Hoover Powerplant Modification Environmental Impact Statement
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
HOOVER POWERPLANT MODIFICATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation OCT 2 9 MID o U.& FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE ES FIELD OFFICE. PHOENIX, AZ Surge Tank A8 .4 A9 Replacement 500 -MW Underground Powerhouse 500 - MW Surface Powerhouse • Aerial photograph of the location of the proposed alternatives for the Hoover Powerplant Modification Project, Hoover Dam and Powerplant, Arizona-Nevada. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION LOWER COLORADO REGION DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT HOOVER POWERPLANT MODIFICATION - CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA MOHAVE COUNTY, ARIZONA ABSTRACT The Bureau of Reclamation proposes to increase the generating capacity of the Hoover Dam and Powerplant by installing additional generators. The powerplant would be increased by either 260 or 500 megawatts for a total plant capacity of 2,060 or 2,300 megawatts. The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project are primarily due to increases in water velocity, which could reduce algae production, and increases in the weekly water level fluctuations on Lake Mohave, which could reduce the fishery. No endangered or threatened species would be jeopardized. There will be no cumulative or synergistic effects to the Colorado River Basin. This environmental impact statement is intended to serve environmental review and consultation requirement pursuant to: Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management) Executive Order 11990 (Wetlands Protection) Clean Water Act of 1977 (Section 404 r) Rivers and Habors Act of 1899 (Section 10) For Further Information Contact: Mr. Gary L. Bryant (Environmental) P.O. Box 427 Boulder City, Nevada 89005 Phone: (702) 293-8609 Mr. Martin P. Einert (Engineering) Same Address Phone: (702) 293-8510 Comments should be received by: AUG 04 1983 Statement Number: TNT 1)-eg 83 - Filing Date: MAY G 4 19,';3-- SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY This summarizes the environmental effects and impacts of increas- ing the peaking capacity of Hoover Dam and Powerplant by constructing additional generating units. The location of the project and the general layout are shown in the frontispiece location map and photo- graph. Coordination as required by the Endangered Species Act and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act was completed on December 30, 1980, and April 1981, respectively. However, developments in the engineer- ing and economic aspects of the project changed the plant operation from that which was originally proposed and on which the coordination was based. We, therefore, reinitiated coordination under the above two acts on October 16, 1981. Coordination on the new developments was completed April 1, 1982 for the Endangered Species Act and April 7, 1982 for the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act. Discussions relative to the above acts can be found in Chapter III.B.7. and Attachment B, respectively. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500) require a Corps of Engineers permit, under Section 404 of the act, for the discharge of dredged or fill material into navi- gable waters. The Clean Water Act of 1977 amended Section 404 by adding subsection (r) which provides a procedure by which Federal water projects may be exempted from securing a Corps of Engineers permit. Accordingly, it is intended that this environmental impact statement be used to qualify for exemption to the 404 permit process under Section 404 (r), of P.L. 92-E00, as amended. Impact discussions relative to the permit are found in Chapters II.B.1.a. and b. (Cofferdam), III.B.4. (Geology), III.C.4 (Geology), III.C.5.g.(2) (Lake Mohave), and Attachment E. This project would have no cumulative or synergistic effects on the Colorado River Basin (see Chapter III.C.14.; D.14.; E.13.; and F.12). Background Hoover Dam and Powerplant were designed and constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau) pursuant to the Boulder Canyon Project Act of December 21, 1928. The dam was constructed to protect the low lying valleys of Arizona and southern California from the yearly threat of flood, to store annual spring runoff needed for later use, and to generate power. The construction of the dam began in 1931 and was completed in 1935 with the first commercial energy generated in 1937. In addition to the Nation's largest manmade lake, Lake Mead, Hoover Dam has one of the largest hydroelectric powerplants in the world with an installed capacity of about 1,340 megawatts (MW) pro- vided by 17 generating units and two station service units. When the water stored in Lake Mead is released, it passes through Hoover's turbines and generates low-cost hydroelectric energy, which Western Area Power Administration (Western) markets. Hoover Dam energy is SUMMARY sold to both public and private agencies under contracts and is pre- sently allocated to the States of Arizona and Nevada, and in California to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, City of Burbank, City of Glendale, City of Pasadena, City of Los Angeles, and Southern California Edison Company. The Bureau, as part of a routine replacement and maintenance program, is in the process of overhauling and replacing worn generator windings and turbine runners for 14 of the 17 units. This replacement or uprating of the generating units is scheduled to be completed in the late-1980's. Due to improved technology and materials, each of the uprated units will be capable of generating between 30 and 50 MW of additional capacity. This will increase the present nameplate capacity of Hoover Powerplant from 1,340 MW to about 1,800 MW (at rated head of 490 feet). The increase in peaking capacity addressed in this document is in addition to the replacement and maintenance (uprating) program previously mentioned. Purpose and Need On December 16, 1975, Public Law 94-156 authorized the Secretary of the Interior to engage in feasibility investigations of 12 poten- tial water and/or energy resource projects including the modification of the existing Hoover Powerplant. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the optimum amount of peaking capacity that can be added to Hoover Powerplant within the constraints imposed by water operations, environmental, recreational, and marketing considerations. The extent and method of modification are governed by the availability of water and agreement among downstream water users. The need for the project is reflected in the population growth rate in the Southwest, one of the fastest in the Nation. Arizona and Nevada rank first and third, respectively, in the continental United States in population growth. Utility companies serving these areas must find new sources of electrical energy for both baseload and peakload power to meet the needs of the ever increasing population. The Western Systems Coordinating Council, a group of 43 inter- connected Western utilities, has estimated that the various utility companies in the Southwest will need an additional 3,200 MW of peaking capacity by 1986 to meet peakload requirements. On a broader scale, the region presently obtains over half of its generating capacity from gas and oil, nonrenewable resources whose cost is increasing. To meet needs for additional generating capacity and energy, it is projected that by 1988 substantial increases in coal and nuclear generating stations will be needed, with lesser increases in gas and oil generation for peaking loads. Any contribution that increased hydrogeneration at Hoover Powerplant can make to meeting the future needs will help to reduce the amount of oil and gas generation. The amount of available water for release, power system opera- tions, physical limitations, power marketing, and environmental 11 SUMMARY effects were major factors in the amount of capacity that could be added at Hoover Dam and Powerplant. Alternatives In accordance with Federal planning guidelines, a range of alter- natives was examined. Included among them were methods for reducing power demands as well as various nonstructural and structural alter- natives for meeting increased power demands. Alternatives that were studied under this investigation are shown in Table 1. The three alternatives and the no action (future without the project) alter- native identified as not eliminated are described, by features, in Table 2. The first alternative (proposed action) for the Hoover Powerplant Modification is the construction of a surface powerhouse about 50 feet downstream from the present Arizona powerhouse on an extended trans- former deck. This alternative, as with all the alternatives, requires the construction of a concrete surge tank, 40 feet of which would be exposed. The powerhouse would contain two 250-MW generators which would increase the nameplate capacity of the plant 500 MW. The 500 MW would be added to the uprated capacity of 1,800 MW, for a total plant capacity of 2,300 MW. The second alternative consists of removing two small existing generating units, with a combined capacity of 90 MW, and replacing them with one large unit (350 MW). This alternative would be 240 MW short of the potential 500-MW capacity. The physical changes, with the exception of the surge tank, would be within the present powerhouse with no noticeable outside change. The 260 MW would be added to the uprated capacity of 1,800 MW, for a total plant capacity of 2,060 MW. The third alternative is similar to the first alternative except the units are built within the canyon wall with no external struc- tures, other than a surge tank, being present. The total plant capacity would be 2,300 MW. A fourth alternative is no action (future without the project). No action would be taken to increase the generating capacity of Hoover Dam. Current replacement and maintenance (uprating) programs (dis- cussed in Chapter I, Background) would continue. As a consequence of improved technology and materials since the original construction of the generators at Hoover Powerplant, the replacement and maintenance program will allow the Bureau to increase the powerplant's present nameplate capacity from 1,340 MW to about 1,800 MW.