RHD Total Road List 22-07-2020.Xlsx
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Rail Carrier Freight Invoice Version 004010
Ryder Transportation EDI Electronic Data Interchange EDI 410 Rail Carrier Freight Invoice Version 004010 Document: Version: 2.0 Document Date: Feb. 8, 2015 RYD410 (004010) 1 February 8, 2016 410 Rail Carrier Freight Details and Invoice Functional Group ID=IR Introduction: This Draft Standard for Trial Use contains the format and establishes the data contents of the Rail Carrier Freight Details and Invoice Transaction Set (410) for use within the context of an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) environment. The transaction set can be used to provide detailed information of charges associated with a rail movement. The information is provided by a rail carrier and is sent to the freight payer. Pos. Seg. Req. Loop Notes and No. ID Name Des. Max.Use Repeat Comments M 010 ST Transaction Set Header M 1 M 020 B3B Beginning Segment for Carrier's Invoice M 1 030 C4 Alternate Amount Due O 1 040 N9 Reference Identification O 30 LOOP ID - N7 500 M 050 N7 Equipment Details M 1 070 G4 Scale Identification O 1 080 M7 Seal Numbers O 5 090 N5 Equipment Ordered O 1 M 130 N8 Waybill Reference M 499 M 140 F9 Origin Station M 1 M 150 D9 Destination Station M 1 LOOP ID - N1 10 M 160 N1 Name M 1 165 N2 Additional Name Information O 2 M 170 N3 Address Information M 2 M 180 N4 Geographic Location M 1 400 R2 Route Information O 13 LOOP ID - LX 25 M 430 LX Assigned Number M 1 M 440 L5 Description, Marks and Numbers M 15 LOOP ID - L0 25 M 460 L0 Line Item - Quantity and Weight M 1 M 470 L1 Rate and Charges M 10 M 540 L3 Total Weight and Charges M 1 M 570 SE Transaction Set Trailer M 1 RYD410 (004010) 2 February 8, 2016 Segment: ST Transaction Set Header Position: 010 Loop: Level: Usage: Mandatory Max Use: 1 Purpose: To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number Syntax Notes: Semantic Notes: 1 The transaction set identifier (ST01) is used by the translation routines of the interchange partners to select the appropriate transaction set definition (e.g., 810 selects the Invoice Transaction Set). -
Preparatory Survey on Western Bangladesh Bridges Improvement Project Final Report Volume 1: Main Report
ROADS AND HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION AND BRIDGES THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH PREPARATORY SURVEY ON WESTERN BANGLADESH BRIDGES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT APRIL 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. 4R KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL CR(5) 15-027 ROADS AND HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION AND BRIDGES THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH PREPARATORY SURVEY ON WESTERN BANGLADESH BRIDGES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT APRIL 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL The exchange rates applied in this study are; USD 1.0= BDT 77.9 = JPY 119.0 BDT: Bangladesh TAKA People's Republic of Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan India Myanmar Rangpur Bangladesh Rajshahi Planned Economic Zone in Narsingdi Gopalganj Khulna Barisal Survey Area ■Area: 144 thousand km2 (About 0.4 times of ■Trade (2012) Japan) (1)Export: USD23.9billion ■Population: 152.5million(2013） (Knitwear, Clothing goods) ■Capital: Dhaka (2)Import: USD33.3billion ■Ethnic: Bangalese (Petroleum products, Fiber, Chemical ■Language: Bengali product, Mechanical component) ■Religion: Muslim (89.7%), Hinduism (9.2%), ■Exchange rate: USD1＝BDT 77.5(2012) Buddhism (0.7%), Christianity (0.3%) ■ODA Performance of GOJ(2011) ■Major industry: Clothing goods, Sewing (1)Government loans：JPY 59.97 billion ■GDP: USD 766.5（2012） (2)Grant aid:：JPY 12.67billion (3)Technical assistance:：JPY 29.04billion ■Price Escalation: 7.97%（2012） ■Economic growth: 6.3%(2012） Veiw of Steel-I Girder Bridge Veiw of PC-I Girder Bridge Preparatory Survey on Western Bangladesh Bridges Improvement Project Final Report Outline of the Project 1. -
Bangladesh-Army-Journal-61St-Issue
With the Compliments of Director Education BANGLADESH ARMY JOURNAL 61ST ISSUE JUNE 2017 Chief Editor Brigadier General Md Abdul Mannan Bhuiyan, SUP Editors Lt Col Mohammad Monjur Morshed, psc, AEC Maj Md Tariqul Islam, AEC All rights reserved by the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in the articles of this publication are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy and views, official or otherwise, of the Army Headquarters. Contents Editorial i GENERATION GAP AND THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES 1-17 Brigadier General Ihteshamus Samad Choudhury, ndc, psc MECHANIZED INFANTRY – A FUTURE ARM OF BANGLADESH ARMY 18-30 Colonel Md Ziaul Hoque, afwc, psc ATTRITION OR MANEUVER? THE AGE OLD DILEMMA AND OUR FUTURE 31-42 APPROACH Lieutenant Colonel Abu Rubel Md Shahabuddin, afwc, psc, G, Arty COMMAND PHILOSOPHY BENCHMARKING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY 43-59 FOR COMMANDERS AT BATTALION LEVEL – A PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH ARMY Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Monir Hossain Patwary, psc, ASC MASTERING THE ART OF NEGOTIATION: A MUST HAVE ATTRIBUTE FOR 60-72 PRESENT DAY’S BANGLADESH ARMY Lieutenant Colonel Md Imrul Mabud, afwc, psc, Arty FUTURE WARFARE TRENDS: PREFERRED TECHNOLOGICAL OUTLOOK FOR 73-83 BANGLADESH ARMY Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Baker, afwc, psc, Sigs PRECEPTS AND PRACTICES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: 84-93 BANGLADESH ARMY PERSPECTIVE Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed Zaber Hossain, AEC USE OF ELECTRONIC GADGET AND SOCIAL MEDIA: DICHOTOMOUS EFFECT ON 94-113 PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL LIFE Major A K M Sadekul Islam, psc, G, Arty Editorial We do express immense pleasure to publish the 61st issue of Bangladesh Army Journal for our valued readers. -
Module (Daughter Bd) 02-Nov-2015
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 THIS DRAWING IS THE PROPERTY OF ANALOG DEVICES INC. IT IS JUMPER TABLE REVISIONS NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR COPIED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED USED IN FURNISHING INFORMATION TO OTHERS, OR FOR ANY OTHER JP# ON OFF A ORIGINATION NHR-039086 JUN-2014 R.GETZ PURPOSE DETRIMENTAL TO THE INTERESTS OF ANALOG DEVICES. THE EQUIPMENT SHOWN HEREON MAY BE PROTECTED BY PATENTS 1 OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY ANALOG DEVICES. 2 3 RELAY CONTROL CHART D 4 D CONTROL CODE DEVICE FUNCTION CONNECTOR 5 * SEE ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS C C B B 02-NOV-2015 MODULE (DAUGHTER BD) TEMPLATE ENGINEER DATE ANALOG - HARDWARE SERVICES SCHEMATIC DEV CES - HARDWARE SYSTEMS HW TYPE : MODULE - Product(s): Zynq / AD9361 TEST ENGINEER <PRODUCT_1> - A COMPONENT ENGINEER PACKAGE : PinCount-lead N/A Package-family A - : Pitch-pitch StyleVendor Style TEST PROCESS <User Define> - HARDWARE RELEASE <User Define> - <User Define> DESIGNER MASTER PROJECT TEMPLATE TESTER TEMPLATE DRAWING NO. REV. S.LEE/ TBD no_template PTD ENGINEER UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES TOLERANCES 02_038702 C <PTD_ENGINEER> DECIMALS FRACTIONS ANGLES P.O SPEC. BK/BD SPEC. SOCKET OEM OEM PART# HANDLER CHECKER SIZE SCALE CODE ID NO. X.XX +-0.010 +-1/32 +-2 - X.XXX +-0.005 DD 1:1 CodeID SHEET 1 OF 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 REVISIONS REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED PHY1_1V8 3.3V E16 PHY1_VDD_3V3 PS_MIO17_501_ETH0_TX_D0 PS_MIO26_501_ETH0_RX_D3 PHY1_AVDD_1V8_OUT PS_MIO18_501_ETH0_TX_D1 PS_MIO25_501_ETH0_RX_D2 1 2 PHY1_AVDD_1V8 E13 L0805 1 2 PS_MIO19_501_ETH0_TX_D2 -
UNC Parking Zone Map UNC Transportation & Parking
UNC Parking Zone Map UNC Transportation & Parking Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P 26 **UNC LEASES SPACE CAROLINA . ROAD IN THESE BUILDINGS 21 21 MT HOMESTEAD NORTH LAND MGMT. PINEY OPERATIONS CTR. VD. (NC OFFICE HORACE WILLIAMS AIRPORT VD., HILL , JR. BL “RR” 41 1 1 Resident 41 CommuterRR Lot R12 UNC VD AND CHAPEL (XEROX) TE 40 MLK BL A PRINTING RIVE EXTENSION MLK BL ESTES D SERVICES TIN LUTHER KING TERST PLANT N O I AHEC T EHS HOMESTEAD ROAD MAR HANGER VD. 86) O I-40 STORAGE T R11 TH (SEE OTHER MAPS) 22 22 O 720, 725, & 730 MLK, JR. BL R1 T PHYSICAL NOR NORTH STREET ENVRNMEN HL .3 MILES TO TH. & SAFETY ESTES DRIVE 42 COMMUTER LOT T. 42 ER NC86 ELECTRICAL DISTRICENTBUTION OPERATIONS SURPLUS WA REHOUSE N1 ST GENERAL OREROOM 2 23 23 2 R1 CHAPEL HILL ES MLK JR. BOULE NORTH R1 ARKING ARD ILITI R1 / R2OVERFLOW ZONEP V VICES C R A F SHOPS GY SE EY 43 RN 43 ENERBUILDING CONSTRUCTION PRITCHARD STREET R1 NC 86 CHURCH STREET . HO , JR. BOULE ES F R1 / V STREET SER L BUILDING VICE ARD A ST ATIO GI EET N TR AIRPOR R2 S T DRIVE IN LUTHER KING BRANCH T L MAR HIL TH WEST ROSEMARY STREET EAST ROSEMARY STREET L R ACILITIES DRIVE F A NO 24 STUDRT 24 TH COLUMBI IO CHAPE R ADMINIST OFF R NO BUILDINGICE ATIVE R10 1700 N9 MLK 208 WEST 3 N10 FRANKLIN ST. -
Full Wwpdb EM Validation Report I
Full wwPDB EM Validation Report ○i Dec 14, 2020 – 11:42 PM JST PDB ID : 5WYJ EMDB ID : EMD-6695 Title : Cryo-EM structure of the 90S small subunit pre-ribosome (Dhr1-depleted, Enp1-TAP, state 1) Authors : Ye, K.; Zhu, X.; Sun, Q. Deposited on : 2017-01-13 Resolution : 8.70 Å(reported) This is a Full wwPDB EM Validation Report for a publicly released PDB entry. We welcome your comments at [email protected] A user guide is available at https://www.wwpdb.org/validation/2017/EMValidationReportHelp with specific help available everywhere you see the ○i symbol. The following versions of software and data (see references ○i ) were used in the production of this report: EMDB validation analysis : 0.0.0.dev61 MolProbity : 4.02b-467 Percentile statistics : 20191225.v01 (using entries in the PDB archive December 25th 2019) Ideal geometry (proteins) : Engh & Huber (2001) Ideal geometry (DNA, RNA) : Parkinson et al. (1996) Validation Pipeline (wwPDB-VP) : 2.15.1 Page 2 Full wwPDB EM Validation Report EMD-6695, 5WYJ 1 Overall quality at a glance ○i The following experimental techniques were used to determine the structure: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY The reported resolution of this entry is 8.70 Å. Percentile scores (ranging between 0-100) for global validation metrics of the entry are shown in the following graphic. The table shows the number of entries on which the scores are based. Whole archive EM structures Metric (#Entries) (#Entries) Clashscore 158937 4297 Ramachandran outliers 154571 4023 Sidechain outliers 154315 3826 RNA backbone 4643 859 The table below summarises the geometric issues observed across the polymeric chains and their fit to the map. -
Powering an I.MX 6SX-Based System Using the PF3000 PMIC
NXP Semiconductors Document Number: AN5161 Application Note Rev. 1.0, 7/2016 Powering an i.MX 6SX-based system using the PF3000 PMIC 1 Introduction Contents 1 Introduction. 1 The PF3000 is a highly integrated Power Management IC ideally suited to power NXP's i.MX 6SX, i.MX 6SL, i.MX 6S, i.MX 6DL, 2 PF3000 voltage regulators . 2 i.MX 6UL and the i.MX 7 series of applications processors. This 3 i.MX 6SX power management using the PF3000 . 3 Application Note discusses the power tree configuration for 4 PF3000 power input . 4 powering an i.MX 6SX based system using the PF3000. NXP analog ICs are manufactured using the SMARTMOS 5 PF3000 layout guidelines . 5 process, a combinational BiCMOS manufacturing flow that 6 PF3000 software support . 5 integrates precision analog, power functions and dense CMOS 7 Schematics. 6 logic together on a single cost-effective die. 8 References . 27 9 Revision history . 28 © 2016 NXP B.V. PF3000 voltage regulators 2 PF3000 voltage regulators Table 1 shows a summary of the voltage regulators in the PF3000. Output voltage and startup sequence of the regulators is programmed into the PMIC through One Time Programmable (OTP) memory. For more details, refer to the product datasheet. Table 1. PF3000 voltage regulators Regulator Output voltage range Load current rating 0.7 V to 1.425 V SW1A 1.8 V 1000 mA 3.3 V SW1B 0.7 V to 1.475 V 1750 mA 1.5 V to 1.85 V SW2 1250 mA 2.5 V to 3.3 V SW3 0.9 V to 1.65 V 1500 mA SWBST 5.0 V to 5.15 V 600 mA VSNVS 3.0 V 1.0 mA VLDO1 1.8 V to 3.3 V 100 mA VLDO2 0.8 V to 1.55 V 250 mA VLDO3 1.8 V to 3.3 V 100 mA VLDO4 1.8 V to 3.3 V 350 mA 1.8 V to 1.85 V VCC_SD 100 mA 2.85 V to 3.3 V V33 2.85 V to 3.3 V 350 mA VREFDDR VINREFDDR/2 10 mA Powering an i.MX 6SX-based system using the PF3000 PMIC, Rev. -
Download File
Cover and section photo credits Cover Photo: “Untitled” by Nurus Salam is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 (Shangu River, Bangladesh). https://www.flickr.com/photos/nurus_salam_aupi/5636388590 Country Overview Section Photo: “village boy rowing a boat” by Nasir Khan is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasir-khan/7905217802 Disaster Overview Section Photo: Bangladesh firefighters train on collaborative search and rescue operations with the Bangladesh Armed Forces Division at the 2013 Pacific Resilience Disaster Response Exercise & Exchange (DREE) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonmildep/11856561605 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management Section Photo: “IMG_1313” Oregon National Guard. State Partnership Program. Photo by CW3 Devin Wickenhagen is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonmildep/14573679193 Infrastructure Section Photo: “River scene in Bangladesh, 2008 Photo: AusAID” Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfataustralianaid/10717349593/ Health Section Photo: “Arsenic safe village-woman at handpump” by REACH: Improving water security for the poor is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/reachwater/18269723728 Women, Peace, and Security Section Photo: “Taroni’s wife, Baby Shikari” USAID Bangladesh photo by Morgana Wingard. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_bangladesh/27833327015/ Conclusion Section Photo: “A fisherman and the crow” by Adnan Islam is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/adnanbangladesh/543688968 Appendices Section Photo: “Water Works Road” in Dhaka, Bangladesh by David Stanley is licensed under CC BY 2.0. -
Project – Jessore Roads- Drains Improvement Subproject (Phase 1)
Initial Environmental Examination October 2015 BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project – Jessore Roads- Drains Improvement Subproject (Phase 1) Prepared for the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Government of Bangladesh and for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ATTACHMENT 2: IEEs for ROAD AND DRAIN Road-Drain Improvement Sub-Project Package Nr: UGIIP-III-I/JESS/UT+DR/01,02/2015 (Package-1,2) JESSORE POURASHAVA OCTOBER 2015 Prepared by: MDS Consultants Initial Environmental Examination October 2015 BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project-Jessore Roads-Drains Improvement Subproject (Phase-1) Prepared for the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Government of Bangladesh and for the Asian Development Bank ii CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26th October 2015) Currency Unit = BDT BDT1.00 = $0.01286 $1.00 = BDT77.75 ABRREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – affected person -
Unclaimed Deposit Statement for Bank's Website-As on 31.12.2020
SL Name of Branch Present Address Permanent Address Account Type Name of Account/ Beneficiary Account/Instrument No. Father's Name Amount BB Cheque Amount Date of Transfer Remarks No. 1 SKB Branch Law Chamber, Amin Court, 5th Floor, 62-63 Motijheel C/A, Dhaka. NA Current Account Graham John Walker 0003-0210001547 NA 130,569.00 130,569.00 18-Aug-14 2 SKB Branch NA NA NA Grafic System Pvt. Ltd. PAA00014522 NA 775.00 3 SKB Branch NA NA NA Elesta Security Services Ltd. PAA00015444 NA 4,807.00 5,582.00 22-Nov-15 4 SKB Branch 369,New North Goran Khilgaon,Dhaka. Vill-Maziara, PO-Jibongonj Bazar, Nabinagar, Brahman Baria Savings Account Farida Iqbal 0003-0310010964 Khondokar Iqbal Hossain 1,212.00 5 SKB Branch Dosalaha Villa, Sec#6,Block#D,Road#9, House# 11,Mirpur ,Dhaka. Vill-Balurchar, PO-Baksha Nagar,PS-Nababgonj,Dist-Dhaka. Savings Account Md. Shah Alam 0003-0310009190 Late Abdur Razzak 975.00 6 SKB Branch H#26(2nd floor)Road# 111,Block-F,Banani,Dhaka. Vill- Chota Khatmari,PO-Joymonirhat, PS-Bhurungamari,Dist-Kurigram. Savings Account S.M. Babul Akhter 0003-0310014077 Md. Amjad Hossain 782.00 7 SKB Branch 135/1,1st Floor Malibag,Dhaka. Vill-Bhairabdi,PO-Sultanshady,PS-Araihazar,Dist-Narayangonj. Savings Account Mohammad Mogibur Rahman 0003-0310012622 Md. Abdur Rashid 416.00 14,951.00 6-Jun-16 8 SKB Branch A-1/16,Sonali Bank Colony, Motijheel,Dhaka. 12/2,Nabin Chanra Goshwari Road, Shampur, Dhaka. Savings Account Salina Akter Banu 0003-0310012668 Md. Rahmat Ali 966.00 9 SKB Branch Cosmos Center 69/1,New Circular Road,Malibage,Dhaka. -
Biological Properties and Genetic Characterization of Novel Low
microorganisms Communication Biological Properties and Genetic Characterization of Novel Low Pathogenic H7N3 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Mallard Ducks in the Caspian Region, Dagestan, Russia Marina Gulyaeva 1,2,* , Maria Alessandra De Marco 3, Ganna Kovalenko 4, Eric Bortz 4 , Tatiana Murashkina 1, Kseniya Yurchenko 1 , Marzia Facchini 5, Mauro Delogu 6, Ivan Sobolev 1, Alimurad Gadzhiev 7, Kirill Sharshov 1 and Alexander Shestopalov 1 1 Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (K.Y.); [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3 ISPRA Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (E.B.) 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 6 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; Citation: Gulyaeva, M.; De Marco, [email protected] M.A.; Kovalenko, G.; Bortz, E.; 7 Department of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Dagestan State University, 367000 Dagestan, Russia; Murashkina, T.; Yurchenko, K.; [email protected] Facchini, M.; Delogu, M.; Sobolev, I.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-(952)-913-65-13 Gadzhiev, A.; et al. Biological Properties and Genetic Abstract: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are maintained in wild bird reservoirs, particularly in Characterization of Novel Low mallard ducks and other waterfowl. -
Connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia Connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia
A JOINT STUDY OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia Connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia i © 2015 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved. Published in 2015. Printed in Japan. Printed using vegetable oil-based inks on recycled paper; manufactured through a totally chlorine-free process. ISBN 978-4-89974-047-6 (Print) ISBN 978-4-89974-048-3 (PDF) The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), or their Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB and ADBI do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” or other geographical names in this publication, ADB and ADBI do not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works without the express, written consent of ADBI. Note: In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adbi.org Contents List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes vi Foreword x Acknowledgments xii Abbreviations xiv Executive Summary xvii Chapter 1: Introduction