Highlights of the New 1:10 000 Scale Geology Map of the Flin Flon Area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (Part of NTS 63K12, 13)1 by R-L

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GS-1 Highlights of the new 1:10 000 scale geology map of the Flin Flon area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K12, 13)1 by R-L. Simard and K. MacLachlan

Simard, R-L. and MacLachlan, K. 2009: Highlights of the new 1:10 000 scale geology map of the Flin Flon area, Mani- toba and Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K12, 13); in Report of Activities 2009, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 6–14.

Summary state-of-the-art, detailed litho- A five year collaboration between the Manitoba stratigraphic bedrock map of the Geological Survey, the Saskatchewan Geological Sur- area to support exploration for vey, the Geological Survey of Canada, researchers from VMS deposits still existed in the Laurentian University, and Hudson Bay Exploration and early 2000s. Development Company Limited has led to the production In November 2009, the Manitoba Geological Survey of a new 1:10 000 scale bedrock geological map for the and the Saskatchewan Geological Survey announced the Flin Flon mining camp. A coherent lithostratigraphic and release of a new 1:10 000 scale crossborder geological structural framework now spans the provincial border and map of the Flin Flon area (Figure GS-1-2). This major has resulted in recognition of the volcanogenic massive collaboration between the Manitoba Geological Survey, sulphide–hosting stratigraphy in areas well outside the the Saskatchewan Geological Survey, the Geological Sur- immediate mine surroundings. An improved understand- vey of Canada, researchers from Laurentian University, ing of the importance of subsidence structures and asso- and Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company ciated high-temperature hydrothermal alteration in the Limited was initiated in 2005 under the Government of generation of the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) Canada Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI-3) with the deposits has led to recognition of exploration potential intent of stimulating private-sector resource exploration in the hangingwall in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba. in areas of high base-metal potential in established mining Both early thrust faulting that predates deposition of the communities. Missi Group and late thrust faulting that imbricates the Missi Group with the older volcanic rocks have been This report is intended to highlight the breakthroughs recognized. The critical role of thrust faulting at various accomplished during the last five years, leading to the pro- scales in the overall architecture of the camp has been duction of this new map. Detailed accompanying notes revealed by the integration of surface map data into a 3-D for this map are planned for release in 2010 (R-L. Simard (three-dimensional) model constrained by drillholes and et al., work in progress, 2009), along with a DVD that will 3-D seismic surveys. Based on new U-Pb geochronology, include a digital version of the map, a geochemistry and the VMS-hosting volcanic rocks of the Flin Flon Block geochronology database for the area, extensive references are ca. 1.89 Ga, as are rocks in the western Hook Lake and a photo atlas of rocks of the Flin Flon area. Block. Volcanic rocks in the eastern Hook Lake Block, however, are about 10 Ma younger. Summary of previous work Conditions for bedrock mapping in the Flin Flon area Introduction are exceptional in many respects. Exposure is commonly The Flin Flon area of the Paleoproterozoic Flin Flon 40–80%, the outcrops are lichen-free and the regional Belt is world-renowned for its volcanogenic massive metamorphic grade is lower-greenschist facies (epidote- sulphide (VMS) deposits (Figure GS-1-1). Three active chlorite; Bailes and Syme, 1989), allowing for good (Callinan, 777 and Trout Lake) and three past-producing preservation of primary textures and structures. These (Flin Flon, Mandy and Schist Lake) VMS mines occur in exquisite conditions have attracted repeated mapping the immediate vicinity of the town of Flin Flon, which efforts in the area over time. makes this area one of the most productive base-metal The following section summarizes the most recent regions in Canada. contributions to the volcanology and structure of the Flin The Flin Flon area has been mapped at various Flon area by participants in the TGI-3 project. For more scales by geologists of several organizations during details on previous work, please refer to Bailes and Syme the last 70 years. Despite the fact that each of (1989) and Thomas (1989). An extensive list of previous these mapping efforts was successful in increas- work will be included in an upcoming geological report ing our understanding of this prolific base-metal on the geology of the Flin Flon area (R-L. Simard et al., area, the need for a new, comprehensive, crossborder, work in progress, 2009).

1 Also to be published in Summary of Investigations 2009, Volume 2, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Energy and Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2009-4.2.

6 Manitoba Geological Survey NAIN VE RAE SLA Hudson HEARNE Bay

THO 50 N 50 N 60 W 130 W SUPERIOR

Atlantic Ocean WYOMING

<1.8 Ga orogens Archean cratons Cu-Zn mines Paleoproterozoic orogens B - Birch Lake C - Callinan Ce - Centennial T NE Arm Shear Zone Co - Coronation Cu - Cuprus C Bear Lake Block TR D - Don Jon GS-1-2, 3 Flin Flon N F - Flin Flon F D Fl - Flexar Cu K - Konuto M WL M - Mandy S N - North Star Ce S - Schist Lake T - Trout Lake Fl Scotty Lake Block TR -777 K W - Westarm B W WL - White Lake

Amisk Lake Co ake w L ko us ap p o Phanerozoic cover a 102 15' W th o 10 km A Phanerozoic cover 54 30' N Sask. Man. PRE-ACCRETION ASSEMBLAGES (1.92–1.88 Ga) POST-ACCRETION ROCKS (1.87–1.84 Ga) Missi Group (sandstone, Major mafic-felsic tholeiitic SUCCESSOR BASINS conglomerate) JUVENILE ARC intrusive rocks Schist-Wekusko suite Calcalkaline volcanic rocks 1.90– (greywacke, mafic sills) 1.88 Ga Arc-rift basalt Tholeiitic, mafic-felsic SUCCESSOR-ARC Felsic volcanic rocks INTRUSIVE ROCKS Intermediate-mafic OCEAN FLOOR Layered mafic-ultramafic complex (BACK-ARC) 1.90 Ga N-type MORB / E-type MORB

OCEANIC PLATEAU Tholeiitic basalt (age unknown) Accretion-related Younger shear zones shear zones (D1, >1.87 Ga) and/or faults (D2–D5) Felsic plutonic rocks 'EVOLVED ARC' (approx. 1.920–1.903 Ga) F VMS deposit (see inset key) ARCHEAN SLICES Granitic rocks (approx. 2.5 Ga)

Figure GS-1-1: Geology of the Flin Flon Belt, showing locations of known volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits (modiﬁed from Syme et al., 1999); inset map shows the location of the Flin Flon Belt within the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO).

Three major mapping efforts from the 1950s to the recent maps of the area were produced on each side of the 1990s have left ‘legacy’ maps of the Flin Flon area. To border in the 1980s and 1990s, namely the 1:20 000 scale date, the detailed 1:12 000 scale map by Stockwell (1960) bedrock map of the Flin Flon–White Lake area by Bailes was the only map of the area that showed coherent stra- and Syme (1989) of the Manitoba Geological Survey and tigraphy and structure across the provincial border. More the 1:10 000 scale bedrock map of the Douglas–Phantom

Report of Activities 2009 7 Figure GS-1-2: The new 1:10 000 scale bedrock geology map of the Flin Flon area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (Simard et al., 2009). Small insets show various features found on the map, such as (from top to bottom) one lithostratigraphic legend showing split-colour boxes with the lighter shade indicating an area of no outcrop; two close-ups of the geology showing outcrops, various structures, and mineral occurrences/past producers and their commodities; an extensive refer- ence list of previous work in the area used to build the map; and a geochronology table for the area.

8 Manitoba Geological Survey Lake area by Thomas (1990, 1992) of the Saskatchewan − The VMS-hosting stratigraphy has been mapped Geological Survey. Although these mapping efforts sig- across major structures in the Flin Flon Block, nificantly increased our understanding of the geology of including the Flin Flon Lake Fault, which has the area and the setting of the VMS deposits it hosts, these considerably enlarged the prospective area away maps did not provide a coherent geological framework from the immediate mine surroundings. New that allowed correlation of map units and structures across areas such as the Phantom Lake and Green Lake the provincial border. peninsulas just south of Phantom Beach are now considered as part of the southern extension of Starting in the early 2000s under the TGI-1 and the main VMS host horizon for the Flin Flon later TGI-3 programs, detailed work on the volcanic - Callinan–777 deposits. rocks by Ames et al. (2002), MacLachlan et al. (2002), Devine (2003), Gibson et al. (2003, 2006, 2007, 2009; • New prospective areas in the hangingwall sequence unpublished work, 2000–2009), Tardif (2003), Bailey have been recognized, including the following: (2004a, b; 2005a, b; 2006), DeWolfe and Gibson (2005, − A semiconformable alteration zone exists in the 2006), MacLachlan (2006a–c), Simard (2006a, b), Cole et hangingwall stratigraphy on the west side of the al. (2007, 2008), Kremer and Simard (2007), MacLachlan Flin Flon Lake Fault just east of Douglas Lake, and Devine (2007), Simard and Creaser (2007), Simard Saskatchewan. This alteration horizon sits a few et al. (2007) and DeWolfe (2008) has shaped the newly hundreds of metres below the former Newcor proposed transborder stratigraphy for the area (Figures mine, which was known for its gold-bearing GS-1-3 and -4). arsenopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite. The nature Structural studies by Lewis et al. (2006, 2007), of this alteration system is similar to footwall MacLachlan (2006c), Lafrance (unpublished work, alteration in a number of other VMS deposits 2006–2009), Pehrsson (unpublished work, 2006–2008), in the world, which might suggest potential for Kremer and Simard (2007), Cole et al. (2007), Lafrance VMS mineralization in the Douglas Lake area et al. (2007) and MacLachlan and Devine (2007), in con- (MacLachlan, 2006c). junction with 3-D modelling of the area based on 2-D − A synvolcanic subsidence structure complete (two-dimensional) and 3-D seismic data recently acquired with associated synvolcanic faults and mafic by HudBay Minerals Inc. and the Geological Survey of and felsic magmatism occurs within the hang- Canada (Schetselaar, 2009) have greatly helped advance ingwall stratigraphy just southeast of Carlisle and refine our understanding of the structural history of Lake, Manitoba. This kind of synvolcanic struc- the area and unify it across the border (Figures GS-1-3 ture hosts VMS deposits in the Flin Flon area, and -4). and in this case is also spatially associated with a well-developed gossan (Simard, 2006a). In addi- tion, smaller subsidence structures were also rec- Highlights from the new Flin Flon map ognized in the hangingwall rocks just north of • One comprehensive, coherent lithostratigraphic leg- Louis Lake (DeWolfe, 2008). end has been developed across the provincial border. • A new structural model has been developed and is • One VMS-hosting stratigraphy for the Flin Flon– fully integrated with the new lithostratigraphy. This Callinan–777 deposits (Figures GS-1-3 and -4) has structural model includes the recognition of the fol- been recognized: lowing: − The stratigraphy and geochemistry of the vol- − Multiple episodes of thrusting exist in the area, canic rocks associated with the Flin Flon– both early and late in the structural history (pre- Callinan–777 VMS deposits record the infilling and postdeposition of the Missi Group). Some of a subsidence basin with abundant volcanicla- of the early thrust faults (mainly north-striking, stic material, localized felsic magmatism and the west-vergent structures) repeat the VMS host development of an intense hydrothermal altera- stratigraphy including the VMS mineralization tion system (Flin Flon formation; Bailes and and are reworked by a series of late thrust faults Syme, 1989; Syme et al., 1999; Devine, 2003), (mainly east-striking, north-vergent structures), which terminated with a hiatus in volcanism and which imbricated the Missi Group sedimentary formation of the VMS deposits. Following VMS rocks with the volcanic rocks. deposition there was resurgence in volcanism − and subsidence marked by the development of Early thrust movement occurred on major north- one or more mafic shield volcanoes atop this striking structures, namely the Cliff Lake Fault subsidence structure (Hidden and Louis forma- and most likely the Hook Lake Fault. tions; Syme et al., 1999; DeWolfe and Gibson, • Improved geochronological controls have been 2005, 2006; DeWolfe, 2008). obtained on the age of volcanic rocks that host the

Report of Activities 2009 9 Saskatchewan 320000E

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6065350N t 311350E Flin Flon Arc Assemblage Intrusive Rocks Hook Lake Block Major fault Late intrusions Flin Flon Block Syncline / anticline Boundary intrusions Hamell Lake volcanic rocks Cliff Lake plutonic complex Douglas formation Western Hook sequence Younging direction Successor-arc intrusions Louis formation Eastern Hook sequence Missi Group Head frame Fluvial sediments Hidden formation Cope Block FF VMS deposits Flin Flon formation Undivided volcanic rocks FF: Flin Flon Undivided volcanic rocks Millrock member (orebody) Road C: Callinan Mafic dikes/intrusions Blue Lagoon member Provincial boundary TR: 777 M: Mandy Felsic dikes/intrusions Club member Tailings S: Schist Lake

Figure GS-1-3: Simpliﬁed geology of the Flin Flon area, outlining the major stratigraphic units and structures (from Simard et al., 2009).

10 Manitoba Geological Survey North of Annabel Douglas Lake Flin Flon Schist Lake – Carlisle Lake Big Island Lake pluton (SK) area (SK) area (MB-SK) area (MB) area (MB)

volcanic rocks Eastern Hook sequence undivided

MISSI MISSI GROUP GROUP undivided volcanic rocks

Channing – Mandy Road Fault

Flin Flon Lake Fault estern Hook sequence

Manistikwan Lake Fault LOUIS FM LOUIS FM

Clif DOUGLAS FM

f Lake Fault Mandy Road anticline

HIDDEN FM HIDDEN FM HIDDEN FM Ross Lake Fault HIDDEN FM ?? Millrock mb Hidden Lake syncline HANGINGWALL HamellHamell LakeLake ? C 777 FF M S VMS volcanicvolcanic rocksrocks FM VMS FOOTWALL N Blue LO Millrock mb F ?? IN Lagoon M FLINFL FLON mbFM Beaver Road anticline F N Blue O L Lagoon F mb Annabel pluton IN L FLINF FLON FM Club mb

??? FLIN FLON BLOCK HOOK LAKE COPE BLOCK BLOCK

Figure GS-1-4: Schematic stratigraphic sections of the Flin Flon area (modiﬁed from Devine, 2003; DeWolfe and Gibson, 2006; Simard, 2006a; Kremer and Simard, 2007; MacLachlan and Devine, 2007; Simard and Creaser, 2007; DeWolfe, 2008; Gibson et al., 2009). Please refer to references listed or R-L. Simard et al. (work in progress, 2009) for more details on the stratigraphy of the area.

mineralization and other units in the Flin Flon the VMS-hosting rocks of the Flin Flon Block area, including the following: to the west. − Several VMS-hosting felsic volcanic rocks of − The Eastern Hook sequence of the Hook Lake the Flin Flon formation are now dated at ca. Block has an age of 1882 ±1 Ma (Rayner, in 1890 Ma (Rayner, in press), which indicates that press), which makes it younger than the VMS- this is the predominant age of volcanism in the hosting rocks of the Flin Flon Block and the Flin Flon Block. This age is 10 Ma younger than western sequence of the Hook Lake Block. previously recognized (see geochronology table • The 1:10 000 scale bedrock map provides the sur- for the Flin Flon area on the map face [e.g., Fig- face, 2-D base layer for the development of a 3-D ure GS-1-2] for a detailed list of available age model for the Flin Flon area: data). − The 3-D modelling integrates surface mapping − A quartz-porphyritic rhyolitic sill (previously and the newly deﬁned stratigraphy with sub- referred to as the Myo intrusions), dated at surface drillhole and seismic data (Schetselaar, 1888.9 ±1.7 Ma (Bailey, pers. comm., 2006), 2009). The emerging 3-D model emphasized the cuts the top of the ca. 1890 Ma Flin Flon forma- importance of thrust faulting observed at the sur- tion (Rayner, in press) and the base of the overly- face in the 3-D architecture of the mine area. ing Hidden formation on the west side of the Flin Flon Fault at a very low angle. These relationships suggest a very short hiatus in volcanism Economic considerations between the formation of the VMS deposits and Detailed remapping of the Flin Flon area has greatly the resurgence of volcanism and subsidence enhanced our understanding of the setting of the numer- recorded in the hangingwall stratigraphy. ous VMS deposits in the area, which will be valuable in − The base of the Western Hook sequence of the improving exploration models for the area. Hook Lake Block is intruded by an early dio- By reﬁning the VMS-bearing stratigraphy and ritic phase of the Cliff Lake pluton dated at 1888 improving the understanding of the structural history of ±1 Ma (Rayner, in press), which suggests that the the Flin Flon area, this project has resulted in the recogni- Western Hook sequence is age correlative with tion of the mine horizon well beyond the immediate mine

Report of Activities 2009 11 surroundings, opening potentially prospective ground for Bailey, K.A. 2004b: Bedrock geology, Myo Lake section, exploration. The expert understanding of volcanology Creighton, Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K/12); in Sum- required to map and interpret the Flin Flon rocks in greater mary of Investigations 2004, Volume 2, Saskatchewan detail than previous studies has resulted in the recognition Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2004-4.2, 1:2000 scale map. of new alteration systems and subsidence structures in the hangingwall stratigraphy of the Flin Flon–Callinan–777 Bailey, K.A. 2005a: Bedrock geology, Phantom Lake section, deposits on both sides of the border. Ability to recog- Creighton, Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K/12); in Sum- mary of Investigations 2005, Volume 2, Saskatchewan nize these subsidence structures has proven essential for Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, exploring for this type of VMS deposit in and around the Miscellaneous Report 2005-4.2, 1:2000 scale map. Flin Flon area, and may be applicable to greenstone belts Bailey, K.A. 2005b: Bedrock geology, Myo rhyolite distribution elsewhere in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. map, Creighton, Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K/12); in The geochronology that has accompanied the map- Summary of Investigations 2005, Volume 2, Saskatchewan ping yielded a revised age of ca. 1890 Ma for the volca- Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, nism that hosts the VMS deposits in the main Flin Flon Miscellaneous Report 2005-4.2, 1:10 000 scale map. mining camp, and demonstrates that the Western Hook Bailey, K.A. 2006: Emplacement, petrogenesis and volcanic sequence of the Hook Lake Block is correlative in age. reconstruction of the intrusive and extrusive Myo rhyolite The new ages provide an additional tool for evaluating the complex, Flin Flon and Creighton, Saskatchewan; M.Sc. prospectivity of contemporaneous but previously unex- thesis, Laurentian University, Sudbury, 123 p. plored successions. Cole, E.M., Gibson, H.L. and Lafrance, B. 2007: Preliminary description of the lithofacies and structure of the Schist Lake mine area, Flin Flon, Manitoba (part of NTS 63K12); Acknowledgments in Report of Activities 2007, Manitoba Science, Technol- The authors thank the numerous collaborators on ogy, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, this project without whom this map would not have been p. 33–42. possible, namely H. Gibson, M. DeWolfe, C. Devine, Cole, E.M., Piercey, S.J. and Gibson, H.L. 2008: Geology and P. Kremer, B. Lafrance, D. Ames, E.C. Syme, A. Bailes, geochemistry of the Schist Lake mine area, Flin Flon, Man- K. Bailey, D. Price, S. Pehrsson, E. Cole, D. Lewis and itoba (part of NTS 63K12); in Report of Activities 2008, A. Galley, along with the many enthusiastic field assis- Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy and Mines, Mani- toba Geological Survey, p. 18–28. tants over the years required to complete this project. Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Devine, C. 2003: Origin and emplacement of volcanogenic mas- Limited is thanked for their full collaboration and support sive sulphide-hosting, Paleoproterozoic volcaniclastic and effusive rocks within the Flin Flon subsidence structure, on this project. Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada; M.Sc. thesis, Lau- Special thanks go to M. McFarlane from the Mani- rentian University, Sudbury, 279 p. toba Geological Survey for exceptional work on the digi- DeWolfe, Y.M. 2008: Physical volcanology, petrology and tec- tal cartography of the map and P. Lenton for incredible tonic setting of intermediate and mafic volcanic and intru- support in all stages of the map production. sive rocks in the Flin Flon volcanogenic massive sulphide Thanks to P. Kremer and C. Bohm for reviewing this (VMS) district, Manitoba, Canada: growth of a Paleopro- terozoic juvenile arc; Ph.D. thesis, Laurentian University, manuscript and to B. Lenton for helping with drafting the Sudbury, 269 p. figures. DeWolfe, Y.M. and Gibson, H.L. 2005: Physical description of the Bomber, 1920 and Newcor members of the Hidden for- References mation, Flin Flon, Manitoba (NTS 63K16SW); in Report Ames, D.E., Tardif, N., MacLachlan, K. and Gibson, H.L. 2002: of Activities 2005, Manitoba Industry, Economic Develop- Geology and hydrothermal alteration of the hanging-wall ment and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 7–19. stratigraphy to the Flin Flon–777–Callinan volcanogenic DeWolfe, Y.M. and Gibson, H.L. 2006: Stratigraphic subdivision massive sulphide horizon (NTS 63K12NW and 13SW), of the Hidden and Louis formations, Flin Flon, Manitoba Flin Flon area, Manitoba; in Report of Activities 2002, (NTS 63K16SW); in Report of Activities 2006, Manitoba Manitoba Industry, Trade and Mines, Manitoba Geological Science, Technology, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geo- Survey, p. 20–34. logical Survey, p. 22–34. Bailes, A.H. and Syme, E.C. 1989: Geology of the Flin Flon– Gibson, H.L., Bailes, A.H., Tourigny, G. and Syme, E.C. 2003: White Lake area; Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Geology of the Millrock Hill area, Flin Flon, Manitoba Report GR87-1, 313 p. (parts of NTS 63K13SW and 63K12NW); Manitoba Indus- Bailey, K.A. 2004a: Bedrock geology, West Arm Road section, try, Economic Development and Mines, Manitoba Geologi- Creighton, Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K/12); in Sum- cal Survey, Preliminary Map PMAP2003-6, scale 1:500. mary of Investigations 2004, Volume 2, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2004-4.2, 1:2000 scale map.

12 Manitoba Geological Survey Gibson, H.L., Lafrance, B., DeWolfe, M., Devine, C., Gilmore, MacLachlan, K. and Devine, C. 2007: Stratigraphic evidence K. and Pehrsson, S. 2009: Volcanic reconstruction and for volcanic architecture in the Flin Flon mining camp: post depositional modification of a cauldron subsidence implications for mineral exploration; in Summary of Inves- structure within the Flin Flon VMS district; Prospectors tigations 2007, Volume 2, Saskatchewan Geological Sur- and Developers Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, vey, Saskatchewan Energy and Resources, Miscellaneous Toronto, Ontario, Program (special session on Flin Flon: Report 2007-4.2, CD-ROM, Paper A-1, 29 p. New developments in an old camp). MacLachlan, K., Gibson, H.L. and Bailey, K.A. 2002: Strati- Gibson, H.L., Bailey, K., DeWolfe, M., Gilmore, K., Devine. C., graphic and intrusive relationships in the Myo Lake Sec- Sims, D., Bailes, A. and MacLachlan, K. 2006: Evidence tion, Flin Flon mine sequence, Creighton, Saskatchewan; in for cauldron subsidence at the Flin Flon mining camp: Summary of Investigations 2002, Volume 2, Saskatchewan implications for the location of volcanogenic massive Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, sulphide deposits (abstract); Saskatchewan Industry and 2002-4.2, CD-ROM, Paper B-2, 10 p. Resources Convention 2006, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Rayner, N. (in press): New U-Pb zircon ages from the Flin Flon Program, p. 24. Targeted Geoscience Initiative Project 2006–2009: Flin Gibson, H.L., DeWolfe, M., Lafrance, B., Bailey, K., Devine. Flon and Hook Lake blocks; Geological Survey of Canada, C., Sims, D., Gilmore, K., Bailes, A., Simard, R-L. and Current Research 2009-13. MacLachlan, K. 2007: The relationship between rifting, Schetselaar, E. 2009: 3D Modelling in the Flin Flon exploration subsidence, volcanism, and VMS deposits at Flin Flon, camp: interpretative and numerical methods for enhancing Manitoba (abstract); Manitoba Mining and Minerals Con- 3D geological insight & targeting; Prospectors and Devel- vention 2007, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Program, p. 55. opers Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Toronto, Kremer, P.D. and Simard, R.L. 2007: Geology of the Hook Lake Ontario, Program (special session on Flin Flon: New devel- Block, Flin Flon area, Manitoba (part of NTS 63K12); in opments in an old camp). Report of Activities 2007, Manitoba Science, Technol- Simard, R.L. 2006a: Geology of the Schist Lake–Mandy mines ogy, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, area, Flin Flon, Manitoba (part of NTS 63K12); in Report p. 21–32. of Activities 2006, Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy Lafrance, B., Gibson, H.L., Pehrsson, S., DeWolfe, Y.M. and and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 9–21. Lewis, D. 2007: Structural investigations in the Flin Flon Simard, R.L. 2006b: Geology of the Schist Lake–Mandy mines mining camp (abstract); Manitoba Mining and Miner- area, Flin Flon, Manitoba (parts of NTS 63K12); Mani- als Convention 2008, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Program, toba Science, Technology, Energy and Mines, Manitoba p. 54–55. Geological Survey, Preliminary Map, PMAP2006-1, scale Lewis, D., Lafrance, B. and MacLachlan, K. 2007: Kinematic 1:5 000. evidence for thrust faulting and reactivation within the Flin Simard, R.L. and Creaser, R.A. 2007: Implications of new geo- Flon mining camp, Creighton, Saskatchewan; in Summary logical mapping, geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotope data, of Investigations 2007, Volume 2, Saskatchewan Geologi- Flin Flon area, Manitoba (part of NTS 63K12); in Report cal Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Miscel- of Activities 2007, Manitoba Sciences, Technology, Energy laneous Report 2007-4.2, CD-ROM, Paper A-2, 10 p. and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 7–20. Lewis, D., Lafrance, B., MacLachlan, K. and Gibson, H. 2006: Simard, R.L., Kremer, P.D., MacLachlan, K., DeWolfe, Y.M., Structural investigations of Millrock Hill and the Hinge Gibson, H.L., Devine, C., Lafrance, B., Ames, D., Price, Zone of the Beaver road anticline, Creighton, Saskatch- D.P. and Pehrsson, S. 2007: Geology of the Flin Flon area, ewan; in Summary of Investigations 2006, Volume 2, Sas- Manitoba (part of NTS 63K12); Manitoba Science, Tech- katchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and nology, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2006-4.2, CD-ROM, Preliminary Map, PMAP2007-1, scale 1:10 000. Paper A-10, 11 p. Simard, R-L., MacLachlan, K., Gibson, H.L., DeWolfe, Y.M., MacLachlan, K. 2006a: Bedrock geology Douglas Lake area, Devine, C., Kremer, P.D., Lafrance, B., Ames, D.E., Syme, Flin Flon Domain (part of NTS 63K12); Saskatchewan E.C., Bailes, A.H., Bailey, K., Price, D., Pehrsson, S., Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Cole, E., Lewis, D. and Galley, A.G. 2009: Geology of the Miscellaneous Report 2006-4.2, Geological Map, scale Flin Flon area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (part of NTS 1:3 000. 63K12, 13); Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy and MacLachlan, K. 2006b: Bedrock geology Green Lake area, Flin Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Geoscientific Map Flon Domain (part of NTS 63K12); Saskatchewan Geologi- MAP2009-1 and Saskatchewan Energy and Resources, cal Survey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Miscel- Geoscience Map 2009-1, 1 colour map, scale 1:10 000. laneous Report 2002-4.2, Geological Map, scale 1:3 000. Stockwell, C.H. 1960: Flin Flon–Mandy area, Manitoba and MacLachlan, K. 2006c: Stratigraphy, structure, and silicifica- Saskatchewan; Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1078A, tion: new results from mapping in the Flin Flon mining scale 1:12 000, with descriptive notes. camp, Creighton, Saskatchewan; in Summary of Investi- gations 2006, Volume 2, Saskatchewan Geological Sur- vey, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2006-4.2, 25 p.

Report of Activities 2009 13 Syme, E.C., Lucas, S.B., Bailes, A.H. and Stern, R.A. 1999: Thomas, D.J. 1990: Bedrock geology, Douglas-Phantom lakes Contrasting arc and MORB-like assemblages in the Paleo- area (parts of NTS 63K12–13); in Summary of Investiga- proterozoic Flin Flon Belt, Manitoba, and the role of tions 1989, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatch- intra-arc extension in localizing volcanic-hosted massive ewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report 90-4, sulphide deposits; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, p. 13–20. v. 36, p. 1788–1767. Thomas, D.J. 1992: Highlights of investigations around the Flin Tardif, N.P. 2003: Hanging wall alteration above the Paleopro- Flon mine: reassessment of structural history; in Summary terozoic, Callinan and Triple 7 volcanogenic massive sul- of Investigations 1992, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, phide deposits, Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada; M.Sc. thesis, Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report Laurentian University, Sudbury, 100 p. 92-4, p. 3–13. Thomas, D.J. 1989: Geology of Douglas Lake–Phantom Lake area (part of NTS 63K12–13); in Summary of Investiga- tions 1989, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatch- ewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report 89-4, p. 44–54.

14 Manitoba Geological Survey