The Making of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement

Edited by

Brian Ward Lecturer in American History University of Newcastle upon Tyne and

Tony Badger Paul Mellon Professor of American History University of Cambridge Contents

Acknowledgements vii Notes on the Contributors x List of Abbreviations xii

Introduction 1 Brian Ward and Tony Badger

PART I: ORIGINS

1 The Civil Rights Movement in Louisiana, 1939-54 15 Adam Fairclough 2 'He Founded a Movement': W.H. Flowers, the Committee on Negro Organizations and the Origins of Black Activism in Arkansas, 1940-57 29 John Kirk 3 'Nixon Was the One': Edgar Daniel Nixon, the MIA and the Montgomery Bus Boycott 45 John White

PART II: RESPONSES

4 Fatalism, Not Gradualism: Race and the Crisis of Southern Liberalism, 1945-65 67 Tony Badger 5 White Liberal Intellectuals, Civil Rights and Gradualism, 1954-60 96 Walter A. Jackson 6 Rethinking African-American Political Thought in the Post-Revolutionary Era 115 Clayborne Carson vi Contents

PART III: REPRESENTATIONS

7 From Shiloh to Selma: The Impact of the Civil War Centennial on the Black Freedom Struggle in the United States, 1961-65 131 Robert Cook 8 Touchstones, Authorities and Marian Anderson: The Making of 'I Have A Dream' 147 Keith D. Miller and Emily M. Lewis 9 Politics and Fictional Representation: The Case of the Civil Rights Movement ^ 162 Richard H. King

PART IV: COMPARISONS

10 The Limits of America: Rethinking Equality in the Changing Context of British Race Relations 181 Tariq Modood 11 British Responses to Martin Luther King Jr and the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-68 194 Mike Sewell 12 Non-violent Resistance to White Supremacy: A Comparison of the American Civil Rights Movement and the South African Defiance Campaigns of the 1950s 213 George M. Fredrickson

Index ' 230