The Michigan Democratic Women's Caucus
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Working Mothers and the Postponement of Women's
SUK_FINAL PROOF_REDLINE.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 3/13/2021 4:13 AM WORKING MOTHERS AND THE POSTPONEMENT OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS FROM THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT JULIE C. SUK* The Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification in 1920 spawned new initiatives to advance the status of women, including the proposal of another constitutional amendment that would guarantee women equality in all legal rights, beyond the right to vote. Both the Nineteenth Amendment and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) grew out of the long quest to enshrine women’s equal status under the law as citizens, which began in the nineteenth century. Nearly a century later, the ERA remains unfinished business with an uncertain future. Suffragists advanced different visions and strategies for women’s empowerment after they got the constitutional right to vote. They divided over the ERA. Their disagreements, this Essay argues, productively postponed the ERA, and reshaped its meaning over time to be more responsive to the challenges women faced in exercising economic and political power because they were mothers. An understanding of how and why *Professor of Sociology, Political Science, and Liberal Studies, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and Florence Rogatz Visiting Professor of Law (fall 2020) and Senior Research Scholar, Yale Law School. Huge thanks to Saul Cornell, Deborah Dinner, Vicki Jackson, Michael Klarman, Jill Lepore, Suzette Malveaux, Jane Manners, Sara McDougall, Paula Monopoli, Jed Shugerman, Reva Siegel, and Kirsten Swinth. Their comments and reactions to earlier iterations of this project conjured this Essay into existence. This Essay began as a presentation of disconnected chunks of research for my book, WE THE WOMEN: THE UNSTOPPABLE MOTHERS OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (2020) , but the conversations generated by law school audiences nudged me to write a separate essay to explore more thoroughly how the story of suffragists’ ERA dispute after the Nineteenth Amendment affects the future of constitutional lawmaking. -
Cultural Anthropology Through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-Based Sentiment
Cultural Anthropology through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-based Sentiment Peter A. Gloor, Joao Marcos, Patrick M. de Boer, Hauke Fuehres, Wei Lo, Keiichi Nemoto [email protected] MIT Center for Collective Intelligence Abstract In this paper we study the differences in historical World View between Western and Eastern cultures, represented through the English, the Chinese, Japanese, and German Wikipedia. In particular, we analyze the historical networks of the World’s leaders since the beginning of written history, comparing them in the different Wikipedias and assessing cultural chauvinism. We also identify the most influential female leaders of all times in the English, German, Spanish, and Portuguese Wikipedia. As an additional lens into the soul of a culture we compare top terms, sentiment, emotionality, and complexity of the English, Portuguese, Spanish, and German Wikinews. 1 Introduction Over the last ten years the Web has become a mirror of the real world (Gloor et al. 2009). More recently, the Web has also begun to influence the real world: Societal events such as the Arab spring and the Chilean student unrest have drawn a large part of their impetus from the Internet and online social networks. In the meantime, Wikipedia has become one of the top ten Web sites1, occasionally beating daily newspapers in the actuality of most recent news. Be it the resignation of German national soccer team captain Philipp Lahm, or the downing of Malaysian Airlines flight 17 in the Ukraine by a guided missile, the corresponding Wikipedia page is updated as soon as the actual event happened (Becker 2012. -
News Release Michigan State University Commencement
NEWS RELEASE MEDIA CONTACT: Kristen Parker, University Relations, (517) 353-8942, [email protected] MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT/CONVOCATION SPEAKERS 1907 Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. president 1914 Thomas Mott Osborn 1915 David Starr Jordan, Chancellor, Leland Stanford Junior University 1916 William Oxley Thompson, president, Ohio State University 1917 Samuel M. Crothers 1918 Liberty H. Bailey 1919 Robert M. Wenley, University of Michigan 1920 Harry Luman Russell, dean, University of Wisconsin 1921 Woodridge N. Ferris 1922 David Friday, MSU president 1923 John W. Laird 1924 Dexter Simpson Kimball, dean, Cornell University 1925 Frank O. Lowden 1926 Francis J. McConnell 1931 Charles R. McKenny, president, Michigan State Normal College 1933 W.D. Henderson, director of university extension, University of Michigan 1934 Ernest O. Melby, professor of education, Northwestern University 1935 Edwin Mims, professor of English, Vanderbilt University 1936 Gordon Laing, professor, University of Chicago 1937 William G. Cameron, Ford Motor Co. 1938 Frank Murphy, governor of Michigan 1939 Howard C. Elliott, president, Purdue University 1940 Allen A. Stockdale, Speakers’ Bureau, National Assoc. of Manufacturers 1941 Raymond A. Kent, president, University of Louisville 1942 John J. Tiver, president, University of Florida 1943 C.A. Dykstra, president, University of Wisconsin 1944 Howard L. Bevis, president, Ohio State University 1945 Franklin B. Snyder, president, Northwestern University 1946 Edmund E. Day, president, Cornell University 1947 James L. Morrill, president, University of Minnesota 1948 Charles F. Kettering 1949 David Lilienthal, chairperson, U.S. Atomic Commission 1950 Alben W. Barkley, U.S. vice president (For subsequent years: S-spring; F-fall; W-winter) 1951-S Nelson A. -
Toni Swanger Papers, 1951-1998
WDmen ~ Defense find EdutflfiDn CDmmittee Marcia Elayne, Chairwoman Christine Struminiski, Treasurer .: Donna Curry, Secretary Sandy Mullins, "Defense Benefit" Producer Loretta Akers . Valley Jones Valorie Angers Eleanor Josaitis Joanne Parrent Diane Keller Lydia Arreola Marion Kellog Ventra Asana White Odessa Komer Dottie Battle Linda Logan-LaPorte Honorable Barbara Rose Collins Judith Magid Ann R. Beser Angela Martinez Jane Bodish Councilwoman Maryann Mahaffey Christine Brown Jane Mannette Elizabeth Burch Alexandra McCoy Grace D. Carrothers Claudia Morcom Marcia Cron Beth Noonan Shirley Cucchi Virginia B. Nordby Louise Cusumano Suzanne O'Neil J. B. Dixson Marcia Palof Enid Eckstein Rosa Parks Dr. Marion Edman Deborah Paquette Hazel Edwards Sara Lee Pearl Angie Espino-McGhee Sarah Power Cindy Felong Patricia Proctor Win Frederick Allyn Ravitz SaSandra Fischer Laura Reves Rosella Gonzales Dorothy Richmond Jane Grier Faye E. Roberts Maria Gundianna Sandra Robson Mary Clare Hall Beverly Salters Lillian Hatcher Jeannette Salters Councilwoman Erma Henderson Ester Shapiro Alice Hines April Smith Sandra Hines Rosalie Sullivan Mabel Holleran Carrie Thompson Helen I. Howe Anne Trebilock Laurene Hyman Mary Anne Tschannen Joan Israel Cindy Urban Helen Irving Edith Van Horn Mary Jo Walsh Dauris Jackson Wendy Weinberg Mildred Jeffrey Marley Weiss Clarice Jobes Ennetta Wellman Grace Johnson Gyneze Williams Johnnie Jones Rose Williams LaVerne Jones Tina Zipser Dear Friends, The Women's Defense and Education Committee would like to extend a special "Thank You" to . the Hotel Pontchartrain, Chrysler Corporation, Portable Audio, Odessa Komer and the UAW, Linda Logan-LaPorte, the hard working members of the Committee, the talented and generous performers and speakers here tonight, and. especially you, for making this Benefit possible and profitable. -
2008 Newsmakers of the Year
20080105-NEWS--0001-NAT-CCI-CD_-- 12/31/2008 5:24 PM Page 1 ® www.crainsdetroit.com Vol. 25, No. 1 JANUARY 5 – 11, 2009 $2 a copy; $59 a year ©Entire contents copyright 2009 by Crain Communications Inc. All rights reserved Inside Michigan banks get Detroit Lions redo business playbook The 2010 Buick LaCrosse sedan is short end of TARP one of three new production vehicles Page 3 GM is expected to unveil at the auto show. Treasury avoiding state, some bankers say Inland Pipe acquires a national presence BY TOM HENDERSON lar Inc. bank got $935 million. (It was announced on NAIAS CRAIN’S DETROIT BUSINESS Dec. 29 that Detroit-based GMAC Financial Services Page 3 L.L.C. would receive $5 billion but that money is not With the deadline for federal approval fast ap- included for this story because GMAC is not a tradi- proaching, a summary of Michi- tional bank.) gan-based banks that have received One other state bank was ap- Local companies scope out greener, funding from the U.S. Treasury as proved for funding but declined $3B defense contract part of the Troubled Asset Relief the offer of $84 million — Mid- Program is short and, from the per- $172 billion land-based Chemical Financial Page 17 spective of local bankers, not so Of TARP funds distributed to Corp. leaner sweet. 208 banks nationwide in the Many national and large re- The Treasury has set a deadline first round gional banks that have branches of Jan. 15 for approving applica- in Michigan have been approved This Just In tions still pending. -
Jjjlvjc QUADRANGLE ! NOTES
---m THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW SCHOOL VOLUME 35, NUMBER 4 JJjlVJc QUADRANGLE ! NOTES : Law School Campaign 1992 - 1997 DEVELOPMENT AND ALUMNI RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT Cover is a rendition of the Law School Campaign poster (photograph by Batthazar Korab). To obtain a commemorative poster (14 x 24) please contact die University of Michipn Law School, Development and Alumni Relations, 721 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-307 1,3 13/998-6132. The University of Michigan $75 Million Law School Campaign 19921997 2 The Lazt~School Campnign The Law School Campaign n the weekend of September 17-19, The Law School is proud to an- THE CAMPAIGN GOALS 01992, the Law School celebrated nounce this Campaign in which all the public announcement of the $75 alumni, faculty, and friends are invited to Enhum' Faculty Support.. $1 5 M~lliun million Law School Campaign. The Law participate. The leadership gifts featured Erdcwvd Studrnr Support ................... .. $15 Million School Campaign constitutes part of the in the pages that follow illustrate the University of Michigan's $1 billion extraordinary generosity of Law School Endowed Progmm Suppm t . $15 M111lon Campaign for Michigan, the largest fund- graduates and friends who have contrib- raising effort ever undertaken by a public uted to the Campaign's two-year advance Lnw School F~cndUnresmct~.d G~ia . $15 blilLoti university. Nucleus Fund effort. In addition to hkw Beqtcest Comm~mena. $15 Million The Law Quadrangle, resplendent responding to reunion, bequest, and with a large blue and white tent, was the other special giving programs, all setting for the reception and announce- graduates have the opportunity to ment dinner on Thursday evening, support the Campaign through their September 17. -
Ninos Dia De
THE DETROIT CONTINUING THE STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE AND CONTRACTS NEWS By an overwhelming majority, Michigan voters pulled the plug on the proposal to legalize physician-assisted suicide. Jack Kevorkian may have more trouble winning over juries in the future.Page 3. ENTERTAINMENT Michigan Opera Theatre’s opening-night production of “Lucia di Lammermoor” flirted with disaster, but was consider ably better the second time around.Page 10. Journal photo by GEORGE WALDMAN Re’Sean Coleman, 4, and his brother ReVon, 2, show art they cre SPORTS ated at Holy Trinity School following the parish’s week celebration of Dia de losNinosthe Mexican holiday Day of the Dead. See photo story, Pages 16-17. DRC will close today after 48 years, ending Detroit-area thoroughbred racing.Page 32. GOP in control Classifieds Page 26 State Dems must rebuild after debacle Crossword Page 27 By Eric Freedman ■ First, Gov. John Engler’s legisla Letters Page 9 Journal Lansing Bureau analysis tive hand will be far stronger, Entertainment Page 10 ANSING — Fieger time is because the GOP now has majorities over, and rebuilding time theis party’s most visible and powerfulin both the state House and Senate. Television Page 12 here for Michigan Demoofficial in Lansing. And they leave“That puts Engler in a dominant crats. Republicans in control of both positionleg as far as policymaking, but Movie Guide Page 23 L islative chambers. of course there will be one more state The topsy-turvy results of Horoscope Page 24 Tuesday’s election leave a Let’s look at what the results meanHouse election this century, so we Democratic newcomer, Attorneyfor Michigan during the next two Sports Page 32 General-elect Jennifer Granholm, asyears: See STATE, Page 6 PAGE 2 THE DETROIT SUNDAY JOURNAL NOVEMBER 8 y 1998 DAILY DAILY 4 * 1 1 /6 Midday: 1-3- Eve: N.A. -
Than a Congressional Joke: a Fresh Look at the Legislative History of Sex Discrimination of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice Volume 3 (1997) Issue 1 William & Mary Journal of Women and Article 6 the Law April 1997 More Than a Congressional Joke: A Fresh Look at the Legislative History of Sex Discrimination of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Robert C. Bird Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons Repository Citation Robert C. Bird, More Than a Congressional Joke: A Fresh Look at the Legislative History of Sex Discrimination of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 3 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 137 (1997), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol3/iss1/6 Copyright c 1997 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl MORE THAN A CONGRESSIONAL JOKE: A FRESH LOOK AT THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF SEX DISCRIMINATION OF THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT ROBERT C. BiRD" INTRODUCTION The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Act) represents one of the most significant milestones of the twentieth century.' Title VII of the Act prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of "race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."2 The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was subsequently created to 8 define and enforce the Title VII provisions. Conventional wisdom holds that Congress added a sex 4 discrimination provision to Title VII as little more than a "joke" or a political ploy. Many authors dismiss the legislative history of the sex discrimination prohibition as aberrant congressional behavior, which is largely to be ignored. -
Detroit's 1967 Rebellion Two Thousand Seventeen
TWO THOUSAND SEVENTEEN AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST DETROIT’S 1967 REBELLION THE FIFTY-YEAR AFTERMATH 2017 AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST The Detroit Public Library has published ADULT LITERATURE its African American Booklist for 49 years. SELECTION COMMITTEE This bibliography provides a selected list of books by and/or about African Americans. Stacy Brooks Co-Chair The works of fiction and nonfiction for Christine Peele Co-Chair Vickie Baker adults, children and young adults were Taneca Chapman-Mills reviewed and recommended by librarians of Kalana Cooper the Detroit Public Library. The African American Booklist began as JUVENILE-TEENS a way to commemorate Black History SELECTION COMMITTEE Month and since that time has continued to feature the accomplishments of African Lurine Carter- Chairperson Americans in the literary world. Our Tonya DuPree- Contributor booklist has become an annual tradition in Tracy Massey- Contributor Amisha Harijan- Contributor the community and continues to be a highly anticipated publication for book lovers all across the nation. AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST PRODUCTION Khamisi Benford A.J. Funchess Romondo Locke Alma Simmons Original Cover Photo Caption (Courtesy of Burton Historical Collection): 2 | 2017 AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST | AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST PRODUCTION Khamisi Benford A.J. Funchess Romondo Locke Alma Simmons TABLE OF CONTENTS BLACK NATIONAL ANTHEM 4 FROM OUR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 5 DETROIT’S 1967 REBELLION: THE FIFTY-YEAR AFTERMATH 6 MUST READ RECOMMENDATIONS 18 FICTION 22 NON-FICTION 28 BIOGRAPHY/MEMOIRS 30 BUSINESS/FINANCE 31 COOKING 31 HEALTH & SCIENCE 32 HISTORY 33 INSPIRATIONAL/RELIGION 34 SOCIAL JUSTICE 35 RELATIONSHIPS 37 SPORTS & RECREATION 38 FORTHCOMING TITLES 39 PICTURE BOOKS 40 JUVENILE FICTION 40 JUVENILE NON-FICTION 42 JUVENILE BIOGRAPHY 42 TEEN FICTION 43 TEEN NON-FICTION 43 DETROIT 1967 44 WWW.DETROITPUBLICLIBRARY.ORG | 3 AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOKLIST PRODUCTION Khamisi Benford A.J. -
Transition (1974) - Possible Candidates for Appointment to Positions (1)” of the Richard B
The original documents are located in Box 12, folder “Transition (1974) - Possible Candidates for Appointment to Positions (1)” of the Richard B. Cheney Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 12 of the Richard B. Cheney Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE WHITE HOUSE T WASHINGTON A • B A ww w DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT Gaylord Freeman Chairman of the Board First National Bank of Chicago John Robson Sheldon Lubar Resigned as Assistant Secretary, HUD for Housing Production and Mortgage Credit (old FHA job) . Policy differences with Lynn over regional offices. Former Chairman Mortgage Association, Inc. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (mortgage banking company). Rocco Siciliano President, Title Insurance in Los Angeles (lent money to buy San Clemente) . Former Commerce Undersecretary. Thomas Moody Mayor, Columbus, Ohio {Rep.) Moon Landrieu Mayor, New Orleans (Dem.) Louis Welch Houston. Retired as Mayor. Dem. conservative. Helped Nixon Administration push revenue sharing, etc., with Mayors. -
IN THIS ISSUE the Two Crops the Standard of the Lord Lifted Up
Quaker Thought and Life Today VOLUME 7 JUNE 15, 1961 NUMBER 12 ~OLOGY ha, been described as the grammar of IN THIS ISSUE the language of 1·eligion. If it be so, that grammar is ten tative and experimental, be cause our knowledge of the language itself is limited. Yet The Two Crops we have the key words: among by C. Burnell Olds them, most outstandingly, "love" and "trust." If we have these in only the smal lest measure, or even have got The Standard of the Lord Lifted Up scarcely beyond wanting them by Alary lloxie Jones in our lives, God can work in them and will work for our aid. A nd whether we fee l the tide of the spirit running in Letter from Paris us strongly, or are bruised and bewildered in still wa by Wolf Jlendl ters, let us humbly and learn ingly believe this, for it is in this way that we begin to p,-ove it, in day-to-day experi Friends and Population in 1960 ence. by Kenneth Ives -HORACE B. POINTING TWENTY CENTS $5.00 A YEAR Books 250 FRIENDS JOURNAL June 15, 1961 FRIENDS JOURNAL Books TOLERANCE AND THE INTOLERABLE. By RrcHARD K. ULLMAN. The 1961 London Yearly Meeting Swarthmore Lecture. George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., London. 74 pages. 8s. 6d. The annual Swarthmore Lecture at the opening of London Yearly Meeting is an event of the first order in the life of British Friends. Although the lecture may not intend to be Published semimonthly, on the first and fifteenth of each a keynote address, it is, nevertheless, likely to give to the think month, at 1515 Cherry Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania ing of Friends a sense of direction that might otherwise be (LO 3-7669) by Friends Publishing Corporation missing. -
Awards Nomination Packet
1 League of Women Voters of Michigan January 15, 2021 Awards Nomination Packet Dear League Leader, In every Local League there are members whose values, service and leadership CONTENTS set them apart. In quiet and public ways these are the individuals who are doing the most to passionately fulfill the mission of the League of Women Voters. This President’s Letter 1 Awards Nomination Packet offers the opportunity to recognize those League and Award Overview leaders who excel in the hands-on work to safeguard democracy. Belle Brotherton 2 Award Criteria and The following awards will be presented May 21-22, 2021 at the virtual LWVMI Directions State Convention. Helen Milliken 3 Leadership in Civic Empowerment Criteria • The Belle Brotherton Award honors an individual whose outstanding leader- and Directions ship and significant accomplishments have benefited the citizens of Maryann Mahaffey 4 Community Service Michigan, inspired others and fostered greater public participation in the Award Criteria and democratic process. Directions GUIDELINES for the 5 three competitive • The Helen Milliken Leadership in Civic Empowerment Award honors up to awards two individuals who have led the way in providing citizens with information Belle Ringer Awards 6 and encouraging informed voters through League work at the state and/or And Directions local level. • The Maryann Mahaffey Community Service Award honors an individual for demonstrated outstanding commitment to their community and its citizens and who exemplifies the principles of League and League leadership. Awards Timeline • January 15, 2021 • The Belle Ringer Awards are noncompetitive and inclusive. Each local Awards Packet sent to League is invited to select up to four members for recognition—one each in Local Leagues Advocacy, Voter Service, Member Recruitment & Engagement and Strategic Planning and/or Fundraising, to acknowledge their support of critical League • April 30, 2021 NOON Awards nominations priorities.