Montana Tribal Flags and Seals
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Teacher’S Guide Teacher’S Guide Little Bighorn National Monument
LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT TEACHER’S GUIDE TEACHER’S GUIDE LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Teacher’s Guide is to provide teachers grades K-12 information and activities concerning Plains Indian Life-ways, the events surrounding the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Personalities involved and the Impact of the Battle. The information provided can be modified to fit most ages. Unit One: PERSONALITIES Unit Two: PLAINS INDIAN LIFE-WAYS Unit Three: CLASH OF CULTURES Unit Four: THE CAMPAIGN OF 1876 Unit Five: BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN Unit Six: IMPACT OF THE BATTLE In 1879 the land where The Battle of the Little Bighorn occurred was designated Custer Battlefield National Cemetery in order to protect the bodies of the men buried on the field of battle. With this designation, the land fell under the control of the United States War Department. It would remain under their control until 1940, when the land was turned over to the National Park Service. Custer Battlefield National Monument was established by Congress in 1946. The name was changed to Little Bighorn National Monument in 1991. This area was once the homeland of the Crow Indians who by the 1870s had been displaced by the Lakota and Cheyenne. The park consists of 765 acres on the east boundary of the Little Bighorn River: the larger north- ern section is known as Custer Battlefield, the smaller Reno-Benteen Battlefield is located on the bluffs over-looking the river five miles to the south. The park lies within the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana, one mile east of I-90. -
Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in English of Native American Origin Found Within
RAYNOR MEMORIAL LIBRARIES Indian origin names, were eventually shortened to one-word names, making a few indistinguishable from names of non-Indian origin. Name Categories: Personal and family names of Indian origin contrast markedly with names of non-Indian Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in origin. English of Native American Origin 1. Personal and family names from found within Marquette University Christian saints (e.g. Juan, Johnson): Archival Collections natives- rare; non-natives- common 2. Family names from jobs (e.g. Oftentimes names of Native Miller): natives- rare; non-natives- American origin are based on objects common with descriptive adjectives. The 3. Family names from places (e.g. following list, which is not Rivera): natives- rare; non-native- comprehensive, comprises common approximately 1,000 name variations in 4. Personal and family names from English found within the Marquette achievements, attributes, or incidents University archival collections. The relating to the person or an ancestor names originate from over 50 tribes (e.g. Shot with two arrows): natives- based in 15 states and Canada. Tribal yes; non-natives- yes affiliations and place of residence are 5. Personal and family names from noted. their clan or totem (e.g. White bear): natives- yes; non-natives- no History: In ancient times it was 6. Personal or family names from customary for children to be named at dreams and visions of the person or birth with a name relating to an animal an ancestor (e.g. Black elk): natives- or physical phenominon. Later males in yes; non-natives- no particular received names noting personal achievements, special Tribes/ Ethnic Groups: Names encounters, inspirations from dreams, or are expressed according to the following physical handicaps. -
Native American Indian Warfare
Native American Indian warfare 1840 – 1895 1. Raids / reasons for raids 2. Time of year for fighting & reasons 3. Changes to reasons for fighting later in the period / attitude to land 4. Why individuals fought 5. Scalping 6. Counting coup 7. Weapons 8. Signs & symbols of warfare 9. Value of horses How Warlike were the Sioux? Native Americans fought other tribes to gain horses (a sign of wealth) and to gain a wife (through impressing the girls with their success and reputation). Women and children would be captured War was about gaining and expected to contribute to their new tribe. glory, feathers and scalps were symbols of Linked closely to their spiritual a warrior’s beliefs e.g. body painting, Conclusions achievements. thought the spirits would Scalping your enemy about their protect them. Eagle feathers meant he would not culture are a marker of success in be there in the afterlife battle. to fight you again. Warfare was about showing bravery not killing your enemy e.g. getting so close to him and running away (not dying as you were needed by your family to hunt, etc) – ultimate act of bravery. Although when the Indians fought the U.S cavalry, the American soldiers saw this as cowardly behaviour. How Warlike were the Sioux? 1. What is a raiding party? 2. How often did the Sioux carry out raids? 3. What were the main reasons why the Sioux carried out raids? 4. Why did the Sioux only carry out raids in the summer? 5. How did the Sioux way of fighting change once the settlers arrived? 6. -
Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: a Lakota Story Cycle Paul A
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Paul Johnsgard Collection Papers in the Biological Sciences 2008 Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle" (2008). Paul Johnsgard Collection. 51. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paul Johnsgard Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Fiction I Historical History I Native Ameri("an Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle is a narrative history of the Pine Ridge Lakota tribe of South Dakota, following its history from 1850 to the present day through actual historical events and through the stories of four fictional Lakota children, each related by descent and separated from one another by two generations. The ecology of the Pine Ridge region, especially its mammalian and avian wildlife, is woven into the stories of the children. 111ustrated by the author, the book includes drawings of Pine Ridge wildlife, regional maps, and Native American pictorial art. Appendices include a listing of important Lakota words, and checklists of mammals and breeding birds of the region. Dr. Paul A. Johnsgard is foundation professor of biological sciences emeritus of the University of Nebraska-lincoln. -
Lifeways of Montana's First People
Lifeways of Montana’s First People User Guide Provided by The Montana Historical Society Education Office (406) 444-4789 www.montanahistoricalsociety.org Funded by a Grant from the E.L. Wiegand Foundation ©2002 The Montana Historical Society Lifeways of Montana’s First People Table of Contents I. Introduction Inventory . .2 Footlocker Use—Some Advice for Instructors . .7 Evaluation Form . .8 MHS Educational Resources . .10 Primary Sources and How to Use Them . .14 Standards and Skills for Lifeways of Montana’s First People . .21 II. Background Information Historical Narrative for Fourth Grade . .23 Historical Narrative for Instructors . .27 Outline for Classroom Presentation . .31 Amazing Montanans—Biographies . .33 Vocabulary List . .41 III. Lessons Lesson 1: The Staff of Life: Buffalo (Apstani), Blackfeet . .43 Lesson 2: Kinship System and Clothing Styles, Crow . .48 Lesson 3: Horse Power, Nez Perce . .50 Lesson 4: Seasons of the People, Salish . .64 Lesson 5: A Valuable Trade, Shoshone . .75 IV. Resources and Reference Materials Worksheets and Independent Work . .82 Bibliography . .87 — 1 — Lifeways of Montana’s First People Inventory Borrower: ___________________________________________ Booking Period: ____________________ The borrower is responsible for the safe use of the footlocker and all its contents during the designated booking period. Replacement and/or repair for any lost items and/or damage (other than normal wear and tear) to the footlocker and its contents while in the borrower’s care will be charged to the borrower’s school. Please have an adult complete the footlocker inventory checklist below, both when you receive the footlocker and when you repack it for shipping, to ensure that all of the contents are intact. -
Lands of the Lakota: Policy, Culture and Land Use on the Pine Ridge
1 Lands of the Lakota: Policy, Culture and Land Use on the Pine Ridge Reservation Joseph Stromberg Senior Honors Thesis Environmental Studies and Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis 2 Abstract Land is invested with tremendous historical and cultural significance for the Oglala Lakota Nation of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Widespread alienation from direct land use among tribal members also makes land a key element in exploring the roots of present-day problems—over two thirds of the reservation’s agricultural income goes to non-Natives, while the majority of households live below the poverty line. In order to understand how current patterns in land use are linked with federal policy and tribal culture, this study draws on three sources: (1) archival research on tribal history, especially in terms of territory loss, political transformation, ethnic division, economic coercion, and land use; (2) an account of contemporary problems on the reservation, with an analysis of current land policy and use pattern; and (3) primary qualitative ethnographic research conducted on the reservation with tribal members. Findings indicate that federal land policies act to effectively block direct land use. Tribal members have responded to policy in ways relative to the expression of cultural values, and the intent of policy has been undermined by a failure to fully understand the cultural context of the reservation. The discussion interprets land use through the themes of policy obstacles, forced incorporation into the world-system, and resistance via cultural sovereignty over land use decisions. Acknowledgements I would like to sincerely thank the Buder Center for American Indian Studies of the George Warren Brown School of Social Work as well as the Environmental Studies Program, for support in conducting research. -
Through the Bitterroot Valley -1877
Th^ Flight of the NezFexce ...through the Bitterroot Valley -1877 United States Forest Bitterroot Department of Service National Agriculture Forest 1877 Flight of the Nez Perce ...through the Bitterroot Valley July 24 - Two companies of the 7th Infantry with Captain Rawn, sup ported by over 150 citizen volunteers, construct log barricade across Lolo Creek (Fort Fizzle). Many Bitterroot Valley women and children were sent to Fort Owen, MT, or the two hastily constructed forts near Corvallis and Skalkaho (Grantsdale). July 28 - Nez Perce by-pass Fort Fizzle, camp on McClain Ranch north of Carlton Creek. July 29 - Nez Perce camp near Silverthorn Creek, west of Stevensville, MT. July 30 - Nez Perce trade in Stevensville. August 1 - Nez Perce at Corvallis, MT. August 3 - Colonel Gibbon and 7th Infantry reach Fort Missoula. August 4 - Nez Perce camp near junction of East and West Forks of the Bitterroot River. Gibbon camp north of Pine Hollow, southwest of Stevensville. August 5 - Nez Perce camp above Ross' Hole (near Indian Trees Camp ground). Gibbon at Sleeping Child Creek. Catlin and volunteers agree to join him. August 6 - Nez Perce camp on Trail Creek. Gibbon makes "dry camp" south of Rye Creek on way up the hills leading to Ross' Hole. General Howard at Lolo Hot Springs. August 7 - Nez Perce camp along Big Hole River. Gibbon at foot of Conti nental Divide. Lieutenant Bradley sent ahead with volunteers to scout. Howard 22 miles east of Lolo Hot Springs. August 8 - Nez Perce in camp at Big Hole. Gibbon crosses crest of Continen tal Divide parks wagons and deploys his command, just a few miles from the Nez Perce camp. -
Chippewa Cree Tribe
The Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation Phone: (406)395-4478 or 4210 - Finance Office 96 Clinic Road (406)395-4282 or 4321 - Business Committee Box Elder, Montana 59521 May 14,2010 Mr. Larry Strickling Administrator National Telecommunications and Information Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20230 RE: Recommendationsfor Broadband American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Applications for Round Two. Dear Mr. Strickling, Thank you for allowing the Chippewa Cree Tribe to comment on the American Recovery ano Reinvestment Act (ARRA) broadband round two applications pending before your agency. The seven Resewations in Montana have forrned the Montana Inter-tribal Telecommunications Consortium in partnership with the Native American Development Corporation by resolution to submit an application for funding through the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) to spur job creation and stimulate long-term economic growth and opportunity. These large, land based Montana Reservations average over 50% unemployment, located in remote rural areas, and are historically unserved and undeserved. This partnership will provide middle mile Broadband network to bring affordable and effective last mile opportunities to the Reservations in Montana which has few middle mile access points for reservations. Each Reservation will share in ownership of the planned middle mile network, which addresses affordability, access and the opportunity for economic development. Key anchor institutions, such as the Indian Health clinics, which provides critical services to the Reservation population are very supportive of this application's ability to bring information and communication services for health care. In addition the Montana Resewations will be able to leverage with partners Broadband services on the resewation that meet our economic goals and are of the quality that is required. -
Tribal Strategies Against Violence: Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Tribal Strategies Against Violence: Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study Author(s): V. Richard Nichols ; Anne Litchfield ; Ted Holappa ; Kit Van Stelle Document No.: 206034 Date Received: June 2004 Award Number: 97-DD-BX-0031 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Tribal Strategies Against Violence Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study Prepared by ORBIS Associates V. Richard Nichols Principal Investigator Anne Litchfield Senior Researcher/Editor Ted Holappa Investigator Kit Van Stelle Criminal Justice Consultant January 2002 NIJ # 97-DD-BX0031 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, by ORBIS Associates under contract # 97-DD- BX 0031. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Medicine Wheels
The central rock pile was 14 feet high with several cairns spanned out in different directions, aligning to various stars. Astraeoastronomers have determined that one cairn pointed to Capella, the ideal North sky marker hundreds of years ago. At least two cairns aligned with the solstice sunrise, while the others aligned with the rising points of bright stars that signaled the summer solstice 2000 years ago (Olsen, B, 2008). Astrological alignments of the five satellite cairns around the central mound of Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel from research by John A. Eddy Ph.D. National Geographic January 1977. MEDICINE WHEELS Medicine wheels are sacred sites where stones placed in a circle or set out around a central cairn. Researchers claim they are set up according to the stars and planets, clearly depicting that the Moose Mountain area has been an important spiritual location for millennia. 23 Establishing Cultural Connections to Archeological Artifacts Archeologists have found it difficult to establish links between artifacts and specific cultural groups. It is difficult to associate artifacts found in burial or ancient camp sites with distinct cultural practices because aboriginal livelihood and survival techniques were similar between cultures in similar ecosystem environments. Nevertheless, burial sites throughout Saskatchewan help tell the story of the first peoples and their cultures. Extensive studies of archeological evidence associated with burial sites have resulted in important conclusions with respect to the ethnicity of the people using the southeast Saskatchewan region over the last 1,000 years. In her Master Thesis, Sheila Dawson (1987) concluded that the bison culture frequently using this area was likely the Sioux/ Assiniboine people. -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 179/Tuesday
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 179 / Tuesday, September 15, 2020 / Notices 57239 from which the Native American human Band of Seneca (previously listed as Indians of Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of remains and associated funerary objects Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota; Sac & were removed is the aboriginal land of New York); Turtle Mountain Band of Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians Chippewa Indians of North Dakota; and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; of Oklahoma; Bad River Band of the the Wyandotte Nation. Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa • According to other authoritative Iowa; Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe Indians of the Bad River Reservation, government sources, the land from of Michigan; Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Wisconsin; Bay Mills Indian which the Native American human Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Seneca Community, Michigan; Chippewa Cree remains and associated funerary objects Nation of Indians (previously listed as Indians of the Rocky Boy’s Reservation, were removed is the aboriginal land of Seneca Nation of New York); Seneca- Montana (previously listed as the Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Cayuga Nation (previously listed as Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma); Boy’s Reservation, Montana); Citizen Oklahoma; and the Sac & Fox Tribe of Shawnee Tribe; Sokaogon Chippewa the Mississippi in Iowa. Community, Wisconsin; St. Croix Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; -
Salish & Kootenai Tribal Collection Copy
CSKT Research Guide The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes are comprised Allotment F 737 .J6 of the Bitterroot Salish, the Pend Biographies E 90 d’Oreille and the Kootenai Bison Range QL 737 tribes. Char Koosta Newspaper PN 4883 The Flathead Reservation of Education E 97 1.317 million acres in Northwest European Explorers F 500-1000 Montana is our home now, but Confederated Fiction/Poetry PR -PS our ancestors lived in the Folklore/Tales E 98.F6 territory currently known as Food E 98 .F7 Salish & Games E 98 .G2 western Montana, parts of Genealogy CS Idaho, British Columbia and Kootenai Tribal Health RA 448 Wyoming. Collection Kootenai History E 99 .K85 Kootenai Language PM 1631 The Tribal Collection includes Missionaries/ Jesuits BX 3708 over 2, 300 books, articles, Missions E 98 .M6 videos, and electronic resources. 2020-2021 Montana Tribes E 78 .M9 Music ML 3500 Photography E 77.5 Powwows E 98 .P86 Natural Resources SD-SK Salish History E 99 .S2 Salish Language PM 2261 D’Arcy McNickle Library Salish Kootenai College LB 2331.6 library.skc.edu Trading posts E 98 .C7 58138 Hwy. 93 Treaties KF 8202 P.O. Box 70 Tribal Government E 98 .T77 Pablo, MT 59855-0070 Circulation Desk 406-275-4875 FAX 406-275-4812 Culture CSKT Historical Archives The Lower Flathead River, Flathead Indian These items cannot leave the library. Please Reservation, Montana ask a staff member for assistance. Salish Kootenai College Tribal lHistory CSKT Council minutes (print) History Project CSKT tribal obituaries (print, dating CSKT F 737 .J6 L69 2008 back to mid