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5.2 Parc Éolien De Arta REPUBLIQUE DE DJIBOUTI E1143 v2 Bureau du Premier Ministre Banque Mondiale Public Disclosure Authorized PROJET ENERGIE ET EAU DE Public Disclosure Authorized DJIBOUTI Etude d’impact environnemental et social Rapport final Public Disclosure Authorized Avriill 2005 Public Disclosure Authorized Page de garde.doc garde.doc Page de ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL DU PROJET ENERGIE ET EAU DE DJIBOUTI Rapport final SOMMAIRE AVANT-PROPOS ....................................................................................................................1 1. RÉSUMÉ DE L’ÉTUDE .................................................................................................... 2 2. CONTEXTE LÉGISLATIF ET RÉGLEMENTAIRE DJIBOUTIEN ................................... 7 2.1 DOMAINE ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL ....................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Contexte législatif et institutionnel djiboutien ..................................................... 7 2.1.2 Procédures Banque Mondiale.......................................................................... 10 2.2 DOMAINE DE L’EAU..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Contexte réglementaire .................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Acteurs institutionnels du secteur de l’eau....................................................... 11 2.3 DOMAINE DE L’ÉNERGIE.............................................................................................. 13 2.3.1 Contexte institutionnel ...................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Réglementation régissant la production et la distribution d’électricité ............. 13 2.4 DOMAINE DE L’URBANISME.......................................................................................... 14 3. PRÉSENTATION DU PROJET ...................................................................................... 15 3.1 INSTALLATION D’UN PARC ÉOLIEN ................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Présentation du projet sur le site du Grand Bara............................................. 16 3.1.2 Recommandation de l’étude de faisabilité ....................................................... 17 3.1.3 Présentation du projet sur le site de Arta ......................................................... 17 3.2 RÉHABILITATION ET/OU EXTENSION DU RÉSEAU DE DISTRIBUTION ÉLECTRIQUE DE DJIBOUTI-VILLE ..................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Présentation du projet sur le quartier Balbala.................................................. 18 3.2.2 Présentation du projet sur le quartier Farah Had PK12 ................................... 21 3.3 PROTECTION ET GESTION DE LA NAPPE DE DJIBOUTI .................................................... 22 3.3.1 Contexte ........................................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Objectifs du projet ............................................................................................ 23 3.3.3 Composantes du projet .................................................................................... 23 4. ETAT INITIAL DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT....................................................................... 25 4.1 DONNÉES DE CADRAGE .............................................................................................. 25 4.1.1 Climat ............................................................................................................... 25 4.1.2 Situation de la ressource en eau...................................................................... 26 4.1.3 Situation de l’énergie........................................................................................ 28 4.1.4 Situation socio-économique ............................................................................. 28 4.2 SITE DU GRAND BARA ................................................................................................ 36 4.2.1 Aspects physiques ........................................................................................... 36 p:\fabre\4266 - impact eau energie djibouti\production\rapportimpact_final.doc / Gilles Pahin Etude d’impact environnemental et social du Projet Energie et Eau de Djibouti Rapport final 4.2.2 Aspects biologiques ......................................................................................... 38 4.2.3 Aspects socio-économiques et culturels .......................................................... 39 4.2.4 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 42 4.3 SITE DE ARTA ............................................................................................................ 43 4.3.1 Aspects physiques ........................................................................................... 43 4.3.2 Aspects biologiques ......................................................................................... 44 4.3.3 Aspects socio-économiques et culturels .......................................................... 44 4.3.4 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 46 4.4 SECTEUR DE BALBALA - PK12 .................................................................................... 47 4.4.1 Aspects physiques ........................................................................................... 47 4.4.2 Aspects biologiques ......................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Aspects socio-économiques et culturels .......................................................... 47 4.4.4 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 53 4.5 BASSIN D’ALIMENTATION DE LA NAPPE DE DJIBOUTI ..................................................... 53 4.5.1 Situation géographique de la nappe de Djibouti .............................................. 53 4.5.2 Hydrologie ........................................................................................................ 55 4.5.3 Aquifère des basaltes du golfe et des basaltes Somalis.................................. 57 4.5.4 Exploitation de la nappe de Djibouti et enjeux ................................................. 62 4.5.5 Protection réglementaire des forages .............................................................. 63 4.5.6 Actions envisagées dans le cadre du Schéma Directeur de l’Eau................... 64 4.5.7 Faune et flore du bassin................................................................................... 64 4.5.8 Occupation et usage des sols .......................................................................... 65 4.5.9 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 67 5. IMPACTS DU PROJET ET MESURES D’ATTÉNUATION........................................... 69 5.1 PARC ÉOLIEN DU GRAND BARA ................................................................................... 69 5.1.1 Impacts positifs................................................................................................. 69 5.1.2 Impacts négatifs potentiels et mesures associées........................................... 69 5.1.3 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 72 5.2 PARC ÉOLIEN DE ARTA ............................................................................................... 73 5.2.1 Impacts positifs................................................................................................. 73 5.2.2 Impacts négatifs potentiels et mesures associées........................................... 73 5.2.3 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 78 5.3 EXTENSION DE L’ÉLECTRIFICATION DE BALBALA ET PK12............................................. 78 5.3.1 Impacts positifs................................................................................................. 78 5.3.2 Impacts négatifs potentiels et mesures associées........................................... 79 5.3.3 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 82 5.4 PROJET DE GESTION ET DE PROTECTION DE LA NAPPE DE DJIBOUTI .............................. 82 5.4.1 Impacts positifs................................................................................................. 82 5.4.2 Impacts négatifs potentiels et mesures associées........................................... 83 5.4.3 Bilan.................................................................................................................. 84 6. ALTERNATIVES ENVISAGÉES.................................................................................... 85 6.1 PARC ÉOLIEN ............................................................................................................. 85 6.1.1 Autres sites éoliens .......................................................................................... 85 6.1.2 Autres énergies renouvelables......................................................................... 86 6.2 RÉSEAU ÉLECTRIQUE ................................................................................................
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