“Chuck” Wilcox | Oglala/Lakota
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2 Kansas History Northern Cheyenne Warrior Ledger Art: Captivity Narratives of Northern Cheyenne Prisoners in 1879 Dodge City
Ledger art made by Northern Cheyenne Chief Wild Hog in 1879. Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 35 (Spring 2012): 2–25 2 Kansas History Northern Cheyenne Warrior Ledger Art: Captivity Narratives of Northern Cheyenne Prisoners in 1879 Dodge City by Denise Low and Ramon Powers n February 17, 1879, Ford County Sheriff W. D. “Bat” Masterson arrived at the Dodge City train depot with seven Northern Cheyenne men as prisoners. The State of Kansas was charging them with forty murders in what would later be identified as the last “Indian raid” in Kansas. In 1877 the government had ordered all Northern Cheyennes to move to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, which most of the tribe had found intolerable. A group of about 350 Northern Cheyenne men, women, and children escaped in September 1878. They Ofought skirmishes and raided throughout western Kansas, and eventually split into two groups—one under leadership of Little Wolf and one under Dull Knife (or Morning Star). The Little Wolf band eluded the U.S. Army, but 149 of those under Dull Knife were finally imprisoned at Camp Robinson in Nebraska.1 While army officials determined their fate, they remained in custody into the winter. They attempted to break out of captivity on January 9, 1879, and, after military reprisal, perhaps less than fifteen men remained alive. A few who escaped sought refuge at the Pine Ridge Agency in South Dakota. Military authorities sent most of the survivors back to Indian Territory except for seven men who were destined for trial in Kansas. The seven men arriving in Dodge City, a remnant of the Dull Knife fighting force, would face Ford County charges.2 Denise Low received a National Endowment for the Humanities Faculty Fellowship for completion of this article. -
The Macnider Ledger Book: Coloring the Plains Thomas Cleary
The Macnider Ledger Book: Coloring the Plains Thomas Cleary A Blue and Black Horse (detail) The Macnider Ledger Book is a unique historical and artistic document. Drawn in the 1880s by several Sioux warriors, this book recalls Sioux life just before the onset of the Reservation Period. Largely illiterate and faced with an uncertain future, these men drew scenes from memory with the hopes of preserving their individual histories. The Macnider Ledger Book is their personal narrative of Plains life. That this document exists today is nothing short of a miracle. Decades of war, poverty and politics have caused many other ledger books to be lost or destroyed. The Macnider Ledger Book, with its many individual ledger drawings, is a fortunate exception. Ledger books were initially imported into the North American Plains by Anglo businessmen. Paper was scarce in the Plains. The purpose of these hardcover books – filled with sequentially numbered, lined pages – was to keep track of financial transactions. As the books dispersed into the Plains in the mid-19th century, the pages unexpectedly became utilized for an entirely different purpose. The Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho and Kiowa tribesmen acquired them and, with their western drawing implements, they began to illustrate important scenes from their lives. These books became biographical portfolios, flush with colorful drawings of galloping horses, courting Two Parasols (Page #188) episodes, camp scenes, heroic deeds and battle exploits. How the Macnider Ledger Book first came A courting scene depicting into the hands of its Sioux authors is unknown. Sioux women, with their most How the book came to be discovered at a fashionable accessories, courthouse auction, over a hundred and thirty years later, is further puzzling. -
Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee 2006
Indian Education for All Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee 2006 Ready - to - Go Grant Elsie Arntzen, Superintendent • Montana Office of Public Instruction • www.opi.mt.gov LAME DEER SCHOOLS NORTHERN CHEYENNE SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction & Curriculum Framework ........................................................................3 Core Understandings & Learning Objectives ...............................................................8 Glossary for Lesson Content .......................................................................................17 Northern Cheyenne Recommended Grade Level Content ..........................................21 Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Model Lessons Grades 1-12 With Northern Cheyenne Content Resources .........................................................23 APPENDIX Pertinent Web Sites ....................................................................................................... 2 Protocol for Guest Speakers.......................................................................................... 3 Day of the Visit ............................................................................................................. 4 Chronology of Northern Cheyenne Government (Board Approved) .......................... 5 Amended Constitution & Bylaws of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe ............................ 9 Treaties with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe .............................................................. -
Protecting Native American Sacred Places Gatherings Compiled by Morning Star Institute
THE MORNING STAR INSTITUTE 611 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20003 (202) 547-5531 News Statement For Immediate Release 2019 NATIONAL SACRED PLACES PRAYER DAYS Washington, DC (6/20/19)-- Observances and ceremonies will be held across the land on the Summer Solstice, which is June 21 this year. The Solstice and the days before and after it mark the 2018 National Days of Prayer to Protect Native American Sacred Places. The observance in Washington, D.C. will be held on the Solstice at 8:30 a.m., on the U.S. Capitol Grounds, Union Square, diagonally across the street from the National Museum of the American Indian on Third Street, SW/NW. (See details under Washington, D.C. in the listing by state on the following pages.) Descriptions of certain sacred places and threats they face, as well as times and places for public commemorations are listed in these pages. Some of the gatherings highlighted in this release are educational forums, not ceremonial, and are open to the general public. Those that are both educational and ceremonial usually are open to the public. Most ceremonies are conducted in private. (See listings on next pages or contact those listed for specific guidance.) In addition to those listed on these pages, there are myriad observances and prayers being offered at sacred places that are both under threat and not endangered at this time, but where privacy is needed. “Native and non-Native Peoples gather at the Solstice and other times for ceremonies and events to honor sacred places. Everyone can participate in the National Prayer Days as a reminder to honor these precious lands and waters all the time by simply respecting them and not allowing them to be harmed,” said Suzan Shown Harjo (Cheyenne & Hodulgee Muscogee). -
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NICELLE BEAUCHENE GALLERY Third Floor Sometimes Dreams are Wiser than Waking: Plains Ledger Drawings Organized by Thomas Cleary and Kent Henricksen March 30 - May 5, 2019 Nicelle Beauchene Gallery is pleased to present Sometimes Dreams are Wiser than Waking, an exhibition of late 19th century drawings by Native American artists from across the Plains. Organized by Thomas Cleary and Kent Henricksen, this exhibition brings together several dozen works on paper and one on muslin, all made between 1865 and 1910. Drawings made by Native Americans from this time period are often generally referred to “ledger drawings.” Created with graphite, colored pencil, and ink on ledger book pages and other paper ephemera, the works depict courting couples, supernatural visions, heroic acts, and scenes of outdoor life. These works marked a shift in media for Native artists, as centuries-old traditions of image making were now being rendered on newly introduced materials. The paper, which is sequentially numbered and lined, was originally intended to record financial transactions by white traders and colonizers in the region. These books were repurposed by Plains artists as a new means of visual documentation of their cultural traditions. The ledger drawings provided new avenues for storytelling amidst the violence perpetrated by the United States government during forced relocation and assimilation of Native Americans across the continent. Featured Artists: Ćehu′pa/Jaw, or Okicize Tawa, (Hunkpapa Lakota, b.1850) Amidon Ledger Book and Macnider Ledger Book (both Sioux, c.1880) The Amidon Ledger Book was principally drawn by a Sioux artist named Jaw (Ćehu′pa), also known as His Fight or Okicize Tawa. -
MORNING STAR INSTITUTE 611 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20003 (202) 547-5531 News Statement for Immediate Release
THE MORNING STAR INSTITUTE 611 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20003 (202) 547-5531 News Statement For Immediate Release JUNE 20-26 SET FOR 2013 NATIONAL SACRED PLACES PRAYER DAYS Washington, DC (6/16/13)—Observances and ceremonies will be held across the land from June 20 through June 26 to mark the 2013 National Days of Prayer to Protect Native American Sacred Places. The observance in Washington, D.C. will be held on Thursday, June 20, at 8:30 a.m., on the United States Capitol Grounds, West Front Grassy Area (see details under Washington, D.C. in the alphabetical listing by state on the following pages). Descriptions of certain sacred places and threats they face, as well as times and places for public commemorations are listed in these pages. Some of the gatherings highlighted in this release are educational forums, not religious ceremonies, and are open to the general public. Others are ceremonial and may be conducted in private. In addition to those listed below, there will be observances and prayers offered at other sacred places that are under threat and at those not endangered at this time. “Native and non-Native people gather at this Solstice time for ceremonies and events to honor sacred places, but everyone can honor these precious lands and waters all the time by simply respecting them and not allowing them to be harmed,” said Suzan Shown Harjo (Cheyenne & Hodulgee Muscogee). She is President of The Morning Star Institute, which organizes the National Sacred Places Prayer Days. “Observances are necessary,” she said, “because Native Peoples are engaged in myriad struggles with developers that endanger or destroy Native sacred places.” The U.S. -
Session D-2: Reconstructing the West
Reconstructing the West Emanual Leutze, Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way, 1861 The Great Plains Missouri River Basin Stephen Long’s “Great American Desert” Fort Laramie, Wyoming 1831, 1849 Major Conflicts, 1860s-70s Steps to the Sioux War of 1876 • Late 1840s: trails built after gold discovered in CA • By early 1850s, a flood of settlers move west • 1851: First Ft. Laramie Treaty: 1. Recognized Indian “hunting grounds” (borders fuzzy); 2. US Govt. to supply annuities/food in exchange for right to build roads; 3. Most northern tribes (10,000 Indians) sign; 4. Ft. Arlington, KS Treaty of 1853 added Comanche and Kiowa • Lt. John Grattan and 30 troopers killed by Brule Sioux, Aug. 1854 near Ft. Laramie (fuss over a lame cow!) • August 1855: US Army show of force on Oregon Trail under Col. Wm. S. Harney • 1862: Sioux Uprising, Minnesota • August 11, 1864: Sand Creek Massacre, near Ft. Lyon, Colorado: Black Kettle attacked by Col. John Chivington’s 3rd Colorado Militia Cavalry; 130 women and children murdered • July 1866, Red Cloud orders attacks on the Bozeman Trail (forts Reno, Phil Kearney, CF Smith)—Red Cloud’s War Dakota Leader Little Crow, Minnesota Dakota Uprising, 1862 Col. John Chivington, Black Kettle, Cheyenne (center), Red Cloud, Oglala Sioux Fetterman Massacre and the Second Fort Laramie Treaty (1866, 1868) • Dec. 6, 1866, Lt. William Fetterman (Ft. Phil Kearney) and 30 troopers wiped out by 1,000 Lakota when he crossed Lodge Trail Ridge to follow Crazy Horse • Red Cloud keeps up pressure in 1867; Crazy Horse attacks Ft. Phil Kearny itself in August • 2nd Ft. -
Drawing on Cultural Memory: Self and Other in Native American Ledger Art
Book Review Essays 663 Drawing on Cultural Memory: Self and Other in Native American Ledger Art Spirit Beings and Sun Dancers: Black Hawk's Vision of century, artists used ermine brushes to apply oil and acryl- the Lakota World. Janet Catherine Berlo. New York: ics to canvas. George Braziller, Inc., 2000. 189 pp. Utilizing paper and pencil, pictographs were fre- quently drawn on pages found in standard bookkeepers' Arrow's Elk Society Ledger. Mike Cowdrey. Santa Fe: ledgers, apparently distributed to native artists during the Morning Star Gallery, 1999. 254 pp. latter 19th century. A number of ledgers contained draw- I Will Tell of My War Story. Scott M. Thompson. Seattle: ings bought by local traders and agents. These drawings University of Washington Press, 2000. 120 pp. tend to be less mnemonic than winter counts and more imaginative. Artistic themes are highly predictable and WILLIAM K. POWERS may be classified into larger categories such as important Lakota Books battles, autobiographies of prominent warriors and chiefs, and studies depicting successful and unrequited love The three books under review here have a common trysts, all of which appear to transcend tribal boundaries. thread, albeit unintentional, which not only underscores Interesting to cultural anthropology is the category of the artists' knowledge of themselves and their tribes, but ceremonialism in which artists render sacred objects and the cultures of others that have encompassed them during entire ceremonial scenarios in amazing detail. Natural his- early historic times. This artistic style, which ranges from tory is a less common subject but appears mainly in the allegory to realism, is generally called pictographic, or representations of animals and birds from the artist's re- ledger art, the first term referring to a variable style of art, gion. -
TEACHER's GUIDE Timeline of Events Before, During
TEACHER’S GUIDE Timeline of Events Before, During, and After the Mission MISSION 3: “A Cheyenne Odyssey” 1600s—The Cheyenne begin a migration southward from present-day Minnesota to the Dakotas. They abandon their fishing economy in exchange for a sedentary lifestyle based on lodge villages and corn-planting. 1750-1790—The Cheyenne acquire horses and, as a result, shift from agricultural-based production to migratory hunting. They also begin to use buffalo hides for the construction of tipis. 1780s—Small pox is the first European disease to impact Cheyenne and Plains Indians. 1803—In one of the largest land exchanges in history, the United States acquires the Louisiana Territory (the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains) from France for $15 million. 1804—President Jefferson authorizes Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to carry out a surveying expedition of the Louisiana territory. Lewis, Clark, and their “Corps of Discovery” travel over 8,000 miles and record information about native populations, plants, animals, and topography. 1825—The Cheyenne sign a peace treaty with the United States known as the Friendship Treaty that marks the beginning of formal relations between the tribe and the U.S. government. 1830—President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act. The controversial act forces the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes to move westward and cede all land claims east of the Mississippi River. 1830s—The establishment of a trading post at Bent’s Fort on the Arkansas River draws some Cheyenne southward, while increased traffic along the Santa Fe Trail and other emigrant routes reduces the buffalo herds and grasslands. -
Final Accounting: Traditional Ledger Art Speaks to Past and Future
Facebook Connect Twitter Connect Sign In/Register Final Accounting: Traditional Ledger Art Speaks to Past and Future By Dina Gilio-Whitaker December 8, 2011 RSS Courtesy Braun Research Library Collection, Autry National Center; 4100.G.2. 4 "Arapahoe Chief" (left) and "Cheyenne Chief," by Howling Wolf RECENT NEWS ALERTS Read More: Art Books Native American Art Alzheimer’s Early Signs Canada Billing Attawapiskat for Third- In the world of American Indian art, one of the common debates among collectors and artists alike Party Audit That Community Doesn't Want revolves around what counts as “authentic” Indian art. “The ahistorical view is closely connected to Battle Over the Trees: Indigenous Peoples the romantic sense that Native arts are unchanging and that the only ‘real’ Native American art was Denounce REDD+ at COP 17 Talks created before European contact. If made after that time, it could be authentic only if it showed no Poll: New Yorkers Support Seneca Gaming evidence of contamination by non-Native influences.” over Commercial Companies So writes author Joyce Szabo in a new book called Imprisoned Art, Complex Patronage: Plains Where Myths Are Made: Bobby Bridger's Drawings by Howling Wolf and Zotom at the Autry National Center. The book is the latest release New Book Showcases Reinvention by Szabo, a professor of art history at the University of New Mexico whose scholarship focuses on early Plains Indian ledger art. Published by the School for American Research in Santa Fe, the book is a study of two historical artifacts from the 1870s, both books of ledger drawings made by captives See More Recent News Alerts of the Fort Marion prison camp in St. -
Returning to Red Cloud's Vision: an Analysis of the History of Native American Education on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Nicholas Machado
Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Honors Program Theses and Projects Undergraduate Honors Program 12-18-2015 Returning to Red Cloud's Vision: An Analysis of the History of Native American Education on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Nicholas Machado Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/honors_proj Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons Recommended Citation Machado, Nicholas. (2015). Returning to Red Cloud's Vision: An Analysis of the History of Native American Education on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. In BSU Honors Program Theses and Projects. Item 126. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/honors_proj/126 Copyright © 2015 Nicholas Machado This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Returning to Red Cloud’s Vision: An Analysis of the History of Native American Education on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Nicholas Machado Submitted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for Departmental Honors in English Bridgewater State University December 18, 2015 Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson, Thesis Director Dr. Benjamin Carson, Committee Member Dr. Ann Brunjes, Committee Member Nicholas Machado Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson Undergraduate Thesis Fall 2015 Returning to Red Cloud’s Vision Introduction: In November of 2014, I was approached by Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson and invited to take part in a small study tour to explore the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation alongside herself, Dr. Ben Carson, and a small group of undergraduate and graduate students from Bridgewater State University. Throughout that fall semester as a student in Dr. Anderson’s Native American Writing and Rhetoric course, I had been exposed to a number of social, political, economic, and educational challenges facing populations of indigenous peoples in North America, many of which I had never been made aware of throughout my entire academic career. -
Exploring the Legacy of American Plains Indians Ledger Drawings, an Art Form Weighted by Tragedy - the Globe and Mail
8/6/2014 Exploring the legacy of American Plains Indians ledger drawings, an art form weighted by tragedy - The Globe and Mail Exploring the legacy of American Plains Indians ledger drawings, an art form weighted by tragedy James Adams The Globe and Mail Published Friday, Jul. 18 2014, 3:07 PM EDT Last updated Tuesday, Jul. 22 2014, 3:21 PM EDT “It’s very complicated.” Ross Frank was on the phone the other day trying to explain, concisely, cogently, the “difficult history” of Plains Indian ledger drawings and how it couldn’t be anything but complicated when the subject is a cultural phenomenon informed by unequal parts subjugation, resistance, acculturation, appropriation, admiration, creativity and, yes, beauty. An associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California San Diego and director of the La Jollabased Plains Indian Ledger Art Project, Frank is in the forefront of an effort to study, preserve and make available the riches of the mostly 19thcentury art form. The illustrations were usually done on lined pages and in prosaic paper ledger books used to record, say, a merchant’s spending, or the disbursal of hardtack from a U.S. Army supply depot in Wyoming. Other ledgers might have contained the accounts of an Indian agent on a reservation in Nebraska, or, more sinisterly, the target practice scores of U.S. cavalrymen circa 1874 as they trained to subdue the Cheyenne, Kiowa and the other First Nations they believed were impeding the realization of America’s socalled Manifest Destiny. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/art-and-architecture/exploring-the-legacy-of-american-plains-indians-ledger-drawings-an-art-form-weighted-by-tragedy/articl… 1/12 8/6/2014 Exploring the legacy of American Plains Indians ledger drawings, an art form weighted by tragedy - The Globe and Mail Sioux Medicine Men, attributed to Howling Wolf, Southern Cheyenne, ca.