Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: the Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales
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Review Article Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales Lennart J. Lundaqvist1 and Anders Biel *Corresponding author Hilaire Yankulije, Paris Institute of Political studies - School of International Master in Development Practice, Paris School of International affairs - Master of Development practice, major in Environment studies, Affairs, Sciences PO, Paris minor in Middle East studies, E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 24 Sep 2018; Accepted: 07 Oct 2018; Published: 07 Nov 2018 Abstract “We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.” Introduction However, international, national and local strategies should be Man foot print on earth will be remarkable even after his extinction translated into policies and the latter into actions as quick as and no doubt that the species which will live on this planet after possible because it’s high time to act against the environment human kind will recognize how the latter damaged the biodiversity degradation. Some territory need high priority and their continuous and other environment components some time for no useful and protection policy will be carried out in symbiosis with existing harmful needs. From the horse carriage to airplane navigation and public management tools. European Institutions have begun early to the revolution made in land and maritime ones after James Watt react. The Park of Canigou is among precious French and European discovered the steam machine the impact of new technologies on territories used and sometime abused by human being. From the both resources consumption and harm to biodiversity have caused the ancient time, French ancestors developed in that place the iron human kind future life uncertain in coming generations. However, extraction and its processing and pastoralism activities. At a given it’s not so late to make tangibles and preventive decisions which time they were obliged to stop with the iron activities because could reverse the things. Man is different from animal and from the of risks. Meanwhile, pastoralism and Mountaineering activities time he’s conscious that he’s the main earth polluter, its efforts which continue to be done increasing the degradation of that Catalan pearl. culminated at Stockholm, Rio and more recently in Paris Summit The particularity of Canigou is that as place of economic production, promise a new deal on mitigation and maintain the human impact a protected environmental area, and circumscription of French on planned and coordinated level. We are in the era of high mass government and especially for the department of PyrnéesOrientales consumption of mankind power of institutionalization, management, it belongs to numerous institutions which must act in institutional and the preservation of his perpetuity. symbiosis. We would like by here propose a study on common policy defined by numerous local French authorities, (region department and communes) and other institutions (French forest Authority) to manage a territory which is at high environmental risk. This will help us to experiment how national and international institutions could be implicated in environmental issues resolution using economical and legal tools with a little bit of innovation. We will begin by presenting Canigou as common patrimony then after we will proceed by presenting its national and local management tools and we will end our work with presenting the success ofone policy formulated on the issue of vehicle motorized vehicle traffic in Canigou area [1, 2]. Adv Envi Was Mana Rec, 2018 Volume 1 | Issue 1 | 1 of 5 Which canigo is it? communes. The law of February 28th 1942 repealed by the order of The Canigou is a vast mountainous wooded and area which August 9th 1944 states that joint authority associations are formed culminates at 2784, 66 m altitude in Catalan Province of France. by departmental agreement and can include the departments and This is a wide sentinel at the edge of the Mediterranean, which in communes. It’s the law no 55-606 of May1955 which broaden the any case cannot escape the eye of the traveler during all seasons of vocation of above said institutions.It’s in the same methodology that the year. But it’s not only the traveler and tourists who are attracted Le syndicatmixte de Canigou Grand site was founded to manage the by those mountains. The latter attracts also the Catalans who environmental issues in that mountainous area. This cross financing consider Canigou as a heritage which represents several interests. institution is an Association of French National forest authority, the In addition of various activities that the Catalan plain of Roussillon Department of PyrnéesOrientales and Local commune in which the and Conflent performed in the massive and near it, Canigou is also Canigou Mountains are situated. a place frequented by many people for several reasons including those related to its legendary status that of Catalan identity symbol, Cross Financing institution geological curiosity etc. In fact there are in Canigou a variety of The Cross financing syndicate roadmap is specified in Chapter four flora and fauna of rare species. of its status. The Article 15 of the syndicate states that the revenue budget includes the contribution of statutory members. Municipality Council of the Pyrnées Orientals is the first finance contributor with 54% of the total amount, the syndicated commune’s contribution is 35% while the national Office of forests gives 11%.Regarding the contribution of commune, the Article 15 as quoted states «The amount of the contribution of the commune is set at 3 Euros per capita. This amount may be modified by the syndicate committee after consulting the chairman of the inter-college for the protection and rational development of Canigou and the minutes of the inter- college for the protection and rational management of Canigou. "It is this mode of contribution and funding that gives the union the character of cross-financing institutions The Canigou is a natural area of richness of flora and fauna for which it constitutes ecological niche. According to the inventory of ZNEFF reported in the Action Plan of the European Union, at least 948 species have been I identified on the site, three species of spider, a species of mollusk, 27 vertebrate species, a species amphibian, 21 mammal species, including 14 bats, one species of fish, etc. But the Canigou is also a reservoir of flora; at least 238 plant species have been identified through inventories ZNIEFF. The Canigou is a historic area which contains ancient human foot print. When you visit Canigou you can see the traces of exploitation and human occupation; trails, cabins, walls, fountains, mines, A case of a decisionmade at local level, the formulation and the chapels, cross, drill. As an example, the Abbey of St. Martin, the execution of Policy against the motorized vehicle in Canigou abbey of St. Michael Cuxa, are very particular for their architectural Park structure, awareness of religious heritage etc. The mining heritage As we have already mentioned at the beginning Canigou is does not escape the eye of an observer. For twenty century as increasingly damaged by man. It is used for several reasons, as testified by archives, each landscape element refers to a myth of we have demonstrated in the preceding pages and since long time. history, legend, and oral memory and transmitted from generation However, this use has increased between the years 1980-1990 to generation reinterpreted. CANIGOU Mountains are also an ideal when the lure of fame and massive endangered its balance and location for production. Apart from agricultural activities made in its its ecosystem. Christian BOURQUIN said that it was the fatal plains, other activities of the pastoral and forestry sector are made decade for this site both in terms of motorized traffic and in terms on the massif. Strictly spoken, Part mass is used by farmers as cattle of infrastructures. Projects totally incompatible with the fragility grazing space. They pay money to the state. Since 1950, the massive of the environment. The ranking of the site in 1983 has so failed reforestation work has to last to wear a green forest trees in different to stem a rampage that earned the Canigou the image of mountain kinds capable of producing raw materials for various wood workers. jeeps, scraped on all sides by roads projects of hotels aloft programs and ski stations. The local authorities syndicate as a centre of decision making on canigou envirronnemental issues The degradation has continued to take a considerable scale so that a The syndicate mixte, we will use in this work cross financing retirement use of the site has established itself in 2001. In this year Syndicate or local authority joint association, is a French institution during the summer period users of the Canigou Mountains could not introduced in France since 1935. According to Etienne FAURE enjoy their sacred pearl. The following table reproduces according the main and fundamental aim of this institutions is to find how to available data the average speed of cars a day of summer which public authorities which utility is different can jointly manage one revolve tracks Canigou. project. Initially this kind of association was only reserved to the Adv Envi Was Mana Rec, 2018 Volume 1 | Issue 1 | 2 of 5 Average synthesis of cars traffic in Congou during the summer that were generally used in the past to something like for example season the old houses of shepherds.