreta de Stalin; pos- 1. El congreso de fundacion del Socialist Workers Party, teriormente se encontrb su cuerpo degollado en el Sena. realizado en Chicago del 31 de diciembre de 1937 al 3 de enero de 1938, adoptb una declaracion de prin- 4. Los trotskistas norteamericanos entraron al Partido cipios, Una constitucion y una serie de resoluciones ("te Socialista en 1936 para vincularse con un ala de izquier- sis") sobre problemas politicos contempordneos, muchas da que se habia desarrollado alii. El tono irbnico del de las cuales fueron impresas en el semanario Socialist comentario que Trotsky hace a Shachtman se debe al Appeal[lAama-do Socialista]. hecho de que unos cuantos miembros del nucleo trotskis- ta encontraron muy agradable la atmosfera centrista de 2. El segundo congreso del Parti Ouvrier Internationaliste izquierda y comenzaron a adaptarse a ella. Tanto Trot- Intercontinental Press Pero lo que falta es un programa de demandas y cracia. Su punto clave es que la democracia es la forma consignas de transicidn. Es necesario hacer un resumen mds aristocrdtica de gobierno. Sdlo los paises que tienen de demandas concretas, precisas, tales como el control esclavos en el mundo pueden preservar su democracia, obrero de la industria como contraposiclon a la tecno- como Gran Bretaha, donde cada ciudadano tiene nueve cracia. De vez en cuando se lo menciona en el periodico esclavos; Francia, donde cada ciudadano tiene unesclavo pero s61o de pasada. Pero yo creo que es una de las y medio, y los Estados Unidos, donde no puedo calcular consignas mds importantes para los Estados Unidos. la cantidad de esclavos, pero es cast todo el mundo, Lundberg escribio un libro sobre las 60 familias. 6 comenzando con Amdrica Latina. Los paises mds pobres, The Annalist dice que sus estadisticas son exageradas. como Italia, ban renunciado a su democracia.- Debemos pedir la abolicidn del secreto comercial: que Es un andlisis de la democracia a la luz de los nuevos los trabajadores tengan el derecho de revisar los libros, acontecimientos. f-Qud es la fascistizacion de la demo como premisa para el control obrero sobre la industria. cracia? Los democratas pequeno burgueses caen en la Una serie de medidas de transicidn que corresponden a bancarrota. S61o los grandes, los ladrones mds grandes, la etapa del capitalismo monopolista y la dictadura los esclavistas mds ricos, etc., siguen siendo democratas. del proletariado, con una seccidn dedicada a los paises Plantear el problema de esta manera resulta especial- coloniales y semicoloniales. mente util para los Estados Unidos. Naturahnente, no Ya hemos preparado ese documento. Corresponds a serh escrito a favor del fascismo, sino de la democracia esa parte del Manifiesto del Partido Comunista de Marx proletaria. Aun para el pais mds rico, como los Estados y Engels que ellos mismos declararon obsoleta. i Es s61o Unidos, la democracia se estd volviendo cada vez menos parcialmente obsoleta. Parcialmente es muy buena, y funcional. nuestra conferencia la va a reemplazar. Creo que estas son cast todas las proposiciones que Tambien tengo el proyecto de una tests sobre la demo- tenemos para la conferencia internacional. Los otros pro blemas importantes, los puntos candentes sobre el carhc- ter de clase de la Uni6n Sovi^tica, la guerra sino-japo- sky como Cannon advirtieron el peligro y tomaron me nesa, la cuestibn de Espana, ya ban sido discutidos por didas para poner fin a esa tdctica. Shachtman, sin em todas las secciones. Estamos bien preparados para la bargo, estaba a favor de que se prolongara el "entris- conferencia. mo." El problema se resolvio en el verano de 1937 Yo preparar^, entonces: (1) las demandas transicio- cuando el ala derecha del PS se las arregld para ex- nales; (2) la cuestibn de la democracia; (3) la guerra; pulsar a los trotskistas. Estos dejaron ese partido, ha- (4) el manifiesto sobre la situacion mundial; ya sea por biendo aumentado considerablemente el niimero de sus separado o como un solo folleto fundamental. miembros, y procedieron a fundar el SWP a fines de ese mismo ano. Cannon. ^Que tal si preparamos un manifiesto progra- m&tico? Me pregunto si no deberiamos tener un documen 5. Diego Rivera (1886-1957), el renombrado muralista to de ese tipo. y pintor mexicano que ayudd a lograr que Mexico diera asilo politico a Trotsky en 1937, fue miembro de la Trotsky. Si, seria muy bueno tener uno. Puede ser ela- Cuarta Internacional hasta 1939, cuando abandono el borado en Europa o acd. Podria ser adoptado por la movimiento porque habia desarrollado serias diferen- conferencia internacional misma, o presentado por el cias politicas. Su proyecto de tests sobre los problemas Secretariado Internacional a nombre de la conferencia. del desarrollo en America Latina fue publicado mds tarde en el primer mimero (octubre de 1938) de Clave, Cannon. Sobre el aspecto organizativo: iDebemos con- revista tedrica respaldada por la seccion mexicana de siderar esta conferencia como una reunion provisional la Cuarta Internacional. o como la verdadera fundacibn de la Cuarta Internacio nal? La opinidn que prevalece entre nosotros es que 6. America's 60 Famillies [Las 60 Familias de los Es deberiamos formar la Cuarta Internacional en esta con tados Unidos], por Ferdinand Lundberg (Vanguard ferencia. Consideramos que en este momento ya se ban Press, 1937) documentaba la existencia de una oligar- cristalizado los principales elementos de la Cuarta Inter quia econdmica en los Estados Unidos que estd diri- nacional. Debemos poner punto final a nuestras negocia- gida por sesenta familias que poseen una riqueza inmen- ciones y maniobras con los centristas y tratarlos de aqui sa. El libro, que por algun tiempo fue la sensacidn, en adelante como agrupaciones separadas y ajenas a llegd a ser un 'best seller." En 1968, el autor actualizd nuestra organizacidn. el trabajo y se publicd con el titulo The Rich and the Super-Rich [Los Ricos y los Super Ricos](Bantam Books, Trotsky. Estoy totalmente de acuerdo con lo que dijo Inc.). el camarada Cannon. Considero que encontrarhn alguna oposicidn en B^lgica, particularmente por parte de Ve- 7. En 1937 Trotsky escribid un articulo en conmemora- reecken.8 Para 61 la vida es una eterna discusidn. Le cidn del decimonoveno aniversario de la publicacidn del Manifiesto del Partido Comunista. Este brillante and- lisis del famoso folleto de Marx y Engels, en el que se 8. Georges Vereecken representaba una tendencia sec- hacia una evaluacidn de lo que se habia vuelto obso- taria en el movimiento trotskista belga, del que se escin- leto y lo que habia resistido la prueba de los aconte- dio en 1935 porque se oponia a ingresar en la social- cimientos, aparece como prefacio en la edicidn que hizo democracia para tratar de ganar nuevos miembros. Pathfinder Press de este documento pionero. M4s tarde regresd, sdlo para escindirse nuevamente en

November 18, 1974 resulta una cat^strofa llegar a una decision. Tambi^n Trotsky. Ese es el punto negro de nuestro mapa poli encontrar&n en la conferencia algun elemento de oposi- tico. Es un ejemplo clhsico de ia transformacibn de una ci6n per parte de los camaradas franceses. No conozco politica sectaria en politica oportunista, acompanada de ia opinion de los diferentes camaradas britdnicos; pero una serie de derrotas. estoy totabnente de acuerdo en que seria absolutamente Ustedes saben que estos sindicatos de izquierda han ingenuo posponerlo. existido desde hace treinta o cuarenta anos. No son Naturalmente, somos una internacional ddbil; pero una improvisacion dei "tercer periodo" staiinsta;i3 son somos una internacional. Esta internacional se fortale- ei resultado de los prejuicios sindicalistas. 14 Sneevliet is cerd mediante nuestra propia accibn, no a traves de ma- se convirtid en secretario de esta organizacidn. Tenia niobras con otros grupos. Naturalmente, podemos atraer 25,000 trabajadores y funcionarios de estado—mitad otros grupos intermedios pero eso seria un accidente. y mitad — en su mejor ^poca. Pero sucede que las funcio- La iinea general es nuestro propio desarrollo. En Es- nes del estado son realizadas a trav6s de sindicatos. Es-s pana, todas estas organizaciones fueron puestas a prue- ba. El P0UM9 era la parte mds importante del Bur6 de Londresio y resultd ser al mismo tiempo lo mds de- ciaiistische Arbeiders Partij (RSAP—Partido Obrero So sastroso para la revolucion espanola. Considero que cialista Revolucionario) de Hoianda y al British Inde nuestra seccidn norteamericana debe proclamar su po- pendent Labour Party (Partido Laborista Independiente) sicion con energia. No hay razon para vanagloriarnos de Gran Bretana. de que somos fuertes; somos lo que somos. 11. Joaquin Maurin (1897-1973) fue uno de ios funda- dores dei POUM y diputado dei parlamento espafioi Cannon. Considero que necesitamos explicar este punto cuando estailo la guerra civil en 1936. Despues de ha- a algunos de los camaradas. Quizds bajo la forma de ber sido arrestado y encarcelado por las tropas de Fran articulos o discusiones. Algunos camaradas ban adopta- co, fue liberado y emigro a los Estados Unidos, donde do la tdctica de maniobrar y hacer concesiones a los se retird de la actividad politica. centristas como politica permanente, mientras que no- sotros consideramos que por el momento ya hemos ago- 12. Andrds Nin (1892-1937), fundador dei Partido Co- tado todas las maniobras con los centristas. Hace dos munista Espanoi y secretario de la Internacional Roja o tres anos se justificaba que retarddramos las acciones de Sindicatos Obreros, fue miembro de ia Oposicion de organlzativas para terminar las maniobras y los experi- Izquierda de 1927 a 1935, cuando se escindio de 6sta mentos con esa gente, pero ahora no. Nos hemos dado para fundar el POUM con Maurin. En 1936 fue por cor- cuenta en las discusiones que hay camaradas que quieren to tiempo ministro de justicia del gobierno cataldn. Mds seguir con esta tdctica indefinidamente . . . con el tipo tarde fue arrestado por los stalinistas y asesinado. de maniobras que estdn condenadas de antemano al fracaso. Y es por esto que considero que tenemos que ex- 13. En 1928, para ayudar a encubrir la politica opor piicar este asunto a los camaradas. tunista de Stalin que habia llevado a la derrota de la revolucidn china de 1925-27 y a costosos retrocesos Trotsky. La direccion la tienen ahora los derechistas: en occidente, ios stalinistas inventaron tres periodos, a los peores elementos del grupo de Maurin;ii y han partir de la revolucibn rusa. El "primer periodo" era acusado a los del ala de Nini2 de ser responsables de la ei de 1917-24, dpoca de crisis capitalista y de ascenso catdstrofe de Espana por su politica demasiado revolu- revolucionario. El "segundo periodo" era el de 1925- cionaria. 28, 6poca de estabilizacion capitalista. El "tercer periodo" estaba comenzando en ese momento; marcaba los lilti- Shachtman. 6Y en Holanda? mos dias del capitalismo. Para hacer juego con el "tercer periodo", Stalin adopto una politica aventurera, ultra- izquierdista. La linea dei "tercer periodo" de Stalin, que el verano de 1938 antes del congreso de fundacidn de inciuia una oposicibn sectaria a los frentes dnicos contra la Cuarta Internacional. el fascismo, ayudd a abrir el camino para el triunfo de Hitler en Aiemania. En 1934 Stalin se aparto brusca- 9. El Partido Obrero de Unificacidn Marxista (POUM) mente del ultraizquierdismo, solo para reemplazarlo lin se fundd en Espana en 1935 al fusionarse algunos ex ano mds tarde con el Yrentepopulismo", una linea de trotskistas y otros centristas. Trotsky analizo en The abierta colaboracion de clases con los partidos capi- Spanish Revolution (1931-39) (Pathfinder Press, 1973) talistas. Esta linea, caracterizada por las peticiones de ei papel que jug6. "coexistencia pacifica" a las potencias imperialistas, ha sido seguida por Moscii hasta hoy con ia soia excepcidn 10. El Bur6 de Londres era uno de los nombres de un dei breve periodo del pacto Hitler-Stalin, cuando los amplio comity internacional formado por grupos Cen partidos comunistas de los paises capitalistas "demo- tristas europeos, fundado en 1932 y que se desintegrd crdticos" siguieron una politica ultraizquierdista. durante ia Segunda Guerra Mundiai. Se oponia tajante- mente a la Cuarta Internacional. Ademds del POUM 14. Una perspectiva sindicaiista, o en ei mejor de los espanol, incluia al Socialistische Arbeiter Partei (SAP— casos, "sindicaiista revolucion aria." Considera que se Partido Obrero Socialista) de Aiemania, ai Parti So- puede llegar al socialismo organizando sindicatos revo- cialiste Ouvrier et Paysan (PSOP—Partido Socialista lucionarios. Trotsky estaba a favor de los sindicatos Obrero y Campesino) de Francia, ai Revolutiohair So- revolucionarios, pero sostenia que aunque 6stos apa-

Inferconfinental Press tos est&n subvencionados por el estado. Y de esta manera En esta situacion, no puede soportar ninguna critica. la burocracia de los sindicatos se vuelve dependiente Cuando un miembro le pregunta: "iPor qud en el parr del estado. Sneevliet y sus amigos tenian un aparato que lamento no dijo esto y aquello?" no puede contestar. no correspondla ni corresponde a la fuerza de los sindi Elude toda critica. Para luchar contra nosotros—la Cuar catos y del partido, sino que se basa en el apoyo econo- ta Internacional—busca en Espana un camuflaje revolu mico del estado. cionario, y declara sobre el POUM: "Ese es mi partido." Fue a Espana con 500 gulden para ddrselos al POUM — Cannon:i Un subsidio directo? los periodicos publicaron todas las fotogralias —fue a apoyar al POUM contra nosotros. Trotsky. Si. Permite a los sindicatos sostener su apara El POUM tenia 40,000 miembros. Eso no significa to. Si el ministro de estado retira este apoyo econdmico nada. Si se tienen solo 10,000 miembros—pero que estdn a los sindicatos—y amenazd con hacerlo—sobreviene conectados con las masas en rebelidn—se puede ganar una catdstrofe de inmediato. Una pequena amenaza de una revolucidn. Pero 40,000 miembros separados de las Colijnis a los sindicatos de izquierda basto para que masas ... no significa nada. todos los funcionarios los abandonaran y se fueran a Pero Sneevliet, Vereecken, Serge, it se convirtieron en otros sindicatos; y ahora Sneevliet ya no tiene 25,000 rompehuelgas. En el verdadero sentido de la palabra, sino 11,000 6 12,000 comom&ximo. rompehuelgas. Se solidarizaron totalmente con el POUM Es su anterior posicidn radical, especialmente sobre contra nosotros en esos momentos, y el POUM declard: la cuestidn colonial, la que le did autoridad entre los "Sifiguras tan importantes.estdn contra la posicion oficial obreros. Fue arrestado y cuando salid de la prisidn de la Cuarta Internacional, entonces es posible que ten- fue elegido diputado. gamos la razon." Eso fortalecio las tendencias oportunis- En ese tiempo, en Francia, discutimos con dl y le tas del POUM en los momentos mds criticos. dijimos que era imposible que siguiera siendo al mismo Nuestros amigos norteamericanos tienen una tarea: tiempo secretario de un sindicato—un semi funcionario acusarlos en^rgicamente. Porque Espana fue una gran de estado—y miembro de un partido revolucionario. El leccidn historica y el resultado de la politica de Sneevliet me dijo que estaba de acuerdo; pero que deseaba seguir es que de 25,000 miembros que hay en los sindicatos, siendo secretario sdlo para ganar a unos 2,000 miembros tiene ahora 11,000; y en las elecciones ultimas perdi6 de los sindicatos para el partido revolucionario. Yo le su cargo. Ya no tuvo 50,000 votos, sino menos de 30,- dije: "Bueno, veremos qud sucede." 000. Sus discursos diplomdticos no eran de interns para Pero las cosas evolucionaron de manera contraria. los trabajadores. Cuando entrd al parlamento esperdbamos un discurso Ahora corre al Bur6 de Londres. No podemos hacer genuinamente revolucionario: era la primera vez que la ninguna concesidn a Sneevliet. Hemos sido pacientes. Cuarta Internacional tenia un diputado en el parlamento. No ha sido una cuestion de dos o tres semanas, sino Pero todos sus discursos fueron ambiguos. Con Colijn, de por lo menos seis anos . . . y todos fuimos pacientes, su Primer Ministro, era muy cortds; nada revolucionario. demasiado pacientes. Ahora debemos hacer un balance, El puede darles mil razones para justificar esta actitud, porque en el periodo mds critico de la revolucidn espano- pero esconderd la verdadera: su servilismo ante el go- la demostro ser un rompehuelgas. No podemos perdonarr bierno para conservar el apoyo economico que dste da lo. a su sindicato. Muy humillante, pero cierto. , Recuerden como actuo durante la ultima conferencia internacional.!® Vino, pero como turista. Particid en recieran aqui o alld esto no eliminaba para nada la 17. Victor Serge (1890-1947), nacido en B61gica de pa necesidad de construir un partido revolucionario de tipo dres rusos, en su juventud paso cinco anos en la pri leninista. sidn por ser anarquista. Despu^s de la revolucidn bol- chevique se trasladd a la Unidn Sovi6tica y trabajd 15. Henricus Sneevliet (1883-1942) fue uno de los fun- para la Comintern. Fue arrestado dos veces por per- dadores de los partidos comunistas de Holanda y de tenecer a la Oposicidn de Izquierda antes de que lo Indonesia y representante de la Internacional Comu- pusieran definitivamente en libertad y se le permitera nista en China. Dej6 el PC en 1927 y mhs tarde formd abandonar la URSS en 1936. Pronto desarrolld diferen- un pequeno partido propio, que se afilio a la Oposi- cias con los miembros de la Cuarta Internacional y se ci6n de Izquierda en 1933. En 1935 su partido se fusio- separd de ellos antes del congreso de fundacidn. Escri- no con otro grupo para formar el RSAP (ver nota No. bid varios trabajos histdricos importantes, novelas y una 10). Sneevliet, fue elegido al parlamento holandds en biografia de Trotsky. 1933, y slrvio como presidente del Nationaal Arbeids Sekretariat (NAS—Organizacidn Obrera Nacionai), un 18. La "ultima conferencia internacional" se refiere a la grupo sindical radical que habia sido form ado en 1893. Primera Conferencia Internacional por la Cuarta In Bajo la direccion de Sneevliet, el RSAP se retird del mo- ternacional, realizada en julio de 1936. Trotsky habia vimiento trotskista a comienzos de 1938. Ely otros siete insistido en que se fundara la Internacional en esta con camaradas fueron arrestados y ejecutados por los nazis ferencia, pero los delegados tomaron un paso interme- durante la ocupacion de Holanda. dio, formando el Movimiento por la Cuarta InternaT cional. Las resoluciones adoptadas por la conferencia 16. Hendrik Colijn (1869-1944) fue Primer Ministro con- de 1936, varias de las cuales fueron escritas por Trotsky, servador de los Paises Bajos de 1925 a 1926 y de 1933 se pueden encontrar en Documents of the Fourth Inter a 1939. national(1933-40) (Pathfinder Press, 1973).

November 18, 1974 Una sesion; luego telegrafio a Schmidt, 19 quien aprobd ser nombrado de inmediato secretario politico, el puesto [que se retirara]. Mds tarde Schmidt abandond el movi- mds alto del partido. Crea la impresidn de que uno pue miento obrero y pocos meses despuds se paso al lado de hacer pedazos la organizacion impunemente, luego de la burguesia. unirse, y comenzar de nuevo como si nada hubiera pasa- do. Esa politica estd perdida, en nuestra opinion. Los Cannon. I Tenemos un grupo en Holanda? camaradas de la Cuarta Internacional deben tener el valor—si hacen una escision—de hacer una escision de Trotsky. Si, tenemos un grupo que fue expulsado por finitiva. Sneevliet, y tenemos simpatizantes en el partido de Snee- En los Estados Unidos consideramos que escindirse de vliet. Consideramos que la actitud de la conferencia la organizacidn es un crimen capital. No comenzamos de serd decisiva para el partido holand^s. Hay que hacerles nuevo con gente como 6sa al dia siguiente. Tratamos de entender que no se trata de un detalle. inculcar este espiritu a los camaradas jovenes para que En cuanto a Vereecken, cuando Sneevliet expulso a comprendan que la lealtad a la organizacion es algo nuestros camaradas Vereecken estuvo de acuerdo porque, sagrado. Ellos valorizan la unidad de la organizacidn dijo 61, habian desarrollado una actitud faccional dentro en el grado mdximo. Es por eso que nuestra ultima dis- del partido de Sneevliet. La seccidn belga tambien tiene cusi6n20 fue tan exitosa: nadie amenaz6 con escindirse. una seccidn de habla holandesa; y alii los camaradas Por consiguiente, el partido pudo dar la mayor libertad respaldaron nuestra politica, por lo cual Vereecken los de discusion sin el tern or de una escisidn o de que la dis amenazo con la expulsion. Son una clique [corrillo] cusion continuara para siempre. internacional; estdn en una lucha permanente contra la Creo que esto es algo que los camaradas europeos linea del SI [Secretariado Internacional]. En cierto sen- deben desarrollar: la concepcion de que la Cuarta Inter tido, Vereecken es un valioso cuadro obrero, muy dedi- nacional estd formada como una organizacion definida, cado al movimiento, y muy activo; pero este obrero tiene a la que todos los miembros tienen que ser leales. Los todas las malas caracteristicas de un intelectual. que se escinden a la ligera deben ser separados y deja- dos de lado. Cannon. Lo que no nos staisface de los grupos euro- peos es que parece que nunca acaban con los problem as. Trotsky. Comparto cada una de las palabras que ha Nunca concluyen sus luchas. La mitad del 6xito que dicho el camarada Cannon. Solamente anadire que la hemos logrado en los Estados Unidos se debe a que lle- situacion del partido belga era complicada desde este gamos a una conclusion con la gente que no puede ser punto de vista: habian en su seno miembros del Partido asimilada. Discutimos con ellos solamente hasta ese mo- Socialista que no tenian una educacion revolucionaria. mento. Cuando rompen con la organizadion, terminan Ahi tienen a Dauge, 2i un joven camarada, muy activo, todas nuestras relaciones con ellos. pero educado en el espiritu del partido de Vereecken, Los camaradas europeos no concluyen sus discusiones. sin ningun espiritu de disciplina revolucionaria. Luego Nos parece que se escinden muy a la ligera y despues estd Lesoil,22 un excelente camarada completamente ab- se reunifican apresuradamente. Con gente como Vereeck sorbido por su esfera local de accidn. Era una situacion en nosotros hemos seguido la politica de llegar a una dificil. conclusion definitiva despu6s de una profunda discusion. Esa fue tambidn la razon por la que en esas circuns- No podemos construir la Cuarta Internacional con gente tancias Vereecken pudo volver a ser el secretario nacio- a la que le gusta pasarse la vida discutiendo. nal. La desgracia fue que los camaradas del PS, tan Considero que el congreso tiene que establecer su linea pronto como se escindieron de ese partido, se volvieron politica y decirles a todos: "He aqui nuestro programa inmediatamente partidarios de los sindicatos indepen- y nuestra plataforma. Que los que est6n con nosotros nos sigan sobre estas bases. Que los otros tomen su propio camino." 20. La "ultima discusdn" se refiere a la discusidn precon- Creo que debemos pedir a los jdvenes camaradas de greso que realizaron las fuerzas que habian sido expul- las secciones belga y francesa que insistan en una posi- sadas del Partido Socialista en preparacidn del congre cion asi, y que terminen todas las relaciones con quienes so de fundacion del Socialist Workers Party. La dis rechacen las decisioaes del congreso, no importa quienes cusion estuvo marcada por serias diferencias sobre el sean. En el congreso mismo debe haber una discusidn cardcter de clase de la Union Sovidtica y los princi- sobre el problema de la "discusion." Debemos hacer claro pios organizativos del nuevo partido. que nosotros discutimos no por discutir, sino para llegar a una conclusion y actuar. 21. Walter Dauge fue dirigente de los trotskistas belgas, Nunca nos quedo claro, por ejemplo, como es que y fue elegido para el Comit6 Ejecutivo Internacional en Vereecken, despues de romper en forma tan irreflexiva el congreso de fundacibn de la Cuarta Internacional. con la seccidn belga y de unificarse tan a la ligera, pudo Abandono el movimiento durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

19. Peter J. Schmidt era el dirigente de un grupo so- 22. Leon Lesoil (1892-1942) fue fundador del Partido cialista de izquierda holand6s que en 1933 se uni6 al Comunista Belga y de la Oposicion de Izquierda Belga. llamado de la Oposicion de Izquierda para construir una Fue elegido para el Comit6 Ejecutivo Internacional en nueva internacional, y que se fusiond con el grupo de el congreso de fundacion de la Cuarta Internacional. Sneevliet para formar el RSAP (ver nota No. 10) en Arrestado por los nazis en 1941, murio en un campo 1935. de concentracidn.

Infercontinenfal Press dientes. Fue el golpe mds duro para el nuevo partido. Ihstica. En muchas cuestiones sus puntos de vista coin- Ye intercambi6 correspondencia con Dauge sobre este ciden con los de Vereecken, pero su actitud es m6.s disci- asunto. Fue durante nuestra estadia en Noruega y la plinada, mds factible de influenciar, etc. policia se apodero de esta correspondencia; la publico La situacion de nuestra internacional no es mala, a y nos acus6 de tener esquemas maquiav61icos. Esto hizo pesar de la dura discusion sobre la cuestion rusa. Creo todavia mas dlficil la situacion. que el problema esta en chequear — controlar — verificar Vereecken no est^i interesado en la cuestion sindical; la aciiiuJ dc cllos en los sindicatos. Durante los ultimos solo quiere discutirla. Dauge estaba a favor de los sindi- anos, los sindicatos ea F'-moia, se convirtieron en una catos independientes. Ahora ha aprendido un poco, pero organizacion poderosa. Tenian ui^ "■lillon de miembros mientras tanto esto ha sido una cathstrofe para el par repartidos en dos organizaciones. Luego ?■ hisionaron tido. Lesoil estaba en principio en contra deesta posicion, y ahora tienen cinco millones en una organiza»,i6n unifi- pero en la prhctica apoyaba a Dauge. cada, y la direccion esth mhs o menos en manos de los Considero que la ruptura con Sneevliet es total y que stalinistas; se cubren con el apoyo al Frente Popular. 6ste no se aparecerh en la conferencia. No contestb mi Pero ahora la tarea es prepararse para la proxima crisis ultima carta en la que le dije que a pesar de todo, si del Frente Popular. La ruptura entre el PS y el PC ha el desea estar con la Cuarta Internacional, etc., debe comenzado ya. Esto debe dar un nuevo impulso a nues responder y haremos lo que se pueda, etc. tra seccion francesa. Ellos tienen los principios correctos, En lo que se refiere a Vereecken, un partido muy res- pero los camaradas norteamericanos pueden ayudar a ponsable debe hacerle una seria advertencia. Se presen- chequear su trabajo prhctico. tard a la conferencia y harh criticas, pero considero que Hubo otros dos incidentes que danaron a la organiza es necesario hacerle una dura advertencia personal, enu- cion. Un miembro del Comite Nacional estaba falsifi- merando todos sus err ores. Hay que advertirle que nues cando dinero. No s6 si era para beneficio del partido, o tra paciencia esth por terminarse. No es un muchacho; por razones personates. Naturalmente fue expulsado y el tiene cuarenta anos. Es chofer, trabaja ocho horas; luego partido demostro que no actuaba bajo su direccion. es muy activo, escribe articulos, da discursos, etc., pero Pero fue un gran golpe. es muy peligroso para el partido. El segundo incidente fue el de dos jovenes camaradas, Fred Zeller y Corvin. 25 Zeller vino a nosotros en No Cannon. tiQue progreso ha tenido la seccion francesa ruega con un mandato de la Juventud Socialista. Yo durante este ano? le dije; "Ahora tu eres el centro del ataque stalinista. Debes ser cuidadoso." Trotsky. No han progresado mucho este ano. Ha sido Inmediatamente escribio una postal a un stalinista, un ano ilusiones frentepopulistas,23 y solamente los ele- diciendole: "iAbajo Stalin!" Esta fue reproducida en la mentos mhs valientes se han acercado a nuestro partido. prensa stalinista. Por otro lado, esta situacibn engendro algunas tenden- Luego me escribio que habia aprendido una leccibn cias sectarias. y que tendria mhs cuidado con los stalinistas. Algunos elementos buscan una explicacion para el Pero debido a alguna oscura intriga cay6 en las garras estancamiento y el desarrollo demasiado lento, no en la de los stalinistas. Lo mismo sucedio con los otros jo situacibn objetiva — la gran ola de frentepopulismo—si- venes camaradas. Y fueron expulsados. Eran dirigentes no en la insuficiencia de nuestras consignas; principal- del movimiento juvenil, y esto fue un golpe para el mente, la que dice que es nuestro objetivo defender la movimiento. Union Sovi^tica en caso de guerra. Creo que debemos prevenir a nuestra juventud en Esta es la tendencia de Craipeau,24 elemento muy los Estados Unidos. Tenemos elementos nuevos; dedi- bueno y honesto, pero dogmdtico y con una mente esco- cados pero no experimentados. No saben lo que pue den hacer los stalinistas para provocarlos. Vendr^in proposiciones extranas de diferentes lados. Se puede 23. El inmenso ascenso de la clase obrera francesa en encontrar a un joven obrero o estudiante revolucionario 1936, que pudo haber conducido a la revolucion socialis- comprometido con verdaderos fascistas. Pueden perte- ta, fue desviado hacia canales electorales por el Frente necer a la Gestapo y a la GPU 26 al mismo tiempo. Popular, que era una coalicion electoral de los stalinis- tas, socialdembcratas y radicales (un partido burgu6s). Esta coalicibn gano la mayoria en la Chmara de Di- nes centristas. Es autor de Le mouvement trotskyste putados. Esto cre6 grandes esperanzas entre los traba- en France (Editions Syros, 1971). jadores de que la victoria significaba el fin del sistema capitalista en Francia. El gobierno de coalicion diri- 25. Fred Zeller y Matthias Corvin, dirigentes de la or- gido por Le6n Blum, un demagogo socialdemocrata, ganizacibn juvenil trotskista francesa, fueron expulsados traiciono estas esperanzas, desmoralizando a los tra- en noviembre de 1937 por hacer tratos ilicitos con los bajadores franceses durante varios anos. stalinistas; durante algun tiempo estuvieron tratando de reingresar. Mhs tarde Zeller llegb a ser dirigente de 24. Ivan Craipeau (1912- )fue dirigente del grupo los francmasones. juvenil trotskista francos cuando 6ste estaba dentro de la juventud del Partido Socialista, y dirigente de la sec- 26. A despecho de la propaganda antifascista de la ci6n francesa de la Cuarta Internacional durante la Se- prensa stalinista de ese entonces, Stalin busco llegar a gunda Guerra Mundial. Dejo la Cuarta Internacional en un arreglo de "coexistencia pacifica" con Hitler. Un hrea ! 1946, uni^ndose sucesivamente a diferentes organizacio- natural en la que se podian probar las posibilidades November 18, 1974 Y estas intrigas pueden resultar fatales para nuestra muy util, pero s61o cuando contemos con una organi organizacion, para el internacionalismo revolucionario. zacion grande. En una organizacibn como la nuestra su gente solo seria un elemento perturbador. Ustedes pue 6Y sobre Indochina? iNo tenemos una seccibn den proponerle que vaya a los Estados Unidos y pro- fuerte alli ? meterle que tendrhn relaciones personales amistosas con 61; despu6s de un afio veremos. Trotsky. Si. Es una seccidn muy buena. El dirigen- En cuanto a la seccion alemana, es mhs bien pro te estd en prision. 28 Tuvieron un semanario grande, blema de que organicen su periodico. Naturalmente, por y creo que la organizacion ha sido ilegalizada por nues- ser un movLmiento de emigrados no tiene base de ma- tro ministro frances de las colonias, un socialista. Creo sas. Publican Unser Wort, que aparece regularmente. que lo mismo sucedio con el peribdico. No s6 si sale Las secciones alemanas de Suiza, Austria y Checoslo- regularmente ahora. No lo he visto desde hace dos vaquia ban creado un brgano tebrico mensual, El Uni- co Camino [Der Einzige Weg]. La seccion alemana pro- piamente no estd representada, pero Walter Held 30 par- Shachtman. Si, sale. Yo he visto algunos ejemplares. ticipa en la redaccion. Le he escrito a 61, preguntdndole por qu6 la seccibn Cannon, i Y Molinier?29 no participa; espero su respuesta. Lo mejor seria trans- formar el organo de manera que sirva a todos los ca- Trotsky. Molinier publica un brgano t6orico. Dice que maradas que hablan alemdn, y creo que es posible. en principio esth con nosotros, pero que nuestra poli- Tenemos muy buenos camaradas, Johre y Fischer. 3i tica organizativa es mala, que 61 tiene una mejor. Su Johre es un marxista muy bueno. En la emigracion las organizacion estd impregnada de odio contra nosotros. cosas son muy duras. El esth amargado. Por eso se Es muy posible que ustedes se vean obligados, obje- niega a sacar un brgano tebrico mensual para toda tivamente, a dedicar atencibn a este problema, y que la seccibn. Pero es necesario. en la conferencia Vereecken defienda a Molinier. Este Los camaradas estdn muy bien educados tebricamente. debe permanecer fuera, pero los otros—sus miembros — Adolphe, por ejemplo, estaba bastante verde hace unos pueden ser admitidos si lo solicitan individualmente anos, pero ahora es un marxista. Escribe muy bien y si el se queda fuera. Es un elemento que puede ser en tres idiomas y sabe otros sets. Pero la desgracia es que Sneevliet, Vereecken, y ahora Serge se niegan a reconocer la autoridad del SI porque estd compuesto de llegar a ese arreglo era la caza de revolucionarios. por muchachos, y ellos tienen una politica que es mil El trabajo reciproco entre las policias politicas secre- veces mejor. tas de los dos regimenes alcanzo su punto mdximo du- rante el pacto Hitler-Stalin. Cannon. cY Maslow-Fischer?32

27. "R" era probablemente Vincente R. Dunne (Ray Dunne), o Rose Karsner, aunque podria haber sido Rae 30. Walter Held fue un trotskista alemdn que huyb a Spiegel, quien tomb las notas taquigrdficas de esta reu- Noruega despu6s de que Hitler tomb el poder. Fue se- cretario de Trotsky cuando 6ste estuvo asilado en ese pais. En 1941, despu6s de que los alemanes invadie- 28. El dirigente preso de la seccibn Indochina era Ta ron Noruega, Held tratb de llegar a los Estados Uni Thu Thau, que fue uno de sus fundadores, a comien- dos a trav6s de la URSS y Turquia, paises que le con- zos de la d6cada del 30. En 1937 el ministro socialista cedieron los documentos necesarios. Pero la GPU lo de las colonias del gobierno del Frente Popular franc6s, bajb del tren en Saratov y lo ejecutb. Marius Moutet, ordenb el arresto de Ta Thu Thau por escribir un articulo "sedicioso." Ta Thu Thau fue ele- 31. A. Johre y Oskar Fischer (Otto Schuessler) fueron gido para el Comit6 Ejecutivo Internacional en el con- dirigentes de los trotskistas alemanes en la emigracibn. greso de fundacibn de la Cuarta Internacional, y para Fischer fue secretario de Trotsky en Turquia y despu6s el Consejo Colonial Indochino en 1939. Fue asesina- en M6xico. Ambos rompieron con la Cuarta Interna do por los stalinistas en agosto de 1945. cional durante o despu6s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

29. Raymond Molinier (1904- ) era un dirigente 32. Arkady Maslow (1891-1941) y Ruth Fischer (1895- de los trotskistas franceses con quien Trotsky trabajb 1961) fueron dirigentes centrales del Partido Comunista en comun sobre muchos puntos hasta 1935; ailo en Alemdn durante la d6cada del veinte. Fueron expulsa- que fue expulsado por violar la disciplina. En Docu dos por los stalinistas en 1927 porque, como partida- ments of the Fourth International (1933-40) aparecen rios de Zinoviev, habian defendido a la Oposicibn Uni- las resoluciones aprobadas en 1936 y 1938 en las que da Rusa. En 1928 ayudaron a fundar el Leninbund ale- se explica por qu6 fueron rechazadas las solicitudes de mhn, que colaborb con la Oposicibn de Izquierda hasta readmisibn presentadas por Molinier. Cuando estallb 1930. Maslow y Fischer dejaron el Leninbund, y a la Segunda Guerra Mundial y los alemanes invadie- mediados de los treinta se acercaron mds a la Oposi ron Francia, Molinier se vio obligado a emigrar, yendo cibn de Izquierda. En 1935 Trotsky nominb a Fischer a Sud America. Su grupo se fusionb con otros para para que fuera cooptada al Secretariado Internacional, formar una seccibn francesa unificada de la Cuarta In con el que trabajb por lo menos un ano. En 1938, sin ternacional durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. embargo, ambos se retiraron del movimiento trotskista.

Intercontinental Press Trotsky. Ellos son Maslow-Fischer. Esto provoco una en politica. Yo, tambien, tratar6 de escribirle—es un discusion sobre todos los puntos: Rusia, Espana, China. asunto muy delicado—dicifedole que lo considero uno Estdn en contra de nuestra linea. Tienen un periddico de los mejores revolucionarios y uno de los mejores y sus articulos aparecen firm ados "Buntari" (insurgen- escritores, pero no un politico. tes33). Ellos son insurgentes perennes. Tienen una men- Rosmer36 estd muy amigable con nosotros. Estaba talidad diferente. vinculado a Sneevliet pero ahora estd disgustado con Serge is un excelente poeta, un literato. Escribe muy 61. No creo que vaya a participar activamente en el bien y tiene un largo pasado anarquista. Permanecid movimiento, pero su autoridad moral nos puede ser muy en Rusia durante muchos anos, en las prisiones stali- util. nistas. Era un hombre valiente y honesto y no capituld, La situacidn de nuestros camaradas franceses es muy lo que es una caracteristica muy buena. Pero no siguid dificil. Viven en la miseria; no hay comparacion con el desarrollo de la Cuarta Internacional. Vino con al- nuestros ricos yanquis. Un billete de a dblar (30 gunas ideas muy vagas — con imaginacidn de poeta — francos) es una fortuna para el SI. a abrazar a todo el mundo: el POUM, los anarquis- tas, 34 nosotros. Cannon. Hemos enviado 50 dblares. Damos al SI Me escribid una carta personal, refiri^ndose a Sedov, 35 una contribucibn mensual. en la que mencionaba que a pesar de las diferencias de naturaleza secundaria, etc. etc., estd con nosotros. Sdlo Trotsky. Oh, eso estd muy, muy bien. Ellos son muy que las diferencias no son de naturaleza secundaria. ahorrativos. Seria muy bueno que nuestros amigos norteamerica- Es necesario tener un subsecretariado en Nueva York, nos tomaran la iniciativa de aconsejarle que no se meta con la persf>ectiva de que el subsecretariado se convierta en el verdadero secretariado. No sabemos la suerte que 33. Buntari es una palabra rusa. eorrerh Europa si el fascismo continua avanzando. Si esto sucede, Norte America serd el linko lugar donde 34. Por ese tiempo los anarquistas dirigian en Espana podremos funcionar, y se necesita un subsecretariado. □ masas de trabajadores que sumaban cientos de miles, Estaban en posicidn de dirigir una revolucidn socialis- ta, per«- no pasaron la prueba histdrica. Irdnicamente, traicionaron su principio fundamental — oponerse a todas 36. Alfred Rosmer (1877-1964) fue un sindicalista re- las formas de estado — al aceptar puestos en el gobier- volucionario y colaborador de Trotsky en Francia du no burgu^s que le facilitd el camino a Franco. rante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Fue dirigente de la Internacional Comunista y del Partido Comunista Fran 35. Ledn Sedov (1906-1938) fue hijo de Trotsky y su ces hasta su expulsion en 1924. Fue dirigente de la Opo- mds cercano colaborador y dirigente de la Cuarta In sicion de Izquierda y miembro de su Secretariado In ternacional por derecho propio. Trabajd en el Secreta- ternacional hasta noviembre de 1930, cuando las di riado Internacional por varios anos en Berlin y Paris ferencias con Trotsky lo llevaron a abandonar el mo y fue coeditor con Trotsky del Biulleten Oppozitsii (Bo- vimiento. La amistad personal entre ambos se reanudo letin de la Oposicidn). Fue asesinado por la CPU en en 1936, pero 61 no se volvio a unir al movimiento un hospital de Paris en febrero de 1938. trotskista.

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[The following press release from ganizations with which we have deep tion, and support any initiatives taken the LCR-ETA(VI),1 a sympathizing differences — such as ETA(V), MIL, to save militants from Franco's jails. organization of the Fourth Interna FRAP,5 etc. — but which we uncondi While our political stand on this is tional in Spain, appeared in the tionally defend against the Francoist clear, it is also clear that our organi November 1 issue of the French repression. zation had no concrete plan for any Trotskyist weekly Rouge. The trans The most scandalous is the attempt action in relation to the Segovia lation from the French is by Inter by the political police itself to attribute prison. continental Press.] to us the preparation of a plan to re lease ten political prisoners from the But this campaign by the press is Segovia prison. We do salute, sanc- not without a purpose. It undoubtedly paves the way for an intensification Certain European newspapers, re 4. Movimiento Iberico de Liberacion — of the repression against our organi Iberian Liberation Movement, an anar zation and also against other political producing reports in the Spanish press chist organization. that were obtained directly from the groups. We must therefore intensify BPS,2 have recently published articles 5. Frente Revolucionario Antifascista y our efforts —in the Spanish state and referring to the edleged arrest of mem Patriota— Revolutionary Antifascist and internationally — against the Francoist bers of our leadership, and to the con Patriotic Front, a branch of the Spanish dictatorship. fiscation of printing equipment for Communist party (Marxist-Leninist). Unite against the repression! □ Combate, our central organ. These two reports are completely false; they have nothing to do with reality. The best proof of this is the fact that our organization continues Repression in Franco's Jails to carry out its political activity in a normal fashion and to put out its [The following statement was issued class, the high-school students, the publications regularly. (At the same October 1 by political prisoners in university students (most recently after time that the newspapers made these Spain's Segovia jail who are members the passage of the law on selection and allegations, we published a pamphlet of the ETA,i the PCE,2 the LCR-ETA education), 5 the physicians and pro on the struggle being conducted by (VI), 3 the FAG, 4 and by three prison fessors, the peasants and popular sec political prisoners, a pamphlet that ers who are not members of any politi tors, and the nationalities oppressed cal organization. The translation is was published simultaneously in by the centralism of the Spanish state, taken from the October 31 issue of the dictatorship has found no response France by the comrades of the FOR.3) Inprecor, a fortnightly newsbulletin of other than repression: prison, assassi These distorted news reports are the United Secretariat of the Fourth nation, military tribunals, the Civil part of a campaign to repress and International.] Guard,6 and the politicosocial bri discredit our organization, a cam gade, f It is an exploitative regime paign that has been intensified since granting no political freedoms, domi the fusion of the LOR and the nated by a reactionary oligarchy that ETA(VI). Throughout its whole existence the has imposed systematic terror to keep In this campaign, attempts have dictatorship has not ceased to offer itself in power. been made to attribute actions to the proof of its tyrannical and repressive In the repressive context of the past LCR-ETA(VI) that our organization character. Confronted by the working several years, the dictatorship has was in absolutely no way associated opened a new public-order tribunal to with, and to link us with other or- 1. Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna—Basque Na step up persecution of social-political tion and Freedom. "offenders." Sessions of the war coun 1. Liga Comunista Revolucionaria-Euz- cil are held on a daily basis, with sen 2. Partido Comunista de Espana—Span kadi ta Azkatasuna (VI)—Revolutionary tences of twenty and forty years in ish Communist party. Communist League-Basque Nation and Freedom (VI). 5. A law restricting high-school and uni 3. Liga Comunista Revolucionaria-ETA versity enrollment through the institution 2. Brigada Politico Social—Political-So (VI)—Revolutionary Communist League- of a series of aptitude tests, financial re cial Brigade, the Spanish political police. ETA(VI), a sympathizing organization quirements, and political screenings. — IP of the Fourth International in Spain. 3. Front Communiste Revolutionnaire— 6. Spain's paramilitary police force. — IP Revolutionary Communist Front, the 4. Forces d'Alibrement de Catalunya — French Trotskyist organization. Liberation Forces of Catalonia. 7. The Spanish political police. — IP

Intercontinental Press prison being handed down. Two new doba for offenses during which blood and cleaning and the effects of infla prisons for political prisoners have was shed. The other political prison tion are deducted, the result is poor been opened (Zaragoza and Ponteve- ers are divided among nine prisons: nourishment deficient in proteins and dra). Demonstrating workers have Soria, Segovia, Jaen, Lerida, Palen- vitamins, with no green vegetables or been assassinated (recently it was cia, Zaragoza, Pontevedra; the Za- fruits. The diet is based on water and workers in Carmona, who were de mora prison is reserved for the clergy, starch. This often produces illness manding water), and so have Basque and that of Alcala de Henares for after some time. revolutionaries. Some are murdered women comrades. The sole aim of this • The system of classifying the pris "legally," like Salvador Puig Antich. 8 dispersion is to avoid concentrations oners according to how "dangerous" The repression is also manifested in and thus to prevent general responses they are, the shortening of sentences the firing of workers in the factories to the injustices committed in the on the basis of work done, and the and shipyards and the removal of prisons. possibility of conditional release are professors and students from univer • The other, more important, as applied as means of blackmail and sities and other institutions. We must pect is censorship and denial of com repression. Reduction of sentences is call special attention to the repression munication. Periodicals, reviews, and supposed to operate on the basis of in Euzkadi (the Basque country), books that are freely circulated in the two days' labor counting as three which is under military occupation, country are censored in the prisons. days' imprisonment, so that a three- with hundreds of prisoners, torture, In many prisons the daily press is year sentence can be worked off in trials, and police controls, where the selected or forbidden completely. Fur two years. Conditional release re Civil Guard abandons itself to frenetic ther, there is an "inquisitional index" quires serving the last quarter of the manhunts. of banned publications. These are, sentence under administrative control. The repressive character of the re notably, the reviews Cuadernos para All these forms of sentence reduction gime also extends to the prisons, el Dialogo, Trionfo, and Mundo are conditional on the "good behavior" where a completely primitive life is Social. of the prisoner and on whether he "of created for the inmates. The whole fers guarantees of leading an honest • Communication, both oral and wave of struggles in the prisons since life outside." Since the political pris written, is restricted to immediate rela last summer (hunger strikes, revolts, oner cannot remain passive before the tives. Communication is interfered and so on) has been marked by the injustices of the prison system and will with by functionaries, a situation that struggle of the political prisoners not abandon his struggle against the becomes intolerable. When they are against the inquisitional regime im dictatorship, he is deprived of these asked to alleviate these conditions, posed by the DGP (Direccion General measures, which could ever so slightly some prison directors shamelessly as de Prisiones—General Prison Adminis ease the monstrous sentences. sert that when we were condemned, tration). Examples of this are the "logically" so were our wives, chil struggles led by the comrades of • Prison life is especially miserable. dren, relatives, and friends. The use Zaragoza, who went on a hunger The cells are not taken care of. You of the Catalan, Galician, and Basque strike, by those of Martutene (in San suffer from the heat in the summer languages is strictly forbidden. It is Sebastian), who were taken on a night and freezing temperatures in the win recommended to the prisons and to transfer without being guaranteed any ter. The toilets are inside the cells, the officials in charge of censorship security or given any information which results in bad odors that are to add extreme religious criteria set about where they were going, by those often made worse by deprivation of down by reactionary priests to the of the Bausuri prison, some of whom water. The cellblocks, which are very political basis for the censorship. were released only in order to be small, accommodate about fifty politi • As for the sanitary, hygienic, and seized by the police again, tortured for cal prisoners each. The right of per food conditions, we can say that they five days, and returned to prison. sonal and family privacy is ceaseless conform to the general characteristics ly violated by censorship, intervention. We give here a brief account of the of the prisons. Health care amounts living conditions of the political to being given vaccinations against prisoners: typhoid and smallpox in order to • A fundamental point is the dis avoid the outbreak of epidemics in Still Available persion of the politicai prisoners the prisons. Medical assistance is de through various penitentiaries on the ficient, with only one doctor per pris Complete Back Files (Unbound) peninsula. In addition to the provin on, who must treat dozens of patients cial preventive-detention prisons, there in one hour. Hardly any prisons have Intercontinental Press are a dozen prisons through which the a dentist or optometrist, with the re 1967 42 ssues $25.00 political prisoners are scattered. The sult that cases requiring special atten 1968 44 ssues $22.00 comrades convicted in the Burgos tion become extremely grave. The 1969 43 ssues $21.50 trials are held in Carceres, Cartagena, general prison hospital, the only one 1970 43 ssues $21.50 and Cdrdoba, isolated from the other inmates can go to, in every case is 1971 45 ssues $22.50 comrades and subjected to especially small and is short of beds and post 1972 47 ssues $23.50 miserable conditions. Cartagena is a operative facilities; medical care varies 1973 46 ssues $23.00 prison for 'hopeless cases" and C6r- according to the financial situation

of the prisoners. Thirty-five pesetas P.O. Box 116 8. The anarchist garroted March 2 for [1 peseta equals less than US$0.02] Village Station his alleged participation in a'bank hold a day are allotted to each prisoner, New York, NY 10014 up and the murder of a policeman. — IP and when the general costs of lighting

November 18, 1974 and surveillance. Punishments in spe of democratic rights, on national op forts to win an amnesty, the release of cial cells are frequent and inflicted pression, capitalist exploitation, and political prisoners, and the return of for minor reasons. This situation gets prisons and exile, with a king taking the exiles, in order that we may be even worse when the prison adminis over Franco's job. Today more than rid of the dictatorship once and for trations violate their own rules of re ever it is necessary to redouble our ef all. □ pression, creating subhuman condi tions of punishment. Most of the time they forbid prisoners to leave their London Paper Proposes Mouth-Wotering 'Portfolio' cells, take away the beds and mattresses, and forbid smoking and reading. • The prisons also have workshops Invest in Food—and Watch Profits Grow! which are supposed to rehabilitate people through labor and contribute to reductions of sentences through the Do you have a little cash on hand, a practical side, as well as being a good system just mentioned. In reality, the and are wondering where to invest it prof investment. workshops are transformed into real itably? "The greatest attraction of any survival factories of exploitation and forced This can be a serious problem, when investment like food will obviously occur labor, in which salaries are beneath the quoted prices of most traditional in if shortages appear," says Richard Ensor, the "portfolio manager" for the new the minimum and discipline is dra- vestments are dropping. But a London newspaper, the Sunday venture. conian; the slightest infraction or mis Telegraph, has come up with a new in "Last winter, the price of candles rock take sends a prisoner to the punish vestment portfolio whose value is sure eted; now it is sugar. A broad selection ment cell or to the hole. The work to rise as inflation increases. It can be of preserved meats and vegetables will goes on with no security measures; cashed in at any moment with a tidy come into their own if the economy enters accidents are frequent, as is shown profit on the original investment. And a period of hyperinflation, when tradi- by the workshop fire that killed a what's more, if things get really bad, you tioncil investments suffer as the price in dozen people in the Alcala prison. can put it to immediate use —with benefit creases reach South American propor-, to your health and even survived. tions of 50% or more." It is against this situation that we That's because the portfolio consists of The Sunday Telegraph doesn't mention are struggling. Against dispersion, canned and bottled foods. it, of course, but the capitalists have long censorship, discrimination, banning of The Sunday Telegraph spent £100 known the advantages of investing in original languages, the hole, the ter (US$231) for the "portfolio," which it por food. They don't limit their investments to rible treatment. In a word, against trayed in a photo in the September 15 private stockpiling. They control all as repression in the prisons. edition. The biggest single investment, pects of food production, from fertilizer to We ask for active solidarity in this 11.88% of the total, was in Maxwell marketing. And they've used their control to deliberately create shortages — that in struggle. We ask that all people com House coffee in eight-ounce cans. The rest included six-packs of Long Life beer, turn drive prices up. mitted to democratic rights, to social 11.16%; Libby's corned beef, 10.26%; One of the shortages, at least among ism, to the development of Catalonia, and Osprey medium red salmon, 10.26%. the layers most concerned about prices, Galicia, and Euzkadi contribute how The Sunday Telegraph will from time is ready cash. In fact, most people ever they can to the common fight to time publish the current prices of the couldn't even scrape together sufficient against the misdeeds of the Francoist twenty-three items, as registered by a local money to make a small investment in the regime in the prisons. We are fighting supermarket chain. It will also make com Sunday Telegraph's, proposed "portfolio." repression where we find it. No pro parisons with investments in other fields. They're having difficulty just trying to vocation by the dictatorship (senten The paper's suggestion to readers that cope with the present weekly food bill out of their declining real incomes. □ ces, firings, assassinations, murders they put their money where their mouth in the prisons) must go without a is would seem to make good sense. Ac cording to the Grocer, a trade magazine, response. the average increase in processed-food Finally, the general characteristics West German Prisoner Dies prices in Britain over the past year has After Hunger Strike of the repression, along with the spe been 22.8%. Canned fruit is up 51%; cific features of the prisons, only canned and powdered milk, 24%; canned Holger Meins, imprisoned by the West demonstrate the weakness of a dic vegetables, 29%; and canned meat, 12%. German government since June 1972 as tatorial regime with no social base, During the same period, the Financial an alleged member of the Baader-Mein- a regime that has transformed the Times index of stocks fell more than 50%. bof group, died on November 9 after a country into a concentration camp in Gold shares have taken a beating, the hunger strike lasting nearly two months. which any demand or idea of progress art market (especicdly old masters and After news of Meins's death was released, Impressionist paintings) has softened, and is persecuted and banned. This regime several thousand persons protested in fine wines are proving to be a sour in street rallies in Stuttgart and West Berlin. is passing through difficult moments. vestment. Land prices are declining rap Meins was to have gone on trial next Not only is it facing a spectacular rise idly. year along with Ulrike Meinhof and other of class struggle, it is also awaiting Meanwhile, inflation, at an estimated alleged members of the group. They have the death of Franco, the dictator for annual rate of 15% to 20%, has food been charged with several killings, bank thirty-five years, and is hastily pre prices soaring, leading to panic buying robberies, and bomb attacks in West Ger paring for perpetuating the existing of commodities like sugar and salt. Dairy many. Meins, Meinhof, and thirty-eight situation by means of the Juan Carlos products are in short supply. other political prisoners began hunger monarchy. It is trying in vain to So the canned-goods portfolio recom strikes on September 13 to protest the maintain a system based on denial mended by the Sunday Telegraph has conditions of their confinement.

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