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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
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Djibouti Annual Country Report 2020 Country Strategic Plan 2020 - 2024 Table of Contents
SAVING LIVES CHANGING LIVES Djibouti Annual Country Report 2020 Country Strategic Plan 2020 - 2024 Table of contents 2020 Overview 3 Context and operations & COVID-19 response 7 Risk Management 9 Partnerships 10 CSP Financial Overview 11 Programme Performance 13 Strategic outcome 01 13 Strategic outcome 02 16 Strategic outcome 03 19 Cross-cutting Results 21 Progress towards gender equality 21 Protection and accountability to affected populations 22 Environment 24 Data Notes 24 Figures and Indicators 27 WFP contribution to SDGs 27 Beneficiaries by Sex and Age Group 27 Beneficiaries by Residence Status 28 Beneficiaries by Programme Area 28 Annual Food Transfer 28 Annual Cash Based Transfer and Commodity Voucher 29 Strategic Outcome and Output Results 30 Cross-cutting Indicators 46 Djibouti | Annual Country Report 2020 2 2020 Overview WFP's new Country Strategic Plan (CSP) 2020-2024 for Djibouti has three Strategic Outcomes (SO) through which WFP works to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 and 17 by providing food and nutrition assistance to vulnerable populations, upholding the protection and do no harm principles and accountability to affected populations, and ensuring partnership with the Government of Djibouti, UN agencies and others. Contributing to the Government’s efforts to achieve SDG 2, Zero Hunger, WFP made progress in its shift towards providing technical assistance, services and coordination support for national food and nutrition security policies and programmes, and notably with the handover of the School Feeding programmes to the Ministry of Education. WFP reached 142,337 beneficiaries through unconditional resource transfers and distributed 6,137 mt of food and USD 4.3 million through cash-based transfers (CBT). -
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TT r:-I REPUBLISUE DE DJIBOUTI Unité' Égalité - Paix Ministère de l'Éducatlon Nationale ;d;;Ë Èoimauon Professionnelle oireEîGnffite ff* t ÛP De I'Administration - ûL, 1'J-, -il,l.-" 8 2102 o t2ssl 35-20-52 o 35-08-50 DJTBOUTI ,Jfl l,-rJl i,11, i ,, TélécoPie : (253) 35-68-19 ulJi r,lill NOTE DE SERVIVE N%aÉIDGA Du 12Auo2021 de OBJET : Mouvement des enseignants indiqué ci-dessous p9" les noms suivent sont mutés commÇ ' Les enseignants dont défrnis par la conlmlsslon ra uur"^L, .ri èr., crairement rannée scolaire ziii-tzozzsur væux des enseignants ' chargée du mouvement et les Il s'agit de : DISCIPLI NOUVELLE ANCIENNE ÀFFECTATION AFFECTATTox- NES _- l\I(rlID^ NOM/PII,L1\U1VI RANDA FR A.BAKAI(I A-rrrvr'orv I" "'"" BALBALA9 I " SAGALLOU FR ewelo voHeveo BAL 3 2. E,r-eztp ALI OUNF. FR BB6 J. .q,eot AHNaep ooueLrH LrôI I FR ô'-r rr^r roeDhr ^ ALI SABIEH 2 4. ^T]ËN DORALEH FR § M(Jnl\lvlEL/ rùrvr^rL . ROURE ABI)[ NAT,AY AF FR - 6. aeoru.AHl-q4glB§uEpl NIKI{II,3 AE '7. FR HODAN NUKU HASSAN I§IUIilTL PLAINE 8. ABDILLAHI INTT-iI FR 4HIvlEll b!!4! BIS 9. ABDIRAHMAN r FI{ FR Q5 2 10. aBDIRAHMAN E!,MLAL! T FR ALI SABIEH rrTr'IJ P,ÔI IR AI-EH ll TJ ÀVARI,FH ÀffittraoHAMED 't'^ FR I ÀIJ 12. ^nn^T FR PK12 TNTTATT l3 ABDOULMIZ OSMAN EWI AI FR BOULAUS t4; Eôou--luertuneHpRvoHeveo ceÀN FR ALAILI D@ 15. lo.rnrn r{aDF.R ALI ISMAEL ANNEXE 3 BIS ESOOUI.TADERHASSAN BB7 FR rr^r!^ÀI^rIn - ECOLE D! arlru4 16. -
Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No. -
East and Horn of Africa
Recent Developments During 2000, the East and Horn of Africa region witnessed significant upheaval that caused new population displace- ments. At the beginning of the year, the region was hosting over 1.2 million refugees and 3.2 internally displaced persons (IDPs); by mid-year these figures had risen to roughly 1.3 mil- lion and 4.2 million respectively. The chief causes were renewed fighting between Ethiopia and Eritrea, continuing violence in southern Somalia and Sudan, and severe drought in parts of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. The resumption of hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea in May led to the internal displacement of 1.1 million persons in Eritrea alone, while thousands fled to neighbouring countries, including 95,000 to Sudan, 1,000 to Djibouti and 1,000 to Yemen. Following the signing on 18 June of a cease-fire agree- of Africa ment negotiated by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea ceased. A Tripartite Agreement between UNHCR and the governments of Sudan and Eritrea signed on 15 July paved the way for the return of some 25,000 Eritreans, while others returned spontaneously. According to government figures, some 600,000 IDPs also returned home, mainly to areas in the Gash-Barka and Debub zones. Most of the remaining IDPs cannot yet return to their homes and are accommodated in IDP camps and with host families. Others remain scat- East and Horn tered in mountains and valleys. Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Sudan Uganda 70 — UNHCR 2001 Global Appeal East and Horn of Africa In Ethiopia, an estimated 350,000 persons have been internal- Other countries of the region continued to suffer from the ly displaced since 1998 and are still unable to return to their consequences of protracted conflicts. -
An Overlooked Population of the Beira Antelope Dorcatragus Megalotis in Djibouti
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS An overlooked population of the beira antelope Dorcatragus megalotis in Djibouti The beira antelope Dorcatragus megalotis, In contrast to other authors, Simoneau which is listed as possibly extinct in Djibouti (1974) reported that beira occurred through- in the 1996IUCN Red List, was observed out Djibouti, but particularly in the south. there by the authors in 1993/94. The authors Kingdon (1989) mapped the distribution of the beira without references, but obviously in ac- discuss its status in the country and the cordance with Maydon (1932), Yalden et al. action needed for its conservation. (1984) and Simonetta (1988), plus an ad- ditional isolated occurrence in Djibouti along the northern coast of the Gulf of Tadjoura Beira distribution and status (Area 4, Figure 1). The distribution map of his more recent book (Kmgdon, 1997), however, From the available literature it is not clear omits any occurrence of the beira in Djibouti. whether or not the beira antelope Dorcatragus Seal et al. (1990) included the species as megalotis occurs in Djibouti (Table 1). Yalden et 'Under Immediate Threat' while IUCN (1996) al. (1984) following Ansell (1971) described the listed it as Vulnerable in Ethiopia and species as being endemic to the north-east re- Somalia, but possibly extinct in Djibouti. gion of the Somali-arid zone. Their distri- bution map depicted the range as mainly in Somalia (Areas 1 and 1.1, Figure 1), and very This study marginally in Ethiopia, in the Marmar Mountains (Area 2, Figure 1), but not in We report having seen the beira at two sites in Djibouti. -
European Academic Research, Vol III, Issue 3, June 2015 Murty, M
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 10/ January 2016 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org An Economic Analysis of Djibouti - Ethiopia Railway Project Dr. DIPTI RANJAN MOHAPATRA Associate Professor (Economics) School of Business and Economics Madawalabu University Bale Robe, Ethiopia Abstract: Djibouti – Ethiopia railway project is envisaged as a major export and import connection linking land locked Ethiopia with Djibouti Port in the Red Sea’s international shipping routes. The rail link is of utter significance both to Ethiopia and to Djibouti, as it would not only renovate this tiny African nation into a multimodal transport hub but also will provide competitive advantage over other regional ports. The pre-feasibility study conducted in 2007 emphasized the importance of the renovation of the project from economic and financial angle. However, as a part of GTP of Ethiopia this project has been restored with Chinese intervention. The operation expected in 2016. The proposed project is likely to provide multiple benefits such as time saving, reduction in road maintenance costs, fuel savings, employment generation, reduction in pollution, foreign exchange earnings and revenue generation. These benefits will accrue to government, passengers, general public and to society in nutshell. Here an economic analysis has been carried out to evaluate certain benefits that the project will realize against the cost streams in 25 years. The NPV of the cost streams @ 12% calculated to be 6831.30 million US$. The economic internal rate of return of investments will be 18.90 percent. Key words: EIRR, NPV, economic viability, sensitivity analysis JEL Classification: D6, R4, R42 11376 Dipti Ranjan Mohapatra- An Economic Analysis of Djibouti - Ethiopia Railway Project 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The Djibouti-Ethiopia Railway (Chemin de Fer Djibouti- Ethiopien, or CDE) Project is 784 km railway running from Djibouti to Addis Ababa via Dire Dawa. -
Remote Warfare and Sexual Violence in Djibouti
REMOTE WARFARE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN DJIBOUTI 1 © 2017 Reaching Critical Will of the Women’s International Written by Ray Acheson League for Peace and Freedom Many thanks to Cynthia Enloe, Madeleine Rees, and Sanne AUGUST 2017 Terlingen for reviewing and providing input to this report. REMOTE WARFARE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN Thanks to Nina Maria Mørk Hansen for reviewing the layout. DJIBOUTI 1st edition Thanks also to Sanne Terlingen and Hannah Kooy for their 48 pp. investigative reporting on this issue for OneWorld. Permission is granted for non-commercial reproduction, Layout: Ray Acheson copying, distribution, and transmission of this publication or parts thereof so long as full credit is given to the Cover photo: Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti - Screen shot from organisation and author; the text is not altered, transformed, Google Maps taken November 2016 or built upon; and for any reuse or distribution, these terms are made clear to others. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ...............................................4 Introduction .....................................................7 Remote warfare in Djibouti ........................................ 12 Foreign military bases .......................................................12 Other foreign militaries operating in Djibouti ......................................18 Contractors ...............................................................18 Arms transfers and trafficking ...................................... 25 Transfers .................................................................25 -
USAID Djibouti Fact Sheet
FOOD ASSISTANCE FACT SHEET DJIBOUTI Updated June 12, 2019 Djibouti is an arid, desert-like country, characterized by low rainfall, extremely limited agricultural production, and a heavy reliance on food imports. More than half of the rural population are food-insecure and the poorest households spend more than three-quarters of their budget on food. SITUATION • Djibouti is a small nation of fewer than 1 million people, which hosts an estimated 29,200 refugees primarily originating from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and, more recently, Yemen. The majority of refugees have resided in camps in Ali Sabieh for up to 20 years. Refugees have very limited livelihood opportunities, leaving them vulnerable to food insecurity and dependent on assistance. • Approximately 50,000 rural and refugee households experienced Crisis (IPC 3) or worse acute food insecurity as of May, according to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network. Food insecurity is likely most severe among poor households in Ali Sabieh, Dikhil and Obock, where drought in previous years has led to high livestock losses. These households persistently face severe food insecurity as they have limited income and access to food. • Cumulative rainfall in 2018 was well above-average, alleviating drought FOOD FOR PEACE CONTRIBUTIONS conditions from prior years and enabling some pastoral households to TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS PER FISCAL YEAR (FY) sustain small increases in livestock herds. However, below-average U.S. DOLLARS METRIC TONS* October-to-February seasonal rainfall and warmer-than-average land FY 2019 $4.9 million 3,690 MT surface temperatures over eastern Djibouti are contributing to poor FY 2018 $4.0 million 2,800 MT rangeland conditions and limited livestock productivity. -
WHEC UPDATE Leadership Development Series
WHEC UPDATE Briefings of worldwide activity of Women’s Health and Education Center (WHEC) August 2017; Vol. 12, No. 8 Leadership Development Series Do you find yourself taking one of the extreme positions or are you somewhere in between? The anxiety of need has largely been replaced by the anxiety of want. Clearly, the answer lies in striking a balance. A little bit of caution and advanced planning can prevent most financial problems. At the same time, knowing how to free yourself from endless worry is equally important. This is one case in which the real leadership position is in the middle, at the balance point. In sum, balance and perspective are fundamental to personal leadership mastery: prudence balanced with freedom, work balanced with rest, career balanced with family, and material well-being balanced with spiritual awareness. Leadership in your personal life means – investing in your own happiness. You wouldn’t expect a large organization to run on its own, with no vision, no direction, no guidelines, and no leadership. A corporation is not a self-cleaning oven. By the same token, you cannot expect your private life to run itself either. If you don’t take control of it, somebody or something else will. When the many dimensions of every day are filled with challenge, commitment, love, and humor, then the possibilities are endless. Above all, remember that when you put your feet on the floor in the morning, you have the power to make it a good day or a bad day. You are either going to enjoy life in the next twenty- four hours, or you are not. -
SOMALIA ! Warabeye ! Daba Dan Gorayale Gorayo ! SOOL !
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