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Croat T. B., 1990, a Comparison of Aroid Classification Systems

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44 AROIDEANA Vol. 13, No. 1-4 A Comparison of Aroid ClassiftcationSystems Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden p. o. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166-0299 USA Abstract Hooker (1883) which in turn was based on the first monograph of the family by The paper compares four systems of H. Schott (1860). classification of the Araceae: Engler's Like the Schott system, Hutchinson original (1905-1920), M. Hotta's (1970), J. based his classification primarily on floral Bogner and D. Nicolson's On press) and morphology. However, he divided the M. Grayum's (1990). All are compared genera not into subfamilies but into 18 against the backdrop of the traditional tribes. Although Hutchinson's system has system of classification by Adolf Engler been used by some workers in general and against each other. review papers (e.g., Marchant, 1970, 1971a, 1971b, 1972, 1974; Raven and Introduction Axelrod, 1974; Li, 1979, 1980), it has been A review of the systems of classifica­ deemed quite unnatural by modern tion in the Araceae between the time of workers of the Araceae and it will not be Linnaeus and the modern era was pre­ dealt with further. sented by Nicolson (1960,1987). The last Since no other work has been so thorough systematic treatment of the widely accepted, it is important that a Araceae was published by Adolf Engler synopsis of Engler's original classifica­ in Das Pjlanzenreich (Engler, 1905, tion be presented here. The modified 1911, 1912, 1915, 1920a, 1920b; Engler & Englerian system which follows differs Krause, 1908, 1920; Krause 1908, 1913). from the original version only by the This subfamilial classification has served inclusion of 14 accepted new genera as the basis for virtually all non-taxo­ published since the appearance of nomic studies of aroid morphology to Engler's revision. Originally, Engler had this date. Although major subfamilial included 107 genera arranged in eight revisions of the Araceae have been subfamilies. These retain their original published (Hotta, 1970 and Hutchinson, numbers in the modification presented 1973), they have not gained wide accep­ while those added later into the system tance. The system by Hotta, based pri­ are assigned lower case letters, as in 54a, marily on the Englerian model, is proba­ Amauriella. Genera added since Engler bly the more natural of the two. A are assigned upper case letters and also synopsis of the Hotta system will be bear an asterisk. With minor exceptions presented and discussed later. The only (see placement of Heteroaridarnm, Hot­ other important treatment of the Araceae tarnm and jasarnm, more recently in this century was that of Lemee (1941) switched by Bogner [pers. comm.]), in his Dictionaire .... phanerogams. This placement of new taxa within Engler's work, published in French, is merely a system is based on their assignment in "A version of Engler's treatment which in­ Critical List of Aroid Genera" (Bogner, cluded four genera published since 1978). Three published genera have Engler's treatment was published. In been added subsequent to the appear­ contrast, Hutchinson's system is an ex­ ance of Bogner's list: Furtadoa (Hotta, tension of the one devised by J. D. 1981) and Bognera (Nicolson, 1984), THOMAS B. CROAT, 1990 45 both in the subfamily Philodendroideae dospatha [Croat], 18. Monstera (Calloideae in Grayum, 1990) and An­ Adans., 19. Alloschemone aphyllopsis Hay in the Lasioideae. Schott, 20. Amydrium Schott) Lasiomorpha was resurrected to the ge­ Tribe 2. SPATHIPHYLLEAE Engl. (21. neric level by Hay. These have been Spathiphyllum Schott, 22. Hol­ included, using the same lettering system ochlamys Engl.) as for genera previously added. Subfamily m. CALLOIDEAE Schott Genera accepted by Engler but subse­ Tribe 1. SYMPLOCARPEAE Engl. (Ap­ quently placed into synonymy are also propriately now ORONTIEAE) indicated. The author who placed it into (23. Lysichiton Schott (as synonymy is added in brackets. Some of Lyschitum) 24. Symplocarpus the authors of Engler's generic names Salisb., 25. Orontium L.) have been changed to reflect proper Tribe 2. CALLEAE Schott (26. Calla L.) nomenclature. Subfamily Iv. LASIOIDEAE Engl. Tribe 1. LASIEAE Engl. (27. Cyrto­ The SubfamiJial Classification of the sperma Griff., *27A. Lasiomor­ Araceae by Engler (1905-1920) pha Schott [Hay] (989), 28. Lour. 29. Subfamily I. POTHOIDEAE Engl. Lasia Anaphyllum Schott, 29A. Hay, (Properly ACOROIDEAE, according to Anaphyllopsis the rules of nomenclature when Acarus 30. Podolasia N. E. Brown, 31. is included.) Urospatha Schott [Bogner], Tribe 1. POTHEAE Engl. (1. Pothos L., 2 .. (1988, 1989) 32. Dracontioides Pothoidium Schott, *2A. Engl., 33. Echidnium Schott = Pedicellarum M. Hotta, 3. Dracontium [Bogner], 34. Dra­ Anadendrum Schott (as Anad­ contium L., *34A. Pycnospatha endron), 3a. Epipremnopsis Thorel ex Gagnep.) Engl. = Amydrium [Nicolson]) Tribe 2. AMORPHOPHALLEAE Eng!. Tribe 2. HETEROPSIDEAE Engl, (4. (Now correctly THOM­ Heteropsis Kunth) SONIEAE) 05. Pseudohy­ Tribe 3. ANTHURIEAE Engl. (5. An­ drosme Engl., 36. Plesmonium thurium Schott) Schott = A morphophallus Tribe 4. CULCASlEAE Engl. (6. Culcasia [Bogner], 37. Anchomanes P. Beauv.) Schott, 38. 1bomsonia Wall. = Tribe 5. ZAMIOCULCADEAE Engl. (7. Amorphophallus [Bogner, Zamioculcas Schott, 8. Gona­ Mayo & Sivadasan], 39. Pseu­ topus Hook. f.) dodracontium N. E. Brown, 40. Tribe 6. ACOREAE Engl. (9. Acorus L. = Amorphophallus Blume) Acoraceae, 10. Gymnostachys Tribe 3. NEPHTHYTIDEAE Engl. (41. R. Br.) Nephthytis Schott, 42. Cercestis Subfamily II. MONSTEROIDEAE Schott, 43. Rhektophyllum N. E. Engl. Brown = Cercestis [Bogner]) Tribe 1. MONSTEREAE Eng!. (ll. Tribe 4. MONTRICHARDIEAE Eng!. Rhaphidophora Hassk. (as Ra­ (44. Montrichardia Cruger) phidophora) Engl. 12. Afrora­ Subfamily V. PHll.ODENDROIDEAE phidophora Engl. = Rhaphido­ Engl. phora [Hepper], 13. Epi­ Tribe 1. PHILODENDREAE Schott premnum Schott, 14. Scin­ SubTribe 1. HOMALOM­ dapsus Schott, 15. Stenosper­ ENINAE Schott, (*45A. Furta­ mation Schott (as Stenosperma­ doa M. Hotta 45. Homalomena tium), 16. Rhodospatha Poepp., Schott, 46. Diandriella Engl. = 17. Anepsias Schott = Rho- Homalomena [Bogner]) AROIDEANA Vol. 13, No. 1-4 Fig. 1. Cercestis kamerunianus N.E. Br. Fig. 2. Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) in Dyer, Croat 53498. Nigeria. Photo by Bogner, F Felippone s.n. (type), Uru­ T B. Croat. guay. Photo by F. Felippone. Fig. 3. Calla palustris L. , de GraCi! 508. Fig. 4. Chlorospatha croatiana Grayum, Photo by A. de Graaf. Croat 67109, Panama. Photo by T B. Croat. maMAS B. CROAT, 1990 47 Subtribe 2. SCHISMATOG­ jasarum Bunting, 67. Apbyl­ LOTTIDINAE Schott (47. Scbis­ larum S. Moore, = Caladium matoglottis Zoll. & Mar., 48. [Bogner & Mayo) 68. Cblorospa­ Bueepbalandra Schott, *48A. tba Eng!., 69. Xantbosoma Pbymatarum M. Hotta, 49. Ari­ Schott) darum Ridley, *49A. Heteroari­ Subtribe 4. COLOCASII­ darum M. Hotta, *49B. Hotta­ NAE Schott (70. Coloeasia rum Bogner & Nicolson, 50. Schott) Piptospatba N. E. Brown, 51. Subtribe 5. ALOCASIINAE Mieroeasia Beccari = Bueepb­ Schott (71. Aloeasia (Schott) G. alandra [Bogner]) Don, 72. Sebizoeasia Engler = Subtribe 3. PHILO DEN­ Xenopbya [Nicolson) = Alocasia DRINAE Schott (52. Pbiloden­ [A. Hay]) dron Schott [Krause (913) rec­ Tribe 2. SYNGONIEAE Eng!. (73. Por­ ognized Tbaumatopbyllum pbyrospatba Eng!. = Syngo­ Schott, now = Pbilodendron nium [Croat), 74. Syngonium [Bunting), without numbering it Schott) or putting it in a key), 53. Tribe 3. ARIOPSIDEAE Eng!. (75. Ariop­ Pbilonotion Schott = Sebisma­ sis Nimmo ex J. Graham) toglottis [Bunting]) Subfamily VII. AROIDEAE Engl. Tribe 2. ANUBIADEAE Eng!. (54A. Tribe 1. STYLOCHAETONIEAE Schott Amauriella Rendle = Anubias (76. Styloebaeton l.epr. as Sty­ [Bogner), 54B. Anubias Schott) loebiton) Tribe 2A. BOGNEREAE Mayo & Ni­ Tribe 1A. AROPHYTEAE Bogner (*76A. colson (*54A. Bognera Mayo Carlepbyton]um., *76B. Colle­ & Nicolson) S. Buchet *76c. Tribe 3. AGLAONEMATEAE Engl. (55. togyne Aro­ pbyton ]um.) Aglaonema Schott, 56. Aglaodorum Schott) Tribe 2. ASTEROSTIGMATEAE Schott Tribe 4. DIEFFENBACHIEAE Engl. (57. (77. Mangonia Schott, 78. An­ Dieffenbaebia Schott) dromyeia A. Rich. = Aster­ Tribe 5. ZANTEDESCHIEAE Eng!. (58. ostigma [Bogner), 79. Tae­ Zantedesebia Spreng.) earum Brongn. ex Schott, 80. Tribe 6. TYPHONODOREAE Eng!. (59. Asterostigma Fisch. & Mey., 81. Typbonodorum Lind!.) Synandrospadix Eng!., 82 . Tribe 7. PELTANDREAE Eng!. (60. Pel­ Spatbantbeum Schott, 83. tandra Raf.) Gorgonidium Schott, 84. Subfamily VI. COLOCASIOIDEAE Gearum N. E. Brown, 85. Spatb­ Engl. iearpa Hook.) Tribe 1. COLOCASIEAE Eng!. Tribe 3. PROTAREAE Eng!. (86. Prota­ Subtribe 1. STEUDNERINAE rum Eng!.) Eng!. & K. Kr. (61. Steudnera Tribe 4. CALLOPSIDEAE Eng!. (87. Cal­ K. Koch, 62. Remusatia Schott, lopsis Eng!.) 63. Gonatantbus Klotzsch Tribe 5. ZOMICARPEAE Eng!. (88. Subtribe 2. HAPALININAE Seapbispatba Brongn. ex Eng!. & K. Kr. (64. Hapaline Schott, 89. Xenopbya Schott = Schott) Aloeasia [Hay), 90. Zomiearpa Subtribe 3. CALADIINAE Schott, 91. Zomiearpella N. E. Eng!. & K. Kr. (65. Caladiopsis Brown, *91A. Filarum Nicolson, Eng!. = Cblorospatba [Madi­ 92. Ulearum Eng!.) son), 66. Caladium Vent., *66A. Tribe 6. AREAE Engl. 48 AROIDEANA Vol. 13, No. 1-4 Subtribe 1. ARINAE Schott systems will be presented here in synop­ (93. Arnm 1., 94. Dracunculus tic form. These, as well as the system of Schott, 95. HelicodicerosSchott, Hotta, will be compared with Engler's 96. Tberiophonum Blume, 97. classification. All of these systems have Typhonium Schott, 98. Sauro­ benefited from a substantial amount of matum
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    KNIGHT BEACON BoostersBring College To Nigl,School We the students of Assumption High resentative to start his presentation at St. Mary's College, Winona, Minnesota; Soon to college must apply a c rtain time for one group of people. and St. Tho mas College, St. Paul, Min­ We know not where, or how, or when, Fr. Charles Mann, boys' division vice­ nesota. But that' where College ight comes principal noted, "The system worked Refreshments will be served in the in! well for the colleges that used it last cafeteria during the evening. This year on Wednesday, October y ar, and we hope it will work again 15, at 7:30 Assumption high school's this year." annual College Night will take place . Three new addition are fore. een in A coll ge atmosphere will be enacted this year' chedule. Tho e hool are: when over 40 colleges, universities, The College of t. Benedict, t. Joseph, Knite technical colleges, and nursing colleges linnesota, Loras College, Dubuque, will send representatives to the event. Iowa, and Edgewood College of the acred Heart, Madison, Wi consin. Lite Being ponsored by the Booster Club Besides Marycrest and St. Ambrose, again thi year, a rewarding night is in to which most AHS graduates apply, store for everyone. ophomore , jun­ ther will be other schools which have I'll bet everyone's eyes were on Sr . iors, and eniors are invited to come, participated in College Night before . Mary Ambrosina, BVM, when she compare, and judge the college so Among these are: John Carroll Univer­ said, "If you'll pay attention, I'll go that they can make a good decision on sity, Cleveland, Ohio; Western Illinois through the board." a pecific college.
  • The Botanical Exploration of Angola by Germans During the 19Th and 20Th Centuries, with Biographical Sketches and Notes on Collections and Herbaria

    The Botanical Exploration of Angola by Germans During the 19Th and 20Th Centuries, with Biographical Sketches and Notes on Collections and Herbaria

    Blumea 65, 2020: 126–161 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.06 The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria E. Figueiredo1, *, G.F. Smith1, S. Dressler 2 Key words Abstract A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German Angola settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations botanical exploration were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the German explorers collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany’s plant collections colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three col- lectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed. Citation: Figueiredo E, Smith GF, Dressler S.
  • Araceae), with P

    Araceae), with P

    Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon Martin Cheek1, Barthélemy Tchiengué2 and Xander van der Burgt3 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK 2 Institute of Agronomic Research and Development, Herbier National Camerounais, Yaoundé, Centrale, Cameroon 3 Identification & Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK ABSTRACT This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (asexually reproductive) roots (vs. sessile, roots non-viviparous), lack of laticifers (vs. laticifers present) and differences in spadix: spathe proportions and presentation. However, it is possible that a well sampled molecular phylogenetic analysis might show that one of these genera is nested inside the other. In this case the synonymisation of Pseudohydrosme will be required. Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese but probably extending to Congo, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Submitted 13 October 2020 Littoral Region, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth Accepted 11 December 2020 century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into 11 February 2021 Published the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area.