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REPUBLIQUE DU DJIBOUTI Public Disclosure Authorized …………………… UNITE-EGALITE-PAIX SFG2740 REV REPUBLIQUE DU DJIBOUTI Public Disclosure Authorized …………………… UNITE-EGALITE-PAIX MINISTERE DE L’ENERGIE CHARGE DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES ------------------- ELECTRICITE DE DJIBOUTI (EDD) Public Disclosure Authorized ------------------- PROGRAMME D’ELECTRIFICATION DURABLE Etude d’Impact Environnemental et Social Actualisée Public Disclosure Authorized Rapport Final 02 janvier 2017 Idris Bexi Warsama Consultant en Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale Tél (253) 77 85 26 01 – Email : [email protected] - Djibouti Public Disclosure Authorized - 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (English) ................................................................................ - 8 - RESUME EXECUTIF (Français).................................................................................... - 10 - CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. - 13 - 1.1 Contexte .................................................................................................................- 13 - 1.2 Portée et objectifs de l'étude d’impact environnementale et sociale ........................- 14 - 1.3 Approche méthodologique ......................................................................................- 14 - CHAPITRE 2 : DESCRIPTION DU PROJET .............................................................. - 18 - 2.1. Situation de l’énergie à Djibouti ...............................................................................- 18 - 2.2. Réseau de Balbala existant ......................................................................................- 19 - 2.3. Nouveau réseau ......................................................................................................- 19 - 2.4. Principales informations sur le Projet .......................................................................- 24 - 2.4.1 Présentation du bénéficiaire .......................................................................................- 24 - 2.4.2 Informations Techniques sur le Projet .........................................................................- 24 - CHAPITRE 3 : CADRE JURIDIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL.................................. - 37 - 3.1. Cadre juridique applicable dans le contexte du PED..................................................- 37 - 3.2. Domaine de l’énergie ..............................................................................................- 40 - 3.3. Conventions internationales en matière d’environnement .......................................- 41 - 3.4. Politiques de sauvegardes de la Banque Mondiale applicables au PED ......................- 41 - 3.5. Cadre institutionnelle de l’étude d’impact environnementale et sociale du PED ........- 42 - 3.5.1 L'Electricité De Djibouti (EDD) ................................................................................................... - 42 - 3.5.2 Direction de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement (DATE) ............................ - 43 - 3.5.3 La Préfecture de Djibouti et la Sous – Préfecture du 5ème Arrondissement et les ONG .......... - 43 - CHAPITRE 4 : ANALYSE DES MILIEUX RECEPTEURS ....................................... - 44 - 4.1 Environnement biophysique (zone d’étude élargie) ..................................................- 44 - 4.1.1 Les données climatiques ............................................................................................................ - 44 - a) Température ......................................................................................................................... - 44 - b) Humidité de l’air .................................................................................................................. - 44 - c) Evaporation.......................................................................................................................... - 45 - d) Pluviométrie annuelle.......................................................................................................... - 45 - e) Régime des vents .................................................................................................................. - 45 - f) Sismicité ............................................................................................................................... - 46 - 4.1.2 La pollution atmosphérique ....................................................................................................... - 46 - 4.1.3 Les ressources en eaux .............................................................................................................. - 46 - 4.1.4 Les sols ...................................................................................................................................... - 46 - 4.1.5 La végétation et la faune ........................................................................................................... - 48 - 4.2 Profil socio –économique sommaire de la zone du Projet .........................................- 49 - 4.3 Situation économique dans les quartiers de Balbala .................................................- 50 - 4.4 Caractérisation des milieux récepteurs des projets (zone d’étude restreinte) ............- 52 - 4.5 Enjeux environnementaux et sociaux associés à l’aménagement du PED ..................- 57 - CHAPITRE 5 : ANALYSE DES OPTIONS................................................................... - 58 - - 2 - 5.1. Description de la variante « sans projet » ou « avec projet » ....................................- 58 - 5.2. Résultat de l’analyse ...............................................................................................- 59 - CHAPITRE 6 : ANALYSE DES IMPACTS .................................................................. - 61 - 6.1 Regroupement des impacts .....................................................................................- 61 - 6.2 Description de l’impact ............................................................................................- 61 - 6.3 Identification des sources d’impact ..........................................................................- 62 - Tableau 17 : Synthèse des sources et récepteurs d’impacts du projet ............................ - 64 - 6.4 Impacts Positifs .......................................................................................................- 65 - 6.4.1. Impacts positifs spécifiques ...................................................................................................... - 65 - 6.5 Les impacts négatifs du projet durant les travaux .....................................................- 65 - 6.6 Les impacts négatifs du projet durant la phase d’exploitation ...................................- 74 - 6.7 Les impacts négatifs en fin de vie des installations ...................................................- 77 - CHAPITRE 7 : PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ............................... - 78 - ET SOCIALE..................................................................................................................... - 78 - 7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................- 78 - 7.2. Plan d’atténuation ..................................................................................................- 78 - 7.2.1 Mesures règlementaires ............................................................................................................. - 78 - 7.2.2 Conformité avec la règlementation environnementale .............................................................. - 78 - 7.2.3 Conformité avec la réglementation minière .............................................................................. - 79 - 7.2.4 Conformité avec la réglementation foncière ............................................................................. - 79 - 7.3. Mesures opérationnelles spécifiques .......................................................................- 80 - 7.3.1 Communication avec les riverains ............................................................................................ - 80 - 7.3.2 Gestion des Impacts sur la qualité de l’Air ............................................................................... - 80 - 7.3.3 Gestion des nuisances liées au bruit .......................................................................................... - 80 - 7.3.4 Gestion des impacts liés aux déchets......................................................................................... - 81 - 7.3.5 Gestion des impacts sur les eaux et les sols .............................................................................. - 81 - 7.3.6 Gestion des impacts socio-économique..................................................................................... - 81 - a. Mesures de Gestion/Prévention des risques .............................................................................. - 82 - 7.4. Dispositif de Surveillance et de Suivi Environnemental .............................................- 90 - 7.4.1 Surveillance Environnementale ................................................................................................. - 90 - 7.4.2 Suivi Environnemental .............................................................................................................. - 91 - 7.5. Mise en œuvre de la gestion environnementale et sociale ........................................- 91 - 7.5.1 Phasage de la gestion environnementale et sociale ..................................................................
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