DOCSLIB.ORG

In Lidder Valley (Kashmir Himalaya)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Lidder Valley (Kashmir Himalaya) International Journal of Marine, Atmospheric & Earth Sciences, 2013, 1(2): 47-58 International Journal of Marine, Atmospheric & Earth Sciences ISSN: 2327-3356 Journal homepage:www.ModernScientificPress.com/Journals/IJMaes.aspx Florida, USA Article Drainage Basin Characteristics and Soil Erosion Intensity of Lidder Watershed (Catchment) in Lidder Valley (Kashmir Himalaya) Sumira Rasool1, Ashok K. Pandit2, Ashwani Wanganeo1, Bhat Mohd Skinder2,* 1Department of Environmental Science and Limnology, Barkatullah University Bhopal, (M.P.), India 2Aquatic Ecology Lab, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 (J&K), India *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +91 9469037200. Article history: Received 26 March 2013, Received in revised form 15 April 2013, Accepted 19 April 2013, Published 22 April 2013. Abstract: The present investigation was carried out on Lidder drainage basin (catchment) in Kashmir Himalaya supporting a varied topography and exhibiting altitudinal extremes of 1592 m and 5500m (asl). The drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Fu) of the Lidder drainage basin is 2.52 km km-2(km length per km2 area) and 3.32 km-2 respectively. Drainage density class of Lidder stream is coarse (Dd<5 km km-2) which signifies that it has efficient drainage. Lidder stream is sixth order stream in which the largest share is contributed by first order streams (60.32%). The different soil erosion levels have been used to classify the Lidder catchment into four soil erosion zones (Zone I, Zone II, Zone III, and Zone IV) with respect to soil erosion intensities. Keywords: erosion levels, catchment, topography, bifurcation ratio, drainage density. 1. Introduction Valley of Kashmir, nestled in the northwestern folds of Himalaya, is surrounded on almost all sides by mountain ranges and abounds in a vast array of beautiful valleys and freshwater bodies. The Lidder valley has been carved out by River Lidder, a right bank tributary of River Jhelum. It has a Copyright © 2013 by Modern Scientific Press Company, Florida, USA Int. J. Mar. Atmos. & Earth Sci. 2013, 1(2): 47-58 48 catchment area of 1159.38 km2 which constitute about 10 per cent of the total catchment area of River Jhelum (Bhat et al., 2007). The steep slopes in the Lidder valley along with depleted forest cover have been major factors of soil erosion and sedimentation. These factors have also affected the drainage patter of Lidder stream significantly and made the system extremely fragile as it has started showing signs of degeneration. In the present study, stream number, stream order, stream frequency, stream density and bifurcation ratio have been derived on the basis of drainage lining and linear properties of drainage channels as represented over the topographical maps (scale 1:50,000). Soil erosion is an important social and economic problem and an essential factor in assessing ecosystem health and function (Lu et al., 2005; Santhi et al., 2006; Miller et al., 2007). Soil erosion study was carried in the Lidder valley to ensure the status of land and watershed management scenarios and offset the ill effects of erosion and sedimentation. 2. Study Area The catchment area of Lidder stream occupies the south eastern part of the Kashmir valley and is situated between 33º 45′ 01″ N - 34º 15′ 35″ N and 74º 06′ 00″ E–75º 32′ 29″ E (Fig. 1). The Lidder valley forms part of the western Himalaya and lies between the Pir Panjal range in the south, south- east, and southwest Zanskar range. The Lidder valley has been carved out by Lidder river, a right bank tributary of River Jhelum. The valley begins from the base of the two snow fields, the Kolahoi and Sheshnag where from its two main upper streams; the West and the East Lidder originates and join each other near the famous tourist spot Pahalgam town and finally joins the Jhelum at Gur village (Anantnag). Figure 1. Lidder (catchment) valley: location map Copyright © 2013 by Modern Scientific Press Company, Florida, USA Int. J. Mar. Atmos. & Earth Sci. 2013, 1(2): 47-58 49 Thousands of pilgrims visit every year on Rakshabandan the famous holy Amarnath Cave of Lidder valley, at a height of 5372 metres above sea level. The pilgrims pass through the Mahagunas pass (1475 metres) on their way to Shri Amarnathji. Sheeshnag the bare mountain peaks resembling the heads of seven big snakes also forms a part of the Lidder stream catchment area. All sorts of mountain transport viz., horses and pittos are used to carry the luggage as well as humans to the shrine and back. This also adds to the anthropogenic activity though once in a year 3. Methodology The drainage map of Lidder basin was prepared and demarcated from SOI Toposheet maps of Survey of India (No. 43 N/4, 43 N/8, 43 N / 12, 43 O/1) III edition year 1985 of scale 1: 50,000. Morphological properties viz., Bifurcation ratio (Rb) was calculated by using formula: Where Rb is Bifurcation ratio, Nu is total number of stream segments of u order and Nu+1 is number of segments of next higher order. Drainage density (Dd, km-2) by the following equation: Number of Streams (Nu), Basin area (Au) and Length of the stream of different orders (Lu) were measured with the help of a Rotometre and thread directly from the map. The method proposed by Strahler (1964) was used to calculate the stream order. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) given by Wischmeier and Smith (1978) was used to estimate the soil erosion. A = RKLSCP Where, A is soil loss (tons/hectare/year), R is rainfall and runoff factor, K is soil erodibility factor, L is slope length, S is slope steepness factor and CP is cover management practice factor. Copyright © 2013 by Modern Scientific Press Company, Florida, USA Int. J. Mar. Atmos. & Earth Sci. 2013, 1(2): 47-58 50 4. Result and Discussion 4.1. Drainage Basin Characteristics and Pattern of Lidder Stream The Lidder stream originates from the slopes of Pir Panchal range of western Himalaya. The high mountain range of western Himalaya forms the drainage basin of Lidder stream and segregates it from the other adjacent basins. The western part of the upper Lidder stream gathers its water from the slopes of Kohali glacier, Tarsar lake and surrounding peaks in north and north-west respectively forming West Lidder stream while Sheshnag lake and allied glaciers in the north-east supply water to the East tributary part of Lidder stream. These two streams (East Lidder and West Lidder) run as separate two streams which confluence just ahead of proper Phalgam village. After Phalgam confluence Lidder stream flows through comparatively less inclined region in a wide valley and merges into River Jhelum. The trunk stream showed systematic changes in average width (2-200m), mean depth (10-229 cm) and average velocity downstream (0.5-3.6 ms-1) as given in Table 1. The longitudinal profile of the stream is upward concave. The curve exhibited by the gradient is flat towards mouth of stream (Shakeel et al., 2007). The course of east and west Lidder segment is highly inclined as it passes through narrow mountainous range and is studded with massive boulders till it reaches the flat part of the valley near Bumzoo village. The West Lidder stream commences from Kholi glacier at an altitude of 4800m (a.s.l) and also it receives water from Tarsar lake at Lidderwat and descends towards Phalgam (2110 m, a.s.l). It records a fall of 1 m in every 12m in first 32km of slop down from its origin. Similarly the East Lidder descends from Sheshnag Lake (3570m, a.s.l) to Phalgam (2110m, a.s.l) and in its 27.5 km distance it records an average fall of one meter in every 11 m, up to Phalgam. From Phalgam (2110m, a.s.l.) to its confluence point with Jhelum (1596m) the fall is 1 m in every 74m after flowing a distance of 58 km. The fall in the lower stretch is more gradual which is responsible for widening of stream (causing maximum sedimentation and bund erosion). In fact, most settlements in the valley lie in the wider part and most of the land is under cultivation of different crops as this part has easy water availability and fertile soil (floodplains of Lidder stream). Table 1. In stream measurements of Lidder stream In stream features Min Max Average width(m) 2 200 Mean depth (cm) 10 229 Average velocity (ms-1) 0.5 3.6 Copyright © 2013 by Modern Scientific Press Company, Florida, USA Int. J. Mar. Atmos. & Earth Sci. 2013, 1(2): 47-58 51 Drainage density (Dd) of Lidder is 2.52 km km-2 which denotes that there is 2.52km of channel length available per square kilometer of area, signifying that Lidder stream has efficient drainage with less probability of flooding as the runoff is diluted into the stream segments. Drainage density class of Lidder stream is coarse (Dd<5 km km-2). Stream frequency (Fu) of the Lidder stream is 3.32 km-2 which tell us that there are 3.32 stream segments present per square kilometer of the area in Lidder basin depicting the basin as a whole is well-organized. However, the larger number of segments in the lower order need due consideration as most of them are often non-perennial during autumn and covered with snow during winter. Drainage density measurements revealed that length of stream segment goes on increasing with the increase in stream order. It can be seen from the data that first order segment have shorter mean length (0.59 km) while the fifth order segment has the longest mean length (11.2 km).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Places
    Where to Next? Explore Jammu Kashmir And Ladakh By :- Vastav Sharma&Nikhil Padha (co-editors) Magazine Description Category : Travel Language: English Frequency: Twice in a Year Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh Unlimited is the perfect potrait of the most beautiful place of the world Jammu, Kashmir&Ladakh. It is for Travelers, Tourism Entrepreneurs, Proffessionals as well as those who dream to travel Jammu,Kashmir&Ladakh and have mid full of doubts. This is a new kind of travel publication which trying to promoting the J&K as well as Ladakh tourism industry and remove the fake potrait from the minds of people which made by media for Jammu,Kashmir&Ladakh. Jammu Kashmir and ladakh Unlimited is a masterpiece, Which is the hardwork of leading Travel writters, Travel Photographer and the team. This magazine has covered almost every tourist and pilgrimage sites of Jammu Kashmir & Ladakh ( their stories, history and facts.) Note:- This Magazine is only for knowledge based and fact based magazine which work as a tourist guide. For any kind of credits which we didn’t mentioned can claim for credits through the editors and we will provide credits with description of the relevent material in our next magazine and edit this one too if possible on our behalf. Reviews “Kashmir is a palce where not even words, even your emotions fail to describe its scenic beauty. (Name of Magazine) is a brilliant guide for travellers and explore to know more about the crown of India.” Moohammed Hatim Sadriwala(Poet, Storyteller, Youtuber) “A great magazine with a lot of information, facts and ideas to do at these beautiful places.” Izdihar Jamil(Bestselling Author Ted Speaker) “It is lovely and I wish you the very best for the initiative” Pritika Kumar(Advocate, Author) “Reading this magazine is a peace in itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Dal Lake & Pahalgam
    Dal Lake & Pahalgam - Kolahoi trek - 8 days Trekking form Pahalgam to Lidderwat and the Kolahoi Glacier Tour JAN-KT01: Srinagar - Pahalgam – Aru – Lidderwat – Kolahoi Glacier – Lidderwat - Srinagar The Lidder Valley is a great example of what the Kashmiri mountains have to offer. This light trek takes you through flowering alpine meadows and cedar forests to one of the easiest accessible glaciers in the Himalayas. The Kolahoi Glacier is also one of the larger glaciers in the Indian Himalayas, and on a clear day, the views are stunning. Itinerary Day 01: Arrival Srinagar. On arrival at Srinagar, you will be met by our representative at the airport and transferred to Houseboat Ambassador. In the afternoon, we make a shikara tour on Dal lake (A shikara is small Kashmiri wooden boat that is rowed by a shikari with a heart- shaped peddle). Overnight at Houseboat. Day 02: Srinagar – Pahalgam; treks starts (4 hrs drive; 12 km/3 - 4 hrs walk) The drive from Srinagar to Pahalgam takes about 4 hours. On the way you’ll cross the Kashmiri country side with fruit orchards and rice and saffron fields. In springtime, the orchards and saffron fields are blossoming in shades of pink and white. In Pahalgam, the packhorses will be waiting. While they are being packed, you’ll have your lunch. Through high meadows surrounded by forest, we trek up the gently rising trail to the pretty village of Aru, 11 km from Pahalgam. On arrival at Aru, we’ll pitch our tents beside the Lidder River. Here you will eat a delicious dinner around the campfire before having your first night under the Kashmiri stars.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Issues at Tourism Destinations in Kashmir Valley PJAEE, 17 (9) (2020)
    Sustainability Issues at Tourism Destinations in Kashmir Valley PJAEE, 17 (9) (2020) Sustainability Issues at Tourism Destinations in Kashmir Valley 1 Gowhar Ahmad Wani 1 Ph.D. Research Scholar, School of Economics, Department of Economics Central University of Kerala Gowhar Ahmad Wani: Sustainability Issues at Tourism Destinations in Kashmir Valley-- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(9). ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: Behavior, Social Society, Surfing Sports ABSTRACT This paper examined sustainability isssues happening at tourism destinations in Kashmir Valley. Conclusions are drawn and remedies provided on the basis of concerned issues. Practices, models and strategies adopted by Himalayan and Non- Himalayan states are presented and explained their relevance for the rectification and endorsement of sustainable tourism at destinations. In Kashmir Valley most of the products are gifted by nature and demands vital care and supervision. Due to poor management, deficient facilities and services problems like contamination (water and air), solid waste, open dumping of garbage, emissions, chlorofluorocarbons and green house gases, illegal constructions and degradation of forests highly noticeable at renowned places like Srinagar, Pahalgam and Gulmarg. In this context, strong policies, strategic framework, sustainable tourism practices and adequate facilities and services are treated as imperative. 1. Introduction Over the period, progress of tourism industry offered numerous benefits to people living at tourism potential destinations. High tourist influx brought dollars to their accounts and boosted their economies. Nevertheless, lack of consideration and overcrowding negatively exaggerated the tourism resources like water bodies, aquatic resources and critical environment (Neto, 2003). Longstanding existence of destinations need proper supervision and at the same time control of emissions, disposal of wastes, and maintenance of hygiene treated as vital.
    [Show full text]
  • CV Akhtar R Mir Sep 2018
    CURRICULUM VITAE DR. AKHTAR RASOOL MIR Correspondance address: Department of Earth Sciences,Main campus University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, INDIA E-mail: [email protected] Mobile #: +91-9906091339 PRESENT POSITION: • Assistant Professor , Department of Geology, School of Earth Sciences, Satellite Campus Leh, University of Kashmir . EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: • Ph.D. (Geology) from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh in 2010 on research topic “Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Newer Dolerite dykes in parts of the Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India ”. • M.Sc. (Applied Geology) with First division from University of Kashmir, Srinagar in 2004. SPECIALIZATION : • Igneous Petrology and Geochemistry NATIONAL TESTS QUALIFIED: • Qualified UGC-CSIR, National Eligibility Test ( NET ) with secured 12 th Rank , held on 20.12.2009. TEACHING EXPERIENCE: (More than Eight Years Teaching Experience at Post-graduate level ) 1. Worked as Contractual Lecturer in Department of Geology, Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu, from 4 th August, 2010 to 4 th April, 2011. 2. Worked as Contractual Lecturer in Department of Earth Science (for Applied Geology course), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, from 5 th April, 2011 to 15 th February, 2012. 3. Worked as Contractual Lecturer in Department of Earth Science (for Applied Geology course), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, from 17 th April, 2012 to 31 st December, 2012. 4. Worked as Contractual Lecturer in Department of Earth Science (for Applied Geology course), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, from 25 th April, 2013 to 31 st December, 2013. 5. Worked as Contractual Lecturer in Department of Earth Science (for Applied Geology course), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, from 26 th April, 2014 to 31 st September, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Dynamics of Herbaceous Species Along the Topographic
    International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(2): 3581-3586 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(2): 3581-3586 Seasonal dynamics of herbaceous species along © 2018 IJCS Received: 16-01-2018 the topographic gradients under different Accepted: 20-02-2018 conservation regimes of Kashmir Himalaya Amir Bhat Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- K, Benhama, Ganderbal, Jammu Amir Bhat, Khan PA, Qaiser KN, Mughal AH, Ara S and Mir SA and Kashmir, India Abstract Khan PA Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- The present investigation entitled “Seasonal dynamics of herbaceous species along the topographical K, Benhama, Ganderbal, Jammu gradients under different conservation regimes of Kashmir Himalaya” was carried out in two protected and Kashmir, India areas viz., Dachigam National Park (DNP) and Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (OAWS) along with their adjoining unprotected areas in Srinagar and Anantnag districts of Kashmir valley during the year 2014-15 Qaiser KN & 2015-16, respectively, with the aim to evaluate phytosociology and its dynamics in different seasons of Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- protected and unprotected areas. These research objectives centered on two major goals, to assess the K, Benhama, Ganderbal, Jammu performance of protected areas and to study the feasibility of incorporation of adjoining unprotected and Kashmir, India areas. On the basis of different aspects, each protected and unprotected area was divided was into north and south aspects. Each aspect was further sub divided into three different altitudinal ranges viz., A1 Mughal AH (1600-2100m), A2 (2100-2600m) and A3 (2600-3100m) covering different forests of protected as well as Faculty of Agriculture, unprotected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • B.A. 6Th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
    B.A. 6th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir Introduction The state of Jammu and Kashmir constitutes northern most extremity of India and is situated between 32o 17′ to 36o 58′ north latitude and 37o 26′ to 80o 30′ east longitude. It falls in the great northwestern complex of the Himalayan Ranges with marked relief variation, snow- capped summits, antecedent drainage, complex geological structure and rich temperate flora and fauna. The state is 640 km in length from north to south and 480 km from east to west. It consists of the territories of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Gilgit and is divided among three Asian sovereign states of India, Pakistan and China. The total area of the State is 222,236 km2 comprising 6.93 per cent of the total area of the Indian territory including 78,114 km2 under the occupation of Pakistan and 42,685 km2 under China. The cultural landscape of the state represents a zone of convergence and diffusion of mainly three religio-cultural realms namely Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists. The population of Hindus is predominant in Jammu division, Muslims are in majority in Kashmir division while Buddhists are in majority in Ladakh division. Jammu is the winter capital while Srinagar is the summer capital of the state for a period of six months each. The state constitutes 6.76 percent share of India's total geographical area and 41.83 per cent share of Indian Himalayan Region (Nandy, et al. 2001). It ranks 6th in area and 17th in population among states and union territories of India while it is the most populated state of Indian Himalayan Region constituting 25.33 per cent of its total population.
    [Show full text]
  • Khir Bhawani Temple
    Khir Bhawani Temple PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Kashmir: The Places of Worship Page Intentionally Left Blank ii KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)). PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Kashmir: The Places of Worship KKaasshhmmiirr:: TThhee PPllaacceess ooff WWoorrsshhiipp First Edition, August 2002 KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)) iii PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Kashmir: The Places of Worship Contents page Contents......................................................................................................................................v 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1-2 2 Some Marvels of Kashmir................................................................................................2-3 2.1 The Holy Spring At Tullamulla ( Kheir Bhawani )....................................................2-3 2.2 The Cave At Beerwa................................................................................................2-4 2.3 Shankerun Pal or Boulder of Lord Shiva...................................................................2-5 2.4 Budbrari Or Beda Devi Spring..................................................................................2-5 2.5 The Chinar of Prayag................................................................................................2-6
    [Show full text]
  • Dachigam National Park
    MANAGEMENT PLAN (2011 - 2016) DACHIGAM NATIONAL PARK RASHID Y. NAQASH WILDLIFE WARDEN CENTRAL AND LALIT KUMAR SHARMA RESEARCH SCHOLAR CONTENTS INTRODUCATION I-II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Part-I Page Chapter 1. Introduction to the area 1.1 Name, location, Construction and extent 1.1.1. Name and History 1.1.2. Location 1.1.3. Constitution 1.1.4. Extent 1.2 Approach and access 1.3 Statement of significance Chapter 2. Background information and attributes 2.1 Boundaries 2.1.1. Legal 2.1.2. Internal 2.2 Geology, Rock and Soil 2.3 Terrain 2.4 Climate 2.4.1. Rainfall pattern and distribution 2.4.2. Temperature a summary of year round pattern 2.4.3. Humidity 2.4.4. Drought 2.5 Water Sources 2.6 Range of wildlife, Status, Distribution and habitat 2.6.1. Vegetation 2.6.1.1. Biogeography classification 2.6.1.2. Forest types, cover and food for wild animals 2.6.2. Animals 2.6.2.1. Vertebrates, their status, distribution and habitat 2.6.2.2. Limiting factors 2.6.2.3. Important invertebrates, their status, distribution and habitat Chapter 3. History of management and present practices 3.1. General 3.2. Timber operation including firewood harvest 3.3. Non-wood forest procedure collection 3.4. Leases 3.5. Other programmes and activities 3.6. Forest protection 3.6.1. Legal status 3.6.2. Hunting 3.6.3. Illegal activities 3.6.4. Domestic livestock grazing 3.6.5. Wildfires 3.6.6. Insect attacks and pathological problems 3.7.
    [Show full text]
  • International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology
    International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN 2250 – 1959(0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.IRJMST.com www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions IRJMST Vol 9 Issue 10 [Year 2018] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KASHMIR: THE POLICY PERSPECTIVE Authors *Hafizullah Dar PhD Research Scholar in Tourism Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra **NaserUl Islam PhD Research Scholar in Tourism Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 1. Abstract Kashmir is one of the most famous tourist destinations of India in the Himalayas. The Valley is filled with assorted rich tourism resources. For the sustainable use of these tourism resources, a proper tourism policy is requisite. Subsequently, the present study aims to examine government policy for the growth and development of tourism in Kashmir region; besides, the assessment of tourism potentials and tourist flow in Kashmir is added endeavor of the study. Desk research approach has been employed to accomplish to study objectives. According to the findings, ministry of tourism government of Jammu and Kashmir has framed a draft of tourism policy so far. The draft tourism policy constitutes developmental and promotional tactics forexisting and new forms of tourism, abiding the sustainable tourism approach, development of tourism infrastructure and human resource, ensuring safety and security, and encouraging tourism education within the state. Moreover, the state government is working hard to promote eco-tourism and offbeat tourist destinations in collaboration with several other concerned bodies. It has been observed that Kashmir valley is dotted with a number of tourist attractions and enables tour operators to rend diverse forms of tour packages to tourists.
    [Show full text]
  • Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary -An Overview • Named After Two Villages of Overa & Aru Located at Its Fringes
    Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary -An Overview • Named after two villages of Overa & Aru located at its fringes • Falls in District Anantnag of Kashmir province • Overa forests used to be a hunting reserve of the erstwhile Maharaja. • Notified in 1987 vide SRO-154 • Area: 511 sq. km • Overa-Aru WLS forms a part of the Dachigam-Overa-Thajwas Conglomerate Comprises of 38 Forest compartments Spread over major catchment areas of Lidder river Villages Overa, Laddi, Dahwatoo, Khelan, Veersiran, Mamal, Mandlan and Aru located on the fringes A host of Bio-geographic hot spots including lakes, glaciers and peaks are located within the sanctuary area: • Tarsar • Handilsar • Dodhsar • Chhumnaisar • Kolhai Glacier Significance Forms a catchment of Lidder River, a major tributary of Jehlum, which is a an important source of irrigation & drinking water for entire Anantnag district A repository of rich bio-diversity: 15 mammal species 120 bird species 20 butterfly species Distributory Range of Kashmir Red Deer or Hangul Breeding ground of eight species of Leaf Warblers (Trevor price, 1989) Flora • The type of vegetation is broadly Himalayan Moist Temperate and Himalayan Dry Temperate: . Riverian Vegetation: (1600-2300m ASL) Blue Pine (Pinus Wallichiana), Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus indica), Witch Hazel (Parratiopsis jacquemontiana) . Coniferous Forest: (1600-2300m ASL) Blue Pine (Pinus Wallichiana), Fir (Abies pindrow), Spruce (Picea smithiana) . Alpine Scrubs and Pastures:(Beyond 3000-3500m ASL) Birch (Betula utilis), Juniper (Juniperous recuvra),
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Lakes and Waterbodies of J&K State Using Remote Sensing
    DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF J&K STATE Using Remote Sensing & GIS Technology Dr.Hanifa Nasim Dr.Tasneem Keng DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND REMOTE SENSING SDA COLONY BEMINA SRINAGAR / PARYAWARAN BHAWAN, FOREST COMPLEX, JAMMU Email: [email protected]. DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET Title of the project DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR Funding Agency GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR. Originating Unit Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Project Co-ordinator Director Department of Environment and Remote Sensing,J&K Govt. Principal Investigator Dr. Hanifa Nasim Jr. Scientist Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Co-Investigator Dr. Tasneem Keng Scientific Asst. Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Document Type Restricted Project Team Mudasir Ashraf Dar. Maheen Khan. Aijaz Misger. Ikhlaq Ahmad. Documentation Mudasir Ashraf. Acknowledgement Lakes and Water bodies are one of the most important natural resources of our State. Apart from being most valuable natural habitat for number of flora and fauna, these lakes and Water bodies are the life line for number of communities of our state. No systematic scientific study for monitoring and planning of these lakes and water bodies was carried out and more than 90%of our lakes and water bodies are till date neglected altogether. The department realized the need of creating the first hand information long back in 1998 and prepared the Directory of lakes and water bodies using Survey of India Topographical Maps on 1:50,000.With the advent of satellite technology the study of these lakes and water bodies has become easier and the task of creating of information pertaining to these lakes and water bodies using latest high resolution data along with Survey of India Topographical Maps and other secondary information available with limited field checks/ground truthing has been carried out to provide latest information regarding the status of these lakes and water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • My Travel Itinerary KASHMIR MAGIC TOUR(6 N) INR 27000
    My Travel Itinerary KASHMIR MAGIC TOUR(6 N) INR 27000 Crafted by: Kishan Patel [email protected], 02682564666, 8153020555 TOUR OVERVIEW ACCOMMODATION ♦ 1 Night Stay in Srinagar ♦ 2 Night Stay in Pahalgam ♦ 1 Night Stay in Gulmarg ♦ 2 Night Stay in Srinagar SIGHTSEEING ♦ Lidder River ♦ Kashmir Valley and Betaab Valley ♦ Gandola Cable Car Station ♦ Shalimar Baug ♦ Nishat Baug MEALS ♦ Breakfast ♦ Lunch ♦ Dinner HOTEL Grand Mumtaz Pahalgam Included in trip Grand Mumtaz Resort Gulmarg Included in trip Radisson - Grand Mumtaz Srinagar Included in trip Dlx Houseboat (Dal Lake) Included in trip SIGHTSEEING Shalimar Baug Built in the year 1619 by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his beloved wife, Nur Jahan, Shalimar Bagh (also called Farah Baksh and Faiz Baksh) is one of the Mughal Gardens in Srinagar, Kashmir. It lies on the right bank of the Dal Lake, on the outskirts of Kashmir's summer capital. Nishat Bagh The Nishat Bagh was designed and built in 1633 by Asif Khan, elder brother of Nur Jehan. The then emperor of Mughal India Shah Jahan was in Kashmir in 1633, when he visited this garden. He was so impressed by the heavenly beauty of the Nishat Garden that he had wanted the garden to be gifted to him by Asif Khan. Gandola Cable Car Station Modern Cable Propelled Transit started in Caracas, Venezuela with the Mount Avila Gondola. This system was originally built in the middle of the last century to carry people from Caracas to the top of Mount Avila where the luxurious Hotel Humboldt had been built. Lidder River Lidder river originates from Kolhoi Glacier near Sonamarg and gives rise to Lidder Valley.
    [Show full text]