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Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6 ~pçÓvç 2019 Vol 4 : No. 6~ June 2019 01 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 In this issue Editorial - M.K.Raina l Editorial - M.K.Raina 01 l Our Heritage : Er. Manzoor Nawchoo - Why I Love Kashmiri Pandits 02 With the release of this issue, l JççKç lçe ÞçáKç 05 Praagaash is completing one l My Medical Journey : Dr. K.L.Chowdhury - The Puzzling Case Of Temporary Return .. 06 more year of its publication with l kçÀLç sô lç@lççÇ : ]pçjçÇHçÀ Dçncço ]pçjçÇHçÀ the new name (its old name was - nç hççvçe yçe kçáÀmç iççímç? 09 Haarvan). We thank all our l kçÀçJ³ç : iç]pçuç - HçÌÀ³çç]pç çÆouçyçj 10 writers, subscribers and readers l History : M.K.Parimoo - From the Pages of Ancient History - 2 11 for having helped us to run the e- l Urdu Poetry : Dr. Rafeeq Masoodi 15 journal without any hitches and in l Revisiting Motherland : Nirmal Bhat a professional manner. We are - Home-coming after 29 Years in Exile 16 also proud to have the inputs and write-ups from l Kundanspeak : T.N.Dhar ‘Kundan’ - Fire and Sacrifice 19 our well wishers in the Valley, leading to inclusion of l Wails : Prem Nath Shad Kashmiri content in Nastaliq script, making - And I Left 21 Praagaash the first of its kind of e-journal, l Know Your Motherland : Zaan Archives - Cheshma Shahi 22 dedicated to Kashmiri language and culture. We l Viewpoint : Prof R.N.Bhat invite more and more Kashmiri writers from the - Gandhi - His Relevance in the ...... 23 Valley to send us their Nastaliq write ups in digital l Ghulam Hassan Gulistani Poet - A Poem on Dr. O.N.Wakhlu 27 form. l kçÀçJ³ç : vç]pcç : çÆvçiçnlç mçççÆnyçç 28 A 2-Day Kashmiri Language Workshop is l kçÀçJ³ç : ]pçe iç]pçuçe - yçMççÇj Dçlnj 29 proposed to be held in Srinagar on 24-25 August l kçÀLçç mççÆjlç mççiçj-5:cç.kçÀ.jÌvçç 26 l 2019 to discuss ways and means to popularise Grandma’s Stories : M.K.Raina Kashmiri language. Though the Workshop is -34yço KJçç@nçÇ (kçÀç@çÆMçj) l Your Own Page - Ashwaq Masoodi 37 organised and planned by a group of Kashmiri l New Publications of Nadim 38 authors and Kashmiri language lovers, it is l Photo Feature 39 expected to get State govt’s support for logistics. l Letters to the Editor 41 Anybody willing to attend the Workshop is welcome and may contact the organisers directly or through Editor, Praagaash. Recently, great tributes were paid to the Kashmiri scholar, freedom fighter and Poet Amar Shaheed Sarwanand Kaul Premi at various places particularly in Jammu and Delhi. Premi was martyred 29 years ago on May 1 in Devpora, Anantnag along with his son. His contribution to Kashmiri literature has been immense and his loss has undoubtedly been a great loss to Kashmiri language. [[

Editor : M.K.Raina ~ Guide & Consulting Editor : T.N.Dhar ‘Kundan’ ~ Editorial Office : 104-B, Galaxy, Agarwal Township, Babhola, Vasai Road (W) 401202, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, India. E-Mail: [email protected] ~ Cell: +91-7507114890 ~ Website: https://kpamumbai.org/praagaash/ ~ Layout & DTP : Ashwin Raina

Project ZaanZaanisis the supported Literary by Initiative Kashmiri of Kashmiri Pandits’ Pandits’Association, Association, Mumbai. Mumbai.

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 01 02 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

Our Heritage - Er. Manzoor Nawchoo Why I Love Kashmiri Pandits? This is in consonance with the transition of Mandir of a highly revered my life from my childhood to date with no Devi on the other side of hypocrisy, bias, discrimination or any element hill. of appeasement. It will be in place to I was born in early 50's at Aali Kadal, in mention the names of Downtown Srinagar, the heart of Kashmir prominent areas with Valley amid mixed religious and cultural respect to predominant environs which have left an indelible communities in the vicinity impression on development of my personality. of my birthplace like Since Kashmir Valley is called 'Resh Vaer' for Batyar, Reshpeer, having been abode for Reshis, Munis, Sufis, Budhgeer, Bulbul Lankar, Gurgari Mohalla, Molvis, Muftis, Sadhus and Sants spread all Sehyar dominant with Pandit families and over the valley, the influence of mixed Wusi Sahib, Wazapora, Maharaj Gunj, religio–cultural impacts would be felt in every Rehbab Sahib, Jamalatta, Aali Kadal, citizen in one form or the other. Owing to the Gunzkhud dominant with Muslim families. faith of people in their respective religions and Prominently, Pandit families carried having got settled along the banks of River Dhar, Gagroo, Kanna, Gigoo, Kaul, Khar, Jehlum flowing through the heart of Srinagar Raina, Wali, Khuda, Bhan, Bhat, Salman etc city, we see many shrines and temples as their surnames and Muslim families carried situated at different strategic locations in Bhat, Zargar, Khan, Dhar, Nawchoo, Siddiqi, proportion to strength of population of different Chiken, Halwai, Wani, Mundo, Patto, Sofi, communities. It is as per this analogy that Qazi, Fazili, Shahdad, Naqeeb, Suhaf etc as there is a temple called Batyar Mandir and a their surnames. Mosque–cum–Shrine complex called Wusi Since there had been conversions from Sahib Astaan located neck to neck on the right Hindus to Muslims, having taken place in the bank of River Jehlum atAali Kadal, as Muslims valley after the advent of an Islamic Scholar of and Pandits would live together here in almost highest order namely Hazrat Sheikh Abdul equal numbers. Accordingly, we the children, Qadir Jeelani popularly known as Shah both Muslims and Pandits would mix up in Hamdaan from Khatlan city in Tajikistan, we schools, play areas and religious places find many common surnames carried by during festivals or even during daily Pandits and Muslims together. performance of respective religious rituals at Among from Pandit community there Mandirs, Mosques and Shrines. Such was a highly learned and educated Pandit amalgamation of Muslims and Pandits would namely Sh. Shamboo Nath Kaul Sahib from be seen at the Shrine of Shah Hamdan at Reshpeer Mohalla who would teach Quran Khankah–e–Moula Srinagar again on the right with its appropriate translation to Muslim bank of river Jehlum where there is the Mandir children (as told to me by my father) and of Kaali Maata also and on Koh–e–Maraan among from Muslim community there was one hillock (Hari Parbat) in the heart of Srinagar highly learned and knowledgeable Muslim Downtown where there is Shrine of Sheikh personality Kh. Abdul Samad Sahib popularly Makhdoom Sahib on one side of hill and known as Khushdil, his alias as a poet. Since

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Khushdil Sahib from Rehbab Sahib Mohalla tragedy in 90's, the peak of militancy era in was a trader at international level, he knew Kashmir when unknown gunmen killed many languages viz Urdu, Hindi, Pushtu, Sohan's two brothers (one a veterinarian and Chinese, Arabic etc and would compose other an agriculture officer) in their home at the poems in these languages which people from dead of a night. They had not migrated from both communities would read with utmost valley. This tragedy shook us all and we are respect and interest. still grieving for them. Luckily Sohan who had As is known to everybody, those days become an engineer, was posted outside literacy rate was high among Pandits and less valley, so escaped this dastardly act of some among Muslims. It is due to this reason Pandit insane and inhuman unknown gunmen for no children would be more sophisticated, well reason and cause. Here I put on record my mannered and well educated than Muslim strong condemnation of every kind of such children. For these qualities I would prefer to killings whenever and wherever happened in befriend Pandit children more than Muslim our valley called Paradise on earth. children. This equation drove me close to I had my primary school education in many Pandit families who would treat me just downtown Srinagar at then Govt. Primary like their own son without any consideration School Gurgari Mohalla where there were and discrimination. many Pandit teachers and students. One I still remember many close Pandit teacher namely Sh. Avtar Krishen and one friends with whom we would celebrate Eid and student Mr. Anoop Kannaw were exemplary Herath festivals together by inviting each and outstanding in their respective capacities. other on lunch or dinner which would give Mr. Avtar would be impressive by his dress immense pleasure to our parents and other code and teaching whereas Mr. Kanna was family members. Mothers from both inspiring by his mannerism and hygiene. Mr. communities would exchange love and Kanna later on became a Skiing Instructor and affection equally on children belonging to retired as Director Tourism Kashmir. His father other community which was selfless and had been a high ranking Govt. officer. I would unblemished. always sit beside him in the class. In this regard I cannot forget to mention After my primary schooling I went to one Pandit family residing at Jamalaatta, Mission School Fateh Kadal, then called whose one of the sons namely Sohan Lal Central High School and then to a branch of whom we would call Sohna and who was Biscoe School at Lal Chowk. Its teachers more close to us, would specially invite us to were almost all Pandits and students, Muslims lunch on the eve of Herath festival. The lunch and Pandits, were in almost equal proportion. would comprise of rice and special dishes viz Here I recollect how Pandit teachers would Gogjiaara with Cheese called Tsaaman, Fish teach us academics and extra curricular with Nadroo, Dum Aaloo and a non–veg dish activities which normally was totally absent in like Roganjosh (Mutton recipe prepared with other schools. Chilli Powder and curds) or Yakhni (Mutton Afterwards I went to Islamia High School prepared with curd). Similarly we would invite Rajori Kadal where most of the teachers were them on lunch or dinner on the following day of retired Pandits. There was a teacher namely Eid, feast comprising of rice, veg and non-veg Mr. Dina Nath who would teach us Geography dishes viz Tomato with Cheese, Chicken with but astonishingly Islamic Theology (Deenyaat) Palak, Roganjosh and Yakhni. also. It also was very amazing for me. He had It is with heavy heart to mention here more command on theology than geography that the family of Sohna was struck with a big as per my comprehension. I did my

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 03 04 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

Matriculation from this school. Subsequently I performance in his class, as a matter of went to Islamia College of Science and boosting our morale instead of depressing us Commerce wherefrom I passed my TDC Part by giving less marks as we would deserve. It – Ist . Here again the college was run by a was really philosophical and psychological on Pandit Principal Mr. J N Thusu and other his part. I pray for him to rest in peace. retired Pandit professors. Remember Islamia In between, I am delighted to mention an High School and Islamia College were extra favour shown by one gracious Pandit controlled by an Islamic Body called (name not remembering) who was the Office Anjuman–e-Nusrat–ul-Islam but run by highly Superintendent in Forest Deptt. to one of my qualified Pandit personalities which amply friends who had to proceed to the then Soviet vouch for the highest degree of brotherhood Union (Moscow) in the year 1975 where he and harmony both communities lived together had got a translator's job in a Publishing with. House. Since he was an employee of Sheep I remember Principal Prof. Thusu Sahib Husbandry Deptt, he had to collect an NOC teaching us ethics, ethos and etiquette at from his administrative deptt Viz Forest Deptt. morning gatherings which was prevalent in As he could not be given any kind of leave to this college only. It was an unblemished and remain absent from his Deptt for a long time, intentful imparting of academic and moral he was asked to resign from his services and education which I carry even now with me. get NOC. Noticing both of us worried, the said After passing my TDC Part – Ist with great Pandit officer came to our rescue. He some merit from this college, I got selected for jotted down my friend's resignation with such a Engineering Graduation Course in the then text and reasoning that he was taken back into Regional Engineering College Srinagar (now his services after his return from Moscow after NIT Srinagar). Here also Pandit teachers about five years stay there, though not giving were very impressive, inspiring and dedicated him any seniority and financial benefits. The to their duty and cause who only made us to then Secretary, Forest Deptt. took a become engineers with some mettle. compassionate view of the resignation letter Remember those days the academic which he termed as forced resignation. atmosphere was not so conducive in this Naturally we had no choice but to search for college which could made us good that great man who had got retired from the engineering students but for the zeal and zest services and paid him many thanks with our of some Pandit teachers. I still salute Late gratitude. Prof. Er. O N Wakhlu Sahib who not only (To be continued) taught us Engineering Methods and [[ Procedures but also Project Framing, About the author: Er. Manzoor Nawchoo is Management and Implementation which he retired Executive Engineer (R&B) and is would do from practical points of view in field. presently working as Consultant Engineer on He would also give tips to us for getting out of Qazigund-Banihal Road Tunnel Construction any professional and family distress which Project at Qazigund. He lives presently at was a unique character in him. For this he Gugoo, Humhama, Budgam. He carries multiple would advise us to relax at hair dresser shop legacies from his grandfather, a reputed and get our head massaged which relieves a freehand artist, and from his father, a scholarly person of any anxiety and tension. It was a teacher of his times and inherits elements of special tip from him. It was his graciousness intellect and humanity from them. Author can be that he would assign good number sessional reached at: marks to all of us irrespective of our [email protected]

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 04 05 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

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ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 05 06 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

My Medical Journey - Dr. K.L.Chowdhury The Puzzling Case of Temporary Return of Speech During my long practice I have come across spoon-fed. I removed the uniquely puzzling cases that have defied catheter from her bladder scientific explanation. One such case to give voluntary urination concerning the mother of a friend is vivid in my a chance. Thereafter, she memory and merits narration. Since it pertains was able to urinate in a to an era long past, I again taxed my friend bedpan provided to her at regular intervals, despite with queries in order to fill the hiatuses in my which she sometimes memory especially about the finer details soiled her clothes. Raj Laxmi, as she was called, had Over the subsequent weeks and months, traveled to Delhi to spend time with her elder Raj Laxmi registered progress in the control of son, an employee in the Central Secretariat. her bladder and bowel functions but without She had been in good health except for high any improvement in her speech or the blood pressure detected a decade earlier paralysis. Thereafter, life went on from one day when she was around fifty. One afternoon, to another for her and for the family members when she was barely three weeks at Delhi, who took over the care-giving of the matriarch she got a mild headache and, in a matter of with ungrudging devotion. In order to maintain about ten minutes, lost her consciousness constant vigil she was moved into the family and came down with paralysis of the right side room every morning and back into her of her body. Cerebral thrombosis (brain bedroom for the night. stroke) was diagnosed at the hospital. She Raj Laxmi was married to Gopi Nath, a gradually came out of coma in around ten social activist who sacrificed his own good for days, but the paralysis was total. She had also the community. During his younger days, he lost speech. Her younger son flew her back was a member of Mahavir Dal, a nascent home to Habba Kadal in Srinagar. Next day, I Pandit organization that spearheaded social was called to pay a home visit. reform in the community. It exhorted Pandits to I found Raj Laxmi conscious but unable cultivate the spirit of non-dependence on other to communicate and paralyzed on her right communities for what they believed were lowly side. She was neither able to comprehend jobs – menial work such as carrying monthly speech nor produce it, a condition we call total rations from theghats (food depots in boats); aphasia that results from damage to the speech centre in the brain. She did not cutting fuel wood; taking up the professions of understand anything you said, nor could she cooks, tailors, barbers, etc. He had no job and utter a word. Only some degree of sign no income. For practical purposes Raj Laxmii language was retained and I advised the was the sole breadwinner, with the meager attendants to develop communication with her wages she received as a peon at a school. through signs and gestures. Her emotions Sadly, Gopi Nath was afflicted with chronic had become flat and she seemed stoic in spite asthma made worse by a smoking habit of the devastating paralysis and speech loss. acquired from his childhood. Over the years She had to be helped to sit up; and to be his disease had progressed until he was

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 06 07 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 incapacitated from end-stage lung disease. I time whether to let their paralyzed dumb used to visit him in his second-floor attic mother know about the demise of her looking over the window at Hari Parbat. husband.At 9:30 p.m. she was moved from her Sitting on his haunches, he struck the room and made to sit up by the side of her classical asthmatic posture – wheezing and husband's corpse, as her sons tried to grunting, puffing and coughing, bringing up communicate the tragic news through phlegm, blowing his cheeks out with each gestures. respiratory exertion, hardly able to speak a She sat there looking at the shrouded sentence without visible effort and discomfort. body for some time. Then she pulled away the He had to be catheterized for his urinary shroud with her left hand, looked at Gopi Nath, obstruction as a result of prostatic rubbed his chest and suddenly got her speech enlargement. Coincidentally, Raj Laxmii too back. “Oh, why did you quit ahead of me. That developed urinary obstruction in her later was not the compact when we were married. years. I trained my friend in the art of Why are you so selfish? To whose care have catheterization so he didn't have to depend you left me? Oh, why have you deceived me?” upon nurses and doctors every time. I She had spoken again after 14 years but admired him for his devotion to his bed-ridden turned speechless soon after and just sat there parents, and gave him the honorific of for nearly three hours, unemotional, like a Shravan Kumar, the mythological hero of statue, no crying or sighing or beating of her Ramayana and a shining example of parent- chest. Her son carried her to her bed. Next care. morning, she was again moved near the May 1990, when religious frenzy was at corpse, but she remained speechless all its peak in Kashmir, Gopi Nath developed through the funeral ceremony until the bier was acute retention of bladder. His son failed to being carried out of the room when she introduce the catheter so I was called in. When regained her speech for one last time. Gopi Nath's bladder was drained, he thanked “Oh, where are you taking him. Please me profusely and said, “Doctor Sahib, you don't leave me behind. Take me along with know I am on my last legs; I don't understand him.” Soon she fell silent and resumed her why my son inconvenienced you. All the same former stance, never to speak again. She lived I will feel happy to quit without having to carry three more years. this shame with me.” I could see the end In spite of the extensive damage to her coming, and so could he. brain from the stroke, Raj Laxmi understood The next morning, Gopi Nath was found the meaning of death. She felt it strongly. She crouched on the bare floor of his bedroom. He must have been conscious of the entire goings had removed his clothes, pulled the catheter on for all the fourteen years but unable to give out, and was bleeding from the urethra. voice to her thoughts and expression to her “Father, why are you naked?” his son asked emotions. That must have been the greater him. tragedy, worse than the loss of function of her “Because my time has come; I came right side. But I have not been able to naked, I will return naked. Please give comprehend the dynamics of the temporary everything that belongs to me away in charity.” miraculous return of her speech. In all such True to his premonition, his lungs finally gave cases one naturally goes back to the genesis up and he left his frail body at 7 p.m. on the of events, seeks past history of illnesses if any, same day. including the personality and behavioral The family members debated for some patterns of the patient that may offer some

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 07 08 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 clues. So I went back into her past and some week's time. sketchy facts came to light. These two events give us some idea The first clue surfaced from an event in about Raj Laxmi's persona. She emerges as 1978, when Raj Laxmi had sustained a fall in impetuous, emotional and psychoneurotic and her bathroom while taking a shower. Her even subject to mood disorders under stressful family had found her lying on the floor, eyes situations. However, it does not explain the open but making no movement whatever, and sudden temporary return of speech after 14 unable to speak. A group of relatives had years. The right sided paralysis and loss of carried her to the legendary Dr Ali Jan. He had speech were no doubt pathological, and not a ordered the distraught relatives to go out of his hysterical conversion reaction. And her consulting chamber and not to create neurological examination confirmed it was a unnecessary ruckus while he examined her. In stroke. Besides, I have not heard of hysterical a matter of about ten minutes, he was seen paralysis of such a long duration. Hysterical helping Raj Laxmi out of his room, as she aphonia (loss of speech) is well known; again walked slowly and spoke feebly. He had there is no recorded case lasting as long as 14 discovered the high blood pressure and asked years. them to restrict her salt and give her the pill The only theoretical explanation that that he prescribed. The sons described the comes to my mind is a burst of neuro- whole event as a miracle, but it certainly chemicals from the brain under extreme seems to have been a hysterical stress, firing signals in the neurons and manifestation, an over reaction to a trivial fall prompting the temporary return of the speech sustained in the bathroom that the astute mechanism. In the case of Raj Laxmi, it was clinician had not only diagnosed correctly but the shocking news of her husband's demise. also treated promptly. This episode clearly We know of Parkinson patients regaining reveals the psychiatric proclivities of Raj muscle power in conditions of extreme danger, Laxmi. enabling them to run. But, as I said, it is a wild There was another event that came to postulation in the present case, and the surface. This happened much earlier in temporary return of Raj Laxmi's speech will nineteen sixties when some prominent remain an enigma. members of Mahavir Dal deserted the social organization to join lucrative careers offered Contact Dr at : by the then government to wean them away [email protected] from this Pandit organization that was gaining popularity in the community. Their betrayal had demoralized the dedicated activists, including Gopi Nath, and left them high and Experience is that dry. He couldn't show his face to his relatives marvellous thing that who ridiculed him for being a parasite on his wife, wasting his time in an organization that enable you had lost its luster as also its relevance. This had infuriated Raj Laxmi who had lost self recognise a mistake control, poured imprecations at them, turned when you make it aggressive, and even violent. She had to be confined in a room until medical help was again. sought and she had quietened down in a

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 08 09 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 kçÀLç sô lç@lççÇ - ]pçjçÇHçÀ Dçncço ]pçjçÇHçÀ nç hççvçe yçe kçáÀmç iççímç?

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Faiyaz Dilbar is a film maker. He started his career with the Children's programmes of Radio Kashmir, Srinagar. He writes poetry in Kashmiri and Urdu. He has left Kashmir 30 years ago and is presently settled in Delhi. He can be reached at : [email protected]

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History - M.K.Parimoo From the Pages of Ancient History - 2 The authenticity and description of various That is why there is also a ancient tirthas of Kashmir valley is recorded in Shiva temple in the various Samhitas as documented by some Zethyaer temple complex. rishis such as Bringesh and Brughu reshi According to Pt. Anand during ancient past in Kashmir. Kaul Bamzie (1924) During the month of Jyeshtha, two another ancient temple is tirthsthals, one Tulamula and the other on the top of Zethyaer find their proper places in the Shankaracharya hill called Rajtarangini of Kalhana Pandit. Zetheshwar temple. The earliest historical Jyeshtha Devi is that manifestation of description has also been given by Pt. the Almighty, who removes poverty and Kalhana in his Rajtarangini about this hill. misfortunes of all the devotees. Due to some According to this court historian (11-12th unknown reasons some people had been century) of Kashmir, King Gopaditya had under an unauthentic conception that granted the land to the Kashmiri Brahmins at Jyeshtha Devi bestows poverty and the foothill of Gopadari and that habitat was misfortunes only to the devotees. Had such a named ‘Gopa Agraharaas’. Later the name misconception any footing, then why the Devi was rechristened as Gupkar and the road still Bhakhts in the South India still worship bears the official name Gupkar Road. Jyeshtha Devi as Shitla Devi with full faith. According to Kalhana Pandit King Gopaditya As described by Bhullar as well as got constructed some dwellings for the Kalhana Pandit a Holy Spring and some ruins Kashmiri Brahmins in the next door village of Jyeshtha Devi have been spotted by both at called Bhukshirvatika (present Buchhvore). It the present site of the temple Zethyaerr is the same King Gopaditya who built the situated at Zabarwan in Srinagar Kashmir. temple of Jayaeshteshwara (Lord Shankara) Towards the end of twentieth century major around 371 B.C.E. Abu Fazal the renowned renovatory work has been got done by various historian also records that the King Gopaditya organizations of Kashmiri Hindus with the had built this temple. Most of the historians of result Zethyaer temple Shrine has been given the later period also agree that the King Lalita a face lift so as to attract the tourists. Rooms ditya Muktapida (724-726) A.D of Karkota with cooking facilities are provided with a dynasty had got the temple repaired. maximum stay of one week at nominal According to another court historian of charges. Traditionally every year Yatra starts Kashmir Srivara, King Zain-ul-Abdin for Zethyaer temple Shrine from the first (Budshah) had also carried out some major Thursday of the month of Jyeshtha, thus repairs to the temple including the kalash Zethyaer temple Shrine is also an ancient (spire) and also the roof of the temple. There is Holy place of worship in India. a huge Shiva Lingam which is worshipped by As scientifically authenticated that the devotees inside the temple atop the hill. Energy and Power cannot be separated from Every year pilgrims do go on the day of each other, similarly Energy (the female part) Shrawana Poornima to pray and pay their of the Almighty cannot be separated from it. obeisances before ShivaLingam.

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The Dogra King Gulab Singh (1846-1857)A.D the dead body of Alimardaan Khan was buried got constructed the steps to the at that very spot where he had the spiritual Shankaracharya hill from DurgaNag temple glimpse of Lord Shiva and where he used to site. Maharaja of Mysore had also visited offer daily Namaz. The tomb was existing at Kashmir in 1925 and got electrical the very spot up to 1990A.D. installations at the temple of Shankaracharya Another ancient festival observed and atop the hill out of his own personal expenses. celebrated in Kashmir on every ashtami of According to other historical facts, Adi bright fortnight of the Lunar month is at Shankaracharya had composed Soundriya Tulamula temple, also called Mata Kheer Lahri atop this ancient Gopadari hill. Bhawani temple, which is dedicated to According to historical beliefs Jyaeshteshwar Goddess Raginya tracing its history temple has been got constructed by the King thousands of years back from Lord Rama's Gopaditya in 371 B.C.E. and the temple was time on the earth i.e. Tritya Yug. As Reshi known as Gopadari temple also. After the visit Bringesh describes in Maha Raginya of Adi Shankaracharya this Shiva temple is Pradurbhav, the appearance of Raginya also called Shankaracharya temple. Pt. Bhagwati in Kashmir from Ravana's Lanka, Anand Kaul is also of the opinion that the King where she was Ravana's Ishta Devi under the Sandiman reigned Kashmir from 2629 to 2564 name Shyama. Canto II 58 explains that at the B.C.E. and he got the temple constructed last death stroke on Ravana by Lord Rama, which was later repaired by the King appeared the Goddess Shyama with wrathful Lalitaditya. In 1961 Shankaracharya of copper red eyes smiled a bit and addressed Dwarka peetham put the statue of Adi Ravana “Shame upon you, a degraded Shankaracharya in the temple premises on demon as you are, I shall forsake your land the Shankaracharya hill in appreciation of and proceed to my choicest abode in Soundriya Lahri composed by the great Seer. Himalayas Kashmir the Satisar”. So Lord According to the Samhitas the regular Rama commanded Hanumana to take the worship of Jyestha Devi continued up to the charge of Goddess and proceed with tenth century at the temple for dispelling all bestowed speed towards Satisar Kashmir. misfortunes of the devotees. This Devisthal Mounted on the serpent King Ananta has also been a suitable place for centuries, surrounded by three hundred sixty snakes, dispelling all misfortunes. This Devisthal has Hanumana planted the feet of Shree Shyama also been a suitable place for meditation due on his back and arrived in the northern region to its solitude and peaceful environment. of Himalayas Satisar, where the ever bountiful The sanctity of the area between the land was as soft as cotton and earned the foothill of Shankaracharya temple and name Tulamulya (in Sanskrit) and Tulamula in Zethyaer temple draws the attention towards Kashmiri. Here the Goddess Shyama is a spiritual incident of eighteenth century A.D. worshipped as Mata MahaRaginya Kheer which had occurred with an Afghan Governor Bhawani. Alimardaan Khan who had a spiritual glimpse Dr. Bhular and Dr. M.A.Stein have also of Lord Shiva and Goddess Uma around 4.00 written in detail about the temple Shrine of a.m. Thereafter he became restless and Mata Kheer Bhawani at Tulamula. Prof. Stein finally wrote the Persian Leela starting with writes that the Purohit Corporation of the stanza…“हुमा असली महेश्वरा बूडशबशहे की Tulamulya is represented as a well – to – do and influential body under the King Jayapida मन दीदम” Moreover according to his wishes of Kashmir. Various historians and

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 12 13 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 researchers are of the opinion that the dome shaped umbrella of marble MahaRaginya is actually a manifestation of constructed to protect the main Sanctorum Durga, who is held in great veneration by the from the vagaries of the weather. Brahmin population of Srinagar. Moreover, According to Bringesh Samhita the Holy Spring of Tulamulya exhibits “Thulamulyakam” i.e. 'the soft land' used to get miraculous changes in the color of the water immersed during the rainy season due to the from time to time, which are ascribed to the flood in the Sind. manifestation of the Goddess. Regarding the exact location of A renowned Persian historian Abul- Raginya Kund (the Holy Spring of Goddess Fazal-ibn Mubarak (1551-1602) A.D. Raginya), one of the story goes that Mata demarcates the place Tulamulya and its Raginya appeared in a dream to one Devi marshy surroundings in his historical book Devotee Pt. Govind Joo Gadru and instructed “Ain-i-Akbari”. About 4 kms to the east of him to reach the Kund. Pt. Govind Joo Gadru Tulamula is the village of Dudrhom on the hired a boat at Salora, moved through Anchar main branch of Sind. This village is also Lake, took a big pot of milk with him and after repeatedly referred by another court historian covering some distance, his boat got struck of ancient Kashmir Srivara under original and the spot was bubbling with milky water. He name of Dugdhashrama. poured the milk he had taken with him and the Pandit Sansarchand Kaul, an area got marked with milky water, a Yantra ornithologist and a renowned teacher shaped design appeared around the place and (Tyndale Biscoe Memorial School Srinagar) thus the proper Kund of the Shrine of Raginya and a resident of Rainawari Srinagar writes in got rediscovered. his book “Khirbhawani Kashmir India” that a Another story of tracing the Raginya Kashmiri Pt. M.N.Dhar who was 90 years old Kund is that once a great flood had covered the at that time used to walk over narkat grass whole area in Tulamula. One pious Brahmin from Aanganvaer to Khir Bhawani Pt. Krishan Joo of Rainawari was informed in (Tulamulya) temple Shrine. Moreover it is his dream about the submerging of Raginya same Pt. M.N.Dhar who had painted the same Kund. He was at a loss to identify the exact picture of Mata MahaRaginya as witnessed spot in the flooded waters. He was directed to by him during a dream. After sometime reach Shadipora and “there a serpent Nag Dev Mahant Dharmdas of Baba Dharmdas will guide you to the proper place”. Pt. Krishan Temple upper Sathoo Barbarsha made a Joo followed the instructions. On reaching rough road and also one trader Radha Shadipora by a boat suddenly a serpent Krishan Shah of Radha Krishan&Sons Travel appeared before the boat and he followed it. Agency Srinagar constructed the Holy When it reached the particular spot the 'Nag Spring's Parikrama with Baramula stones. Dev' made three rounds and jumped into the Maharaja Ranbir Singh constructed a water and disappeared. Krishan Joo put some dharmashala here and The Dharmarth Trust tree branches round the place as a mark. He of Jammu & Kashmir looked after the Khir rushed back to Srinagar and marched with Bhawani Shrine. The Shrine temple was later some Kashmiri Pandits, taking with them renovated and constructed by Maharaja Kheer (a pudding made with milk and rice, dry Pratap Singh with main deities MahaRaginya fruits and jaggery) for submersion in the Kund. and VamaDeva (a manifestation of Lord They filled the area with earth, stones, trees Shiva) inside the Sanctum Sanctorum. and the Raginya Kund got again marked and Maharaja Hari Singh got the main pillars and decorated with flowers etc. Maharaja Pratap

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Singh got beautiful Chinar trees around the temple by the Kashmiri devotees has started. Holy Spring. Till date Kheer or raw milk is On 26th June, 1898, Swami offered by the devotees reverently to Vivekananda had also visited Khir Bhawani propitiate the Holy Mother Raginya. Temple. On reaching there Swami According to another story, a saintly Vivekanada found extreme serenity and person and a devotee of Mata Maha Raginya, peace at the temple. He had visited the temple Pt. Labhuram also known as 'Labishah' was along with some of his disciples including taken to Afghanistan and imprisoned there for Sister Nivedita (His first lady disciple after a misidentified person. Those days, Swami Ji's first visit to Chicago, U.S.A. to Kashmiris used to put on a long white sheet of deliver his first speech of Advaita Vedanta in cloth around their shoulders over the local the parliament of World religions). Sister dress 'Pheran' and a turban on their heads Nivedita was actually one Margaret Elizabeth while appearing before a King. Being a Noble before she joined Swami Vivekanada in devotee, Labhuram wrote a request in the his Noble mission. form of a verse in Kashmiri on the white sheet It won't be out of context to mention here of cloth and throughout his request he had that as described in the Biography of Swami shed 'tears of obeisance', the moment he Vivekananda by one of his another disciple finished it, he fell into deep sleep. It is said that Romand Roland (Basically a French & a the Afghan King got an order in his dream that Judge by profession) that Swami Pt. Labhuram be released immediately. The Vivekananda visited Kashmir Valley twice. order was followed and he was bailed out Both the times he was the guest of the unconditionally with full honor. From that day maternal grandfather of my mother (Pt. Lala Pt. Labhuram sat near the entrance of the Kaul Bujoo) at Gurguri Mohalla ZainaKadal in Holy Spring and his kutia was there up to the down town of Srinagar. Sh. Lala Kaul Seventies of the last century. Bujoo and his first cousins had that time a There is one more story about another flourishing business of Kashmiri Arts & Crafts devotee of Mata MahaRaginya and her name with their business outlets not only in Srinagar was “Sed Lakshmi”. She used to live but also at Gulamarg, New Delhi and Rangoon somewhere in the down town of Srinagar city. in Burma (present day Myanmar). It is also said that on Ashtami of every bright It is also a recorded historical fact that fortnight of Samvit Calendar (also known as Swami Vivekananda offered huge quantity of the Kashmiri Calendar), Smt. Sed Lakshmi milk at the Holy Spring of Mata Khir Bhawani. used to travel transcendentally to Mata Khir Immediately, Swami Ji's mind was somewhat Bhawani Temple Shrine for a common cause disturbed by the then overall condition of the of every Kashmiri Pandit family and there she temple. He wished for the renovation work to used to pray and wish before the deity for the be undertaken by him. Instantly, Swami Ji fell overall prosperity of every devotee especially unconscious and went into Samadhi. After the Kashmiri household ladies who would visit coming out of it, tears of devotion rolled down the Temple Shrine of Mata Khir Bhawani on his eyes and he bowed down before the deity the day of Ashtami of bright fortnight every and left the temple premises. month and her wish would be fulfilled by the (To be continued) deity. It has been agreed by various [[ researchers and thinkers of the community Author can be contacted at : that from that day the tradition of visiting the [email protected]

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Dr. Rafeeq Masoodi is former Additional Director General, Doordarshan and Secretary, J&K Academy of Art, Culture & Languages. Dr. Masoodi has won many national and international awards like Samapa Award, Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti Award, Purvsuttar Hindi Samman, J&K State Award for Meritorious Services and the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award. Dr. Masoodi originally hails from Rafiabad, Baramulla. He was a Hindi student post 10th class and went upto highest degree from JNU. He was a student of Dr. Agnishekhar at Sopore College. Dr. Masoodi presently lives at Shivpora in Srinagar and can be reached at: [email protected]

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Revisiting Motherland - Nirmal Bhat Home-coming After 29 Years in Exile

13 April 2019 will remain a date engraved security personal all around, in my memory till eternity, the day when I I realised it's not the same landed in Kashmir after almost 30 Years of place we left some 30 Years being in exile. It was not an easy decision to ago. On the way, he and the make and took me many years to gather the driver were talking in courage and plan the visit.With the situation Kashmiri and I also joined, still volatile especially after the recent attack in couldn't hold back for long :-), Pulwama and the ongoing elections, I almost they were immensely planned to cancel the trip altogether, but my surprised and we kept talking all along the wife insisted we should visit, and took off on journey. Monday, April 15 2019, the day I have been waiting for all these years and the only purpose of my visit. My eyes were moist and the heart was pumping more blood than usual while we started the journey to my village Tailwani, a forgotten village about 30kms from nearest My Home Town Anantnag. On the way once we crossed Anantnag town, where I did 12th April. As we landed in Srinagar early all my schooling, nothing has changed over morning, tired after the flight from KL and a 3+ these years, the roads and lanes are still hours delay from Delhi, we were welcomed by crowded, and I could immediately recognise slight drizzle and cold weather, adding to the the lanes and by lanes I used to walk on the wa beauty of Kashmir. Thoughts in my mind were going whirlwind, and it seemed the time has turned back by few decades. I could immediately feel the warmth of people around and the lovely feeling of belonging to this place. We were warmly welcomed by our local guide, who had come down to receive us and we got into the car with him. We sat down and drove out of the Airport, the atmosphere was calm but I could feel a strange silence, with A solitary Hindu house

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introduced myself, they warmly welcomed me and my family. I kept staring at the house and looked around the fields, they were still lush green as they used to be years back. The home we left was strikingly different than what was standing here now. Ours was a three storied house painted in white, with a huge glass room on the first floor, and it was Me in my fields visible from a distance. People would stop on the road and admire the beauty, and would call it "White to my school, alas! the school has been House". The one I see now is just a house shutdown now.After another 30 mins or so we made of brick and mortar, the current owner should be in my village. With every moment, tells me that they had to redo a lot of work after the heart beat was growing faster, I kept the fire that burnt it down. The original house wondering how the place would look like, can I was burnt down in 90's. recognise my place, my house, the people I I asked for permission to look inside but grew with? couldn't gather the courage to go up, but my Finally here I was, at my birthplace. To wife decided to go to all the floors and rooms. It my utter surprise the place has changed a lot, the road which used to full of Apple Orchids on both sides, was now covered with houses. I tried to guide the driver to my house through the main road but failed, I couldn't find the way. So we had to enter the village and had to ask around, the place looked alien The headless Ganesha to me and we had to park the car at a place was heartbreaking, to say the least, and I don't and decided to track the way to my house after asking some of the folks. There was a have enough words to explain the emotions I buzz in the village and people were peeping was going through. I spent some time there out of their windows, I could imagine the with the family and also was joined by some curiosity as not many people visit villages. So more neighbours and talked about the good with some guidance we managed to reach my old days. Although I couldn't recognize any of home. I was literally trembling as I entered the them but it was good to connect with them. courtyard, and for a moment I couldn't believe After having a cup of noon-chai (Kashmiri it was true, not a dream. salted tea served in Villages) we decided to ` I greeted the current owners and move and also have a look around the village.

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A lot has changed over these 30 odd Years, all the Hindu houses are now owned by new owners, sold in distress and not by choice. There is just one house standing tall and I was told this cannot be sold as it belongs to some Dharmarth trust. Our old house was just opposite to it, I have Old Shiv Mandir some very fond memories of my early days of childhood of this place.This house is These pictures are the epitome of barbarism also a testament of the barbaric attack on the that we had to face during the 1990's when the families who stayed back and didn't migrate, terrorism was at peak on 4th Feb, 2000, read My Last Blog: Kashmir So theDream I had, unfortunately came Without Kashmiri Pandits One of the elderly out to be true and with that all the hopes of person from village tells about the horrific returning to my home were shattered. There is evening and how they couldn't do anything to nothing left behind to go back. The village prevent the attack from happening. which used to be our home, and example of I also decided to visit the Ganesha harmony is long gone and we will continue to Temple, where we used to go and pray be in exile forever. I also realised its the similar everyday and celebrate all the festivals and story in other villages, towns and cities, after also the old Shiv Mandir. But my heart sank traveling through length and breadth of when I saw the condition of both the temples. Kashmir during our week long stay. It was difficult for me to decide whether we Abandoned houses and temples, with no abandoned them or God has forgotten us. signs of Kashmiri Pandits, is a norm everywhere. We can very well visit Kashmir as tourists but not to return back to our roots. Time is not conducive yet but the day is not far when we will. Tathasthu.

[[ Author can be reached at: [email protected]

The Ganesha Temple [[

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Kundanspeak - T.N.Dhar ‘Kundan’ Fire and Sacrifice Fire is one of the five main elements, in fact variety of fires and their an important element at that, so much so that respective items of the Greek philosopher Heraclitas (540 B.C. to oblations. There are our 490 B.C.) considered this as the main senses of hearing, seeing, substance. The Vedas have given it immense smelling etc. These are importance; The Rig Veda starts with the given as oblation in the fire mantra addressed to the sacred fire, of restraint. These senses ‘Agnimeele purohitam ratnadatamam – I bow in their turn form a fire in to thee O, Fire!, the benevolent one and the which sense objects are giver of wealth.' Science also has identified offered as oblations. Self- various forms of fire. The lightening is one of control is another form of the forms of the fire. There is forest fire. Even fire kindled by knowledge. the water has fire in it which is converted into In this fire we offer all the actions of our senses hydro-electricity. There is fire within human and the functions of the life-giving breath as body that digests all that we consume. Lust oblation. When oblation is offered into the and passion are fire too and these activate our sacred fire it is termed as 'yajna' or sacrificial senses violently. Our ancestors, sages as fire. The act is differently termed as 'yajna', or they were, had identified various forms of fire 'homa' or ' havana'. The oblation is called as 'Davaagni', 'Vadvaagni', 'Jatharaagni' etc. 'aahuti', the sacrificial fire is known as Every form of fire demands sacrifice in 'hutavaha' and one who makes the offering is the shape of an oblation. Trees are oblation to called 'hota'. The nomenclature for the fire is the forest fire and food is an oblation to the fire significant in as much as it means 'the c arrier of in the tummy. This oblation, our sages have the oblations'. The question is 'where does it taught us, is to be given as a sacrifice. By carry the oblations and the offerings'. The doing so, we practise detached action, which answer given by our scriptures is simple, that it in turn frees us from all types of bondages. carries these offerings to the gods 'devatas', to While offering an oblation we say 'Agnaye whom these substances belong. There is a swaha - this is an offering for the sacred fire' variety of these sacrifices which we offer, the and then hasten to add, 'Idam agnaye, idam wealth, austerity, self-study, knowledge, na mama - this belongs to fire and this is not extreme vows and self-denial and even yoga mine.' In the words of the poet we say, 'Tera whereby the individual soul or 'jeevaatma' gets tujh ko sonpte kya laagata hai more – I hand merged with the universal soul 'paramaatma'. over to you what is already yours and in doing There is yet another type of sacrificial fire so I lose nothing.' This gives us a mental going on continuously without any break or let attitude of detached action. Naturally, up in our lives. The inhaled air is offered as therefore, we reap neither good fruit for good oblation into the fire of exhaled air and the deeds nor bad fruit for bad actions and our exhaled air is offered into the fire of inhaled air. position is 'Padma-patram-iva ambasa – lotus This sacrificial fire is kept kindled by those who pod in the water, unscathed and unaffected. are engaged in the regulation of the life-energy This is also in line with what is stated in or life-essence called 'Prana', by the exercise Ishavasya Upanishad, ‘Tena tyekhtena called 'pranayama'. The knowledgeable who bhunjithah - one should enjoy everything in a have mastered this technique treat the breath detached way.' as fire as well as an oblation and are constantly Shrimad Bhagvad Gita has described a engaged in this 'yajna-karma'. This destroys all

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Wails - Prem Nath Shad AndILeft

Offering as sacrifice All the small gatherings of a life-time Under duress, at the altar of indifference I left my home for ever, All the heritage of faith and trust I delivered back to them And left I did not know whom to trust. Like a mother caressing her child That is snatched from her. Tears flowed apace The heart cracked In the early dawn stealthily I left I fed my hearth with its own blood There was frost on the ground And I left my home. And the wind was icy cold.

Like taken unawares by fire My breath got choked I left the doors open My throat felt gagged as if in a chain I left, leaving windows unbolted Just leaving, I don't know to whom I trusted the keys I cast a last glance at my home You know I had to leave in haste Bending askance my shoulders How would I know? From the narrow lane.

With hands folded Fear, helplessness, apathy I entered the Puja room Ruled the roost in Kashmir Washed Shiv Lingam with milk These strengthened my resolve Offered him candy sugar cane And in despair I left. And bowing backward left. I left my heavenly home I put a marigold garland round my cow Most probably for ever. I fed her with a morsel of dry linseed And left. (Translated from Kashmiri by R.N.Kaul I tied the new born calf in a dry rope [[ I kissed its forehead And left

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KnowYour Motherland - Zaan Archives Cheshma Shahi

Cheshma Shahi or the 'Royal Spring', in terraces, it divides the garden into three nearly 10 Kms. from Srinagar is the smallest sections, an aqueduct, waterfall and fountains. garden laid amid the wooded Zabarwan A two-storey Kashmiri hut stands at the first Range by the Mughals. It was laid in the reign terrace which is the origin of the spring. The of emperor Shah Jehan by his governor Ali water then flows down through a water ramp Mardan Khan in 1632 AD as a gift for Shah (chadar) into the second terrace. The second Jahan's son Dara terrace serves as a water pool and a large Shikoh. The Garden has pure Image : JKTDC crystalline spring rising from the base of Zabarwan mountains. To its east is Pari Mahal where Dara Shikoh used to learn astrology and where he was later killed by his brother Aurangzaeb. Spread over an acre of land, Cheshma fountain stands at its centre. The water again Shahi Garden is 108 meters long and 38 flows down through a water ramp into the third meters wide. Garden's central feature is a terrace, which is a square five-fountain pool. It square fountain pool fed by the water chute is the lowest pool at the entrance of the garden. from the spring. The mineral water of the Chashme Shahi originally derives its Spring is reputed for its curative properties. name from the spring which was discovered by The Garden has varied and multi-hued the great female saint of Kashmir, Rupa flowers and is called the 'Nursery of Bhawani, who was from the Sahib clan of Floriculture'. The garden presents Mughal Kashmiri Pandits. The family name of Rupa architecture as used in different Mughal Bhawani was 'Sahib' and the spring was gardens. It has Iranian influence in its art and originally called 'Chashme Sahibi'. Over the architecture and the design is based on the years the name got corrupted and today the Persian gardens. Aldous Huxley has place is known as Chashme Shahi. described the garden as 'architecturally the most charming of the gardens near Srinagar'. [[ Located near Raj Bhawan (Governor's house) overlooking Dal Lake,the Cheshma [Source: Jammu & Kashmir by Somnath Dhar Shahi garden remains open from March to ~ Wikipedia ~ JKTDC Literature] November. As the water from the Spring flows down [[

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Viewpoint - Prof R.N.Bh at Gandhi - His Relevance in the Contemporary World

ABSTRACT: The Gandhian strategy of mobilising people has been successfully employed internationally by many marginalized communities under the leadership of Martin Luther King in the United States, Nelson Mandela in South Africa, and Aung Saan Sun Kyi in Myanmar. Albert Einstein observed: “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth”. The present essay presents a brief overview of Gandhian principles and attempts to support minor modifications therein in accordance with the time and space to build a strain-free and peace-loving, democratic, secure, fearless, crime-free society across the continents.

India has attracted people from across the boundaries. continents for millenniums on account of her Gandhi's Principles knowledge, culture, wealth and spiritualism. Gandhi saw non-violence as a non-negotiable India is capable of guiding the world in the absolute. He called non-violence “the first present epochs in accordance with the article of my faith and the last article of my demand of space. In creed”. His entire the present-day world, critique of civil society violence is being was premised on his committed in the name belief that modern of faith, retaliation, and civilization was hatred, hence, essentially based on Gandhi's thought of violence and promoted non-violence [a- violence. Indian himsā] makes greater civilization and its sense. Gandhi's institutions had the thoughts and practice potential to make a have provided difference, he guidance to millions of believed. His critique people who work for and the vision were the freedom and both based on non- justice of the oppressed humanity. In the violence. Gandhi was not willing to put any following sections, an attempt will be made to cause above non-violence, not even the present a brief outline of Gandhi's major freedom of India. For him non-violence was an principles without offering any critique thereof. end in itself, for morality lay in non- violence. Towards the end of the essay a couple of Non-violence, for Gandhi, wasdharma . Such proposals have been put forward for an over- a position, however utopian it sounds, is the all progress of humanity, and for the only one that can disrupt the cycle of violence. preservation of linguistic and cultural In it lies the agenda for mankind's diversities across politico-geographic survival.Gandhi's life, work and ideas are a

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Indians alone. Like Gautama Buddha, his Gandhi's simple attire of loin cloth, thought and action had the welfare of all wooden sandals, a bowl and a walking stick human beings at the root of his mind-thought. were the possessions of this saint- He very vividly admits that his writings lack philosopher. Gandhi sought solutions to the consistency because he has been problems of India by introspecting while experimenting with 'truth' at every moment. “In fasting. Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts and my search after Truth, I have discarded many practice can guide humanity in all departments ideas and learnt many new things. Old as I am of administration, education and socio-cultural in age, I have no feeling that I have ceased to life. He believed, and firmly so, that an grow inwardly or that my growth will stop at the awakened and free India can publicize dissolution of the flesh” [Harijan , 1940]. message of peace and goodwill to the entire Gandhi's ideas, it is clear, have evolved over world. time, although his trust in truth and non- Gandhi's Idea of 'Trusteeship' violence has been unwavering. Search of Gandhi was against the use of property as a Truth adds dynamism to his means for exploiting others. thought and action; hence He detested 'idlers' and Gandhi's thought can be advised others to prevent revisited and modified, the growth of idlers. He where necessary, to make it desired for every human- suitable for the being a house to live in, contemporary world. proper food to eat and Gandhi's simplicity: adequate clothes to cover Social scientists have observed that in order to the body. However, he identify with the deprived, supported hard-working illiterate, and poor masses and talented people to earn of India and to defy the more. He advocated for British Colonial rule, lessening the gap between Gandhi wore a loin-cloth-- a the rich and the poor. He sign of India's poverty. expected the rich to use Gandhi returned from their talent and wealth for South Africa to India in the betterment of the 1915, he knew that clothing society as trustees. could convey important messages, and he Landlords and capitalists were expected to consciously chose to dress like an Indian consider their property as a 'social trust' and peasant. Gandhi believed that revival of use it in the interest of the society. If, however, spinningkhādi at home would not only any member of the propertied-class failed to generate employment for entire villages, but accept the principle of trusteeship, Gandhi also build a psychological link with pre- colonial India where 'spinning of cloth' was advocated use of non-violent, non- one of the major home- industries, destroyed cooperation against him to establish social subsequently by the British1 . This was not only control over such property. Trusteeship was a political decision, but also an economic one. thus expected to give birth to a new egalitarian He wanted people to be self-sufficient and to social order. take pride in recreating the industry that was Village-Republic: Gandhi believed in self- once a cottage industry. sufficientgrāma [village], as it existed in pre-

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 25 26 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 colonial India2 ; his philosophy of inclusive members of the Provincial/State Assemblies growth is fundamental to the building of a were required to elect the members of the state. His emphasis on “production by the Central government, the Supreme Executive masses” rather than “mass production” is the with limited powers. Thus, the whole country central-note of his concept of the 'industrial was to be ruled by the people's Panchāyats. revolution'. Contemporary technology can Gandhi was a strong votary of dignity of labour; facilitate establishing small-scale and he desired every individual to do physical- medium-scale factories in towns and remote labour of one kind or the other to earn his/her corners of a country.Gandhi opposed bread. Mental-labour, he declared, must be a centralised economy which, in his opinion, free service for the welfare of the society. breeds capitalism and leads to economic exploitation of man by man and nation by Physical-labour, like spinning, was to be nation. Gandhi stood for 'grām-swarājya' self- done to earn bread, he desired. Judicial- governed, self-sufficient “village-republic ” system, he said, should go to the village- where each village would have small and panchāyat. Criminals, he stated, should get cottage industries. psychological treatment Gandhi's Swadeshi and education for leading Movement was aimed at a better life. Regarding propagating the use of legal justice, Gandhi Khādi and other such stood for quick and local items. Gandhi inexpensive justice. favoured intensive Gandhi sought unity of farming on a small scale Faiths : In Pakistan Or to protect human and The Partition of India: cattle power from the Collection of Writings and competition of machines. Speeches {1946), Dr. BR Gandhi's ideal was Ambedkar accuses a federation of self- Gandhi of selective bias contained and self- in favour of the people of regulated village Muslim-faith in order to communities. It was to work on the basis of maintain Hindu- Muslim unity in pre-partitioned peoples' voluntary and peaceful co-operation. India. Dr Ambedkar writes: “Mr Gandhi has Every village was to be considered a small been very punctilious in the matter of republic, having apanchāyat with full powers. condemning any and every act of [Muslim] The members ofPanchāyat were to be violence and has forced the Congress, much elected by the local-people who performed against its will, to refrain from condemning it”. physical labour.Panchāyats were to have He elaborates the accusation with the sufficient powers to run the administration of instances of the atrocities committed by the villages. Districtpanchāyat members were to Moplas in Malabar, Khilā fat, and also the be elected indirectly by the members of the assassination of Rajpal, an author. villagepanchāyats. Provincial/State government, above the District (To be continued) Panchayats, was to be elected by the Author can be reached at: members of the districtpanchāyats. The [email protected]

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Ghulam Hassan Gulistani is a Kashmiri poet from Tral, Kashmir whose day job is with the Jammu & Kashmir Armed Police as a Senior Security Officer. He was discovered and encouraged to write poetry by Dr. O.N.Wakhlu when he (Gulistani) was assigned to Dr Wakhlu and Mrs. Khem Lata Wakhlu’s security detail in the year 1995. Gulistani writes evocatively and has written a number of poems, many of which have been narrated on Radio Kashmir, Srinagar. The poem reproduced below, has been written by him for Dr. O.N.Wakhlu, a legend of his times. DçoyçákçÀ iççMç - JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç About Dr. O.N.Wakhlu Late Dr. Omkar içáuççcç nmçvç içáçÆuçmlççvççÇ Nath Wakhlu needs no introduction. He Dç@çÆuçcçákçÀ lçe DçoyçákçÀ iççMç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç was Principal, REC (now NIT) Jçvç³ç kçw³ççn yçe kçÓÀlç ³ççjeyççMç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Srinagar, Hon. kç@ÀMççÇçÆj neb]pç m³çþçn cçç³ç, cççôoáj Dççímç kçÀuççcççn Secretary of the Governing Board çÆlçnábo cçMçJçjçn vççôJç Dçboç]pç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç of Gandhi yçe ³ççôo kçôbÀn çÆlç ÒçeæsnKç cçiçj jç]pç ]pçç@çÆvçLç Memorial College, Srinagar, Member of the Board of mçJççuççn m³çþçn yççô[, pçJççyç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Directors at IIT, Delhi, Member of the Advisory Committee of the Tehri Dam çÆlçneb]pç vç@mççÇnLçç Dçç@mç cçáj&JçLççn yçouçe³ç Project, Member of the Boards of kçÀjçvç lçç@çÆuçyçí Dç@çÆuçcçvç m³çþçn Kççmç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Vishwa Bharati Women’s Education Trust, National School, Kashyapa mçá kçw³ççn ³çço kçÀjvç yçe³ç, ³çámç vçe JJçv³ç cçô cçMççÇ ]pççbn School and the Vasanta Girl’s School in kçÀjçvç Dççímç içjçÇyçvç Dççyçço JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Srinagar. He has been a teacher, educationist and an institution builder ohççvç Dççímç hç©vç iççôæs, uçôKçávç iççôæs çƳç kçÀç@Mçáj par excellence. His acaademic nôçÆsLç mçá³ç nôsçvç Dççímç, mçpççvç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç brilliance was manifested through the Commonwealth Research Fellowship mçyçkçÀ ³ççôo uçyçKç ©lç, kçÀ©vç ³çço mçá Fvçmççvç that he received, enabling him to study in Britain and be awarded a PhD from kçÀjJç jálç, JçásJç pççvç, ohççvç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç the University of Birmingham, UK. He m³çþçn KJçMç içæsçvç Dççímç, yçe ³ççôo pççvç kçÀjenç was also awarded the Alexander Von Humboldt Research Proffesorship by uçôKççvç Dççímç çƳç içáçÆuçmlççv³ç, hçjçvç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Germany. He was receipient of the Dç@çÆuçcçákçÀ lçe DçoyçákçÀ iççMç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Khosla Award of the University of Roorkee, India. Jçvç³ç kçw³ççn yçe kçÓÀlç ³ççjeyççMç Dççímç JçKçuçÓ mçç@yç Dr. Wakhlu left for his heavenly [[ abode in December 2018.

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ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 28 29 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

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ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 29 30 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019

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ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 36 37 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 Your Own Page - Ashwaq Masoodi Ashwaq Masoodi gets Nieman Fellowship: Ashwaq Masoodi, the journalist from Kashmir working at Mint, has been awarded the Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University. She is one among 27 Nieman Fellows who have been awarded Fellowship by the Nieman Foundation for Journalism under which they will attend two semesters at Harvard University starting September 2019. She will participate in Nieman seminars, workshops, master's classes and conduct research with Harvard scholars, among others. Ashwaq will also explore ways to battle stereotypes and improve media reporting on Muslims, the largest religious minority in India. Other selected journalists are from Australia, Lebanon, Niger, Turkey, China, Russia, Zimbabwe, Hungary besides from nine different US States and Washington DC. Ashwaq has been working in Mint since August 2013 and specialises in long stories on the lives of marginalised communities, gender and society. The Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard educates leaders in journalism and elevates the standards of the profession through special programmes that convene scholars and experts in all fields. Ashwaq hails from Srinagar and is the only Indian journalist figuring in the Nieman Fellowship List for 2020. She is a Fulbright scholar of Columbia University and also recipient of Ramnath Goenka Award (2016), India's top award in journalism by Indian Express Group. Ashwaq Masoodi is the youngest sibling of Dr. Rafeeq Masoodi, former Additional DG, Doordarshan and Secretary, J&K Cultural Academy, a cultural activist and a renowned journalist. Dr. Masoodi is himself a recipient of many national and international awards including SahityaAcademyAward. Congratulations Ashwaq Masoodi

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 37 38 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 New Publications Dina Nath Nadim’s two new books released `cççojí kçÀMcççÇj' cçb]pçe DçKç vç]pçecç

çÆouçç]pççjçí, çÆvçiççjçí, jç]pçoçjçí æ®çe çƳççÆ]pçní ³çÓ³ç& mççLçç vçJçyçnçjçí `yçe JçáçÆsn³ç njvçe ®çôMcçvç jçíçÆiç jçíiçí' yçe kçÀjen³ç oÓçÆj oÓjí ìçþev³ççjçí yçe LçJçen³ç DççuçeçÆJçLç çƳçcç uççuç hçvçevççÇ yçe kçÀjen³ç iççÆo& hççvçmç ]pçáJç çÆvçmççjçí æ®çe JçásenKç nçuç kçw³ççn iççícç yççuçe hççvçmç yçe Jçvçen³ç jç]pç hçvçevççÇ jç]pçoçjçí æ®çô æsçjçvç c³çç@v³ç Dçjcççvç vççJç nô³ç nô³ç n@mççÇvççí, nçbæ®çuççí, yç´cç yçç@]p³çiççjçí kçÀvçvç iç@³ç vçç Jçvçvç cçb]pç c³çç@v³ç DççuçJç yçôDççjçí, nç yçôDççjçí, nç yçôDççjçí çÆouçç]pççjçí, çÆvçiççjçí, jç]pçoçjçí æ®çe çƳççÆ]pçní ³çÓ³ç& mççLçç vçJçyçnçjçí

Two books ofDina Nath Nadim have recently come in the market. Books are cççojí kçÀMcççÇjand kçÀç@çÆMçj Dççíhçíjç Publishers: Utpal Publications, R-22, Khaneja Complex, Main Market, Shakarpur, Delhi 92. Ph: 9818447636

Books can be had from: Vijay Kaul, Ahinsa Kaul A-33, Sector 53, Noida 201301 Cell: 9810041628, 9953313218

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 38 39 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 Photo Feature

Top left & right : Ganesh Temple, Devi Angan, Sgr. Images Courtesy : Suriender Kachroo Above : Peer Panchal Range Image Courtesy : Posh Nool Left: Yusmarg, Bugam. Image Courtesy : Aquib Insha

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 39 40 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 Photo Feature

Unrelenting architecture of Srinagar old city. Images Courtesy : Asif Iqbal Burza

ÒççiççMç June 2019 ~ pçÓvç 2019 40 41 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 6~ pçÓvç 2019 Letters to Editor

Dear Editor, visit my village in Kashmir after a span of As usual an excellent edition. almost 30 Years and have captured my Pragaash is not only thoughts in my blog, Can you include it in the informative about our culture, next edition, if you believe it's good enough to but also has high quality of share with larger community. Best Regards layout and finish. Nirmal Bhatt Congratulations to you Malaysia @rainamk1 for the zeal with [email protected] which you make this happen. lll Suren Tiku Pune Editor’s Note @surentiku Views expressed in the signed articles are not lll necessarily those ofZaan or Praagaash. Dear Editor, We invite writers to write for Praagaash. Write I read entire journal except ups can be in Kashmiri, Hindi, Urdu or English, Hindi pages due to language issue. Highly appreciable job. concerning Kashmir, Kashmiri language and Kashmiri Javaid Banday culture. Write ups on Science, Medical Science, Budgam, Kashmir Health, Humour and topics of general interest are also @javaidbanday welcome. lll Write-ups generating hatred, demeaning DççojCççdzç hççÆC[lç cçnçjçpç kçãÀøCç jÌvçç pççÇ, anybody or any religion, or with political overtones vçcçmkçÀçj~ ÒççiççMç cçW cçíjçÇ çÆuçKççÇ náF& will not be accepted for publication. kçÀçÆJçlçç `vçJçjôn sá mççívç' kçÀç ÒçkçÀçMçvç We request writers in Kashmiri (Nastaliq & Devanagari scripts), Hindi, Urdu to send us their write- kçÀjvçí kçíÀ çÆuç³çí Oçv³çJçço~ DççhçkçÀçí ³çn ups on a Microsoft WORD document or in a Cdr file. mJç³çb ìçFhç YççÇ kçÀjvççÇ hç[çÇ, ³çn Also attach fonts wherever necessary. DççhçkçÀçÇ Goçjlçç nÌ~ [ç. jÌvçç kçÀçÇ Dççíj ‘Your Own Page’ is for you. Kindly don’t mçí vçcçmkçÀçj SJçb MçáYç kçÀçcçvççSb~ hesitate sending us your or your children’s mççÆJçvç³ç~ achievements, in text and photos for publication in Praagaash. We also invite you to send us rare photos pç³çç çÆmçyçÓ jÌvçç of Kashmir or Kashmiri life for wider publicity in lll Praagaash. Namaskar Raina Ji, Thank you again for sharing Articles can be e-mailed to this month's copy of [email protected] Praagaash, enlightening as always. I had the opportunity to [[

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