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Editor Ally Foster The Canada 150 Issue Associate Editors Rachel Aiello Christina Leadlay Contributors anada’s 150th birthday is beginning to feel Inuit and indigenous law is another topic Charelle Evelyn like a drawn-out, year-long New Year’s explored in these pages, with guest columnist Shruti Shekar C Rachel Aiello Eve—but with a whole lotta branding and, John Borrows writing about new Canadian law Christina Leadlay apparently, more expensive fireworks. programs that incorporate indigenous and First Peter Mazereeuw Samantha Wright Allen Just like Dec. 31, there are celebratory Nations legal practices as a way of improving Dale Smith parties, a great deal of reflecting on the past, and education and working towards meaningful Martha Ilboudo Laura Ryckewaert renewed commitments to learn from mistakes reconciliation (page 40). Christopher Guly and to make improvements for the future. Meanwhile, Kamal Al-Solaylee, the winner of Katie Schultz Anthony Jenkins The onslaught of Canada 150-themed columns, this year’s prestigious Shaughnessy Cohen Prize Columnists books, and speeches about lessons-learned since for Political Writing, talks about the enormous John Borrows Confederation and what Canada’s next 150 years (and emotional) undertaking of writing a book Asha Hingorani should look like is comparable to the flood of new about the shared experiences and untold stories Photographers Sam Garcia gym-goers in the month of January. of the world’s brown populations (page 6). Jake Wright And, while mentions of Canada 150 may And while Canada 150 is mostly about Vice President, start to garner eye rolls by the end of 2017, this celebrating Canada’s journey to date, it’s also a Marketing and Multi-Media Sales milestone is providing a reason to take stock good time to consider what’s next. We take an Steve Macdonald 613-688-8841 | [email protected] of our country’s developments and to form in-depth look at Canada’s promising future in Directors of Business Development new resolutions—which ultimately, is a good the space sector (page 20), new technological Craig Caldbick thing. Not every newbie wandering through the breakthroughs in digital lobbying (page 66), 613-688-8827 | [email protected] gym on January 3 wearing the new Nikes they and how Christianity might still fit into a Martin Reaume 613-688-8836 | [email protected] snagged at a Boxing Day sale will still be there modern, diverse, and increasingly secular society Samim Massoom sweating it out come May, but some will. And (page 58). 613-688-8840 | [email protected] that’s called progress. So if you haven’t yet had your fill of Canada’s Director of Advertising & Marketing Chris Peixoto In this Canada 150 edition of P&I 150-years in review, pull up an Adirondack chair, Advertising Coordinator and Director – our largest issue yet – we hop on the pour yourself a glass of one of our Canadian of Careers sesquicentennial bandwagon and talk about wine picks, and immerse yourself in this fun Sarah Wells-Smith Canada: its past, present, and future. Our cover and informative snapshot of how the nation has Advertising and Sponsorship Executive Ulle Baum story ponders what the Trudeau government’s evolved, who’s sparking change now, and what 613-240-4622 | [email protected] legacy will be, and what kind of lasting the future looks like for the true north strong Production Manager influences his policies will have on future and free. Benoit Deneault generations (page 30). Senior Graphic and Online Designer One Liberal election policy promise that Joey Sabourin likely won’t come to fruition is electoral reform; Graphic Designer Melanie Brown an issue alluded to a satirical piece (page 64) Web Developer inspired by the popular 1980s British sitcom, Yes, Jean-Francois Lavoie Prime Minister. General Manager, CFO We also assess Trudeau’s cabinet, how Andrew Morrow ministerial monikers have evolved over the Director of Reader Sales Ryan O’Neill decades, and what portfolio name changes say about the government of the day and its Circulation and Marketing Manager Christopher Rivoire priorities (page 78). Reader Development and Sales Manager In fact, there’s a fair bit of history in this Sean Hansel edition of P&I. We look at the evolution of Reader Development Account Executives winemaking in Canada (page 90); the rise of Mark Nadeau Darryl Blackbird the donut as a culinary symbol for Canadian Nelson Rodriguez culture (page 86); and the Museum of History’s Corey Cote new $30-million Canadian History Hall (page Publishers Anne Marie Creskey 74), which ambitiously brings 15,000 years of Jim Creskey Canada’s stories to life. Ross Dickson We also take a walk down memory lane Don Turner in our Visual CV feature (page 18) with Published by Hill Times Publishing 2017 Hill Times Publishing iconic Canadian singer and songwriter Susan All Rights Reserved. Power & Influence Aglukark, who recently launched her new is published four times a year. charity, the Arctic Rose Foundation, which 246 Queen Street, Suite 200, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5E4 works with youth in Canada’s North. 613-232-5952 hilltimes.com Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 1 Contributors

Rachel Aiello Peter Mazereeuw C hristopher Guly Reporter, The Hill Times Deputy editor for The Hill Times Contributing writer, P&I magazine Associate editor, P&I magazine Peter has covered Chris is a contributing Rachel covers legislation, international trade, writer to The Hill the latest in House and foreign affairs, and Times and has Senate committees, and lobbying for The Hill been a member breaking political news Times’ publications for of the Canadian for The Hill Times. Rachel five years. He studied Parliamentary Press loves getting to work on journalism at Carleton University, Gallery since 1993. a good glossy feature and a snappy and lives in Barrhaven with his wife sidebar. Outside of work, she’s the and daughter. Canadian Association of Journalists’ Katie Schultz BEECHWOOD National Capital Region representative Samantha Wright Allen Editor, Parliament Now BEECHWOOD and community manager. Reporter, The Hill Times Katie spends her Samantha has worked days trying to simultaneously CEMETERY Christina Leadlay at four daily papers— watch CPAC and CEMETERY Associate editor, Parliament Now from Prince George, Associate editor, P&I magazine B.C. to Saint John, N.B.— listen to the Senate, and has a master’s in fulfilling her dream After finishing her master’s Leather goalie journalism from Carleton University. of working in politics. She has Leather goalie degree in English, a political science degree from Christina thought Carleton University. dale smith mask from 1930 she’d like to write Freelance journalist mask from 1930 for a magazine or a newspaper. In the 14 years Dale Smith is a freelance Anthony Mars Jenkins since then, Christina has done both, journalist in the Illustrator and more. Aside from her positions Parliamentary Press Anthony was born What’s the within Hill Times Publishing, Christina is Gallery, and author of in Toronto where What’s the also the managing editor of community The Unbroken Machine: he delivered the newspaper New Edinburgh News. Canada’s Democracy in Action. Globe and Mail in his connection? youth, then worked connection? M artha Ilboudo at the newspaper as a cartoonist for nearly 40 years. Charelle Evelyn Freelance journalist, contributing eechwood Cemetery is Canadians like Prime Come and enjoy a Associate Editor, The Wire Report writer, P&I magazine He now lives in bucolic Mono, Ont. www.jenkinsdraws.com. theeechwood fi nal resti Cemetery ng place is of MinisterCanadians Sir like Robert Prime Borden, self-guidedCome and tour, enjoy or abook Martha is a freelance B Charelle has been making BClintonthe fiBenedict, nal resti theng place fi rst of inventorMinister Sir RobertSandford Borden, yourself-guided private tour, tour or today book at a go of this journalism journalist in Ottawa. game since wrangling a Originally from Ghana, professionalClinton Benedict, hockey the goalie fi rst to Fleming,inventor Sirpoet Sandford Archibald Beechwoodyour private Cemetery.tour today at bachelor of journalism she was five years old wearprofessional a goalie hockey mask. Benedictgoalie to Lampman,Fleming, poet hockey Archibald legend BeechwoodFor nearly Cemetery. 150 years, degree from Carleton when her family moved On the cover: playedwear a forgoalie the mask. Ott awa Benedict andLampman, public servanthockey legendJames BeechwoodFor nearly Cemetery 150 years, has University in 2008. to Canada and settled in SUSAN AGLUKARK CANADA 150 EDITION DIGITAL LOBBYING played for the Ott awa and public servant James Beechwood Cemetery has Montreal, Que. Senators for 12 seasons and Creighton, Ott awa’s been the fi nal resti ng place wonSenators three for Stanley 12 seasons Cups. and fiCreighton, rst policewoman Ott awa’s Flora forbeen over the 82,000 fi nal resti Canadians ng place won three Stanley Cups. fi rst policewoman Flora for over 82,000 Canadians Shruti Shekar Laura Ryckewaert Experience all that Campbell, and father of from all communiti es, from all communiti es, Reporter, The Hill Times Reporter, The Hill Times RELIGION Experience all that Campbell, and father of & POLITICS Canada has come to the Canadian healthcare cultural groups and THINGS HOW WE BET CHRISTIANITY YOU DIDN’T CAN FIT INTO Canada has come to the Canadian healthcare cultural groups and Shruti received her Laura has been with The A MODERN represent with Great system, Tommy Douglas. religious groups. AND DIVERSE ABOUTKNOW CANADA’S CANADIAN CURLING CHAMPS, SOCIETY MA in journalism from Hill Times since 2011. TEAM HOMAN represent with Great system, Tommy Douglas. religious groups. Untold Western University. She She interned at the Stories THE FLAGS OF PARLIAMENT was born in India, grew paper while completing HILL up mostly in Singapore a bachelor degree in

$9.95 Summer 2017 and currently resides in journalism at Carleton IS IT TOO SOON TO TALKhilltimes.com/power-influence TRUDEAU’S LEGACY? Beechwood – Shaped by Canada, built by our community. Canada. When she isn’t writing about University, and was hired full-time Beechwood – Shaped by Canada, built by our community. lobbying, she teaches English online. shortly after graduating. Justin Trudeau. Photograph by Adam Scotti.

2 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 280 BEECHWOOD AVE, OTTAWA - 613-741-9530 – WWW.BEECHWOODOTTAWA.CA 280 BEECHWOODOwned by the Beechwood AVE, OTTAWA Cemetery Foundation- 613-741-9530 and operated by– The WWW.BEECHWOODOTTAWA.CA Beechwood Cemetery Company Owned by the Beechwood Cemetery Foundation and operated by The Beechwood Cemetery Company

BeechwoodFP.indd 1 17-06-15 10:44 AM BeechwoodFP.indd 1 17-06-15 10:44 AM C onteNTS

world leaders in rocket science 20 As the Canadian Space Agency prepares to select the successful candidates from its latest astronaut recruitment campaign, Canada’s future in the space industry looks brighter than ever.

Is it too soon to talk about Trudeau’s legacy? 30 Why do insiders and experts predict some of this government’s forward-thinking policies will stick? Because any change would be ‘backwards movement.’

when in...the royal canadian mint 46 P&I goes behind-the-scenes at the Ottawa facility, where precious metals become useful coins, used both as practical currency and to circulate the Canadian story.

Building bridges with faith in an increasingly secular society Father Jim, former Archbishop of Winnipeg, reflects on a 50-year career in the 58 Catholic Church, including reconciliation with Canada’s First Nations, and how religion might still fit into a modern and diverse Canadian society.

lobbying goes digital From ‘astroturf’ campaigns and Facebook games, social activism apps 66 and websites that bombard politicians’ voicemail inboxes overnight, the internet is revolutionizing democratic communications in surprising ways.

canadian history hall 74 Modernizing the History Hall has been a massive, $30-million, five-year undertaking with innumerable perspectives and voices to consider.

06 Off Script: Komal al-solaylee a look at cabinet changes since confederation 78 The evolution of ministerial monikers, and what the changes say about 12 the untold stories of the the government of the day. parliament hill flags

18 visual cv: susan aglukark

a donut-shaped identity 40 canada at 150: An emphasis on 86 How a humble sweet treat seized post-war consumer culture, becoming INdigenous law a social unifier for all Canadians. 54 get the scoop on one of CANAda’s defining documents

Raise a glass to canadian wine 64 Yes, Prime Minister: A spin-off 90 The nation’s varied geography and a unique climate leads to sundry sips and a booming industry. 94 60 things you didn’t know ABOut ‘team homan’ off script-Kamal Al-Solaylee kamal al-solaylee-off script Off Script: Kamal Al-Solaylee

By Ally Foster

The 2017 Shaughnessy Cohen Prize winner discusses the enormous—and emotional— undertaking of writing about the shared experiences and untold stories of the world’s brown population.

Photograph courtesy of Gary Gould

6 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 off script-Kamal Al-Solaylee

urry and chemical skin peels. glances with the other brown- Bollywood and Islamophobia. skinned travellers who have also been Work visas, taxi drivers and pulled aside for a more thorough Cthe tech geniuses of Silicon Valley. examination. What do all of these elements have in These personal anecdotes common? Canadian author Kamal Al- exemplify two of the less-positive Solaylee—the recent recipient of the brown experiences that Al-Solaylee Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political focuses on in his book: the expectation Writing—explains these are some of of cheap labour, and an increase in the threads that weave the complex yet racial profiling and Islamophobia. generalized experience of the global The book touches on a variety of brown community. Some are projected elements that illustrate some of the stereotypes, and some of them are bonds that connect the world’s brown accurate. population (two billion-plus strong, In his prize-winning non-fiction and growing) including: statistics narrative Brown, Kamal Al-Solaylee, a on the shocking multi-billion dollar Yemeni-born journalist and professor skin-lightening industry; tales of at Ryerson University, layers personal migration; stories about the hard work anecdote, historical research, and and sacrifices made by parents to on-the-ground reporting from 10 create a better life for their children; countries across four continents to stereotypes about food preferences; tell the story of what it means to be exploitative labour; the economic brown in today’s globalized world, and and political power of the brown also, what that experience says about community in North America; as humanity more generally. well as Canada’s own refugee and “You may be brown, white, East immigration system. Asian, aboriginal or black. Male or Al-Solaylee spoke with P&I via female. Gay or straight. Some or none Skype while travelling in Hong Kong, Kamal Al-Solaylee at the Politics and the Pen gala of the above. However you choose to fresh off his win of the Shaughnessy with his award. P&I photograph by Jake Wright identify, these stories are in essence Cohen prize, to discuss the crafting of about us, all of us—about the world the book, what he learned along the we’ve inherited, created, fought for or way, and what’s next. against,” writes the Canadian author This interview has been edited for in the book’s introduction. “We’re all length, style, and clarity. in this together, regardless of skin colour or country of origin. To write Did you come to any surprising about brownness is to write about realizations while working on this whiteness. To experience brownness is book? to recognize blackness, as a colour and “One thing that I noticed in almost a political experience.” every country I visited … is that the Brown, which took home the pursuit of whiteness, the pursuit of prestigious Shaughnessy Cohen Prize lighter skin, is so pervasive among (and the $25,000 cheque that comes brown communities. The gradation with it) at the May 10 Politics and of community among skin tones was the Pen Gala in Ottawa, is at once prevalent almost everywhere I went. alarming and uplifting. It includes “That really took me by surprise healthy doses of humour, as well as because in places like Qatar, Sri stark examples of some of humanity’s Lanka and Trinidad, society is almost shortcomings. organized along skin tones. You do For example, Al-Solaylee writes better in life if you happen to have a about walking his dog near his affluent lighter skin tone. People spend billions condo building in Toronto, only to of dollars—either through skin be stopped and asked for his business lightening creams or more invasive card by another resident who assumed surgical procedures like laser peeling (because of his brown skin, he and chemical peels—and that really presumes) that he was, professionally, took me by surprise; that people a dog walker. He also mentions the would be so, literally, uncomfortable in regular occurrence of being stopped the skin they’re in that they’re trying at the airport, exchanging knowing to change it.”

8 . Power & Influence Summer 2017

Test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:17 AM Top left, bottom left: Domestic workers from the Philippines take art classes in Hong Kong.

Bottom right: Phoenix, Arizona. A protest against a local police sheriff’s treatment of undocumented Mexicans. Photographs courtesy of Kamal Al-Solaylee “In an ideal world, I would write a book about technology or space, because that interests me on one level as well. But until that moment, I’m going to be writing about the people whose stories have not been told.”

— Kamal Al-Solaylee

“It would never have that personal belong to—whether it’s the gay community narrative that myself or another brown or the brown community or the Muslim person would bring into the story, because community—that still need to be told, and throughout the book I tried to mention my I have a responsibility to tell it. personal reactions. “In an ideal world, I would write a book “But, listen: I am an academic, and a about technology or space, because that You’ve won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for “Most of them work in 40-45 degree weather tenured professor at a university in Toronto. interests me on one level as well. But until Political Writing. Let’s say that all of Canada’s in the summer. They basically sacrifice their lives I have a lot of privilege, and was talking that moment, I’m going to be writing about parliamentarians were to sit down and read and their bodies in order to create a better world to a lot of people who wouldn’t even the people whose stories have not been your book. What is the primary message you for their children. And I think the same of the understand the idea of a sabbatical, and I told.” would hope policy influencers would take domestic workers from the Philippines here in was on sabbatical when I did this work, so from it? Hong Kong. The one thing that connects them I constantly brought into this book that I So, what’s next? “We are living in a global world where people and the construction workers in Qatar is that all am brown, but that doesn’t mean I have “I’m not blowing away my prize money are on the move constantly. People come in and they’re doing is trying to help their children go that much in common with the people I’m in Hong Kong, or anything! That money leave and come back. We have to have a different to better schools, and have better shots at life. writing about.” will actually go towards buying me a half- understanding of immigration, as a fact of our “I was really struck by the sacrifice of semester of unpaid leave to work on my modern world. parents for their children; it’s kind of a In the future, do you see yourself writing third book. “As situations in places like the Middle East universal story…I was really struck by how a book or working on a project that “I’m working on a third book—a non- deteriorate politically, and parts of South Asia, consistent that message was everywhere I went.” is very removed from what you know, fiction book—and have already started politically and environmentally, more and more or what your own experiences have developing it. It will take another five-to-six people are going to be on the move. I think Recently, there was a rather heated debate involved? months to develop, and a year from now, I politicians need to understand that and have a in Canadian media circles about cultural “I started journalism as an arts critic—I would like to go on half-sabbatical and do better strategy [other] than closing doors and appropriation. Do you think someone who is was the Globe’s theatre critic—so I wrote the bulk of it. saying who can come and who can’t come in. white or black could have written—or should a lot about middle-class white people and “I would also like to turn Brown And if you come in, what kind of values should have tried to write—this same book about the their problems, so I have done that as a into a TV documentary series, but that you have. All these conversations belong to an brown experience? critic for 10 years or more. world is such a bureaucratic and difficult earlier world.” “They would have just written a completely “But for books, I am the one who world to crack … I’m just starting to have different book. I wrote a book that starts with a always says that white writers always write conversations around it.” Did you have any emotional moments while very personal point of view, but there are books about the universal, and people of colour working on this book? written about global immigration by white write about the particular—and I do see Can you give us some hints about your “There were so many, but one thing was how scholars, and I actually think that if they’ve a problem with that, but I don’t think we next book? generous the Sri Lankan construction workers done the work and…they’ve shown that they live in a world where I can write about “All I can tell you is it will be partly set were in Qatar, to me, and how willing they were know the communities they’re talking about, I things that don’t affect me. There are a lot in the Middle East. The concept is still a to share their stories. don’t see why they couldn’t write that book. of stories from the communities that I little bit fragile.”

10 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 11 F eature-hill Flags the untold stories of the Parliament Hill flags Photograph courtesy of Bruce Schollie

From the cost of each Peace Tower flag ($150) to the current wait time to receive one from Public Services (69 years), we uncover some of the rituals, people, and symbolic meanings attached to the red and white Maple Leaf ensign.

By ChriSTOPHER Guly

ndrej Litvinjenko is a bright and ambitious lawyer-in-training who will be articling with a major global law firm in Ottawa later A this summer. He’s a recipient of a law degree from the University of Ottawa; a master’s degree in economic policy from the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs; a manager of policy and regulatory affairs at the Canadian Space Commerce Association; and his paper on the legality of space mining was published last year by Princeton University’s Journal of Public and International Affairs. In other words, 27-year-old Litvinjenko has future Member of Parliament written all over him.

12 . Power & Influence Summer 2017

test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:45 AM F eature-hill flags hill flags-feature

Bruce Schollie and his son Evan hold their Peace Tower flag. Photograph courtesy of Bruce Schollie In that cubbyhole, Litvinjenko saw fall on a hiking trip with a group of Scouts, “hundreds of signatures” written with a and will bring it with him on similar black permanent marker on the walls, excursions in the future. where he added his own imprint: “Andrej “I don’t want to fly it all the time in 2015.” case it gets damaged or stolen,” Schollie That once-in-a-lifetime experience will explains. “It’s now in the category of family one day be matched when Litvinjenko gets heirlooms.” his own Peace Tower flag. The treasured flag “feels like you’ve got Bruce Schollie already has his. a piece of the country that’s wrapped up The 54-year-old Red Deer, Alberta in patriotism and citizenship and honour,” market researcher was “blown away” when, says Schollie. in 2005, he heard that Public Services was That sentiment is echoed by the man giving away flags that have flown above the whose job it is to raise the flag on weekday Peace Tower, as well as over both the West mornings above the Peace Tower. Block and the East Block. Robert Labonté has been Parliament “I thought it was a neat idea, and getting Hill’s flag master since November 2010. a flag would be a really cool souvenir and The 34-year-old native of the northeastern a bit of history to have in our possession,” Ontario community of New Liskeard says Schollie. makes the daily climb—ideally before 9 So, he applied for a Peace Tower flag for a.m.—to the top of the tower to change the It would be really his family and was told he would have to flag as part of his duties as supervisor of wait 11 years to receive one. building operations and maintenance with cool to have a Schollie wasn’t discouraged. If the flag Public Services. delivery was on-schedule, it would coincide Labonté follows a routine, as he flag from the with his son Evan’s high school graduation. detailed to the Ottawa Citizen in a 2015 On April 4, 2016, Schollie received an interview. He fist-bumps the two stone Peace Tower email from Public Services informing him lions—whom he has named Richard, for that a Peace Tower flag would soon be Richard the Lionheart, and William, after because of its heading his way. his son—that guard the entrance to the The flag, which flew above the tower on Peace Tower in the third-floor rotunda. back-story: that May 11, 2016, came with a serial number, One (William) gets a power five on the and arrived via regular mail in-time for his way up to change the flag; the other gets on one day in son’s graduation ceremony in late May. the fist-bump as Labonté descends the In terms of timing, it is quite possible “It would be really cool to have a flag from When they arrived at the elevator to Similar to Litvinjenko’s plan, tower, singing a bilingual version of the time, it was he could find himself sitting in the House the Peace Tower because of its back-story that take them to the observation deck of the Schollie only occasionally displays the national anthem along the way. of Commons before he receives a flag on one day in time it was flown on Parliament Peace Tower, the door that leads to the parliamentary Maple Leaf, which usually Labonté, who, with his father, painted flown on that flew on the Peace Tower, which he Hill in our capital,” says Litvinjenko. 141 stairs that ascend to the tower’s top sits, carefully folded, in a bedroom closet. his childhood bedroom the red-and-white requested by email on Feb. 21, 2014. His back-story is no less intriguing. opened, and a “mechanic whose name Schollie, who is actively involved with colours of the flag, views the Maple Leaf as Parliament Hill. Public Services and Procurement Born in Belgrade, Litvinjenko fled was Tom stepped out,” recalls Litvinjenko, Scouts Canada, took the flag with him last representing “who we are” as Canadians. Canada, which runs the program that Serbia with his parents and younger referring to the previous flag master, Tom “It means good, it means humble, it donates Parliament Hill flags to Canadian brother following the bloody breakup of Sutton, who has stayed-on to assist in daily means caring and helping others,” he says. residents (only one per household), Yugoslavia and arrived in Canada in late operations. “I just get this sense of pride every time I informed Litvinjenko to expect his flag in 1995. Four years later, in the spring of 2000, “He asked us, in a very casual way, if we see it. It’s magical.” about 38 years, or 2052, the year he will the Litvinjenkos received their Canadian wanted to change the flag, and we said, ‘Oh, Jean Chrétien’s Liberal government turn 62. citizenship and a Canadian flag to mark the absolutely!’” revised the Peace Tower flag-changing The estimated wait time for a Peace occasion, which is now draped across the All three climbed the stairs with the policy from weekly to every working day, Tower flag is now 69 years. wall of the walk-in closet in Litvinjenko’s flag, passing by pipes and plywood and and the Maple Leaf may be replaced more Litvinjenko isn’t bothered by the delay, Byward Market condo. the back of the Peace Tower clock, until than once in a day if it needs to be lowered or that he is one of 13, 698 names on the “It’s like a family relic,” he says, adding they arrived at the summit and opened the to half-mast as it has 108 times since waiting list as of May 6, despite having that his favourite day of the year is Canada’s hatch. Labonté became flag master. already decided what to do with the July 1 birthday, and he says he greatly “It’s a small space, about a couple of When the Queen or the Governor massive 2.3 metre by 4.6 metre (7.5 feet by admires the Maple Leaf, which to him square feet around, with no platform General visits Parliament Hill, their flags 15 feet) flag once it arrives. means “openness and opportunity, and a to stand on or railing to hold onto, and are flown above the Peace Tower. “In the future, when I have a big connection to [his] identity as a Canadian.” you can only stick your torso out,” says Labonté tell P&I that he treats every flag enough piece of land on which I can place He’s also gone to great heights—literally— Litvinjenko. “There’s nothing to hold onto, with great respect; he never lets one touch a proper pole [with a height of between to put his affection for the flag on display. so if you’re outside standing and the wind the ground. Each flag has a serial number 11 and 15 meters] I’d fly it on special In the spring of 2015, while working as a blows, you’re a goner.” and is signed out every time Labonté takes occasions, like Canada Day,” he says, parliamentary assistant for now-former Ontario As it turned out, he and his guest one from the sub-basement of the Centre adding that he would also have a regular Conservative MP Jay Aspin, Litvinjenko took a weren’t the only ones to get to the very top Litvinjenko raising the flag on top of the Block, where some 300 flags are stored at flag flying all the time. constituent on a tour of Parliament Hill. of Centre Block. Peace Tower. Photograph courtesy of Litvinjenko any time.

14 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 15 F eature-hill flags BUILDING SHIPS BUILDING SHIPS “I don’t want to fly it all the time in case it IN CANADA gets damaged or stolen … It’s now in the IN CANADA category of family heirlooms.” BY CANADIANS — Bruce Schollie BY CANADIANS

Quebec City flag manufacturer only two of the 876 Maple Leafs Labonté has design experts building on an idea first L’étendard supplies Parliament Hill with the raised have been damaged, which happened proposed decades earlier, according to Maple Leaf flags. when they got caught on one of the four Harper. Each one costs $150 and during the lightning rods at the top of the tower. “The first suggestion that the Canadian 2016-17 fiscal year 264 new flags were used And while Labonté says he feels truly flag should be a single red maple leaf in (at a total cost of $39,600) above the Peace “privileged” to be responsible for the task, a white field with two red borders came Tower, as well for the East Block and West there have been difficult moments, too. from Major-General Eugene Fiset [a future Block, and on a “courtesy pole” situated One of the hardest times for Labonté lieutenant governor of Quebec] in 1919,” between the Centre and East Blocks. was lowering the flag to half-mast after the says Harper, a 62-year-old, self-described Those three flags are only changed Oct. 22, 2014 shootings on Parliament Hill, “flag nerd” who claims to have pored over weekly, and the one on the courtesy pole is as well as on the night of the Nov. 13, 2015 more than 40,000 documents to discover replaced on Victoria Day, when the Union terrorist attacks on Paris, when he had to the origin of the iconic design. Jack is flown, as well as when a head of state leave the National Arts Centre, where he “George Stanley’s idea was like 2,940 comes to Parliament Hill and the flag of was attending a Bobby Bazini concert, to other people who suggested a national flag that visitor’s country is raised. fulfill the solemn duty. with a maple leaf on it.” Canadian residents can also request the The happiest times are, unsurprisingly, He explains that Matheson, who signed smaller, non-Peace Tower (1.35 metre by 2.7 on Canada Day when he hoists the flag the eBay-listed flag that flew above the metre, or 4.5 feet by 9 feet) flags, which have up the Peace Tower and remains on the Peace Tower in 2012 just months before his a relatively shorter wait time of 56 years. Hill all day and into the night to catch the death, wanted him to tell the “true story” That list features 11,064 names, as of May 6. fireworks display. about the flag’s origin. But despite his close relationship with Harper says the $80,000 price tag for the flags, he cannot simply take one for his the flag will help him do that. Aylmer home in Gatineau and must wait, The non-profit Canadian Flag Education like everyone else, for a Parliament Hill flag. Centre that he and his wife, Susan, “I put my name on the list in 2011 when established in 2010—and contributed the wait time was about 27 years,” he says. $165,000 of their own money towards—has Or, Labonté could get one sooner if he a minivan called the “Flag Mobile” that had $80,000 to spare. That’s the price of a they take to community events to provide John Ross Matheson-signed Maple Leaf information about the flag. The couple hopes A Canadian flag signed by John Ross Flag listed on eBay. to expand their reach into schools, and use Matheson, one of the flag’s ‘fathers’. the money received for the flag to fund this Photograph courtesy of Bob Harper The flag belongs to Bob Harper, who runs the Canadian Flag Education Centre outreach over the next four or five years. Public Services’ Gatineau office is tasked in Brockville, Ont., which he considers to “We are negotiating with the Ontario with sending the flags to Canadians, along be the birthplace of the Maple Leaf ensign. Ministry of Education to have the flag with a certificate, signed by the minister, Harper credits Matheson, a Liberal MP story included in the Grade 10 curriculum, indicating on which day the flags were from 1961 to 1968, for the then-federal which we would help write,” says Harper, flown on the Hill—but Labonté is the man Ontario riding of Leeds, as the “father” of who has his own Matheson-signed flag who raises them, despite his fear of high what became Canada’s flag in 1965. from Parliament Hill. altitudes. Although George Stanley, a historian “John signed it in 2008, and I got it from “I don’t like heights,” he laughs. “You get a who served as the first dean of arts at the my MP [Conservative Gord Brown, who little lightheaded if you look up at the top and Royal Military College is widely considered represents Matheson’s reconfigured riding CONSTRUCTION WELL UNDERWAY it’s windy and the flagpole is moving. It gives the man who proposed the red-and-white of Leeds-Grenville-Thousand Island Rideau CONSTRUCTION WELL UNDERWAY you the impression that you’re moving. But maple leaf design, Matheson, whom Liberal Lakes in the House] and it’s either from the ON OFSV PROGRAM after the first couple of times, I got used to it.” Prime Minister Lester Pearson entrusted East Block or the West Block. But we keep it ON OFSV PROGRAM The Peace Tower flags weather the to bring Canada’s national flag to fruition, in a safety-deposit box because it’s made of Great progress is being achieved on all three elements well. Over the past seven years, was the one that assembled a team of seven cloth and could get damaged.” GreatOFSVs progress for the isCanadian being achieved Coast Guard, on all with three the www.seaspan.com . 16 Power & Influence Summer 2017 OFSVslaunch for of the OFSV Canadian #1 slated Coast before Guard, the end with of 2017.the www.seaspan.com launch of OFSV #1 slated before the end of 2017.

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DOC: 17_5836 PROJECT: 2017 NSS AD CAMPAIGN SIZE: Bleed: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DATE: May 4, 2017 FILE NAME: 17_5836_Progress_Print_P1 Trim: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DESIGNER: BD CLIENT: SEASPAN Viewable: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DOC:DEADLINE: 17_5836 June 1, 2017 PROJECT:CONTACT: 2017 JEFF NSSTAYLOR AD /CAMPAIGN KELLY FRANCIS REVISION:SIZE: P1 Bleed: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DATE:AGENCY: May 604-974-9939 4, 2017 FILEPUB: NAME: 17_5836_Progress_Print_P1 Hill Times MEDIA: Print Trim: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DESIGNER:[email protected] BD CLIENT:PUB CONTACT: SEASPAN ______Viewable: 10 3/8“ x 13 1/2” DEADLINE: June 1, 2017 CONTACT: JEFF TAYLOR / KELLY FRANCIS REVISION: P1 AGENCY: 604-974-9939 PUB: Hill Times MEDIA: Print [email protected] PUB CONTACT: ______people-visual cv susan aglukark By katie schultz

ver the course of her career, three-time Governor General’s Performing Arts Award Juno award winning singer-songwriter for lifetime artistic achievement she has also O Photograph courtesy of Susan Aglukark Susan Aglukark has pushed the boundaries of launched a new charity and is gearing up for 2004 – ‘The third Juno I won—I was ready to contemporary pop, country, and traditional Inuit the release of a new album. Photograph courtesy of Susan Aglukark folk music, and at age 50, she’s not done yet. She recently led P&I on a reflection of her win it,’ The first Inuk artist to win a Juno and a career and her plans for the future. 1998 – The performance of a lifetime “The third Juno I won—I was ready to win it,” Aglukark tells P&I on her Over the span of her career, Aglukark has performed in front of Queen win for Aboriginal Album of the Year in 2004 for her 2003 album Big Elizabeth II, former prime ministers Jean Chrétien and Brian Mulroney, Feeling. She explains, “I was at a point where I loved the nomination, former governor general Adrienne Clarkson, and many others. because I felt as an artist I had finally reached that point where I had 1995 – ‘Falling in love with the possibility However, she says that as a preacher’s kid it was her 1998 worked really hard for it.” of being a legitimate songwriter’ performance in front of American Christian evangelist Billy Graham in This was an evolution for her, as for her previous two Juno wins in Ottawa that stands out the most to her. It was following the release of her 1995 11-track album, 1995, she says she felt the other nominees were more deserving of it “It was definitely a real highlight for me” she tells P&I. This Child, when she really felt that this could be an and had, in her view, “worked harder.” Aglukark then adds that the next-most memorable was Nelson actual career and not just a hobby. She’s received a number of other accolades and awards over her Mandela. She explains to P&I that she “was more or less 25-year career, including being appointed as an Officer of the Order “You really can’t top those two experiences.” doing day jobs during the writing and recording” of of Canada in 2004. Arctic Rose, and that she thought of it as an experience she could cross off her bucket list. “This Child, on the other hand, was a whole other level,” she says. It was during this period that Aglukark 2016 – Governor General’s Lifetime Artistic felt she was “falling in love with the possibility of being a Achievement Award legitimate songwriter” and the challenges that go with In 2016, Aglukark became the first Inuk person to receive the Governor it. It went on to sell more than 300,000 copies, and General’s Lifetime Artistic Achievement award. “When you have peers included the hit song O Siem. selecting you…those awards mean that much more to you,” she muses. After It was also in 1995 when she became the first Inuk winning the highest honour for performing arts in Canada, Aglukark says she’s singer-songwriter to win a Juno, for her earlier work, “kind of peaked” and asked herself “now what?” Arctic Rose. “Now we just keep getting better and…just enjoy what you’re doing,” she says. Despite these honours, Aglukark confesses that as “an accidental artist” she’ll always be a little in over her head, but that keeps her on her feet Photograph courtesy of Susan Aglukark creatively and she has to continue to push forward and keep learning. She adds, “when I started 25 years ago, aside from the fact that I met the Early 1990s – A series of ‘little happenstances’ kind of goals that I set for myself to get better, there’s always room to get better.” Aglukark says she felt her career started to take off in the early 1990s. At the time she was working in Ottawa as a translator for the federal government at the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs—now Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. After a series of “little happenstances,” she began to think more seriously about pursuing singing and songwriting as a career. While still working at Indian Affairs, Aglukark was contacted by a CBC North producer and was asked to submit a track for a compilation album of Arctic artists. “It was an opportunity and, in a kind of roundabout way, it was a dream come Photograph courtesy of Susan Aglukark true,” she says. It was in the same year, with the help of CBC Radio, she independently released 2017 – A new release and a new project her first album, Dreams for You, in 1990. Aglukark, who currently lives in Oakville, Ont., recently launched her Then, in 1992, backed by the EMI recording label, she released her second album charity—the Arctic Rose Foundation—and has hired her first Inuk Arctic Rose. The video for the song Searching won for best cinematography at the student intern. MuchMusic Video Awards. The foundation’s mandate is to create a safe emotional, physical “I think as a child my desire was to be an artist,” Aglukark says. and cultural art therapy space. She explains the foundation’s bigger As a young indigenous woman growing up in the Northwest Territories, she picture is to get young people into “safe enough situations” where explained that she was taught a lot of creative and artistic skills—including sewing, they’re comfortable and able to pursue their creative goals. beading, and other traditional arts—but being a musician was never something she This year will also see the release of a new album. “It’s a new considered pursuing as a dream. album where we’re collaborating with young Inuit artists and Aglukark tells P&I that as the daughter of a preacher there was an “expectation creating a [cultural] connections piece,” she says. The concept and technically requirement that you participate in church,”—which included singing in album will tell the story of the Inuit crossing the Bering Strait, the church’s choir and learning to play instruments. Photograph courtesy of Susan Aglukark Photograph courtesy of the Governor General’s Performing Arts Awards Aglukark adds, “It’s really all about who we were”.

18 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 19 F eature-space space-feature

World leaders in rocket

As the Canadian Space Agency science prepares to select the finalists from its latest astronaut recruitment campaign, Canada’s future in the space industry looks stronger than ever.

By Samantha Wright Allen

n the online video, rollicking waves bounce off the pool’s tall walls, forming even higher crests in the simulation test. A person bobs and struggles toward a life raft as intense music surges. IOttawa’s Jason Leuschen remembers watching the clip of an astronaut candidate’s struggle during the Canadian Space Agency’s 2009 call for its third-ever corps, and as a bad swimmer himself, thinking he’d need to ready himself for the test. But he still wasn’t prepared for the eight-metre plunge into the survival test when his turn came in the latest round in 2017. “When you’re underwater trying to hold your breath and still be cognitively functional, it’s a real conflict ‘cause your brain is trying to panic and get you to the surface to get [air] but the executive part is saying ‘No, you’ve got to stay down here and work on something and keep your wits about you,” says Leuschen, whose background as a pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force helped prepare him for some of the Canadian Space Agency’s (CSA) rigorous assessments, covering hand-eye coordination, problem solving, team tasks and rescues in fiery buildings.

Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 21 fe ature-space Celebrating Canada 150

Making a Global City How One Toronto School Embraced Diversity by Robert Vipond Making a Global City celebrates one of the world’s most multicultural cities and shows how education shapes citizenship and integrates immigrant children in liberal democracies.

“I thought I was heavily tested until the space agency got a hold of me,” Leuschen Celebrating Canada laughs as he speaks with P&I by phone Holidays, National Days, and the Crafting of from Portage la Prairie, Man., home to a Identities Canadian Forces training base. edited by Matthew Hayday and Raymond “They were [all] very complicated tasks, Blake so you didn’t really know what they were ‘This volume’s great achievement lies in its assessing you on.” breadth. It explores not one Canada, but The emergency training is just one of many… A fascinating study, full of the lives the many ways the selection committee Canadians and their Canadas have led and lead gauges resilience, assessing who can follow still.’ CANADA’S ODYSSEY Norman Hillmer, Carleton University in the space boots of Canadians who have A Country Based on Incomplete Conquests historically punched above their weight to take leadership roles in orbit and on the by Peter H. Russell ground among much-larger American and Russian crews. Those inside the agency say In Canada’s Odyssey, renowned scholar Peter H. Canada is in good position to continue that Russell provides an expansive, accessible account The Centennial Cure legacy. of Canadian history from the pre-Confederation Commemoration, Identity, and Cultural Capital “We are world leaders right across the period to the present day. in Nova Scotia during Canada’s 1967 Centennial board,” says Chris Hadfield, the celebrity Celebrations ‘Lucid and lively, Canada’s Odyssey is both a joy astronaut who in 2013 captivated the by Meaghan Elizabeth Beaton to read and also a provocative story about a world as he documented celestial realities country that has been and continues to be an This book examines the intersection of as commander of the International Space unfinished project.’ state policy, cultural development, and Station (ISS), earning millions of eyes for his commemoration in Nova Scotia during Canada’s rendition of David Bowie’s Space Oddity. Charlotte Gray, author of 1967 centennial celebrations. “We continue to build the best of space,” The Promise of Canada: 150 Years - People and continues Hadfield in a phone interview, Ideas That Have Shaped Our Country “our hardware is orbiting other planets right now… Our people have been leaders in space exploration since the beginning.” Because of Canada’s small corps of 12 astronauts in its history – an amount in a three-decade span that NASA collects every two years – Hadfield says Canada is looking for the “complete skillset,”— someone who can represent the country in whatever role is needed in a rapidly Jason Leuschen participating in various aptitude tests. changing industry. Photographs courtesy of the Canadian Space Agency utppublishing.com

22 . Power & Influence Summer 2017

test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:44 AM fe ature-space space-feature

“Fortunately, we have an embarrassment comfortable, what are they really like?” in space with the launch of the satellite of riches in Canada,” says Hadfield. Hansen was picked with David Saint- Alouette 1 in 1962, behind the Soviet The 39-year-old Leuschen was among Jacques in 2009 out of a record 5,351 Union and United States. the 3,772 people who responded to applicants. They became Canada’s only With robotics technology that literally Canada’s fourth-ever call for astronauts working astronauts in 2013 after Julie assembled the International Space Station, in summer 2016 and has survived to the Payette and Hadfield retired. But this nations turn to Canada for its expertise. penultimate stage that’s left 17 standing. summer that number will double. It means that all astronauts – either After four rounds of multi-day tests, soon “We’re not recruiting these astronauts international or domestic – are trained there will only be two left. because we have an exact mission for how to use the Canadian inventions at the While Canada has always looked for them to fly in space … but you have to country’s headquarters skirting Montreal, well-rounded candidates to fill its small have a vision of the future,” says Hansen where flight controllers guide about half of Canada is a roster, the 21st century brought a shift, by phone in Houston, Texas, noting it’ll the iconic Canadarm2’s operations from with more attention on high-pressure have taken two years to ready for the 2017 the ground. major player testing, pushing hopefuls past the point of class, pushing them through four selection mental and physical exhaustion – with the rounds, reams of testing – some of the ‘Epitome of innovation’ in the modern demands of space walking in mind and details secret – and will take another couple An image of the International Space longer half-year missions. In a 2009 six- years to complete basic training. Station is on one wall at the CSA’s nerve way to think month stint, Robert Thirsk became the first While the name of Canada’s top centre in suburban Montreal, the scale of it Canadian to fly a long duration expedition, astronauts are synonymous with impossible to comprehend: a football field- of space. It’s then Hadfield after him. the country’s contributions to space sized mass of white metal, brighter in this “As a result we’ve really refined our exploration, it’s some of the early rendition than the many sparkling stars. part of our selection process,” says Hadfield, who just technological advancements that put At this scale, two fingers could cover finished hosting a BBC series on astronaut Canada on the cosmic map. Canada’s remarkable robotics that helped infrastructure.” selection, set to broadcast in the fall, Before there was a Marc Garneau construct the beacon of international which he hopes will demystify some of the (Canada’s first man to leave Earth for orbit), cooperation: the 17-metre robotic arm – David Saint-Jacques assumptions about the job. a Roberta Bondar (Canada’s first woman and Dextre, a smaller “robotic handyman” It used to be six-member crews sent to in space) or a Chris Hadfield (Canada’s that can attach to the end of Canadarm2, space, but that number has halved, creating first mission specialist and spaceship the mobile base or any other number of the need for a slightly different set of skills. commander)—before there was even an stations. Test pilots – Hadfield’s pedigree – are still astronaut program—Canada was at the A few steps away a dozen headshots needed for complex vehicle control, but the forefront of technological innovation. smile from the wall: Canada’s small fleet of ability to learn quickly is the prized quality. Canada became the third country astronauts who have made their mark on “That’s a different type of personality Like all Canadian, American, European and Japanese astronauts, Canadian Space Agency [needed now] perhaps,” he says. “You need (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen learns to operate Canadarm2 in the MSS Operations and someone who is very good on interpersonal Canadian Space Training System at CSA headquarters. Photograph courtesy of the Canadian Space Agency skills, who has a very, very broad skill Agency (CSA) base because you’re not just operating a astronaut David machine, you’re running 200 scientific Saint-Jacques. Photograph courtesy experiences on behalf of researchers all of the Canadian around the world and you’re repairing an Space Agency immensely complex vehicle that weighs a million pounds and has been at sea since We’re not recruiting 1998.” As part of the CSA’s selection these astronauts committee, Jeremy Hansen says the goal is to see what happens when “it’s not fun because we have an anymore” and contestants are working hard, uncomfortable and at the end of exact mission for their rope – mentally exhausted, physically exhausted. them to fly in space … “Are you still a good team player?” asks Hansen, who will be training both but you have to have a CSA and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) newcomers in vision of the future.” Houston, Texas. “People can bring an outside veneer to –Jeremy Hansen an interview, to a process, where they have reserve, they have energy. But when you wear them down over a couple days and they have to give their all and they’re not

24 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 25 Advertising fe ature-space How you get Earth and in space since the first selection From the CSA’s darkened control room, “Canada is a major player in the in 1983. That year, in the final round, two John Bellingham watches four screens modern way to think of space. It’s part of of 20 candidates were women, and this year showing various angles on the ISS: crew our infrastructure.” there matters women make up five of the 17. members cleaning space suits, the tip of Government has bought into that According to 2014 data, about 90 per Canadarm2, Earth. Bellingham drives both vision, says CSA’s president, who pointed Today, more than ever, Canadians der Canadians continue to choose their cent of the CSA’s 670 employees work Canadarm2 and Dextre, part of the effort to Innovation Minister Navdeep Bains’ are looking for safer, greener and more cars for shorter trips within the Québec from its Saint Hubert, Que.-based John that increasingly reduces how much crews assertion that the country’s space program accessible ways to get where they’re City–Windsor corridor. This partly explains going. In short, they’re looking for a the steady increase in road congestion, H. Chapman Space Centre, a cohort that use robotics. represents the “epitome of innovation.” smarter way to travel—and VIA Rail’s the resulting growth in travellers’ carbon The High Frequency Rail project tial to reduce vehicule-related production Hadfield says fills just one of NASA’s many “The real goal of the station is science. “Wow. [That sentence] positions space steadily increasing ridership over the footprint, and the lost economic productiv- will provide improved scheduling, more of greenhouse gas emissions by up to buildings in Houston. We can’t avoid some of the maintenance to the forefront of innovation,” says Sylvain past three years proves that Canadians ity of workers stranded in their cars during frequent service, shorter trip times, and more than 350,000 tons annually—the In a nearby room a life-sized tasks that are just required for life support,” Laporte, who speaks of other government are discovering to discover that taking ever-longer commutes. better on-time performance. It will be equivalent of removing over 3 million built for passenger requirements of speed cars from the road every year. engineering model shows how Canadarm2 says the flight controller and 15-year CSA signals from March’s budget release. “We the train is part of the solution. That is why VIA Rail is proposing to At VIA Rail, we’re committed to the build a dedicated rail corridor for inter-city and comfort. New, dedicated tracks for And the benefits don’t stop at our was folded for flight before Hadfield’s veteran, adding Dextre recently fixed an have a really great opportunity to make future and we’ve challenged ourselves passenger service between Toronto and high frequency rail will cut travel times by passengers. VIA Rail’s High Frequency Rail second mission in 2001. During the 11- important exterior power switch, avoiding sure that space is integral to Canada’s and, Canadians to not only question our Québec City. This would leverage the invest- a quarter and allow us to offer improved project will generate economic growth, day endeavour, Hadfield used the first an exhausting and dangerous space walk. innovative programs and moving forward habits, but to change them by leaving ment it will eventually have to make in a scheduling and service tailored to meet create around thousands of full-time jobs the needs of communities along the way. and increase property values and develop- Canadarm – small enough to be taken back “[It’s] time consuming if you track the to breaking new grounds, disruptive our cars at home and taking the train. new Corridor fleet to replace one of the We understand that this is no small oldest passenger fleets in North America. From Toronto to Ottawa in only 3 hours. ment in the communities we serve. to Earth and refurbished – to install the hours it takes to get the suits ready, rehearse technology surrounding innovation.” task. So, to help Canadians change their Designed to meet the growing demand for From Toronto to Montreal in only 4. From Over the past three years, the changes new structure and thus became the first the tasks to execute, to recover afterwards In April, the month after the federal habits, we’ve strengthened our com- fully accessible, sustainable, dependable, Ottawa to Montreal in 1.5. VIA Rail has made have prompted more Canadian to spacewalk, spending 14 hours, and one hour of their time is extremely government promised $80.9-million over mitment to putting travellers first and and cost-effective transportation in Canada, For communities who already enjoy people to take the train, more often as they 54 minutes outside on two walks, travelling [valuable]—it’s years of my salary,” says five years to the space program, Bains’ providing them with a reliable, comfort- this project—which we call the “High Fre- VIA Rail service, such as Drummondville experience its true value and benefits.Recog- and Kingston, the High Frequency Rail nizing that it’s not only the smarter way, but 10 times around the world. Bellingham, explaining that Canadarm2 department articulated its plan to support able and convenient travel experience. quency Rail” project —will transform VIA Historically, in North America, pas- Rail into into a modern and commercially project means improved service adapted also the more accessible, environmentally two projects: a radar instrument that could senger trains have run on mostly on track successful national passenger rail service. to the needs of these communities— responsible, safer and affordable way. be used to study Mars’ surface and another infrastructure designed for slow and heavy It will make home ownership possible for more morning and evening frequencies The 150th anniversary of confeder- using quantum technology. freight operations. Running in such an young families by extending the commuting to and from major centres such as ation reminds us of the railroad’s instru- Canada is in the midst of a developing environment, passenger service providers distances from metropolitan areas beyond Toronto, Montréal, and Ottawa. mental role in the establish of Canada—it like VIA Rail cannot guarantee the on-time 50 km. It will support regional development The improved frequencies and service is the band of steel that united us in 1867. a new space strategy, with Bains renewing performance of their trains. Moreover, by providing a reliable transportation provided by the High Frequency Rail proj- VIA Rail’s High Frequency Rail project the space advisory board in April with a adding frequencies can also be difficult in service between metropolitan areas and ect will triple VIA Rail ridership by 2030. renews this bond for the 21st century and summer deadline for the vision. Pointing areas with highPDF/X-1a:2003 mixed rail traffic. No won- the communities in between. This increase in ridership has the poten- a new generation of Canadians. to $5.38-billion in revenue in 2014, the government says the space sector plays an important role in the economy, including the investment of $146-million into research that same year. Laporte declined to comment on where he sees Canada’s future role until the strategy is announced, but says the candidates are a key part of the country’s space future. When they will go, what they will be researching, and what Canada’s role will be are all top of mind. “Those are all questions [we] eventually The Canadian Space Agency headquarters in Saint-Hubert, Quebec, were built in 1992. The need to answer but the first step at technical building’s design concept is inspired by the International Space Station and it was named in level is let’s get these expert rocket scientists to honour of John H. Chapman, the father of the Canadian Space Program. Photograph courtesy of WHY DON’T YOU figure out what this could look like before we the Canadian Space Agency can make any kind of serious considerations moving forward,” Laporte says. Those questions don’t need to be THINK OUTSIDE “Every module was built in a separate moves weekly and when the next SpaceX answered now, but Canada does need to be country, hurtled to space and then carefully Dragon comes – the free-flying private ready when the time comes, says Hansen, assembled by Canadarm over a decade,” spacecraft – with cargo and experiments, who is expected to complete his first THE CAR? explains Saint-Jacques by phone from his they’ll be working 16-hour days for two mission by 2024. office at NASA headquarters in Houston, weeks non-stop. “Canada could really continue to be a Texas. He is back briefly from Star City, “It really adds up. I’m not sure the significant player in space,” says Hansen, Russia, where he is training to be the next astronauts would have lot of time for pointing to recent robotic operations that When you choose Maximizes your Reduces your Better value Canadian astronaut to leave Earth. science if we hadn’t gradually increased the saved the space program “significant” VIA Rail for productivity carbon footprint for taxpayers Nearly 20 years later, Canadarm2 scope of what the ground does.” resources. “I think that is our legacy and it business travel, With Wi-Fi, power outlets, use Making the smart choice It’s good for your of your cellphone and comfy today helps contribute bottom line and is being used in ways engineers never That’s why it’s easy to trace how “every shows we have our niche areas and we have you unlock a lot seats—you might just like the to a greener tomorrow. Canada’s, too. would have dreamed. It catches all the important operation on board” now goes opportunities... Now, you don’t get anything of great benefits: train more than the office. cargo spacecraft bringing supplies and through Canadian robotics, says Saint- for free. You have to earn it, you have to experiments. Jacques. execute.” TMTrademark owned by VIA Rail Canada Inc. 26 . Power & Influence Summer 2017

2100, rue Drummond Cossette Montréal (Québec) H3G 1X1 12/06/17_13:52 Via.indd 1 17-06-15 9:59 AM client : VIA Rail Canada nº 111146783-1 format pap : 100 % @ 300 dpi description : Journal Nº VIA 6264-17 trim — : 6,875” x 4,875” publication : Power and Influence – EN ( Livraison 10 Juin ) safety - - - : — conseillère : Marine F. bleed — : — infographiste : Eric L. visible : — nom fichier : 111146783-1_VIA_6264-17_GovAd_Power-and-Influence-En-Rev2.indd

Check couleur : CMJN Les sorties laser ne reflètent pas fidèlement les couleurs telles qu’elles paraîtront List sur le produit fini. Cette épreuve est utilisée à des fins de mise en page seulement. Engaged and Ready Canadian flight controllers operate the Canadian robotic systems on the International Space Station from Mission Control at the CSA’s headquarters in Saint-Hubert, Quebec. Photograph courtesy of the Canadian Space Agency

After spending some time in the space healthy astronauts, looking at the reality in “If you’d caught someone halfway up industry, Hansen says it becomes clear it’s isolation. Mount Everest climbing to the summit, “changing drastically” and it “won’t wait” “Space is actually a very good he probably wouldn’t be smiling at that anymore. laboratory to study disease,” Saint-Jacques moment,” he jokes. “Maybe cursing a little “If you’re not competitive you just won’t says rather matter-of-factly of the risks and bit but of course privileged and happy be part of it. And we’re positioned to be about being used as a guinea pig. to be there and looking forward to the competitive but I do feel there’s a sense of “There’s huge efforts being put in accomplishment.” timeliness that’s really important for us to to minimize those impacts, so I’m not Like Hadfield, who calls the space think strategically.” blissfully ignorant,” he says. “It makes station “the ultimate international stage,” adventure even more worthwhile when you Saint-Jacques is proud of the “beautiful A major player in the know it has such direct impacts to general example” of country collaboration. space world medicine.” “It’s one of the few arenas where The day Saint-Jacques’ name was called With satellites ubiquitous in daily humans do really well at working together as co-pilot of the Soyuz spacecraft, his job life, Saint-Jacques says many don’t realize towards a common goal, setting differences changed to focus entirely on preparation Canada’s early and continued contributions aside, focusing on what we all share,” for the fall 2018 flight. So far, his career make it “a major player” in the modern says Saint-Jacques. “This is one of the has been spent supporting other people’s space world. few genuinely supranational endeavors Canadians are active and engaged missions, but now he’ll need to spend a While Canada has long since left so it kind of bodes well for the future of year learning how to fly the Russian carrier, telecommunications to industry, it’s m an k i n d .” in our uncertain world. currently the only active rocket. On top of still pushing ground in that regard with For Hadfield, the question for Canada that, he faces advanced training spacewalk RADARSAT, an Earth observation satellite as a key player is: what next? As a Canadian company, we actively support the techniques and preparation for robotics that can capture images through cloud “What decisions should we be operations and the scientific experiments and smoke. Next year, Canada will launch making now? And what should women and men of the Canadian Armed Forces he will be conducting during the six-month its “constellation,” a collection of three our priorities be? And what are the by anticipating, innovating and investing in mission. satellites angled so that they can cover challenges that are facing us now as As a former physician in Nunavik, Que. 90 per cent of the world’s surface every opposed to facing Canada 50 years ago platform solutions. and biomedical engineer, Saint-Jacques says day. It will improve the image resolution, or 150 years ago?” he’s looking forward to the health science frequency and quality of Earth observation. When Hadfield looks back at Canada’s We deliver capability, technology and well-paying jobs. focus of their research. In Hadfield’s autobiography An contributions, it’s easy to try and draw “It’s easy for me to foresee all the Astronaut’s Guide to Life, he recalls progress as a straight line. impacts on the ground of all that research,” dreaming of becoming an astronaut as a “But of course it isn’t. It’s always We are engaged and ready. Innovation is in our DNA. he explains, referring to remote-care boy, but having no national program to fits and starts… and every successive research, vaccines and disease. aspire to. Canada’s 17 hopefuls tell similar government has to rethink what the “There’s usually a very direct childhood stories of looking skyward in the previous governments have committed to,” relationship between problems that afflict black of night and dreaming of, one day, says Hadfield, who hopes to see a sustained astronauts in orbit and some real disease gazing back down upon Earth from among commitment to research – and Canadians that afflicts everybody on the ground.” the stars. – in space. “It’s normal human behaviour Bones, for example, get weak when Even though Saint-Jacques is less than and politics and funding, but we’ve done not used in orbit – a similar progression two years from that exceptional experience, a really commendable job since 1962 of experienced with osteoporosis in old age. shared by fewer than 600 people, he’s got building on expertise with a very small It becomes easier to study on otherwise his mind on the grind of getting ready. group of people.”

28 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 www.gdlscanada.com

Test.indd6250 GDLS 1 150 Ad Pwr-Influence-Final.indd 1 2017-06-1317-06-13 10:41 2:57 AMPM Client: GDLS Publication: Power and Infl uence Agency: ON Communication Inc Project: LAV CSV-A & MR Ad Size: 7.25" x 10.125" Agency Contact: Jen Grozelle Date: June 2017 Bleed: 0.125" Telephone: 519-434-1365 xt 220 Designer: NR Colour: CMYK Email: [email protected] F eature-Trudeau at 150

Is it too soon to talk about Trudeau’s legacy?

Why do insiders and experts predict some of this government’s forward-thinking policies will stick? Because any change would be ‘backwards movement.’

B y Rachel Aiello

aby Justin Trudeau was born May 4, 2017 in Calgary, Alta. His life, and the lives of the handful of other baby Justin Trudeaus—including one girl, Justine, born in a small Quebec city—could be markedly different as a result Bof some major social policy shifts and leadership decisions made by the Justin Trudeau who was born December 25, 1971 in Ottawa. Justin Trudeau Adam Bilan’s (Justin Trudeau is his first name) parents Afraa and Muhammad Bilan, and his two older siblings arrived in Canada from Damascus, Syria on February 5, 2016 as part of the now more than 40,000 Syrian refugees the federal Liberals brought in shortly after forming government. “Nobody before him did what the prime minister did with refugees,” says Afraa Bilan in an interview with P&I from her home in Calgary. Bilan thinks that will be something Trudeau will be remembered for. That’s why her husband had the idea, shortly after arriving in their new country, to name their new baby after the prime minister. Photograph courtesy of Adam Scotti fe ature-trudeau at 150 trudeau at 150-feature

“I was very happy,” Bilan, who 2017 looks nothing like Canada A ‘feminist’ is learning to play the violin, says. even 50 years ago, much less at government with “Because it’s a nice name and we Confederation. It’s not onward focus on diversity thought it would be a small thank and upward, and no barriers to When Trudeau came to power and you for Justin Trudeau the prime progress, it’s more jagged by far, ups walked up the driveway at Rideau Hall with minister because he brings lots of and downs, but we are definitely 15 men and 15 women—the Liberal MPs refugees and he is the reason I am doing better in regard to social who would comprise his first ministerial and my family are in Canada.” policy that applies and really affects roster—and made the now infamous and She hopes for a better life people’s lives in a positive way than overused declaration “because it’s 2015,” for her son, the family’s first we have ever done.” people took notice. Canadian citizen, who, at Comacchio, who focuses on the “That will be remembered in 150 the time of the interview, history of childhood and families, years… and it has ripple effects already,” is a 14-day-old who says historically, in Canada, change Azzi tells P&I, noting that while it’s largely sleeps a lot and cries just starts on a societal level and then seen as symbolic, “it’s changed the way a little bit. the government responds, which gender issues are addressed in Ottawa.” For Canada’s has become more progressive When the new French President th 150 year, P&I spoke generally over time given it’s Emmanuel Macron unveiled his own parity with Liberal insiders, not entirely run by white men cabinet, it was called “pulling a Trudeau.” politicos, and policy anymore. “Who wants to be the prime minister experts to consider Patrice Dutil, professor in that walks that back?” says Smith. how Canada could the Department of Politics and Since then, the government’s taken look markedly different Public Administration at Ryerson further steps to implement gender-based in 2167 as a result of University and author of a new analysis on federal policy, including some policy changes the book on prime ministerial power the 2017 budget; have made diversity current prime minister is in Canada, tells P&I that often and inclusion part of bureaucracy-wide undertaking. policy at its base remains relatively appointments processes; is currently “You have to be swimming unchanged over administrations, testing a name-blind hiring practice in with the tide of history,” in order but are “conjugated with a different six federal departments; and Minister for Baby Justin Trudeau Adam Bilan. for a policy to withstand the test of spin,” and the policies that are most P&I photograph courtesy of Afraa Bilan Status of Women Maryam Monsef has been time and stay relatively unchanged likely to have staying power are the mandated to work on a gender violence over the course of subsequent ones that take a sharp turn away strategy and pay equity legislation. administrations, says Stephen Azzi, from the status quo. Nancy Peckford, executive director of associate professor of political “We’re not a country that Equal Voice Canada, says while the impact management at Carleton University. changes direction a lot… the path of some of this change will take time before In short, no one thinks It has to be things that can’t be is remarkably resilient,” says Dutil. being known, there are early indicators of immediately repealed, and the In short, no one thinks for success, like having more women around for certain that in 150 timing has to be right, he says. certain that in 150 years the the key decision-making table, and having Historic examples of lasting current shift in social policy more Canadians see themselves reflected at years the current shift policies Azzi cites include the will have direct lineage to any the top levels of politics and public policy. in social policy will major change Trudeau’s father, one prime minister’s decisions, “That emphasis absolutely matters Pierre Elliott Trudeau, made and legacies can rarely be seen and will shift the kinds of discussions have direct lineage during his time as prime minister: until the dust settles, but people and dialogues and some of the decision to any one prime establishing the Canadian Charter interviewed for this piece say there making,” says Peckford. of Rights and Freedoms. are a few policy areas the Trudeau However, women’s rights observers are minister’s decisions, “I think it has to be dramatic, it government could be looking at in still waiting to see the federal government and legacies can rarely has to be something noticeable, so terms of its legacy. provide Monsef’s department more things like tax cuts aren’t the sorts As Susan Smith, Bluesky funding, to step up in a concrete way be seen until the dust of things that get remembered. Strategies’ principal puts it, these globally on women’s rights. And, according settles, but people Big measures—building a railway, are policies that have caused a to analysis done by Equal Voice and Abacus creating a charter of rights—those societal shift, and that’s hard to go Data, without further steps to prioritize interviewed for this are the things that tend to be back on. getting more women to enter politics, it piece say there are a remembered. It has to be big and “There’s been a shift in people’s could take 20 election cycles – or 90 years dramatic instead of tinkering at the brains about it… and their – before the House of Commons reaches few policy areas the edges, and it has to be something behaviours are in the process of gender parity. that lasts,” says Azzi. shifting, and that’s all forward “It’s been a really good start,” Peckford Trudeau government Though as Wilfred Laurier movement. Therefore, I believe tells P&I, noting that now the hard part could be looking at in University history professor and those policies will stick because of governing comes: figuring out how author Cynthia Comacchio tells any change [would be] backwards to solidify that change. She says the terms of its legacy. P&I, “these things are very, very movement. The genie’s out of the government would be wise to think about Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in Ottawa, February 2017. P&I photograph by Jake Wright slow moving, and Canada in bottle with all of them,” she says. institutionalizing its work around gender- 32 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 33 fe ature-trudeau at 150

Trudeau at Canada Day on the Hill, 2016. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia

based analysis to guarantee better policy then people who voted for them and people outcomes going forward, and said there’s an who thought this way anyway are more argument to be made for the appointment encouraged to take it up, and maybe those of an official commissioner for gender It has to be big who were on the fence are also, they’re equality. going to feel the pressure—institutions, “There’s a lot to do… there’s a lot corporations— are going to feel the of enthusiasm but also anxiety among and dramatic pressure to diversify,” says Comacchio. equality-seeking groups… who are not quite sure how the yardstick will advance. instead of Opening the doors to They understand that the government is Syrian refugees being very ambitious about wanting to tinkering at The Liberals’ move to bring in over move the yardstick forward, but the actual 40,000 Syrian refugees (25,000 within its mechanics of that in terms of both fiscal the edges, and first few months as a government) has been expenditures and policy reform are not pointed to numerous times as one of the always moving at the pace that external it has to be most memorable moves this government groups would like,” says Peckford. has made so far, with impacts both within Azzi also noted that the forthcoming something Canada and abroad. federal apology to Canadians who were “It has reemphasized the priority persecuted by the government in the past that lasts.” Canada traditionally had of accepting because of their sexuality, and enshrining refugees,” says former director general the rights of transgender people in law – Stephen Azzi, of the citizenship and immigration “will stand up well” over time, similar to Carleton University department Andrew Griffith. other formal apologies by previous prime “I think it’s a real legacy… both in terms Celebrating 95 years ministers. professor of the political symbolism and messaging, Comacchio said it is about kick-starting but also my sense from the department public acceptance and if it continues, it is they learned how to do things slightly could make a real difference in the lives of differently and that’s probably a really valid the next generation of Canadians. thing to learn,” he says. www.hubertsfireplaces.com | huberts [email protected] | 613.728.3786 “If our elected government is putting Though society often takes its signals on an important example in this manner, from what the government sets as its

34 . Power & Influence Summer 2017

OM_HubertsHeating_Summer17_FP.indd 1 2017-05-16 1:08 PM HubertsFireplace.indd 1 17-06-15 11:12 AM fe ature-trudeau at 150 trudeau at 150-feature

priorities, and in this case emboldens production, distribution, possession, safety relationship with First Nations, Inuit and many to step up, it’s not something the standards and sale of marijuana that would Métis people, including implementing the government should be too “smug” about its allow adults in Canada to legally possess Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s immigration acumen when compared to and use small amounts of recreational recommendations; launching a national the levels of refugee intake by other nations, marijuana from licensed providers. Bill inquiry into the hundreds of missing and In a political file like says Earnscliffe principal and former Liberal C-46 addresses the impaired driving aspect murdered indigenous women and girls; policy adviser André Albinati. of having a new legalized intoxicant and and adequately funding First Nations’ immigration… if you Insiders say it speaks to the broader how that will be policed. healthcare, housing, and education, among narrative of Canadian exceptionalism “It’s a seismic shift in our society. For other efforts. get five years of your that Trudeau and his team are pushing so long we’ve had prohibition—since the So far, the national inquiry is underway internationally, and recasts light on Canada 1920s—and the government’s objective, I but with considerable discontent amongst being a place aid groups are looking to as think, with the support of most Canadians, some families; the government is working policy sticking, that’s a new leader in international development is to now no longer have prohibition,” NDP on addressing the TRC recommendations, assistance. The follow-through on both is House Leader Murray Rankin told The Hill but in an arguably piecemeal way; and somewhat significant.” still yet to be fully demonstrated, as is what Times in May. despite pledges for proportional funding the government will do about the refugees A number of the sources spoken to on and $3.4-billion being earmarked in – Andrew Griffith, from places other than Syria, whom the this acknowledged that Trudeau’s election immigration expert opposition say have taken a backseat. campaign promise likely helped the Liberal “In a political file like immigration… if Party’s youth vote, but it won’t come you get five years of your policy sticking, without “growing pains,” as Smith puts it. that’s somewhat significant,” says Griffith. Once the legislation passes, which the Under the current immigration levels, government made steady progress on in by 2036, half of the country’s population the spring sitting of Parliament, the big will be immigrants or children of questions are answered in the regulations, immigrants. In order to really stitch a new and there’s a system in place, it won’t be pattern into the country’s social fabric or too long before there will be children who to accelerate that rate of change, Trudeau grow-up never having known it to be would have to up immigration levels criminalized. considerably higher than the current level. But in order to get there, to normalize There are people close to the government and break down the stigma and fear still who have been making pitches for that, attached to marijuana and those who use including the Dominic Barton-chaired it, education around usage will play a big Advisory Council on Economic Growth, role, says Navigator Ltd.’s Will Stewart, which called for a 50 per cent increase to who represents a number of clients in the 450,000 people a year. cannabis industry. This considered, Comacchio says “If people are properly educated and “whatever the initial challenges—and don’t have bad experiences, I think that we there are always challenges—the evidence will look back on it and say ‘why was there for their continued Canadian support is such a big deal around this?’” he tells P&I. historical, and will have a positive impact His shop’s latest public opinion polling for generations to come.” shows that for those with an opinion on recreational marijuana, Canadians marijuana policy a are split down the middle on accepting Trudeau with Indigenous and Northern ‘seismic shift ‘ legalized marijuana, but approval is Affairs Minister Carolyn Bennett and Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould. It has been called a “seismic shift” in growing and is already strong with younger the latest budget through to 2020 for P&I photograph by Jake Wright Canadian society and public policy. The people. Stewart says the come around health, training, clean water and jobs, government, by getting taking cues from will continue, and is being helped by the the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal evolving public opinion on legalizing government moving on it, similar to other ruled in May that the Liberals are still marijuana in Canada, has the potential—if big social policy shifts in the country’s not complying with the required level of it’s implemented correctly—to go down in political past, the most recent example response to the health-care needs of First the history books as the ones that raised being medically-assisted dying. Nations children. pot from the underground and made it as “I think a lot more needs to be done commonplace as craft beer. Indigenous peoples before that’ll become a defining issue of On April 13, the government and reconciliation this government,” says Azzi. introduced the two pieces of legislation Another area highlighted by many However, some Liberal insiders say the in its effort to legalize marijuana. Justice people P&I spoke with is the ongoing government being vocal about respecting Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould tabled process in establishing a new nation-to- indigenous people in Canada has raised Trudeau and Minister of Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Ahmed Hussen. both bills. nation relationship between indigenous social consciousness around respecting P&I photograph by Jake Wright Bill C-45, known as the Cannabis Act, people and the federal government. When and celebrating indigenous culture in creates a legal framework controlling the he came to power, Trudeau promised the Canada.

36 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 37 fe ature-trudeau at 150 trudeau at 150-feature

“Don’t underestimate the importance considerably down the line if the systems ‘What will be a signature approach?’ P&I photograph by Jake Wright of how, for a federal government, if they’re putting in place to support they use language, if they talk about more infrastructure development and All this considered, it’s unlikely that after two years in power, Trudeau The thinking of something being important and what innovation jobs are kept up by succeeding and his team are thinking about his prime ministerial legacy, sources for their expectations are for the institutions governments. this story said, but it will have to be considered by the next federal election. legacies tends to come within and around government as needing Smith notes that there is already a “The thinking of legacies tends to come at the end of that first at the end of that first to reflect that in new ways,” says Albinati, shift happening within the workforce, mandate when the government starts thinking hard about ‘what am I who added this file also has the potential recognizing the need for things like going to run on? What will be my legacy? What can I offer Canadians mandate when the to put Canada on the map as an example artificial intelligence and coding, and that that will be distinctive, that will be a signature approach?’” says Dutil. of how to acknowledge past mistakes, and the government’s work in talking about The Liberals are governing on an ambitious agenda with a lot of government starts how to elevate the standard for an equitable and throwing money behind initiatives big promises and bold steps that will take considerable work to make thinking hard about relationship. aimed at boosting these skills is “laying people notice, but Smith says in two years things will be different than He says if that’s done, the indigenous the groundwork” for future generations they were in 2015. ‘what am I going to relationship reset “over the coming decades of workers to be well-positioned new “Many of these things are top of mind for Canadians and from a and for the next generations of Canadians additions to an evolving labour market. policy perspective I think that’s a success. If you raise the topic and run on? What will be will impact the fabric of our society and Though the likelihood of these say ‘oh yeah what’s different?’ they could tell you and that’s pretty my legacy?’” I think it will impact it in phenomenally issues being handled in the same way by significant, I think, from a government side,” says Smith. important and unique and helpful ways.” succeeding governments is questionable, Now, the conversation in the PMO is likely: what are the things – Patrice Dutil, professor given the opposition push-back and they can deliver on, and put checkmarks next to, going into the next at Ryerson University I nnovation and expert commentary that both the Canada campaign; and what are the things they’ll look to accomplish in a infrastructure Infrastructure Bank and Innovation, second mandate, says Albinati. Others commented that the Science and Economic Development “It’s more about setting the table so that Canada can prosper in the government’s plans around fostering Minister Navdeep Bains’ innovation hub coming decades, really, and I think that’s what they’re working at,” he says. innovation ‘superclusters’ and spending plan, are set up with the potential for Trudeau was unavailable for an interview and did not respond billions developing infrastructure political interference, or for the government to written questions about his term as prime minister so far, or what could have similar tangible impacts to pick winners with public funds. thinking he’s done about the remainder of it.

Reading Matters

Why Dissent Matters Because Some People See Things the Rest of Us Miss William Kaplan 9780773550704 $34.95 cloth • 376pp Missing the Tide Tax, Order, and Good Government Global Governments in Retreat A New Politica l History of Canada, A wide-ranging and provocative work Donald J. Johnston 1867–1917 on controversial subjects which tells a story of dissent and dissenters – 9780773549715 $34.95 cloth • 228pp E.A. Heaman people who have been attacked, bullied, 9780773549623 $39.95 cloth • 600pp “… the sad story of how the United States ostracized, jailed, and, sometimes lost its luster as a true superpower … All “This is no narrow and technical account when it is all over, celebrated. the wisdom that Johnston accumulated in of taxation, but a brilliant use of fiscal his ten years of running the OECD is shared politics to illuminate the major questions “Passionate and forceful.” in this book to help leaders catch the tide if in Canadian history.” Margaret MacMillan, author of Paris 1919: it ever returns.” Martin Daunton, University of Cambridge Six Months that Changed the World David Ignatius, The Washington Post

P&I photograph by Jake Wright McGill-Queen’s University Press | mqup.ca Follow us on Facebook.com/McGillQueens and Twitter @Scholarmqup

38 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 39 test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:26 AM opinion-indigenous law

A Two MinuteA TwoA TwoA MinuteWalk ATwo Two Minute toMinute MinuteWalkParliament Walk to WalkA WalkParliament Twoto to HillParliament to MinuteParliament Parliament Hill Walk Hill Hill toHill Parliament Hill

By John Borrows

Short & LongShort Term,Short &Short LongShort Fully& Long& Term, Long &Furnished Long Term, Fully Term, Term, Fully Furnished Short SuitesFully Fully Furnished &Furnished & LongFurnished Lofts Suites Term, Suites &Suites Lofts Suites Fully & Lofts& Furnished Lofts& Lofts Suites & Lofts An  Stylish, designer Stylish, Stylish, furnishings, designerStylish, Stylish, designer designer furnishings, fullydesigner furnishings, equipped, furnishings, furnishings, fully Stylish, modernequipped, fully fully designer equipped, fully equipped, modernequipped, furnishings, modern modern modern fully equipped, modern emphasis on kitchens , TV kitchens & Home kitchens kitchens , TV Theatre kitchens & , HomeTV , TV &System, , HomeTV &Theatre Home & Home Theatrein-suite System,Theatre kitchens Theatre laundrySystem, System,in-suite , TVSystem, in-suite& Home laundryin-suite in-suite laundry Theatre laundry laundry System, in-suite laundry  Private terraces Private withPrivate terracesPrivate patioPrivate terraces terracesfurniturewith terraces patiowith with overlooking patiofurniturewith patio Private patiofurniture furniture overlooking furnitureterraces overlooking overlooking withoverlooking patio furniture overlooking indigenous law could Short Sparks & Street Long Sparks Sparks Street Term, Sparks Sparks Street Street StreetFully Furnished Sparks Street help shape a future Suites Indoor &parking IndoorLofts &Indoor bicycle parkingIndoor Indoor parking storage parking& bicycle parking & bicycle & storage bicycle & bicycle Indoorstorage storage storage parking & bicycle storage n Stylish, 24 Hr designer security 24 furnishings, Hrpatrol 24security 24Hr 24Hrsecurity Free fully Hrsecuritypatrol security Wi-Fiequipped, patrol  patrol Free patrol modern Wi-Fi Free 24 Free  HrWi-Fi Freekitchens, securityWi-Fi Wi-Fi patrol  Free Wi-Fi TV & Home Theatre System, in-suite laundry            that’s brighter n Private All utilities terraces Allincluded with utilities Allpatio Allutilities All furnitureincludedutilitiesStarbucks utilities included overlookingincluded included on-siteStarbucks Starbucks SparksAll Starbucks utilitieson-siteStarbucks Street on-site included on-site on-site Starbucks on-site A Two Minute Walk n Heated Indoor Parking n 24 Hr security patrol than our past. to Parliament Hill n Unlimited Wi-Fi n All utilities included n In theThe heart Heart of theThe of Parliamentary the HeartTheThe City HeartThe of Heart Doesn’t Precinctthe Heart of City ofthe of theGet Doesn’tCity the CityAny Doesn’tTheCity Doesn’tCloser! Get HeartDoesn’t Any Get ofGet Closer!Any Getthe Any Closer!CityAny Closer! Doesn’tCloser! Get Any Closer!

Numerous NumerousamenitiesNumerousNumerous right Numerousamenities outside amenities amenities rightamenities your outsideright door rightNumerous outsideright includingyouroutside outside dooryour amenities your fine includingdooryour door includingdoor right including fine including outside fine fine your fine door including fine The Heart of the City Doesn’t Get Any Closer! dining, pubs,dining, cafes,dining, pubs, dining,pharmacy,dining, pubs, cafes, pubs, pubs, cafes, pharmacy,and cafes, banks.cafes, pharmacy, pharmacy, pharmacy,dining, and Business banks. and pubs, and banks.district, and Business banks. cafes, banks. Business pharmacy, Business district, Business district, district, and district, banks. Business district, or indigenous peoples, the 150th worth asking whether the same will be NumerousByward amenities Market,Byward RideauBywardright Market,Byward outsideByward Canal Market, RideauMarket, your andMarket, doorRideau otherCanal Rideau including Rideau Canalmajor andByward Canal otherfineCanal andcity and Market, dining,other points majorand other other major cityRideau major pointsmajor city Canal city points city points and points other major city points anniversary of Canada carries true of the next 150 years. The Truth pubs, cafes, pharmacy, and banks. Business district, Byward Market, F little cause for celebration. and Reconciliation Commission raises Rideauare all Canal just and minutesare other allare just major areaway. all minutesare alljust city alljust minutes pointsjust minutesaway. minutes are away. all away. just away.are minutes all just away. minutes away. For us, the history of Canada is one the promise of a new beginning, but of dispossession, disruption, and what kind of beginning will that be? coercion. First Peoples have suffered What would Canada look like if it truly greatly since Confederation, and it is respected indigenous peoples? 126 Sparks126 Street Sparks126126 Sparks126 SparksStreet Sparks Street 613.237.6373Street Street 126 613.237.6373 Sparks613.237.6373613.237.6373613.237.6373 Street 126Sparks.com 126Sparks.com613.237.6373126Sparks.com 126Sparks.com 126Sparks.com 126Sparks.com 40 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 opinion-indigenous law indigenous law-opinion

Indigenous peoples also have legal John Borrows teaches law camps in various communities including at Walpole Island, authority that can be referenced and applied Chippewas of the Thames, and Cape Croker. Photographs courtesy of John Borrows when regulating our lives and resolving our disputes. Indigenous law holds standards for judgment. Indigenous legal traditions have criteria for measuring whether actions are consistent with broader principles when making decisions. [Students] will work Indigenous law is unfamiliar to most judges, lawyers, legislators and students in more effectively Canada—but it’s not unknown. UVic has taught indigenous law through summer with indigenous programs and courses for many years. Our Indigenous Law Research Unit regularly communities because engages with communities, giving students an opportunity to learn and apply these they will have the traditions. I have taught intensive courses in indigenous law at the Schulich School of Law methodologies, skills, at Dalhousie University and at my alma mater, the University of Toronto Law School. My and language abilities colleagues have done the same at law schools at the University of Alberta and McGill. to connect with these UVic anticipates being the first university in Canada to offer this dual degree, but that’s varied traditions.” not to say that other institutions aren’t already involved in this important work. - John Borrows Bora Laskin Law School at Lakehead University has a compulsory standing course in Indigenous Legal Traditions. Inuit Law was John Borrows. Photograph courtesy of UVic and the Royal B.C. Museum and Archives a vital component of the Akitsiraq Law School when UVic offered that degree in Nunavut more than a decade ago. Students from the University of Windsor Law School and Western Law School have been involved in indigenous land-based legal experiences at nearby reserves with University of Windsor Law School and Chippewa of the I believe our greatest hope for a new take that step. Education is key to charting systems approach pressing questions. They Thames in southwestern Ontario. beginning lies with our young people. a new future. Engagement with indigenous will see the common law in a clearer light For the past three years, students from In my 25 years as a law professor, I have perspectives invites students to find ways through a comparative lens. They will Osgoode Hall Law School have come to my taught thousands of students. They are of turning the tide. The University of work more effectively with indigenous reserve at Neyaashiinigmiing (Cape Croker inspiring, bright, and full of hope, insight, Victoria’s Faculty of Law is poised to engage communities because they will have the on the Bruce Peninsula). Each September and imagination. It has been a great honour in these broader conversations with the methodologies, skills, and language abilities they have participated in a four-day intensive to work with them. introduction of Canada’s first Indigenous to connect with these varied traditions. experience learning Anishinaabe law from Yet despite their general optimism, Law Degree. The dual degree program builds on elders, leaders, teachers, and myself. many feel betrayed as they learn more After 11 years of preparation, pending our legal heritage. The Supreme Court of These experiences demonstrate that about Canada’s treatment of indigenous provincial approval, the degree will Canada has observed that our constitutional indigenous law can be learned both in the peoples. Discovering the truth immobilizes be offered concurrently with UVic’s processes and principles are “inter-societal” classroom and in community. When the day some of them, though most are driven to conventional common law degree. The when it comes to aboriginal questions. It comes that these viewpoints are intensively action. They seek to change how we relate joint degree will be taught by comparing has written that a “morally and politically embedded alongside the common law in legal to one another, both in the classroom and and contrasting indigenous peoples’ legal defensible conception of Aboriginal rights” education, the domination that indigenous after they leave law school. traditions with those of common law. The will incorporate both common law and peoples have endured will be attenuated. However, law schools can do much four-year program will include classroom indigenous legal perspectives. Teaching indigenous law must also more to enhance and support these efforts, and community-based components, and The court’s constitutional goal of take into account the complexity involved and introducing students and practitioners will follow the lead of McGill Law School’s reconciliation, which bridges legal in teaching the variety of indigenous legal to indigenous law is a critical component of transsystemic approach to common law traditions, is one of the motivating traditions that exist across the country. But that work. and civil law legal education, by giving foundations for this dual degree. Law while there are more then 600 Indian Bands Calls to action from the Truth students the opportunity to tackle legal schools and law societies cannot act as if in Canada—along with numerous Metis and and Reconciliation Commission have problems from multiple perspectives. Canada’s traditions of common law and Inuit governments—legal traditions generally challenged universities and law societies to Students will learn how different legal civil law are the only sources of authority. tend to run along linguistic lines. There are

42 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 43 opinion-indigenous law th I believe our greatest hope for a new beginning lies with Happy 150 our young people. In my 25 years as a law professor, I have taught thousands of students. They are inspiring, bright, and full of hope, insight, and imagination.” - John Borrows Canada!

Walpole Island First Nation, Windsor Law Anishinaabe law camp. Photographs courtesy of John Borrows

around a dozen indigenous language families in Canada, and more than 50 different languages within these families. So, while there are local variations among the approximately 125 Anishinaabe bands throughout Canada, for example, the general contours of Anishinaabe law are broadly recognizable to those practicing this tradition. It’s also the same tradition followed by the approximately 20 Anishinaabe bands in the United States. Reference to how our relatives south of the border deal with similar issues is instructive. Band councils and tribal courts in that country act through constitutions, legislation, regulation, case- based determinations, peacemaking, and customary law. All of that provides valuable Dr. John Hill Dr. Mark McCullough Dr. Robert Ganske Dr. Adèle Cormier Dr. Derek Turner food for thought and application. Placing Anishinaabe law in its broader context and comparing it with the common law reveals patterns and themes for practicing law within this tradition. The same is generally HOLLAND CROSS DENTAL CENTRE true of the other linguistic traditions I have explored. Indigenous law is also revitalized as it is taught. Traditions are renewed through their transmission. We must remember CARING DENTISTS that the common law evolves as professors and students research and write about it—it is revived and rejuvenated each Indigenous peoples may not have much recognized as part of the law of this land. One Exacting time it is discussed. The same will be to celebrate as Canada marks its 150th year, John Borrows is Canada Research Chair true when indigenous communities and but there is the prospect of a brighter future in Indigenous Law at the University of teachers introduce their laws to students if we can reverse the flow of judgment that Victoria Law School and is the 2017 Killam Standard of Treatment and practitioners in UVic’s dual degree has disadvantaged them through the years. Prize winner in Social Sciences for his program. Indigenous law flows from living We will be a much stronger nation when substantial and distinguished scholarship legal traditions, where the past is brought indigenous precedent, authority, standards, and commitment to indigenous legal www.hollandcrossdental.com into the present to address future needs. criteria, processes, and principles are traditions.

44 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 20-1620 Scott Street. Ottawa, Ont. K1Y 4S7 l 613.728.1511 l [email protected]

Holland Cross-couple.indd 1 17-06-15 11:20 AM when in-the royal canadian mint the royal canadian mint-when in

“Coins have this long-standing traditional elements of everyday life, that every Canadian has a chance to touch but they really also have the ability to mark important moments in our present,” she tells P&I. First established as a branch of the British Royal Mint, the Royal Canadian Mint has grown over the years to be one of the world’s top producers of circulation, collector, and bullion investment coins and products. Designed by the government’s then-chief architect Da- vid Ewart and built between 1905-08, the Mint’s three-sto- rey fortress-like building has all the markings of a fortified castle: slim crenellated towers, gatehouses located on when in... opposite ends, black wrought-iron fences, Gothic Revival architectural details, and a copper coat of arms mounted P&I goes behind-the-scenes at the Royal atop its main entrance. Upon entering the building, the majesty of its exterior is Canadian Mint, where precious metals become subtly exemplified throughout its interior by careful detailing and artful woodwork—creating an enviable mix of Old World useful coins, used both as practical currency charm with the modern touches of a cutting-edge facility. “We have put Canada on the map by refining the purest and to circulate the Canadian story. gold in the world and producing among the world’s most popular gold and silver bullion [investment] coins,” says Alex Reeves, Mint spokesperson. “Our Gold and Silver Maple Leaf bullion coins are refined to 99.99 per cent purity and we also introduced the P&I photograph by Sam Garcia world’s first and only 99.999 per cent pure-gold bullion coin in 2007.”

By Martha Ilboudo Are you looking to increase your client satisfaction with procurement? Look to very day, as the Centennial flame burns bright against the iconic The Right Door Consulting & Solutions backdrop of Parliament Hill, dozens of nickels, dimes, quarters, Our methodology and approach will allow you to achieve this objective: Eloonies, and toonies fly from their tempo- rary dwellings in pockets and wallets into • Implementation of a Service Desk (Case Management Enabled) the flame’s shallow waters. Those tossing their lucky coins may not be aware that the • Reliable Client Service Standards institution that creates the diverse designs • Enhance procurement strategy through planning on each face is only a short walk away. A permanent fixture on Sussex Drive, • Lean Six Sigma – Kanban Board the Royal Canadian Mint has been draw- • Training on Proactive Disclosures, ATIP and responses to Parliamentary questions ing visitors to the famed street since it (Using SAP or other ERP systems for reporting) first opened more than 100 years ago. A well-respected Canadian institution, the Mint has been instrumental in crafting iBuy – Changing the Face of Procurement – Client Service Canada’s narrative, and celebrating Cana- Focus – Technology Enabled – call us today. dian achievements and themes since its first bronze cent was struck on January 2, 1908. “Coins [are] an incredibly important part of national identity and trade and commerce [that] have been around forev- er—certainly been in place in Canada for Rob Sargent, director of refining and inventory management at the Royal Canadian Mint well over a century,” says Sandra Han- 613.627.2158 • www.therightdoor.ca holds gold bar. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia ington, president and CEO of the Royal Canadian Mint.

46 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 47 Right Door HP.indd 1 17-06-15 12:24 PM xxxx-xxxx the royal canadian mint-when in

The cathode created is 99.99 per cent pure gold, which is melted and cast into requested products such as large metal ingots of roughly 800 oz. These large gold bars will be sent on skids to be put through the coining process, Sargent explains. In addition to its numerous products and services, the Mint’s We love that we’re Ottawa facility holds billions of dollars-worth of allocated storage on behalf of banks, mutual funds, and private wealth. world-renowned; we Sitting approximately 185,000 sq. ft., the Ottawa facility produces hand-crafted collector and commemorative coins, gold bullion coins, love that we’re respected medals, and medallions while the Winnipeg, Man. location produces all Canadian circulation coins as well as foreign circulation coins for for the products that other countries, striking approximately 90 million coins in one week. Over the years, the Canadian Mint has produced coins for more we make and they are than 60 countries. “We love that we’re world-renowned; we love that we’re respect- stunningly beautiful ed for the products that we make and they are stunningly beautiful and—in circulation coins—useful as well,” says Hanington. and—in circulation The Canadian Mint received a record 12 nominations from the Krause Publication’s prestigious annual Coin of the Year Awards in coins—useful as well” 2016. -Sandra Hanington, P&I photograph by Sam Garcia CEO of the Mint

This 100kg pure-gold bullion was Here, a bar sample is taken from a de- worth $1-million, and was certified by the posit to the assay lab department to deter- Guinness World Records as the largest coin mine how much gold and silver it contains. in the world. Then the two-step refining process begins. The Mint receives its gold and silver The first step is miller chlorination, from a number of different sources, such as explains Sargent, where a mixture of gold gold-bearing material from both Canadian deposits targeting a 70 per cent gold start and foreign mines, as well as secondary point is melted to liquid and injected with market material such as jewellery, coins, chlorine gas, separating the base metals and fragments. such as iron, tin, and even silver. The gold Inside the Mint’s high security area is is then poured into anodes, ready for the ‘ins and outs’ room; this is where mine electrolysis, where it is submerged in a bath deposits are weighed and tested. of hydrochloric acid and gold chloride and Collectible maple leaf-shaped coins on “For each bar of a mine deposit we will then put through an electric current. display at the Royal Canadian Mint in take a small drill sample and we will check Ottawa. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia that drill sample for things like mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic—the deleterious elements that we don’t want to expose our workers to,” says Rob Sargent, director of refining and inventory management at the Royal Canadian Mint. “The client will send us an advance no- tice of the shipment detailing bar weights, material format which we will compare to the shipment when we receive it. So nobody can just arrive here saying: ‘Here, I have some gold I want to drop off,’” says Sargent. “If that bar list matches what they said they were going to ship us, we check it for deleterious …We can then enter these bars into our system as a deposit and send it through the refining,” he explains. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia The floor slopes down towards the refinery.

48 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 49 $2,699,000$2,699,000 when in-the royal canadian mint $2,699,000$2,699,000

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Coining a Canadian story cut, weighed and sent to the rolling process. Liquid gold: A Mint The Ottawa facility receives raw material The cast coil goes from 15 mm to employee carefully 585585 Manor Ave – ROCKCLIFFE PARK ROCKCLIFFEROCKCLIFFE PARK PARK from the refinery, typically gold or silver, and approximately 2.5 mm-3 mm. Through pours gold into a 585585 Manor Manor Ave Ave – – pre-heated mold in ThisThis turnturn ofof thethe century cottage bears the hallmarks of its surroundings; elegant can also process other precious and non-pre- the annealing process, the material can be sophistication,ThisThis turn turn of the oforiginal the century century features cottage cottage of bears hardwood, bears the the hallmarks hallmarkselliptical of itswindows,of itssurroundings; surroundings; leaded elegantglass, elegant all further reduced to a thickness of less than the Mint’s refinery. sophistication,sophistication,sophistication, originaloriginal original featuresfeatures features of of hardwood,of hardwood, hardwood, elliptical elliptical elliptical windows, windows, windows, leaded leadedleaded glass, glass,glass, all all cious metals, as well as gold and silver alloys, P&I photograph by Sam exquisitely maintained. Entertaining-ready & totally liveable spaces - ready for two one millimetre. exquisitelyexquisitelyexquisitely maintained. maintained. Entertaining-ready Entertaining-ready Entertaining-ready & & totally& totally totally liveable liveable liveable spaces spaces spaces - ready -- readyready for for two two explains Steven Papais, director of the Otta- Garcia storeystorey expansionexpansion -- permitspermits all on hand. Outside, family fun and elegant outdooroutdoor wa facility’s production operations. “We run a dynamic business in a com- storeystorey expansion expansion - permits - permits all allon onhand. hand. Outside, Outside, family family fun fun and and elegant elegant outdoor outdoor livingliving combinecombine forfor anan unbeatableunbeatable summer retreat. Easy access to transit, BeechwoodBeechwood The first step on the coining side is petitive marketplace that really is global, livingliving Village,combine combine proximity for foran unbeatablean unbeatable to the city’s summer summer best retreat.schools. retreat. Easy Luxury, Easy access access one to transit,toof transit,a kind Beechwood livingBeechwood continuous casting where bars are trans- so when we’re vying to produce circulation Village,Village, proximityproximity proximity to to the tothe the city’s city’s city’s best best best schools. schools. schools. Luxury, Luxury, Luxury, one one one of ofa of kind a a kind kind living livingliving formed. The casting area has two furnaces: coins for countries around the world, there are other mints and providers that are go- Charles Sezlik, Cindy Sezlik, new edinburgh Glebe byward market byward market one for silver, one for gold. The bars are CharlesCharlesCharles Sezlik, Sezlik, Sezlik, Cindy Cindy Cindy Sezlik, Sezlik, Sezlik, newnewnew edinburgh edinburgh GlebeGlebeGlebe bywardbywardbyward market market market bywardbywardbyward market market put through a ceramic container—called a ing head-to-head, toe-to-toe with us,” says DominiqueDominique Laframboise, Laframboise, SalesSales Sales Sales Reps. Reps. Reps. Reps. crucible—inside the furnace, melting the Hanington. DominiqueDominique Laframboise, Laframboise, metals at approximately 1200 C, explains When it comes to numismatics, or the Papais. The molten metal pours out from a world of coin-collection, “it’s a discretion- 613-744-6697613-744-6697613-744-6697613-744-6697 side orifice, and is pressed into a die—es- ary purchase and there’s lots of other people sentially a mold—which gives it the desired looking for that part of people’s discretion- shape, Papais explains. ary wallet,” says Hanington. “The Mint casts bars 125 mm-wide by “The bullion business is a very compet- 15 mm-thick. The die has a cooling jacket itive one, so making sure that we’ve got the that brings the material down to about 400 best offer, with the best people, at the right 182182182 Dufferin 182Dufferin Dufferin RdRd Rd 191919 Torrington Torrington19 Torrington Place Place Place 700700700 Sussex Sussex Sussex Dr Dr Dr 90 George9090 GeorgeGeorge St StSt time and the right place, and providing C and it is subsequently quenched with $1,250,000$1,250,000$1,250,000 $1,780,000$1,780,000$1,780,000 MultipleMultipleMultiple Units Units Units Available! Available! Available!MultipleMultipleMultiple Units UnitsUnits Available! Available! water,” says Papais. outstanding customer service I think that’s Once it comes through, the silver is going to be our ongoing challenge and we’re TrystanTrystanTrystan Andrews Andrews Andrews, Broker;, Broker;, Broker; then wound up in a cup coiler to 19,000 oz. committed to meeting it,” she adds. Trystan Andrews, Broker; ProudProudProud partner partner partner of: of: of: SaraSaraSara Adam, Adam,Sara Adam, Adam, Sales Sales Sales SalesReps. Reps. Reps. Reps. Proud partner of: w/ Royalw/ Royal LePage LePage Team Team Realty Realty & part & partof Sezlik.com. of Sezlik.com. 50 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 w/w/ Royal Royal LePage LePage Team Team Realty Realty & & part part of of Sezlik.com. 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Test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:36 AM the royal canadian mint-when in

In an effort to stay competitive, the multiple strikes, which allows to better fill hobbing—which transfers the image to the posed over colourful fireworks—illuminates Mint has to continuously come up with the images. This process can involve up to working die. in the dark after being exposed to light and new and inventive ways to do business, four or five strikes. Not only does the Mint create Canada’s is 99.99 per cent pure silver. creating lasting pieces that will impress. Art boards are created, using illus- coins, but it was also tasked with creating Whether it’s changing the shape of trations procured from artists—all of all 615 gold, silver, and bronze medals used traditional coins, or using a new glow-in- whom have been Canadian in the past 80 in the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter the-dark technology, in a highly compet- years. Once images are approved from the Games. itive market re-imagining a product is a minister of Finance, the engraving process “We think of ourselves as an im- necessity. begins, based on engineering details that portant part of Canada, a Canadi- include coin size. an—and a certainly an Ottawa— The science of coin A fun historical fact: when the one-dol- institution,” says Hanington. engineering lar currency changed from paper money “We have the privilege “The Mint is constantly advancing the to coins, the first design for the loonie por- of being right in the center science of coin manufacturing and process trayed the voyageurs, Canadian explorers. of things in this beautiful engineering to offer customers the best However, in a still-unsolved mystery, the heritage building, making Gold flakes scattered on the casting table, left over from a step of the refining process. possible coins (for circulation, collecting designed mold went missing during trans- stunning products, and we’re P&I photograph by Sam Garcia and investing)” says Mint spokesperson portation between Ottawa and Winnipeg, just delighted to be such an Reeves. and was never found. In order to prevent important part of celebrating “We maintain a significant annual counterfeit money from being produced, Canada’s 150th,” she says. [research and development] budget to the Mint was forced to change the design to When asked what her continue to innovate in areas such as coin the now-iconic loon on the loonie. favourite coin produced by the security—which is especially important for Using advanced sculpting technology, Mint is, Hanington responds circulation and bullion coins—new plating the engraving department makes specific that the recently released ‘Proudly technologies which benefit circulation adjustments using an interactive tablet. Canadian’ glow-in-the-dark coin coin users world-wide, and technologies/ A computer numerical control (CNC) takes the cake. The Mint is constantly advancing techniques which enhance the originality machine carves the inverted and backwards Released to celebrate Canada’s sesqui- and appeal of our collector coins, which image from a block of steel. Next comes centennial, the piece—emblazoned with an the science of coin manufacturing compete directly with other mints as they a series of polishing, heat-treating, and engraved rippling Canadian flag superim- are sold on the international market as well and process engineering to offer as domestically,” he says. th One example of the Mint’s innovation Happy 150 customers the best possible coins.” was the Remembrance commemorative coin produced in 2004, which featured Anniversary - Alex Reeves, spokesperson for the Mint a red, coloured poppy on it, making it the first coloured circulation coin in the Canada! world. In fact, it was such a novelty that The College of Family U.S. defence contractors suspected it as a Physicians of Canada ‘spy coin,’ investigating a (incorrect) theory that the protective coating was hiding a The voice of family medicine miniscule camera. www.cfpc.ca In the Ottawa institution, after the @FamPhysCan coins-in-the-making are rolled and annealed, they’re burnished. Blanks are e added in a large ‘washing machine’ with Joyeux 150 stainless-steel ball bearings, soap and water for half an hour. The bearings are separated anniversaire, before the blanks are taken to the coining press area, where they are fed through and Canada! brought into the striking area. An automat- Le Collège des médecins ic packing system carries 250 pieces per minute and strikes up to 300 tons of force. de famille du Canada Workers inspect the coins according to Le porte-parole de la thickness, diameter, and visuals. médecine familiale The engraving process comes next, and www.cfpc.ca takes place in a HEPA-filtered environ- @FamPhysCan ment to remove any contaminants. Coins in manual presses are struck one by one. Some of the inner-workings of the rolling room of the Royal Canadian Mint. P&I photograph Such coins, according to Papais, require a by Sam Garcia high service, similar to that of a high-qual- ity image. The coin will goes through

52 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 53 CFPC_Canada 150th_ad_FINAL.indd 1 2017-05-31 2:26 PM Test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:21 AM zero-to-expert

Former prime minister John Diefenbaker, former prime minister Pierre Trudeau, and Senator Serge Joyal. Photographs courtesy of Gar Lunney, Rob Mierenet, and Jake Wright

he Canadian Charter of Rights and document, it has much more weight when TFreedoms is one of Canada’s defining compared to other federal laws, and that in documents, and encapsulates Canadian turn, makes it enforceable in the courts in a values. It sets us apart in the world in terms way the Bill of Rights never could have been. of having a progressive document that other “To me, as a minority, it’s where I feel countries have looked to when thinking about protected,” says Senator Serge Joyal, who Zero-to-Expert how to devise a system of rights and freedoms was part of the Charter drafting process for their own constitutions. South Africa from the beginning as an MP, under then- did you looked to Canada and the Charter when it prime minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, and was reforming its laws post-Apartheid, as did had previously been a lawyer taking the Jamaica in designing its own Charter. government to court over the enforcement of the Official Languages Act. “I don’t know? The Canadian Charter of What came before? feel protected by the politicians. I feel While various rights and freedoms protected by the court because it’s outside came about gradually though the system of of the political pressure. They have the Rights and Freedoms common law that our courts rely on—and independence and they have the autonomy Statistics Canada the Civil Code in Quebec— a Canadian of understanding the whole picture.” reported that Bill of Rights was enacted by Parliament on Joyal tells P&I that when then-prime August 10, 1960, under the government of minister Trudeau asked him to co-chair when asked to John Diefenbaker. But, because the Bill of the Joint Committee on the Constitution of rank Canada’s Rights was not a constitutional document, Canada, with then-Senator Harry Hayes, he most meaningful by Dale Smith and merely a federal statute, there was said it would be on one condition: that the little to protect it from judges and courts Charter be enforceable in court. national symbols, interpreting it in a way that would find Trudeau agreed to Joyal’s condition, the Charter was exceptions to the rules, particularly if the and later on, in order to make that sections of the Bill of Rights were in conflict enforcement accessible to Canadians, they the top choice, with another federal law that had not been also set up a Court Challenges Program picked over amended to meet the aims of the Bill of that would help fund minority groups other icons, like Rights. when they needed to take their cases to the courts – an important consideration when ice hockey and Why is the Charter different? those groups need to sue a government the beaver. Because the Charter is a constitutional with essentially unlimited resources.

54 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 55 zero-to-expert

belief, opinion and expression including a free The Charter also has a section on press, peaceful assembly, and association. official languages, and minority language From there, the Charter lists democratic educational rights. rights, mobility rights, and then legal rights. did you know? Most people will only ever have to deal with What is the Notwithstanding Clause? legal rights if they are arrested or charged The infamous “notwithstanding clause” is Used as a model for with a crime, but these rights include one of the final sections in the Charter, and is human rights legislation things like the right not to be subject to known as a compromise with the provinces around the world, unreasonable search and seizure, be arrested that allowed its adoption to be agreed to in or detained arbitrarily, have the right to call a the first place (except by Quebec). the Charter has been lawyer, and have the right to a fair trial. “There is a legitimacy debate – there translated into more than “In the event that you are charged with are people who disdain the fact that there an offence, the Charter provides a number is a notwithstanding clause,” says Emmett 23 languages. It has also of protections that are really foundational,” Macfarlane, a political science professor at been printed in English says Mathen. the University of Waterloo who studies the and French Braille. These legal rights extend not only to Charter and the Supreme Court of Canada. treatment at the time someone is arrested, but “They like to frame it as governments it also affects how those laws are drawn up. overriding rights, and even that’s a bit of a “The Charter also means that there are problem. What the notwithstanding clause certain ways that Parliament can criminalize was intended to do and what it allows certain social problems and certain ways legislatures to do is to signal disagreement Image courtesy of the Canadian Department of Justice that it can’t, and that has had a huge effect on with how courts have interpreted the Charter.” our criminal law in general,” says Mathen. The notwithstanding clause acts like an “You can have a right on paper and say were deemed “persons” under the law, and thus The next section is on equality rights, escape valve for legislative interpretations of go to court, but if you have to mortgage your eligible to sit in the Canadian Senate. which ensures protection and equality under rights, used best when there are competing house to go to court to sue the government “When you write a constitutional the law without discrimination based on race, rights at play and a government doesn’t or the minister of justice, then if rights document, you have to make sure that you national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, think the courts struck the right balance, are rights, you can’t condemn people to have inbuilt some kind of flexibility of concept,” sex, age or mental or physical disability. Since says Macfarlane. “It’s a much more difficult limits; that the Charter should grow within heroism,” says Joyal. “Democracy can’t says Joyal. “This is the testimony of respect that then, more categories have been “read into” case to employ the notwithstanding clause its natural limits, and not transform an elm operate like that. We can’t reserve rights only I have for the Justices of the Privy Council who the Charter by the courts for things like when you’re really talking about the state as into a willow tree, as it’s been said. to those who have money.” recognized that the Canadian constitutional sexual orientation or family status. the main antagonist against a specific right.” “The risk with the living tree metaphor Because the Charter is constitutional, document was not a frozen document, it was “One of the biggest implications of Macfarlane says that what the clause is that you want to take an existing right, like it also has the ability to push provincial not the Bible. They recognized that as much as the Charter in terms of equality rights has recognizes is that sometimes there are section seven of the Charter, which is the right governments, particularly in areas like the structures were permanent—the concept been the adoption of this approach that we competing rights, that there is no objectively to life, liberty and security of the person, and linguistic rights – something the Bill of of division of power, that we were living in a determine whether someone has suffered correct interpretation of the Charter, and is connected directly to the criminal justice Rights was not able to. It also blunts the constitutional monarchy—the rest was for us inequality by looking to the effects of the law that the courts don’t always get it right. process and the administration of justice,” says supremacy of Parliament to unilaterally to define, and the court was sensitive to that.” and not just what it says on its face and what Macfarlane. “There are people who want to make laws, which in turn weakens the the government intended,” says Mathen. “We Where might it go next? say that right to life means a right to housing, a tyranny of the majority when it comes to the What are the rights within the Charter? have this approach where we also look at Because of the way that courts are able right to food, a right to healthcare, and a right did you right of minorities. The Charter is set up in several sections, the effects, and if the effects are to create or to interpret the Charter, it remains possible to basically economic provisions by the state, each of which enumerates different kinds of perpetuate discriminatory treatment, then for new rights and freedoms to be “read into” which was certainly not contemplated by the How did the Charter come about? rights, but right at the very top is a clause that that’s going to be considered a violation of the Charter, in part because of the “living framers in 1982… These social and economic In October of 1980, then-prime minister says that every one of the limits contained in your equality right, and the government will tree” doctrine that was first articulated in rights are something else, and the court has left know? try to have to justify that.” the Persons Case. But the living tree also has the door open to this.” Pierre Elliott Trudeau announced his plans the document is subject to “reasonable limits to constitutionalize a bill of rights that would prescribed by law as can be demonstrably include fundamental freedoms, democratic justified in a free and democratic society.” In 1996, then- guarantees, freedom of movement, legal “Section one states that none of the rights, equality rights, and language rights. rights in the Charter are absolute, but they’re astronaut Marc Over the course of around 65 days of subject to reasonable limits,” says Carissima Garneau took televised joint-committee hearings, hundreds Mathen, a constitutional law professor at of groups from across the country weighed the University of Ottawa. “That’s been really both an English in, whether it was women’s advocacy groups, important because it’s meant that the courts and French disability groups, or aboriginal leaders, many engage in much more explicit balancing of version of the of them concerned about the proposed interests. Section one states that the limit has language in the Charter. It was notoriously to be demonstrably justified, and that the Charter into contentious process, and often times government has to actually bear the burden space with him. throughout, dramatic. of demonstrating that, and the courts are the “I thought of the Persons Case,” Joyal says ones who are going to be interpreting it.” of the 1929 Judicial Committee of the Privy The next section lays out fundamental Council decision that declared that women freedoms: conscience and religion, thought, 56 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 57 Test1.indd 1 17-06-12 11:24 AM F eature-RELIGION & CULTURE

Building bridges with faith in an increasingly secular society

Father Jim, former archbishop of Winnipeg, reflects on a 50-year career in the Catholic Church, facilitating reconciliation with Canada’s First Nations, and how religion can fit into a modern and diverse Canadian culture.

By ChaRELLE Evelyn

etired Catholic archbishop V. could identify him as a pastor, an administrator, James Weisgerber’s religion places and a teacher. He’s a son, a Father, and a brother. heavy emphasis on the symbolism The concept of religion itself can also be R of ‘threes;’ for example, the Holy trisected. It can be a tool, a shield, and a salve. Trinity (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) And when tracing the paths of Weisgerber’s and the three days between Jesus’s death and life—from his earliest days, growing up in resurrection. small-town Saskatchewan, to being named to To follow the theme, Weisgerber himself has the Order of Canada in 2013—all three notes been a priest, a bishop, and an archbishop. One have been struck in his chord.

Photograph courtesy of ‘They Desire a Better Country’ taken by Colin Boyd Shafer 58 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 fe ature-religion & culture religion & culture-feature

by Christian churches and the Canadian government to assimilate indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. But instead of hiding behind it, Weisgerber dug into the word of God, and used it to bridge the gap between people like Phil Fontaine—who was one of the first to share his story as a residential school survivor in 1990—and Pope Benedict XVI, who was then the The church is not a voice head of the Catholic Church. Pope Benedict held an audience in the Vatican in 2009 with that is heard. I think Weisgerber, Fontaine, and others who were part of the small Canadian delegation. He expressed “sorrow” over the suffering we have something wrought by the school system. In his own words, Weisgerber tells P&I about his 50-year important to say, but relationship with the Catholic church, finding truth, facilitating reconciliation, and where he believes religion can fit into an so does history and so increasingly secular Canadian society. This interview has been edited for length, style, and clarity. do other people, and On picking his vocation: we need to, somehow “I lived in a little village in Saskatchewan, which was completely Catholic. And there was a big church and a convent full of nuns, two of whom were my mother’s sisters. There weren’t many career or another, establish a opportunities in those days and in that Catholic context, the best you could possibly do is to be a priest. dialogue where we “I keep telling people I had very little choice in the matter; it seemed to be the right thing to do and it was certainly supported by listen to each other.” everybody. The bigger question, of course, is why I stayed a priest after I left there. It’s been a wonderfully, wonderfully fulfilling career. “It’s been a wonderful life for me.”

James Weisgerber was presented the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston in September 2014. Photograph courtesy of MCPL Vincent Carbonneau

TM Ordained at the age of 25, Weisgerber ceremony as a tribute to his efforts to CREATING CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS has held numerous titles over his 50- facilitate reconciliation between the Roman year career. Between 1990 and 1996, he Catholic Church and Canada’s indigenous PUBLIC AFFAIRS | COMMUNICATIONS | MANAGEMENT CONSULTING was general secretary of the Canadian peoples after the church’s role in the Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB); residential school system. from 1996 to 2000, he was bishop of Throughout his varied positions, Saskatoon; and from 2000 and 2013, Weisgerber—who eschews formalities and 145 King Street East, 2nd Floor 100 Queen Street, Suite 550 Weisgerber was the archbishop of is most comfortable being addressed as Toronto, ON M5C 2Y7 Ottawa, ON K1P 1J9 Winnipeg. he started, Father Jim—says he has seen 416 864 7112 613 231 2630 Weisgerber also holds a variety of religion at its best and its worst. honorary degrees, and was president of the While religion and faith is often meant CCCB between 2007 and 2009. to be used as means of providing comfort, However, he tells P&I that one of his Weisgerber says he’s had his eyes opened to strategycorp.com most-treasured titles is that of “brother,” how it could be viewed as a weapon among having been adopted in 2012 by a quartet those who suffered abuse in Canada’s of Anishinaabe elders at a Winnipeg residential schools, a project implemented

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On his first experience working in “So it was really difficult because national scene. Up until then, there were “There’s ways, there are lots of other advice when we’re talking about differences indigenous communities: being on the hot seat … you become people who knew enough, but it wasn’t a spaces where you can welcome people, and and diversity and all of that. … The wonderful “In 1979 I asked to go and serve on defensive, and I knew lots of people national issue as it is today where people help people, and make people feel they’re thing about Catholics is, being universal, it Indian reserves. … I asked the bishop to that worked there and they seemed to are all talking about it. part of this—even if they’re having some means there’s room for everybody. When Phil go because there was no one, and I was be awfully nice people. So it took a long “It’s a whole new reality. I think it would difficulty. But we haven’t much been an “So, we have a special responsibility. quite willing to give it a whirl. time. It was really very painful to work be very good if the Holy Father would institution that was open to any doubt or And this is one of the problems I’ve always Fontaine made And it was absolutely wonderful, you my way through all of that. come and address this.” questioning.” seen; they really didn’t make any room know? Because I got to know aboriginal “But they kept the pressure on, and we for First Nations people. We wanted to people on their own turf. I was welcomed kept meeting and talking.” On Canadians’ shifting relationship with On connecting with the country’s make them like us. I think their culture is his disclosure onto the reserve, and I got to their Christianity: changing demographics, and moving on something absolutely unique, that only they ceremonies and I got to be good friends On bringing it to the attention of Pope “The church is an institution that from mistakes of the past: can offer to the universal church. And we’ll about having with so many of them. Benedict XVI: changes. I think it was [theologian] Karl “Jesus is very clear in the gospel: if you get there. We have to enable and help them “The residential schools, at that point, “Well there’s a way of doing things, Barth who said that the Christian has to hang on to your life, you’ll lose it. And if you and we can’t do it for them but they have to were not an issue. And most of the people protocol, and there’s a way of not doing face the world with a bible in one hand, and give your life away you will discover who you rebuild and become strong and then we can been abused, that came to and were involved in the things. And I chose the way of not doing the newspaper in the other. really are. You couldn’t think of any better have a real good dialogue.” church were people whose lives were things…. I was in Rome for a regular “We believe in The Word of God, that really set pretty good. And the people who were visit with the Pope— the presidents [of and that persists and that will always be angry and suffering were not part of the the conference of bishops] do that once a with us—the gospel—but the way we church community. But I really didn’t year—and I was sitting across from Pope understand the gospel comes very much off this whole know that.” Benedict. from what’s happening in history, God Zander Zatylny CP Women’s Open “We had not talked about this, we had speaks through history, too.” Child Ambassador residential On facing the truth: not planned anything, and I just told him SUPPORTING “In 1990, when I went to be general the situation and that we needed the head On the church’s shifting role in society: school debate secretary [at the Canadian Conference of of the church to apologize. “For about the last thousand years, Catholic Bishops] I had hardly warmed “The kind of disappointing thing was the church had a social role in society— BEAUTIFUL the chair when Phil Fontaine made his the Holy Father really never got a good basically being moral policemen—and within the disclosure about having been abused, and explanation of what the situation was … everybody kind of accepted that, that really set off this whole residential So in the end, the Pope kind of saw it as especially people whose lives were HEARTS IN country.” school debate within the country. a question of institutions where sexual together, who could follow the rules, it “That was really a steep, steep abuse occurred, and that was part of it, but was pretty good, … But that’s not the OTTAWA learning curve for me because I had [not the] whole larger issue.” role we have anymore, and thank God, grown up with the myth that these were because it frees the church to really wonderful places and heroic work was On the need for a new apology from preach the gospel and find new ways of Donate until August 27 being done, and I had no idea what was Pope Francis: living the gospel. and CP will match really going on there or why they were “The Truth and Reconciliation “The church is not a voice that is heard. your donation. created. Commission has really put this on the I think we, as disciples, and people of the gospel, we have something important to CHEOHEART.COM Phil Fontaine, a say, but so does history and so do other residential school people, and we need to, somehow or All funds raised through the 2017 survivor and former CP Women’s Open will support another, establish a dialogue where we pediatric cardiology at CHEO. Grand Chief of the listen to each other. Assembly of First “Nobody has all of the truth and if Nations. P&I photograph by Jake Wright we listen to others we learn and we get a different colour of what we’re talking about. This has always been, at least, my understanding of the way the gospel works.”

On bringing youth, or non-practicing Christians, back to the church: “I think we really need to be perceived as people who are listening to what the others are saying. We’re not going to agree on certain things … but we listen. “The church has to change—it’s not the bastion of knowing everything and telling everyone what to do, because people don’t want that, but I think people are open to kind of questioning and listening.

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test.indd 1 17-06-12 10:34 AM satire-proportional representation proportional representation-satire

PM: But surely reforming our electoral building consensus, in fact quite the AB: Only when there are just two system would be the right thing to opposite . . . or three viable contenders, Yes, Prime Minister: A spin-off do! Would it not? AB: Which is why you created an Prime Minister. Proportional AB: Well it may be the right thing, Prime all-party committee to make a representation will open the Minister, but it is the wrong time. recommendation to Parliament . . . floodgates and put an end to that PM: But you do agree it is the right thing . . . PM: Since when has an all-party once and for all, as you say! Popular with generations of political junkies, the BBC TV and radio series, AB: Let’s just say it is the wrong right committee come to a consensus on PM: But we would form a coalition, with thing, right at this particular time. anything? like-minded parties, to keep our Yes, Minister and Yes, Prime Minister is the inspiration for this take on a PM: The wrong right thing? AB: Well it came to a consensus that there hand in . . . certain prime minister’s struggle with proportional representation. AB: Right at this particular point in time, was no consensus, Prime Minister . . . AB: Unfortunately, not everyone sees it yes, Prime Minister. PM: We’ve made a real mess of this one, quite that way, Prime Minister. PM: At what point in time do you Anonymous Bureaucrat. PM: They don’t? (With some alarm) Who imagine it might be the right right AB: I would agree with you there, sir. doesn’t? AB: Well, that’s precisely the problem, Prime Minister . . . thing? Perhaps it is best simply to turn the AB: In fact, just the other day . . . PM: Problem? AB: That would be very difficult to say. page . . . PM: Yes . . . (on the edge of his seat) AB: Yes, Prime Minister . . . it’s a question of whether we PM: Yes, I thought it might. But it was PM: And give up!? Certainly not! I have a APS: Well, it just happened to come up really want to change every single little thing . . . an election promise, Anonymous majority government. We ran on this in conversation with a few people PM: Well, of course we do. That’s the whole point. When seats in Bureaucrat. issue and we won—that’s my national on the Party Leadership Review the House of Commons are in proportion to the number of AB: Yes, exactly, Prime Minister consensus! Committee . . . votes each party receives, well, that will change everything. (gleefully), just an election promise . . . AB: I see, Prime Minister. You seem very PM: Yes . . . ? (Leaning in) AB: Precisely, Prime Minister, it could lead to virtually anyone PM: So we have to keep it! determined. AB: And they seemed to see coalition- getting elected . . . AB: Oh no, not a promise made during PM: I am, Anonymous Bureaucrat. This building as a dangerous compromise PM: Wouldn’t that be a good thing? an election! country clearly wanted leadership on of this party’s long-held principles . . . AB: (With distaste) . . . But it will mean all sorts of minority views, PM: Really? this issue, and I intend to give it to PM: Long-held principles? special interests, and diverse perspectives to contend with . . . AB: Nohohoho (chortling), everybody them. Damn the torpedoes! AB: Yes, a kind of a Faustian Bargain, I PM: But don’t we believe in diversity? knows election promises are made AB: Bravo, Sir, very courageous. believe was how they put it . . . AB: Yes, but diversity out there in the country, not in here where purely for the purpose of getting PM: Not at all. I am just doing what I PM: The only long-held principle in this important decisions are being made! elected, which we did! was elec- . . . what do you mean party is to hold onto power at all costs! PM: Really? PM: But we promised that if we did get courageous? AB: Precisely, Prime Minister, which is AB: Think of it Prime Minister, all kinds of radical extremists . . . elected we would change the election AB: Yes, sir, a very noble act of self- why it is so very courageous of you PM: Ah, the far right, good point, Anonymous Bureaucrat . . . rules, once and for all! sacrifice. Shall I have the lawyers pull to stick to your neck . . . I mean, to AB: No, Prime Minister, much worse—labour, environmentalists AB: Yes, and it worked beautifully, Prime together some draft legislation for stick to your guns on this one, sir. . . . and fringe groups . . . Minister. But that’s all behind us now. your review by, say, Thursday? PM: Did you say Faustian Bargain? PM: Such as . . . ? PM: We just move on . . . ? PM: Self-sacrifice? What are you talking AB: Well yes, that phrase was used by AB: Well . . . women! AB: Precisely, Prime Minister. about? the chair of the Leadership Review PM: Women? Hardly a fringe group. . . they outnumber men! PM: But won’t I be accused of breaking AB: Giving up the possibility of your Committee . . . AB: That is exactly my concern, Prime Minister . . . my promise? party ever forming a majority PM: The chair of the Leadership Review PM: It’s a scandal that they don’t occupy the majority of the seats AB: Those are very strong words, Prime government again—it’s nothing short Committee . . . for heaven’s sake, in the House of Commons. Minister. of heroic. Anonymous Bureaucrat! AB: But that would almost certainly change, Prime Minister. PM: My reputation is at stake, PM: Giving up on ever forming a...ever? AB: Will Thursday be soon enough, PM: Excellent! (Penny drops) Oh, I see. But shouldn’t voters have Anonymous Bureaucrat. Tell me, AB: Yes, almost certainly. Very noble, Prime Minister? P&I illustration by Anthony Jenkins the right to choose whomever they wish? how would you explain that we have Prime Minister. PM: Thursday?! Soon enough for what?! AB: Whomever they wish? Oh, Prime Minister (Chuckling) . . . completely turned our backs on this PM: I must say, I hadn’t really thought of AB: For your draft legislation, Prime The author—who publishes this piece on condition of anonymity— PM: Yes, isn’t that the essence of democracy? commitment? it quite in those terms, Anonymous Minister. I could try for Wednesday, expresses gratitude, and apologies, to Yes, Prime Minister. AB: But surely it is the responsibility of a wise leader to protect AB: Oh, very easily Prime Minister . . . Bureaucrat. if you wish, sir. Damn the torpedoes. the ordinary voter from making . . . poor choices, Prime PM: Really. AB: Modest to a fault, Prime Minister. Full steam ahead. Scene: It’s morning, and the prime minister is at his desk, reading The Minister. AB: Yes, we simply tell them there is Even I can see that proportional PM: Why the bloody hurry, Anonymous Times when a trusted adviser, Anonymous Bureaucrat, enters. PM: Good choices, bad choices—the will of the people is all that insufficient public consensus to representation would lead to Bureaucrat?! matters. (Turning back to The Times). enable us to move forward and that it numerous parties of diverse AB: Prime Minister? AB: Good morning, Prime Minister, how are we this morning? APS: Yes, but it wouldn’t be practical, Prime Minister. Can you would be irresponsible of us to make persuasions, not one of them likely to PM: It is my considered view that we PM: Fine, thank you, Anonymous Bureaucrat. What can I do for imagine . . . so profound a decision for a country have a majority of seats—including should . . . consider these details a you? PM: My goodness, Anonymous Bureaucrat. (Putting down his so divided. your own—all jostling for power. little more . . . AB: Oh, nothing, sir . . . paper). It could be very refreshing. I daresay, it might shake PM: Well of course there is no consensus; An extraordinary mark of fearless AB: Considerably? PM: Excellent, then, I shall catch-up on my reading . . . things up a bit. we’ve known that all along. It’s leadership, sir. PM: Precisely. This is a matter of great AB: Well, there is one small matter . . . AB: Precisely, Prime Minister, it could be terribly disruptive . . . a complex issue, Anonymous PM: I see . . . but surely the people would historic significance, after all, and I PM: Yes, what is it? (With some annoyance, peaking over the corner and I am sure you would agree that this is not the time for Bureaucrat, and frankly, we’ve done continue to look on our party refuse to be pushed! of his paper) instability . . . nothing—nothing at all—to build a favourably and ensure our return AB: Of course not, sir. AB: Well it is the small matter of electoral reform, Prime Minister. PM: Instability? consensus. in numbers sufficient to govern . . . PM: Remember, Anonymous Bureaucrat, PM: Small matter? (Emphatically puts down his paper). Reforming AB: Oh yes, Prime Minister! The country needs a strong AB: You did instruct your MPs to hold we are the natural governing party, we march to the beat of our own the electoral system stands to change everything! Small leader with a firm grip on the wheel. It’s not time for consultations across the country . . . after all, aren’t we, Anonymous drum . . . matter indeed. experimentation . . . PM: But we knew that had no hope of Bureaucrat? AB: Yes, Prime Minister.

64 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 65 F eature-LOBBYING lobbying-feature

From ‘astroturf’ campaigns and Facebook games, social activism apps and websites that bombard politicians’ voicemail inboxes overnight, the internet is revolutionizing democratic communications in surprising ways.

or 150 years, Canada’s political parties have Michael Edwards, 30, is one of them. He worked to secure power and influence—one leads the digital division of the Ottawa lobby voter at a time. Now, lobbyists and digital shop Sussex Strategy Group; his division is Fmarketing gurus are getting in on the action. named “Adrenaline,” after the company—his The explosion of social media and digital company—that Sussex acquired last year to accessibility has revolutionized the way both shore-up its digital advocacy offerings. politicians and interest groups can recruit Edwards founded Adrenaline in 2014 potential voters to their cause, and experts for while he was running the digital side of hire are helping them to do it. the Ontario Progressive Conservative These web specialists dissect the wealth of Party’s campaign to unseat the Liberals in demographic data gathered and made available a provincial election. Through Adrenaline to advertisers by digital platforms like Facebook, and now Sussex, Edwards has helped to compare it to vulnerable ridings across the design digital campaigns for groups like the country and go to work; using targeted ads, they Canadian Medical Association and Dairy send tailored pitches to voters they think they Farmers of Canada, which aim to influence can enlist to their client’s cause, and begin to government policy on files like health and build a bloc of supporters. international trade, among others.

By Peter Mazereeuw

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online advertisers, including Aber Group, a digital advertising firm that would hire him after the Rossi campaign ended. A former political science student, Edwards says digital design and technology had been a passion of his What I really kind of loved before he started on the Rossi team. “What I really kind of loved about politics and about politics is [that] campaigning is, it’s largely a meritocracy. The more you put in, the quicker you can kind of move up the the more you put in, the ladder, take on bigger projects, get more involved with the campaign, get more involved with the strategy,” he quicker you can kind told P&I. After eight months at Aber Group, Edwards moved of move up the ladder, to Toronto communications firm Navigator, where he built a five-person team to work solely on the digital take on bigger projects, side of communications. In 2013, he took the reins of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party’s digital get more involved with team, overseeing the content, advertising plan, and the website. His job was to maximize the bang the party could the campaign, get more get for every buck it devoted to digital marketing by finding the most responsive audiences, and decide involved with which ads would be the most effective at reaching them. the strategy.” The party’s digital audience grew, but it failed to win government after then-leader Tim Hudak ran on — Michael Edwards a platform that included cutting 100,000 jobs from

Michael Edwards leads the digital division of The CMA, which is running an constituencies for their issue—groups of Sussex Strategy Group. P&I photograph by Peter ongoing campaign for the creation of a voters who will talk about it, spread the Mazereeuw national seniors strategy, isn’t shy about word, and think about it while they are showing off the success of their efforts. A filling-out their ballots. graphic on the DemandAPlan.ca website In the CMA’s case, they may not says the campaign has more than 50,000 have to. The government committed supporters who have sent almost 100,000 earlier this month to tasking an letters to MPs and ministers on the issue. advisory council with studying how to The CMA took the campaign for implement a national seniors strategy. a test-drive in byelections prior to the That followed on the passage in May of 2015 general election, urging supporters a motion in the House calling for such in those ridings to raise it with the a strategy by Liberal MP Marc Serré candidates. It ran the campaign “loud (Nickel Belt, Ont.). and proud” in the national contest that Serré had connected with the CMA brought the Liberals to power, said after they discovered a mutual interest Kristin Smith, the CMA’s director of in the issue, and the CMA promoted his patient and public engagement. efforts to their supporters, prompting The campaign continues, and is more letters of support to flow to MPs building towards the next general and the government. election, says Edwards. The longevity of the CMA campaign Moving up the ladder is what digital marketers like Edwards Edwards worked his way into the hope for. digital marketing world after he left Unlike previous “astroturf” digital university during his final year of STARTING AT... campaigns—a manufactured movement study to volunteer on the 2010 Toronto 2017 Volvo XC90 R-Design $ +HST that appears to be grass roots activism— mayoral campaign of businessman 67,865 * the thousands of form-letters sent in by Rocco Rossi, who would eventually drop CMA supporters are a useful byproduct out of the contest that gave Rob Ford his INCLUDES FREIGHT AND PDI of the campaign, but not its sole purpose. first term in office. Like political parties, the most Edwards handled social media Carling Volvo 1622 Carling Avenue, Ottawa | 613-706-7766 ambitious digital lobbying campaigns and digital design for the campaign, St. Laurent Volvo 1300 Michael Street, Ottawa | 613-706-0374 volvo-ottawa.com are trying to build real, long-term building websites and working with 68 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 69 test.indd 1 17-06-12 11:40 AM fe ature-lobbying lobbying-feature

the public sector, which some pundits argued drew negative attention to his campaign, instead of putting it on the incumbent Liberals. Edwards had already left Navigator to form Adrenaline months earlier, while working on the campaign. This is how it’s done The first step of building a digital lobbying campaign is to figure out who can be won over most easily to the lobbyist’s cause. That begins by conjuring “archetypes” of different types of potential supporters—for example, a seniors strategy could interest people nearing retirement, people who are currently retired, and people caring for older relatives—and looking for any special circumstances that could make the issue more or less Social media platforms relevant to those people in certain parts of the country. give advertisers even The next step is to examine the political landscape, find ridings that more power to target were closely contested in the last election, and focus the campaign on specific people depending reaching the people who fit into the target archetypes in those districts, on their interests, putting pressure on political parties in pick and choose demographics and locations with places where they will be sensitive. precision, and send their message out through a demographics, and Digital marketers help to design platform with millions of active users every day. The different ads to appeal to the different whole process is automated; advertisers can design location, and right now archetypes. Often, they will design and launch their Facebook ad campaign without ever different website landing pages for each speaking to a Facebook employee. Facebook is the best of group as well, so anyone who clicks on an ad will be taken to a webpage Ex-PMO staff branch out the bunch, say lobbyists on the issue geared specifically to Digital and social media gurus are becoming more how it affects or interests them. It’s common in lobbying and public relations shops in and digital marketers. not uncommon for campaigns to Canada. Most firms now offer some sort of social media create hundreds of landing pages for communications service, though some have more a single issue, taking into account technical expertise than others. different target groups, as well as all Hill+Knowlton Strategies Canada advertises work it of the different search terms voters or did helping the Public Health Agency of Canada to boost consumers could use to find it. its Facebook following and launch a YouTube channel. Next, they bring their research and Navigator, Edwards’ old firm, employs Joseph Lavoie ad material to web platforms that track to help guide its digital marketing work. the activity of their users and put it up Lavoie has a history of putting his skills to use in for sale to advertisers. Interest groups the political realm; he managed the digital side of the can buy search ads, which put a link 2011 Ontario Progressive Conservative pre-election to their ad or website as the top search campaign, including the creation of a Facebook game result for people who search certain designed to get couch-bound “slacktivists” pounding terms, or ads on mobile applications. the pavement as PC door-knockers, or at least Social media platforms give spreading the party gospel. Players were assigned tasks, advertisers even more power to target starting with something as simple as “liking” a PC specific people depending on their Facebook page, and increasing in difficulty up to door interests, demographics, and location, knocking or volunteering for a candidate. They earned and right now Facebook is the best of points and badges, and competed against each other for the bunch, say lobbyists and digital bragging rights. marketers. Facebook lets advertisers

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The Canadian Medical Association is and raise small amounts of money from an volunteering for the Democratic Party— registered to lobby the federal government unprecedented number of donors. and found an unexploited niche in digital for a national seniors strategy, though Donald Trump’s presidential lobbying: voicemail. Edwards and Sussex Strategy—which campaign included a massive social media Koren says that aides told them handles the technical side of the component as well, with reports of a budget that receiving emailed form letters and campaign—are not. in the tens-of-millions each month, and petitions is an unremarkable event in a Edwards said it still wasn’t clear how an aggressive effort to deliver negative ads Congressional office, but being swamped the lobbying act applied to the work that about opponent Hillary Clinton to black with calls can get elected officials worried. he does for clients like the CMA, which voters—thought to be a key constituency The pair designed LobbyForMe doesn’t involve traditional government for her—through Facebook and Instagram. to record voice messages from people relations or communicating with public That election, in turn, spurred a group participating in advocacy campaigns that office holders. He said more thought should of unlikely lobbyists to bring the power to are registered through the website, and, be devoted to whether building support the people. based on the participant’s postal codes, for an issue among members of the public Ben Koren—a former financial match those messages to the corresponding ought to be classified in the same way as a analyst-turned founder of an online photo Congressional representative. lobbyist walking into a government office framing company—and Todd O’Brien—the LobbyForMe autodials the politician’s to say, “this is what we want.” technology director for online eyeglass office at night, and plays the recorded retailer Warby Parker—joined forces to message as a voicemail when no one picks Obama campaign help found LobbyForMe, a digital tool that up. The goal is to have aides come in the paved the way makes it easier for activists to start and next morning to find the office voicemail The use of digital marketing in Canadian spread effective advocacy campaigns. box full of personal messages, all unique, lobbying, politics, and advocacy is only a The two men were dispirited by the calling for action on the same subject. shadow of the work being done south of the outcome of the 2016 campaign, and a The website for the digital advocacy border. Many in the field point to the 2008 feeling that many in the United States group quotes Thomas Jefferson when he said Barack Obama presidential campaign as felt their government only represented “government is the strongest of which every Photograph courtesy of the White House by Lawrence Jackson the point where the practice came into its those with money, Koren told P&I. man feels himself a part.” It goes on to say own; the campaign used Facebook and other They interviewed Congressional aides— that LobbyForMe helps to “give the people a Lavoie also worked in the Stephen Perennial is currently rolling out an social media platforms to spread its message Koren says he has years of experience greater voice in our democracy.” Harper PMO as director of strategic application called Udara, which allows communications up until summer 2015, and users to join advocacy campaigns and for then-foreign minister John Baird before compete to accomplish tasks and earn that. As a former public office holder, he is points, a more sophisticated take on the under a five-year ban from lobbying, and he concept behind Lavoie’s Facebook game for says he currently only works on campaigns Facebook lets the Ontario PCs. The application matches for corporate clients who aren’t trying to participants’ skills and interests to causes change government policy. advertisers pick and campaign tasks to ensure they feel Lavoie says he takes a “political engaged and useful, and are making a approach,” advising corporate clients to try and choose tangible contribution. to build up their own database of advocates among the general public, who can lend demographics L obbying watchdog support if and when necessary. takes notice One of his former colleagues in PMO and locations The growth in digital lobbying communications, Farhaan Ladhani, has campaigns has the attention of Canada’s taken a different path post-election, with precision, lobbying commissioner, Karen Shepherd, building a tech startup, Perennial, which who is responsible for keeping the aims to make it easier for members of the and send their industry’s activities in plain sight of the public to build social movements through public. their digital devices. message out Last summer, Shepherd issued an His partner in Perennial is Ben interpretive bulletin to lobbyists and the Rowswell, who works a day job as Canada’s through a public, making clear that, as far as she was ambassador to Venezuela. The two worked concerned, Canada’s Lobbying Act applied together in 2010-2011 on a project that platform with to grassroots communications as well, and connected Egyptian pro-democracy that “paid lobbyists involved in grassroots activists with tech wizards in Silicon Valley, millions of active communication campaigns may be and then in 2012-2013 on the federal required to register even if their activities government’s Direct Diplomacy project, users every day. do not include direct communication with an encrypted, online forum where citizens public office holders.” The bulletin lists in Iran could talk with each other and social media tools and websites under its Canadian diplomatic agents without being definition of grassroots communications, watched by Iranian authorities. specifically naming Facebook and Twitter.

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transparently it tells history, and”—he says In preparing for the project, the with emphasis—“who it involves.” Museum held cross-country consultations In order to tell a story that is truly with more than 24,000 Canadians from national, the museum has relied on a series nine different cities, explains O’Neill. These of partners; some well-established, and town halls were held in a variety of different some new. spaces, from schools to shopping malls. The completely revamped space was The museum also relied on the advice, brought to life by Douglas Cardinal, the insight and perspectives of six advisory highly regarded architect from Calgary who committees: a general committee, a designed the original Museum of History’s women’s history committee, an indigenous iconic rippled building, constructed history committee and three time-period between 1989 and 1999. committees comprised of historians. And, not unlike other relationships After one year of consulting with throughout Canadian history, this one these committees and gathering data, The Canadian History Museum required making some amends. Mark O’Neill. P&I photograph by Ally Foster the museum condensed them into two “He did not have a relationship with panels, which continued to give advice this museum for a number of years, for throughout the Hall’s completion—a unveils its new depiction of a variety of reasons, but we invited him can live side-by-side; they can live in general committee, which included history back in,” O’Neill tells P&I. “[Cardinal] is conflict, they can live in isolation, but that experts and members from the original 82-years-old now. He’s been working with notion of multiple perspectives and just women’s history committee—as well as an us for four years, and he sees this as the laying-out the evidence is at the root of indigenous committee. culmination of his architectural vision for everything in the Hall.” “They were involved with everything; the museum.” The new exhibit is an ambitious from concept, to storyline, to text-writing, He adds: “We could have never done undertaking, covering 15,000 years of to artifact selection,” says Leblanc. canada’s this without him.” human life on the Canadian territory. It begins with the arrival of the First Peoples 15,000 years of human A national story with on the land, and culminates, in part, with history many perspectives the recent arrival of Syrian refugees. When first entering the hall, visitors The new space is not only physically This is a stark contrast to the previous are led down a striking corridor, brightly overhauled, but the story it communicates version of the exhibit, the storyline of illuminated with warm light that reflects is also veyr different than the one in the which began with the arrival of Europeans off 101 etched mirrors portraying scenes of Hall’s earlier form. on Canada’s coastlines. Canadian culture. story “History is something that is national. “We also have this notion that history These illustrations show symbols We look at Canada’s story as whole—it’s is still around us; it’s something that’s of Canadian identity, culture, and a national story—but it’s made up of lots unfinished, that’s unfolding,” adds Leblanc. communities and are based on feedback —all 15,000 years of it. of individual ones,” notes Lisa Leblanc, “Canada is not a finished chapter—we don’t from Canadians who were asked where the History Museum’s director of creative know what will happen tomorrow, but it’s they see Canadian history in their day-to- development, while standing at the that notion of saying: ‘You, visitor, coming day lives. entrance to the Hall. in here, you are a part of this.’” The reflective surface, once again, is “It’s made up of a variety of things—like And in addition to Canadians’ symbolic meant to remind the viewer that they, too, conflict-struggle-loss, and accomplishment involvement, the general population also play a role in forming Canada’s history. and hope—and those different perspectives played a tangible part in the Hall’s creation. The next stop in the hall is a cavernous Modernizing the Canadian History Hall has been a foyer, with a massive, 15.5 x 9.5-metre satellite image of the Canadian land mass, massive, $30-million, five-year undertaking with as viewed from space, installed on the floor in full-colour. innumerable perspectives and voices to consider. The image—which is actually 121 satellite photos of the territory overlapped and stitched together—was taken by the By ALLY FOSTER Canadian Space Agency over the course of the month of May in 2013. “It’s not a map that politically resenting a nation’s history is tricky the federally funded institution could do standing in the grand centre foyer of the demarcates political borders and Pbusiness, says Mark O’Neill. He would a better job of telling Canada’s collective new, $30-million dollar exhibit. Curators territories,” notes O’Neill. “It’s simply know. story. and construction workers dart around Canada. The land mass known as Canada.” In 2011, after 10 years as an employee “It has to be based on the historical him, putting the final touches on his 40,000 He adds: not even the great elephant to at the Canadian Museum of History— record. It has to be authentic. It has to sq. ft.-dream in anticipation of its grand the south of Canada’s border is indicated in then known as the Canadian Museum be artifact-rich. It has to be a compelling opening on Canada Day. The entrance hallway to the Canadian History any way. of Civilization—O’Neill campaigned for story, and we have to involve Canadians in “It’s a dramatic departure in terms of Hall. P&I photograph by Ally Foster The History Hall exhibit is split into the position of CEO on an assertion that developing it,” he recalls now, six years later, this museum and how inclusively and how three galleries, which roughly represent

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three chronological stories of Canada’s The gallery also boasts some treasured acquisitions, such as the There are some significant pieces on display—everything 15,000-year relationship with human beings. The exhibit uses theatrical lighting, clean design principles gun that was allegedly used to shoot Thomas D’Arcy McGee, the from the table on which the Constitution Act, 1982, was signed by Gallery one takes visitors through the and bright colours with pieces that can be interacted-with and handcuffs that were fastened to the wrists of Louis Riel, as well as Queen Elizabeth II; to the sewing machine used by Joan O’Malley earliest signs of life on Canada’s territory touched. P&I photograph by Ally Foster the robes of the judge who ordered the hanging of the Métis leader. to piece-together the first Canadian flag prototype; to Canadian up until 1763. Gallery two illustrates the The second gallery also portrays Sir. John A. Macdonald’s National rock icon Randy Bachman’s guitar. years from 1763-1914. Gallery three tells Policy, and the expansion of the West—a section that O’Neill suspects And there are darker elements to this chapter of Canada’s story the story of Canada in the 20th and 21st will be the most “paradigm-shifting for people to go through.” too, which are also prominently displayed. centuries, from 1914 to present. “Many of our consultations with First Nations groups [showed Leblanc explains that as the museum’s that] they are so proud and adamant about this sense of resilience, team began to plot each gallery, they and perseverance, and agency,” says Leblanc. applied six guiding principles, formed from “It isn’t just a question of victimhood, but also giving the various advice gained by consultations with context. So, what was the Indian Act? What were some of the Canadians and the advisory committees. restrictions? What did it mean about their cultural identity and Guiding principle number one: each story oppression? What did it mean about colonization in the North, and or element in the History Hall must have a how it changed communities completely?” national narrative, meaning it had to have a There is a large section on the residential schools, including lasting affect on the country, and the population videos that give first-person narratives from survivors of and as a whole. For example, while the tragic Halifax witnesses to the residential school system. explosion was certainly an important moment As the final gallery winds to a close, it features stories like the in Canadian history, it did not have long-lasting Meech Lake Accord, language debates, and the emerging rights for repercussions for the entire population or the those with physical disabilities and those who identify as LGBTQ. development of the country. A dramatic departure “We worked with the communities Louis Riel’s handcuffs. P&I photograph by Ally Foster There is a section about the empathy shown and welcoming arms Number two: each element must for the museum directly when we’ve spoken about their extended by Canadians to Syrian refugee families in recent years. include multiple perspectives, and number The first gallery focuses largely on communities specifically,” notes Leblanc. Lastly, there are screens which will display messages left by three, must focus on the human experience Canada’s First Peoples, their way of life, “We had the indigenous advisory committee “When we were in school, we had a very, very particular visitors to the exhibit, who will all be asked to share their thoughts of that development. their creation stories, and their adaptation which helped us with the broad narrative, and biased education with the National Policy…there was no about what could—and should—be done to further develop the Number four: the presentations in the to different environments. The exhibit uses but whenever we speak about a specific discussion about the displacement of indigenous communities; country and the people known as Canada. gallery must touch on the idea of legacy, theatrical lighting, clean design principles community, we’d work with that community.” there was no discussion of the Chinese workers who built the meaning that the specific story must have and bright colours with pieces that can be The gallery eventually transitions into a rail; there was no discussion of the racism and, essentially, continued influence. interacted-with and touched. much darker section, which Chantal Amyot, imprisonment of people on the reserves. These are issues that are Number five: each gallery has an “This is a dramatic departure… the very the director of the Canadian History Hall, explored in great detail here,” says O’Neill, adding that he expects emphasis placed on visitor participation, first people you encounter in this Hall are explains as illustrating “the consequence of some visitors to “be a little bit disturbed about what they learn.” with efforts made to offer the viewer ways indigenous people, telling you their creation the arrival of the Europeans: trade, disease, He points to a large quote from Sir. John A. Macdonald displayed of interacting with the exhibit. stories in their own voices…this did not war,” as well as resiliency and adaptation. on the wall of the exhibit: “We cannot allow them to die for want of And, number six: authenticity. The exhibit exist in this museum before,” says O’Neill, The story transitions into developments food…[We] are doing all [we] can, by refusing food until the Indians uses “very few reproductions,” says Leblanc, motioning to a large projection screen such as the formation of New France, are on the verge of starvation, to reduce the expense.” who adds that if a piece on display is a that features a beautifully animated film, entrepreneurship, the fur trade, and the O’Neill hesitates near the quote and says, “There is no other reproduction, it will be made very clear that it illustrated and narrated by the Anishinaabe, Battle of the Plains of Abraham. exhibit as comprehensive and as transparent, and with the multiple is such, and will explain why it had to be used. telling the group’s creation story. The exhibit’s second gallery looks at perspectives that this one has.” Colonial Canada; all of the infrastructure growth that came with British rule and how An unfinished story the British negotiated relationships with The third and final gallery of Canada’s History Hall was “the An animated video telling the Anishinaabe both indigenous peoples and the French. creation story. P&I photograph by Ally Foster most challenging” to create, says Leblanc. “Everybody feels like The gallery tells the stories of the they know this story, and everybody expects to see what they think population explosion, the ingenuity required should be in here,” she adds, explaining that feathers are bound to to create new communities and institutions, be ruffled when you’re portraying events from living memory. as well as the displacement—and even “There’s definitely going to be community groups who will come extinction—of First Nations groups as a result. in and say, ‘we used to be so well-represented in the Canada Hall, and One display shows a map of Canada now we’re not.’ I’m sure that we’ll have those conversations after we that portrays the displacement of open—we’ve had a lot of them before, as well,” adds Leblanc. indigenous groups, and indicates where “But we know that this is an unfinished story, so those the various land claims are in the country, perceptions are important for us. We’ve been listening for four or and at what stage of settlement they are five years now—listening to everybody—and making decisions currently in. based on those conversations, but those conversations don’t end “We think this is the first time that and the listening doesn’t end after we open.” a map in this sort of transparency and The gallery of Canada’s 20th and 21st centuries tell the overarching honesty has been presented anywhere in a geopolitical story of how Canada became independent and prosperous. museum,” says O’Neill. “If you look at the This portion of the Hall, which is bright, open, and filled with Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .ai Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .ai legend, it talks about the actual treaties— plenty of natural light, touches on both World Wars, the baby the ones that are contested, even.” boom, and the introduction of teen culture and childhood leisure.

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minister of the interior, who was also then the superintendent-general of Indian affairs; the minister of inland revenue; the secretary of state for the provinces; or the secretary of state for Canada, for example. “John A. Macdonald’s cabinets had the instruments of nation-building represented,” says Kerby. Today, there are 34 cabinet titles held What’s in a name? by 30 ministers, including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who is also the minister for Youth and for Intergovernmental Affairs. a look at cabinet changes Veterans Affairs Minister Kent Hehr is also the associate Defence minister, and Government House Leader Bardish since confederation Chagger is also the Small Business and Tourism minister. Marie-Claude Bibeau also has a dual role as the minister of International Canada’s first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. Photograph courtesy of George Development and La Francophonie. Lancefield Beyond the many ministerial monikers used over successive governments there have been further changes, which have similarly reflected shifting priorities. Throughout Canadian history, Various federal agencies and branches ministries have changed names for of bureaucracy have been made the two main reasons, says Dutil. First, the responsibility of different ministers; political, to indicate that the government departments previously given their own is addressing a particular issue or need; seat at the cabinet table have come under and second, for administrative reasons, the responsibility of others; and federal to organize the government based on its agencies under larger departments have mandate. been made the sole focus of a minister, or a “You have the introduction of new minister of state. portfolios and new ministries that really reflect changes in society, but also in the international environment that Canada is reacting to,” says Matthew Kerby, a Canadian academic who specializes in politics and international relations. Of the 15 cabinet titles that existed upon Confederation in 1867, only two remain identical in name today: the minister of Finance and the minister of Justice and Attorney General. By Laura Ryckewaert Another, minister of Agriculture, is near The Fathers of Confederation pictured on this identical—with Agri-Food having been stamp which commemorates Canada’s 50th tacked-on in 1995 after the establishment anniversary. Photograph courtesy of the Canadian of an Agri-Food Innovation Fund. government t’s a Shakespearean question oft-mulled throughout the ages, Others still exist as part of a larger and when it comes to the various stylings of the Canadian portfolio overseen by a different minister, Back in 1867, for example, the cabinet, behind the many ministerial monikers and match- like the receiver general for Canada, now postmaster general, responsible for Canada Iups are insights into the history and growth of our country. under the responsibility of the minister for Post, had a seat in cabinet. That lasted until “The story here is it’s an evolution of a country and the growth Public Services and Procurement—which 1981, when the old post office department of the welfare state,” says Memorial University Professor Alex itself was known as the minister for public was abolished and instead made a crown Marland. works and government services up until corporation under the responsibility of Ministry name changes are “telling of how the government 2015. the minister of Transport—a role which sees the changes happening in the country,” says Ryerson With the Dominion of Canada newly had itself been added to cabinet in 1936, University Professor Patrice Dutil. “It reflects how government formed in 1867, after much negotiation absorbing the responsibilities of the old has changed. It reflects to a certain degree how Canada has and opposition, a number of ministries ministers of marine, and of railways and changed,” he says. had an inward focus. There was the canals.

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then-prime minister Louis St-Laurent— restyled as the minister of citizenship and immigration. In 1966, that portfolio becomes the minister of manpower and immigration, and a decade later, of employment and immigration. A minister of multiculturalism and citizenship pops up in 1991, although a few years later, responsibility for immigration was returned to the reconstituted minister of citizenship and immigration. Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland, From left: Cabinet meetings circa 1930 and 1953. Photograph courtesy of Library and Archives Employment, Workforce Development and Labour Employment, meanwhile, was Canada and Chris Lund Minister Patty Hajdu, Status of Women Minister eventually taken over by a new minister of Maryam Monsef, International Trade Minister François- human resources and skills development Philippe Champagne, Democratic Institutions Minister in 1996—responsibilities today overseen Karina Gould, and Immigration Minister Ahmed by the minister of Employment, Workforce Hussen. P&I photograph by Jake Wright Development, and Labour. Tying portfolios together reflects a Ahead of this change to Canada’s postal “[Prime Ministers] are the final arbiters desire by the government to connect service—during the 1970s—major strikes of what is going to be created, and I issues, for example, “that immigration had rocked the Post Office, prompting the think that inevitably, those bureaucratic leads to citizenship, and that it’s proper interior. In 2011, it was renamed aboriginal Making changes to ministry titles and government to revamp its set-up. organizations and the labels that they for a bureaucracy to be dealing with both affairs and northern development. structures requires “an awful lot of work,” “Canada Post became an agency of the wear are indicative of the priorities of the issues—there’s an idealism embedded in According to Kerby, one of the most says Dutil, from amendments to legislation, government, more arm’s length, so that prime minister,” says Dutil, author of Prime that,” says Dutil. significant changes to ministerial monikers to administrative adjustments, to new Over the years every labour dispute was not brought to the Ministerial Power in Canada: Its Origins The minister of Indigenous and over Canada’s history was former Liberal business cards and the like. floor of the House,” says Dutil. under Macdonald, Laurier and Borden. Northern Affairs, as it’s been called prime minister Jean Chrétien’s decision to While changes in government have there has been The current minister of Innovation, Some cabinet offices have, in particular, since 2015, is another title that’s seen name a minister of Foreign Affairs in 1993. long prompted ministerial name changes, Science and Economic Development, been subject to many re-brandings over the multiple revamps. A separate minister The decision to shed the ‘external Marland says these changes now seem an evolution, and around since 2015, is responsible for 17 years. responsible for indian affairs and affairs’ brand carried “real political increasingly motivated by branding. different federal departments and agencies, Known as the minister for Immigration, northern development wasn’t created until meaning,” says Kerby, as it had been styled “There’s a greater relationship between diversification, of a number of which—like the department Refugees, and Citizenship since 2015, the 1966—with that branch of bureaucracy as such before then because, as Canada’s buzzwords that would play well in elections who holds cabinet of Industry or the regional economic portfolio has undergone many a name previously overseen by the minister part of the commonwealth, Britain was not and that would have gone through focus development agencies—previously had change and re-organization since a minister of mines and resources (since 1936), a foreign government. The change, he says, groups and opinion polls … which roles; from the distinct places in cabinet. of colonization and immigration was first and later in 1950, by the minister for reflected the “pillars of Canadian foreign then find their way into the language of Or there’s the example of the minister for created in 1917. citizenship and immigration. policy that Chrétien was trying to promote” ministerial portfolios, whereas years ago it all-white, all-male Status of Women, first named in 1971— a In 1936, its bureaucracy was swallowed- At Confederation, there was a to Canadians. would have been much more bureaucratic special appointment then-given to Liberal Bob up by the then-minister of mines and superintendent-general of indian affairs—a “What you see going on here is a real and functional and the order of business,” cabinet of 1867, to Andras, who was also minister of state for urban resources, and it didn’t re-emerge as a role held by the secretary of state for break in Canada’s image of itself and with he says. the gender-equal, affairs—following the Royal Commission on distinct cabinet role until 1950—under Canada and later, by the minister of the respect to its colonial and commonwealth Beyond the various names and cabinet the Status of Women the year prior. heritage,” he says. “This was a really portfolio compositions over the years has ethnically diverse Later made a secretary of state position important name change that both served been an evolution, and diversification, of during the Chrétien government, it became branding purposes, but was also a who holds them; from the all-white, all- cabinet of today. a minister of state role in 2003, combined reflection of Canada’s expanded role in male cabinet of 1867, to the gender-equal, with Multiculturalism. Now styled as a Governor General terms of foreign affairs.” ethnically diverse cabinet of today. full minister, its bureaucracy nonetheless David Johnston, Immigration Minister remains an agency under the department of Ahmed Hussen, Canadian Heritage. and Prime Minister Departments have existed without a Justin Trudeau. P&I specific cabinet office; and ministers have photograph by Jake existed without specific departments—all Wright part of the shuffling of the cabinet deck. “In part, the expansion and retraction of portfolios is also a reflection of internal party politics and parliamentary politics as well,” says Kerby. Federal departments and agencies are born out of legislation, but the formation and stylings of the federal cabinet is at the prime minister’s discretion.

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The history of Canada, until 1912 was overseen by the secretary as told by cabinet of state for Canada, though Dutil notes Changes to the roster of cabinet titles the prime minister had always “de facto” were generally few and far between before You have the controlled the file. the Laurier government came to power in During WWI, Borden adds a number 1896. introduction of of new offices to his cabinet, starting with Under Sir Wilfrid Laurier, three new a solicitor general of Canada (1915), who cabinet postings were set up, most notably new portfolios and supported the minister of Justice and, in the minister of labour in 1909, coming new ministries time, came to be responsible for the RCMP. almost a decade after a department of By 2003, post-9/11, it had morphed into the labour was created in 1900, until then that really reflect minister for Public Safety and Emergency overseen by the postmaster general. Preparedness. “There’s a whole succession of events, changes in society, A minister of the overseas military namely a bunch of strikes out West that got forces was appointed in 1916, and the very nasty, and there was a great demand but also in the next year, a minister for immigration and for the government to get involved,” says international colonization is named. While immigration Dutil. “Laurier decided to create a ministry was limited through the war, there was of labour because he wanted to show environment anticipation it would spike post-war, and that his government cared about labour that soldiers returning home would be conditions and wanted to do something that Canada is interested in farmland in western Canada, about it.” says Dutil. In 1912, under Sir Robert Borden, the reacting to.” Around the war’s end, in 1918, a minister of soldiers’ civil re-establishment role of secretary of state for external affairs — Matthew Kerby was created, first held by the prime minister is appointed. ex officio. The department of external affairs “The government had to show that it had been created in 1909—20 years after cared about veterans, it had to demonstrate a trade department was established—and that it was creating a bureaucracy,” says Dutil.

Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his gender-equal cabinet pictured on swearing-in day on Nov. 4, 2015 at Rideau Hall. P&I photograph The Privy Council by Jake Wright Chamber, where cabinet met for roughly 100 years. Photograph courtesy of Significantly, during WWI, the oversight for health from the department social welfare state in Canada,” says Kerby. the Privy Council Office federal government created the not-so- of agriculture happening amid the “The expansion of portfolios at this time temporary corporate and income taxes to global Spanish influenza epidemic—but reflects the expansion of the Canadian help fund war efforts. These new streams had previously been overseen by other state.” of federal revenue contributed to the ministers, starting with the president of the A federal minister of industry first growth of government, its role in the Privy Council and ending with the minister pops up in 1963—preceded by the minister lives of Canadians, and the evolution of a for soldiers’ civil re-establishment. of consumer and corporate affairs—later “social safety net” and “welfare state,” says By 1944, a minister of national health getting grouped with trade and commerce Marland. and welfare is named—at the same time in 1969, and with science and technology In turn, a minister of national revenue is a separate minister of Veterans Affairs is in 1990. The role is once again restored as named to cabinet in 1927, in part replacing appointed—and which, in 1996, became simply the minister of industry in 1995 up the old minister of customs and excise, the minister of Health, as we know it today. until 2015, when the industry department which itself had replaced the re-emerged, Between the world wars, in 1923, a is swept-up in the portfolio of the minister combined role of minister of customs and minister of National Defence is appointed, of Innovation, Science and Economic inland revenue in 1921. absorbing the roles of the ministers of naval Development. A minister of International “The size of government and the role services and of militia and defence. Trade isn’t named until 1983. of government in peoples lives was very A slate of new, war-focused cabinet The 1960s and 70s are in general a time different in WWI than it is 100 years later,” offices are created during WWII, only two of much change. Under the first Trudeau says Marland. of which—minister of Veterans Affairs and government, there was the creation of the In 1928, a minister of pensions and associate minister of National Defence— leader of the government in the Senate, a national health is named, in part absorbing remain today, although the latter has faded minister for Status of Women, a minister the role of the minister of soldiers’ civil re- in and out over the years. of state for urban affairs (ultimately lasting establishment. “An important change that occurs is eight years), a minister of state for science A separate federal department of with the Second World War and the post- and technology, and a new department and health had already been created in law in Second World War period, because it’s at corresponding minister of environment are 1919—with the separation of bureaucratic this point that you see the evolution of the created.

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During the 1980s, regional economic Governor General agencies are also boosted in prominence, David Johnston, The new version of with a minister responsible for the Foreign Affairs Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Minister Chrystia Freeland, and and a minister of Western Economic Prime Minister Diversification both appointed in 1988. Justin Trudeau. P&I Another notable year was 1996, when photograph by Jake a minister of Canadian Heritage was Wright named—in part absorbing the remaining responsibilities of the secretary of state for Canada, as well as of the old minister of communications and the multiculturalism file. has just rolled out. A minister of human resources development is also named that year, and a minister for international cooperation, now known as minister for International Development (2015). The International Development file had before that been overseen by the minister for external relations. New features:

Sleek, new user-friendly design. The only telecom/media publication reporting Comparing our past and present directly from Parliament Hill. The most comprehensive CRTC coverage in Canada. A great deal has changed in Canada since its Confederation 150 years ago, including the size, scope, titles, and diverse composition of the federal cabinet. Media Production News: a new round-up of the week’s news affecting broadcast, digital and The Dominion Cabinet, 1867: The Trudeau Cabinet, 2017: interactive media. • Minister of Agriculture • Associate Defence Minister, Minister of Economic Development • Minister of Customs Veterans Affairs • Minister of International Development • Minister of Finance • Leader of the Government in the House, and La Francophonie • Minister of Inland Revenue Minister of Small Business and Tourism • Minister of International Trade • Minister of Justice and • Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food • Minister of Justice and Attorney General Attorney General • Minister of Canadian Heritage (also • Minister of National Defence • Minister of Marine and Fisheries responsible for Official Languages, • Minister of National Revenue • Minister of Militia and Defence Multiculturalism) • Minister of Natural Resources • Minister of Public Works • Minister of Democratic Institutions • Minister of Public Safety and • Minister of the Interior • Minister of Employment, Workforce Emergency Preparedness • Postmaster General Development and Labour • Minister of Public Services • President of the Privy Council • Minister of Families, Children and Procurement • Prime Minister and Social Development • Minister of Science • Receiver General • Minister of Finance • Minister of Sport and Persons • Secretary of State for the Provinces • Minister of Fisheries, Oceans with Disabilities Covering business and government • Secretary of State of Canada and the Canadian Coast Guard • Minister of Status of Women • Superintendent-General • Minister of Foreign Affairs • Minister of the Environment and of Indian Affairs • Minister of Health Climate Change for Canadian telecom and media. • Minister of Immigration, • Minister of Transport Refugees, and Citizenship • President of the Treasury Board • Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs • Prime Minister, Minister of Youth, Log in today: wirereport.ca • Minister of Infrastructure and Communities Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs • Minister of Innovation, Science, and —compiled by Laura Ryckewaert For more information contact Mark: 613 688 8821 84 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Photograph courtesy of Country Syle’s Facebook page

fe ature-culture

Thanks to the invention of the automatic Photograph courtesy of the Bread Monk Blog donut-making machine, and a hunger for sweet treats from returning soldiers, donuts soared in popularity in Canada. Country Style Donuts Photograph courtesy of George M. Richards opened its first store in 1963.

n a country that has a lot of difficulty a full-fledged facility opened up in Trenton, “The advertisement was obviously narrowing down a national food, the Ont., and later in Montreal, Penfold says. placed for a specific, and local, commercial donut is one of a few that has shaped Levitt even sold his machines to mom- purpose – to attract consumers to a new ICanadian identity since its arrival in the and-pop shops so they could make more business in the area – but it did more than Great White North more than 80 years ago. standard and perfect-looking donuts. enumerate the many exciting features of Commercial donuts as we now know The company had essentially perfected one particular donut shop,” Penfold writes. them started in the United States when Adolf bulk production and its process; something “In a rudimentary way, it articulated Levitt, owner of Doughnut Corporation many manufacturers at the time were many of the core ingredients of postwar of America, opened his chain of donut trying to accomplish. consumer culture, bringing together shops in 1916 and invented an automatic “CDC and its American parent shared automobile convenience, consistent donut-making machine “to keep up with the one of the quintessential capitalist dream of quality across space, and a tremendous demand” of World War I soldiers returning the 20th century: to transform production in variety of tastes.” Canadian identity is... home wanting the sweet treat, University of small batches into specialized, mechanized, Who knew that this tasty mass Toronto Professor Steve Penfold writes in his and standardized processes,” says Penfold. consumer product would evolve into book The Donut: A Canadian History. The first Canadian-owned commercial something identifiably Canadian? Levitt ended up sending the machine to chain of donut shops opened in Toronto, From 1930 until a few years after one shop in Canada in 1920s, and in 1935 Ont. by Country Style Donuts (now Country Style Donuts was established, sent one of his employees to establish a known as Country Style) in 1963 with the donut was predominantly pushed to donut shaped? Canadian division of DCA called Canadian more than 50 varieties of donut available, consumers as a trendy food and was heavily Doughnut Company. About two years later says Vito Curali, senior marketing promoted as something to be eaten during manager at MYT Group hired by Country holidays “tying the product to the modern Style, in an email to P&I. festival calendar,” says Penfold. By shruti shekar According to Penfold, Country Style “Ads featured Santa Claus eating Donuts opened a large donut shop in donuts, and lengthy pamphlets gave 1966 in Oakville, Ont., located west of detailed instructions on how to run How a humble sweet treat seized post-war consumer Toronto, and advertised the location Halloween, birthday, and Christmas to customers as a place to buy a parties that included donuts as fun and culture, becoming a social unifier for all Canadians. wide variety of donut. food.”

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DoughNats, a Montreal-based bakery, has named one of its donuts ‘Tru- doh,” after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Larger commercial chains like Country Style have also adapted to cater to the 2017 generation of donut eaters, Curali adds. “Donuts have been presented in a variety of ways to address the ever- changing needs of Canadians,” Curali says. “Recently Country Style …placed This makes sense as a surge of the donut on-top of a beverage to immigration in Canada took place in provide consumers with an Instagram- the early 1960s, with close to 300,000 worthy masterpiece.” immigrants coming into the country, Curali adds that over the years, according to Statistics Canada. This was donut shops have evolved to serving around the same time Country Style more than just donuts. and Tim Hortons were established. “Donut locations no longer just Mihalache explains many of the focus on donuts. At the beginning earlier Tim Hortons commercials the operation was mainly focused on sometimes included a Chinese providing donuts [and] coffee was immigrant learning the Canadian not the main item consumed,” he experience and the “ritual of becoming says, adding that now donut shops Former U.S. ambassador to Canada David Jacobson at a Tim Hortons in Canadian by learning how to eat the are found on almost every corner, Afghanistan. Photograph courtesy of United States Department of State donut and learning the language of the becoming a “symbol of Canadian double double.” culture” that has helped us “celebrate “Tim Hortons is the reason why I our Canadian heritage.” would say we think about the donut as Mihalache notes that there are also This promotion still exists today. June 2 was coined ‘National Donut quintessentially Canadian,” Mihalache people who participate in foodie- Day,’ and to encourage people to celebrate, Twitter Canada polled which said. “It’s very much attached to that culture who will likely go to stores that donut Canadians think is the best. The result was a 27 per cent vote tie consumer culture that was developed offer the opportunity to partake in a between the old fashioned and Boston cream. around Tim Hortons as kind of a unique experience. community space. A space where “This particular group of gourmet Continuous identity shaper everybody is welcomed [and] it’s part donut shops has a different reach and Penfold adds that donut culture really came into fruition in Canada of your everyday routine.” different discourse,” she says. “People when former hockey player Tim Horton partnered with local donut Soon after Tim Hortons took over, who go to SuzyQ don’t necessarily go to salesman Jim Charade. Charade “began to think that celebrity might be an Mihalache adds that the donut itself Tim Hortons.” effective marketing tool,” and opened up Tim Horton Donuts in 1963. evolved to adapt to consumer culture, Mihalache adds that despite this, for Irina D. Mihalache, culinary historian and professor at University of especially with the arrival of the ‘foodie’ Canada, a country that has had a lot of Toronto, also indicates that the donut as a national Canadian identifier culture post-1980. difficulty narrowing down a national didn’t come until later. She adds that even if the donut were dubbed a “The donut has been one of those food, the donut will remain a staple national dish, such an identity factor “means different things to different foods that has been kind of [copped] and Canadians have always been very p e op l e .” by the foodie culture to be gourmet- committed to maintaining it. “In Canada, the donut is very much associated with specific brands fied,” Mihalache says. “It’s a trend that’s “Canada is one of those countries specifically Tim Hortons,” Mihalache says. “The iconicity of the donut as been promoted and constructed by the that has struggled and continues to a national dish in Canada has come much much later in the history of the restaurant culture, by people who want struggle to identify a national cuisine,” donut itself.” to see this happen. If you think about Mihalache says. “It’s very different She says the arrival of the donut is very different in Canada unlike in the perspective from Tim Hortons… from France or Germany where the U.S. where it originated as a story of Dutch immigrants coming to New it continues to construct itself as a French food, I can say exactly what England (the northeastern region of the U.S.) and developing the food due Canadian brand and even with Canada it is. With Canada when you have a to the availability of ingredients like pig fat, sugar, salt and flour. 150 they have their Canadian donut.” country that doesn’t have a very clear For Mihalache, the narrative of the donut in Canada is more about a Other brands like SuzyQ narrative, it is going to hold onto a continuous identity shaper. Doughnuts, a gourmet-style donut shop few dishes like the butter tart, the From top: Photograph courtesy of Tim Hortons’ “Rather than [the donut] being a history of the making of the nation in located in Ottawa, creates special and donut, poutine…there’s a couple of Facebook page, photograph courtesy of Michael Gil, and the past, the donut in Canada is a history of continuously making Canada, different donuts that are what many in dishes that are going to be preserved From top: Photographs courtesy of SuzyQ photographs courtesy of Tim Hortons’ Facebook page. by welcoming new people into the nation,” she said. “If you think about 2017 like to call ‘Instagram-worthy.’ as Canadian because we don’t have a Doughnuts’ Facebook page, photograph courtesy Tim Hortons commercials they are very much the commercials about new And some donut shops create and lot of Canadian foods that are globally of Tim Hortons’ Facebook page, and photograph comers to Canada learning ‘how to be Canadian.”’ name donuts with a nod to pop-culture. recognized as ‘Canadian.’” courtesy of Country Style’s Facebook page.

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Four of Canada’s ONTARIO There’s no question, BRITISH provinces are creating you’re missing out if a palatable impression. you haven’t experienced COLUMBIA Therefore, my wine pics British Columbia’s Syrah, cover all four unique Cabernet Sauvignon, terroirs. Pinot Gris or Rieslings. Let’s start with British Columbia’s wine Ontario, the largest industry’s $2.8-billion wine-producing economic impact is a province. In terms significant driver to the of acreage, tonnage provincial coffers and and wine grape sales, their wines are competing Ontario offers no against some of the most apologies. The province well-known brands, and grows exceptional winning (no wonder Raise a Chardonnay, Riesling, British Columbians only Gamay, Cabernet Franc want to sell B.C. wines in and Pinot Noir. their grocery stores!) For my B.C. pick, this glass to wine’s name may surprise you, and will certainly canadian wine Winery: Big Head blow your taste buds away. Vintage: 2014 Variety: Pinot Noir Winery: Blasted Church impressing palates Location: Niagara-on- Vintage: 2015 for more than 200 years the-Lake, Ont. Variety: Pinot Gris Location: Okanagan Valley, B.C.

The name of this Ontario wine pick is fitting considering it’s the province with the largest economic Their labels alone are a topic of discussion, but Blasted impact of $4.4-billion! Church’s 2015 Pinot Gris is a true expression of the There is something special about Pinot Noir. It is Okanagan valley. Light honey and citrus aromas hit the elegant, seductive; light but heavy with flavour. Ontario’s By Asha Hingorani nose first. On the palate you will experience a blast of citrus Big Head Pinot is exactly that, and be careful—too many fruit, but not too acidic as the acid and sugar are well- sips and your big head will soon be spinning. The 2014 balanced. This B.C. Pinot Gris would be delightful with a offers a punch of cherry and red fruit aromas. The wine flight of West Coast oysters or a plate of sockeye salmon. is dry on the palate and well balanced with the level of ipping on a glass of wine, a pint of landscape is what sets us apart in the building a foundation for years of culinary fruit and acidity. This wine certainly proves to be good beer or a wee dram of scotch has global wine economy. In fact, Canada’s pleasure and tourism to come. company for an evening paired with Ontario pork chops. been part of Canada’s culture for wine industry has a deep history pre- In 1989-1990, the development of Sthe past 150 years. During this time, dating Canada’s constitution. the Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA), a Deliver with Lean! the value-added production of beverage In 1811 in Cooksville, Ont., the first regulatory appellation system guaranteeing alcohol from farm to glass has evolved, commercial vineyards opened, and quality and authenticity of origin for Certifi cate & Advanced Certifi cate in Lean for the public sector but its linkages with gastronomy, history, in 1871 Vin Villa, Canada’s first estate Canadian wines, was adopted in Ontario tradition, origin, local quality products and winery, opened on Pelee Island in Ontario. and British Columbia. Shortly after, in Alpen Path Solutions Inc. social settings remain a part of everyday Following the dark ages of prohibition that 1991, Ontario-based Inniskillin became alpenpathsolutions.com/training life for the vast majority of Canadians. swept across the country from 1901-1930, the first Canadian winery to win a major Lean teaching and coaching The wine industry is unique. It is in 1932 Calona Wines, the first winery international award in Bordeaux, France, 613.680.2953 rooted in Canadian soil. The workers in British Columbia, opened in Kelowna. thus placing an international spotlight on can’t simply rip out their vines and move Forty years later and on the East Coast, in Canadian ice wine, now our largest export. elsewhere. Vintners are bound to the land 1972 the first commercial vineyards were Over 25 years of government experience Wine Grapes in the Niagara Peninsula. –the terroir. Our diverse geographical planted in Nova Scotia’s Annapolis Valley, Continued on page 92

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Continued from page 90 Fast forward to 2017: The Canadian wine industry is made up Nova Scotian wines are all about crispness are just like their people: full of character N OVA of almost 700 grape wineries and 1,300 independent grape growers, and freshness. L’Acadie Blanc is a shining star and charm. Varietals such as Cabernet contributing $9-billion to the national economy. Each grape-growing as well as Chardonnay, Vidal and Maréchal Foch, L’Acadie, Osceola Muscat and a region is unique, with their own marketing bodies such as the British Foch. You can’t try a Nova Scotian wine number of white blends provide a sense SCOTIA Columbia Wine Institute, the Wine Association of Nova Scotia and without experiencing Tidal Bay—the first of what this Maritime vineyard produces. the Wine Marketing Association of Ontario (to name a few) that wine appellation for Nova Scotia, launched Luckett Vineyards is rooted in rocky and drive tourism and provide provincial and federal contact. in 2012. To obtain the Tidal Bay designation, clay-rich soils. The vineyards overlook Grapes and wine are a prime example of success for Canada’s all wines must Minas Basin value-added agri-food industry. From vineyard development and be made from and Blomidon grape cultivation to winemaking and bottling, our compounded specific grape Winery: Luckett Vineyards and the impact extends well-beyond cellar door varieties, influence sales and employment, with strong include 100 Vintage: 2015 of the tidal links to tourism, retail sales, bars and per cent airflow from restaurants across Canada. As a result, the Nova Scotia- Varietal: Tidal Bay (L’Acadie, Ortega, the Bay domestic wine industry helps support more grown grapes, of Fundy than 37,000 jobs and is motivation for more follow strict Osceola Muscat and Traminette) provides mild than 3.7 million tourists visiting Canadian standards and temperatures wineries each year. be approved Location: Gaspereau Valley, N.S. year round in Unfortunately, depending on your annually by an this Maritime geographical location, interprovincial barriers independent climate. With continue to be an obstacle to Canadians wanting blind tasting panel. a strong citrus mouthfeel, at 11 per cent to have wine shipped from our wine-thriving Luckett Vineyards in the beautiful alcohol, this 2015 Tidal Bay is crisp, light provinces. British Columbia, Manitoba and Nova Gaspereau Valley, N.S., produces a number and elegant, and is a perfect complement to Scotia are the only jurisdictions in Canada that of varietals besides Tidal Bay. Their wines the local seafood fare. have permitted inter-provincial wine delivery. This means that only 19 per cent of Canadians can legally order award-winning Canadian wines delivered to their out-of-province home. These are wines that are not readily available Quebec’s wine and grape QUEBEC WANT TO in liquor retail stores in their home province. industry has a $1.1-billion economic impact and five LEARN FRENCH? main wine growing areas. La belle province is home to some of the country’s finest grown Vidal, Seyval, The wine industry Frontenac and Gamay Noir. is unique. It is rooted in Canadian Interestingly, this winery is owned by Denis soil. The workers can’t simply Paradis, Liberal MP for Brome-Missisquoi, Que. rip out their vines and move Le Domaine du Ridge has more than 85,000 vines planted, elsewhere. Vintners are bound to making it one of the largest vineyards in Quebec. It grows Seyval blanc and noir, Vidal Blanc, Maréchal Foch and Vidal, the land—the terroir. which makes exceptional dessert wines, a staple in Quebec. Le Domaine du Ridge 2015 Maréchal Foch is ready to drink now and doesn’t need any cellaring. In its June 2016 report Tear Down These Walls: Dismantling Canada’s Internal Trade Barriers, the Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce identified wine as number three Winery: Le Domaine du Ridge on its top list of barriers to trade, and called for the removal of INTENSIVE • PART-TIME • WORKSHOPS internal barriers by July 1, 2017. In light of the Canada Free Trade Vintage: 2015 SLE PREPARATION • ONLINE COURSES Agreement finalized in early 2017, provincial premiers have agreed to a working group on the interprovincial trade of alcohol with the Varietal: Maréchal Foch SINCE 1905 goal of creating a more open domestic market. What could be a perfect gift to celebrate our 150th birthday?! Location: Eastern Township REGISTER NOW: Asha Hingorani is the director of government and public affairs for www.af.ca/ottawa | 613-234-9470 the Canadian Vintners Association and is a certified sommelier. region of St. Arnaud, Quebec.

92 . Power & Influence Summer 2017 Power & Influence Summer 2017 . 93 people-team homan Joanne Courtney

What’s the biggest challenge you’ve had to The thing your teammates tease you 60 THINGS overcome? about the most? Realizing it’s ok to not “have it all” I’m extremely clumsy and often you didn’t know about right now; putting curling first and my don’t think before I speak, so they Canada’s curling champions, professional career on hold. have a lot to work with. Do you have a pre-game ritual, or Everyone has a vice. What’s yours? a superstition you feed? Candy. Chocolate. Chips. Basically, I’m in charge of the team music, so I all the junk food groups. have a playlist made for the drive to the rink. We always have to listen to the same At what age did you start curling? songs before each game. I started in little rocks when I was ‘team homan’ seven. Joanne Courtney By Christina Leadlay Position: Second Name one thing you couldn’t live without? When you were a little kid, what did you My morning coffee. urling fans both local and national have water. Hawaii with my husband for our much the world has changed in 150 years. want to be when you grew up? cheered them on as Team Ontario or honeymoon was pretty amazing. C I wanted to work at the local donut shop Which Canadian athlete most Team Canada, depending on the tournament. What’s the best advice you’ve ever received? (I assumed I could eat free donuts all day). inspires you? Now, Lisa Weagle, Joanne Courtney, Emma What is your favourite book? My parents always encouraged me to Sandra Schmirler. Miskew, and Skip Rachel Homan are getting Running Scared by Brenda Chapman, honour my commitments and to see things What were you known for in high school? nerves in big games and that would lead to used to the new name of ‘world champions,’ who happens to be my mom. It was her through. Frequently responding to invites for Early bird or night owl? below-average performances. thanks to their decisive win earlier this year first published novel and I know how much events with “I can’t. I have curling.” Night owl. in China, where they went undefeated 13-0 to work she went through to realize her dream What’s your no. 1 goal in the next five years? Do you have a pre-game ritual, or a take their first world title. of being an author. Winning an Olympic gold medal. What’s the best trip you’ve ever taken? What’s the best advice you’ve ever received? superstition you feed? Named after their skip (as per curling Safari in Tanzania – The trip of a You don’t have to be perfect to get what I try not to change too much when tradition), the Ottawa-based team is a tight unit The thing your teammates tease you What is your favourite Canadian tradition? lifetime! you want. we’re on a winning streak, and will usually that has a long personal history; many years of about the most? Singing our anthem in both official stick with the same jersey and socks. experience, (despite their youth); and four sets My age! I’m the oldest on the team and languages. What is your favourite book? What do you miss the most when you are of eyes on the big prize: Olympic Gold. they don’t let me forget it [Weagle is 32]. I love to read and enjoy books like Gone not in Canada? The four teammates announced earlier Other than Team Homan, the Canadian Emma Miskew Girl [by Gillian Flynn]. I couldn’t put it down. Interacting with Canadians. It’s hard to this year that have put their individual Everyone has a vice. What’s yours? sports team I cheer the loudest for is… match how friendly we are! Position: Third careers and social lives outside of curling Watching the Bachelor, The Bachelorette, The Toronto Blue Jays. on ice while they focus on the road to Bachelor in Paradise... It’s so trashy, but I Emma Miskew What’s your no. 1 goal in the next five When you were a little kid, what did you the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in can’t stop watching. Lisa Weagle years? want to be when you grew up? Pyeongchang, South Korea. I would love to go to the An Olympic athlete. Hometown fans will be cheering for At what age did you start curling? Olympics. I would also like to them in December, when they play in Eight years old. see as much of the world as What were you known for in high school? Ottawa’s Roar of the Rings qualifier— possible and continue playing A curler and an over-achiever. against six other Canadian women’s curling Name one thing you couldn’t live the sport I love. teams—for the opportunity to wear the without? What’s the best trip you’ve ever taken? Maple Leaf at the Olympics. Coffee. What is your favourite A week in Jamaica to relax. I love it P&I asked the four women about their Canadian tradition? there. pre-game rituals, what they love most Which Canadian athlete most As a sugar lover, I about Canada, and their goals for the inspires you? always enjoy la cabane What is your favourite book? future. Their responses have been edited I grew up watching curlers à sucre [maple sugar The Harry Potter series! for style, length, and clarity. like Sandra Schmirler and shacks]. Marilyn Bodogh, and wanted to The thing your teammates tease you one day be like them. Other than Team about the most? Lisa Weagle Homan, the Canadian Probably my OCD [obsessive Position: Lead Early bird or night owl? sports team I cheer the compulsive disorder], or my extreme Neither, I love to sleep! loudest for is… organization. When you were a little kid, what did you The Blue Jays. want to be when you grew up? If you had a time machine, Everyone has a vice. What’s yours? A crossing guard. I wanted to keep would you travel 150 years What’s the biggest My incessant need to clean. people safe and wear a bright orange vest. into the past, or 150 years challenge you’ve had to into the future? Why? overcome? At what age did you start curling? What’s the best trip you’ve ever taken? I’d love to go forward I have struggled with Five years old. I always feel happiest when I’m near and see the future and how Anthony Jenkins P&I illustrations by

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Name one thing you couldn’t live without? If you had a time machine, would you The kindness of Canadians. Assuming we can’t say any living things, travel 150 years into the past, or 150 years I’ll say tea. into the future? Why? What’s your no. 1 goal in the next five years? Into the future. I can read about what To win an Olympic Gold medal for Which Canadian athlete inspires you the happened 150 years ago, but no one knows Canada. most? what will happen 150 years from now. Milos Raonic for his constant drive to What is your favourite Canadian tradition? the top. What’s the best advice you’ve ever received? Canada Day on Parliament Hill in Stop caring what other people think of you. Ottawa. Early bird or night owl? Kind of neither! I like my sleep … but What do you miss the most when you are Other than Team Homan, the Canadian I’d have to say night owl, if anything. not in Canada? sports team I cheer the loudest for is… The Ottawa Senators!

Rachel Homan What’s the biggest challenge you’ve had to overcome? Becoming a world champion.

Do you have a pre-game ritual, or a superstition you feed? We all sit in the same spots in the car on the way to games and blast music! Rachel Homan Position: Skip

What were you known for in high school? Sports.

Maple syrup or ketchup? Maple syrup.

The thing your teammates tease you about the most? My bad memory.

At what age did you start curling? Five.

Name one thing you couldn’t live without? Tea.

Which Canadian athlete inspires you the most? Connor McDavid.

Early bird or night owl? Night owl.

What’s your no. 1 goal in the next five years? To win Olympic Gold.

Other than Team Homan, the Canadian sports team I cheer the loudest for is… The Ottawa Senators.

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