Report of the Technical Regulator

This is the annual report of the Technical Regulator under the Electricity Act 1996 and the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000. It describes the operations of the Technical Regulator for the financial year 2013-14 as required by sections 14 and 25 of the Acts respectively. These sections require the minister to cause a copy of the report to be laid before both houses of parliament.

The Technical Regulator is a statutory office established by Section 7 of the Electricity Act 1996. Robert Faunt has held this office since he was appointed as the Technical Regulator on 28 February 2003.

Technical Regulator: Robert Faunt

Address: Level 8, ANZ Building 11 Waymouth Street Adelaide 5000

Postal Address: GPO Box 320 Adelaide SA 5001

Telephone: (08) 8226 5500

Facsimile: (08) 8226 5529

Office Hours: 9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday (except public holidays)

Website: www.sa.gov.au/otr

Email: [email protected]

ISSN: 1832-8687

Front Cover Photos: Top row: Panoramic View of Clements Gap Wind Farm Middle row (left to right): Electrical installations, High voltage substation equipment, Electrical worker working at a substation Bottom row: Davenport transmission line, courtesy of ElectraNet

Inside Photos: Torrens Island Power Station (page 9), courtesy of AGL Energy Tungkillo Substation (page 10), courtesy of ElectraNet Powerlines at Iron Knob (page 13), courtesy of Cowell Electric

Note: All photographs in this report have been used with the permission of the relevant provider.

i Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Preface

This report covers the Technical Regulator’s operations under the Electricity Act 1996 and the Technical Regulator’s administration of the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000 for the financial year ending 30 June 2014.

Electricity Act 1996

Section 3 of the Electricity Act 1996 states that: “The objects of this Act are— (a) to promote efficiency and competition in the electricity supply industry; and (b) to promote the establishment and maintenance of a safe and efficient system of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and supply; and (c) to establish and enforce proper standards of safety, reliability and quality in the electricity supply industry; and (d) to establish and enforce proper safety and technical standards for electrical installations; and (e) to protect the interests of consumers of electricity.”

Section 8 of the Act states that: “The Technical Regulator has the following functions: (a) the monitoring and regulation of safety and technical standards in the electricity supply industry; and (b) the monitoring and regulation of safety and technical standards with respect to electrical installations; and (c) the administration of the provisions of this Act relating to the clearance of vegetation from powerlines; and (ca) the monitoring and investigation of major interruptions to the electricity supply in the State and the provision of reports relating to such interruptions in accordance with any requirements prescribed by the regulations; and (d) any other functions prescribed by regulation or assigned to the Technical Regulator by or under this or any other Act.”

Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000

The Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000 makes provisions relating to the safety, performance, energy efficiency and labelling of products powered by electricity, gas or some other energy source. Section 6 of the Act states that a trader must not sell certain energy products unless they are labelled so as to indicate compliance with applicable safety and performance standards.

ii Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Contents

Report of the Technical Regulator i

Preface ii

Contents iii

Technical Regulator’s Commentary 1

The Office of the Technical Regulator 3

Section 1: Electrical Infrastructure 4 1.1 Electricity Supply 4 1.1.1 Purpose of the SRMTMP 4 1.1.2 Audits of Compliance 4 1.2 Audits by the Technical Regulator 5 1.2.1 SA Power Networks 5 1.3 Ensuring Safety within the Electricity Supply Industry 7 1.4 Major Generators 8 1.5 Wind Generation 9 1.6 Transmission 9 1.6.1 ElectraNet’s Key Performance Indicators 10 1.6.2 Murraylink Transmission Company 10 1.7 Distribution 11 1.7.1 SA Power Networks Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 13 1.8 Emergency Management 14

Section 2: Safety Clearances to Powerlines 15 2.1 Vegetation Clearance 15 2.1.1 Risks associated with Vegetation near Powerlines 15 2.1.2 Vegetation Clearance Objections 16 2.1.3 Vegetation Clearance Agreements 16 2.1.4 Exemption to Planting Restrictions 17 2.2 Building and Working Clearances 17 2.2.1 Risks associated with Buildings near Powerlines 17 2.2.2 Building Clearance Approvals 18 2.2.3 Equipment contacting overhead power lines 18 2.2.4 Public Education 19

Section 3: Electrical Installations 20 3.1 Targeted Audits 20 3.2 Major Events 22 3.3 Major Incidents/Investigations 22 3.3.1 Electrical accidents 22 3.3.2 Electrical fires 23 3.4 Shock Reports 23 3.5 Disciplinary action 24

iii Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

3.5.1 Prosecutions 24 3.5.2 Expiations 24 3.5.3 Referral to the Office of Consumer and Business Affairs 24 3.6 Communication and Education 24 3.6.1 ‘Roadshows’ and other Presentations 24 3.6.2 Displays and Trade Functions 25 3.6.3 Regulation Roundup 25 3.6.4 Technical Standards Committees 26 3.7 Electrical Installation Work Indicators 26

Section 4: Electrical Products 27 4.1 Role of the Technical Regulator 28 4.2 Product Safety 28 4.2.1 Product Approval 28 4.2.2 Product Approval Safety Process 28 4.2.3 Risks due to faulty or misused Products 29 4.2.4 Product Failures and Corrective Actions 32 4.2.5 Recall Notices 32 4.2.6 Stop Sales 36 4.2.7 Mutual Recognition 36 4.3 Product Energy Efficiency 37 4.4 Performance Indicators 37 4.4.1 Product Enquiries 37 4.4.2 Approval Figures for 2013-14 37 4.4.3 Actions on Products for 2013-14 38 4.4.4 Industry Communication 40

Section 5: Consumer Safety Awareness 41 5.1 Consumer Education 41 5.1.1 Increasing Consumer Awareness 41 5.1.2 Continuous Safety Promotion 41 5.1.3 Technical Regulator Website 41 5.2 Electrical Safety Survey 44 5.2.1 Objectives 44 5.2.2 Sample 44 5.2.3 Main Findings 44 5.2.4 Future Promotional Opportunities 46

Section 6: Regulatory Coordination 47 6.1 Electrical Technical Advisory Committee (ETAC) 47 6.2 Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council (ERAC) 47 6.3 Energy Industry Ombudsman 49

Appendix 1: Operating Statement 50

Appendix 2: Personal Injury 52

Appendix 3: Legislative Framework 53 A3.1 Objectives of the Electricity Act 1996 53 A3.2 Functions of the Technical Regulator 53

iv Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A3.3 Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 54 A3.4 Standards, Codes and Guidelines 54

Appendix 4: Major risks associated with the electricity industry and the activities of the Technical Regulator 57

Appendix 5: Products 58 A5.1 Proclaimed Electrical Products 58 A5.2 Proclaimed Products requiring MEPS Registration 59 A5.3 Proclaimed Products requiring Energy Efficiency Labelling 59

Appendix 6: Generators 60 A6.1 Major Generators 60 A6.1.1 Torrens Island Power Station (TIPS) 60 A6.1.2 Port Augusta Power Stations 60 A6.1.3 Hallett Power Station 61 A6.1.4 Osborne Cogeneration 61 A6.1.5 Ladbroke Grove and Quarantine Power Stations 62 A6.1.6 Synergen Power Generation Sites 63 A6.1.7 Pelican Point Power Station 64 A6.2 Wind Farms 65 A6.3 Small Operators 66

Appendix 7: Transmission 67

Appendix 8: Distribution 69

Appendix 9: Glossary and Abbreviations 71 A9.1 Definitions 71 A9.2 Performance Indicator Definitions 71 A9.3 Performance Indicator Formulae 72 A9.4 Units 72 A9.5 Prefixes 72 A9.6 Acronyms and Abbreviations 73

v Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Technical Regulator’s Commentary

The major issues that arose from the Technical Regulator’s operations and administration in 2013-14 were:

Electrical Safety Performance and Fatalities The primary objective of the Technical Regulator is to monitor and regulate the safety and technical standards across the whole energy supply chain. The reduction or elimination of electricity related fatalities and incidents remain the priority of the office.

Unfortunately one electrocution occurred in South Australia during the past financial year, where a worker on a building site came in contact with 11kV powerlines.

This tragic event re-emphasizes the need for proper work procedures and methods, and an appropriate risk assessment when undertaking all work near powerlines. It confirms the on- going need for education and promotion of electrical safety within the industry and the general public.

Electrical Installation Safety and Poor and Dangerous Work Practices In 2013-14, the Technical Regulator continued to monitor and regulate the electrical trades industry by auditing electrical workers, contractors and electrical installations to ensure compliance with legislative requirements. Audits were carried out on targeted areas of the electrical industry where specific issues had been identified in relation to non-compliance with electrical standards.

Building and Vegetation Clearances from Powerlines The Office of the Technical Regulator is the prime source of information when working and building near powerlines, and is very valued by the building and construction industry.

The Technical Regulator also administers the legislative requirements to maintain clearance distances between powerlines and vegetation. The main intention of these prescribed distances is to minimise the risk of catastrophic bushfires being started by powerlines.

Electrical Products Regulation Prescribed electrical products that are either manufactured in or imported into South Australia require approval prior to sale. The Technical Regulator also monitors these products after sale, through field audits and product investigations, based on reported failures.

The Office of the Technical Regulator is represented on national regulatory and Standards committees to ensure that Regulators act in a coordinated manner throughout Australia, and that the safety standards impose a common, acceptable level of safety.

Communication and Education The Technical Regulator, in conjunction with the National Electrical and Communications Association (NECA) and SA Power Networks, conducted a series of safety seminars throughout the State. The seminars give the opportunity for interaction between the industry and the Technical Regulator. This year some 110 presentations were delivered to various industry groups.

The Technical Regulator also provides a range of other educational material, such as a biannual industry newsletter, various safety brochures and information provided on the Technical Regulator website.

1 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Summary The Office of the Technical Regulator continued to perform its functions well during the financial year 2013-14.

Analysis of resource efficiency indicates that the Office is making good use of available resources.

All requirements of the legislation assigned to the Technical Regulator have been addressed throughout the year within the resources allocated for this purpose.

Rob Faunt, Technical Regulator

September 2014

2 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

The Office of the Technical Regulator

The roles and functions of the Technical Regulator within the electricity industry are established by the Electricity Act 1996 and the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000, together with the associated Regulations.

The Office of the Technical Regulator The Office of the Technical Regulator (OTR) was a section of 45 full time equivalent positions (FTE) (directly employed) within the Energy Markets and Programs Division of the Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy (DMITRE). As of 1 July 2014 DMITRE merged with other Government agencies to become the Department of State Development (DSD). Sixteen (rounded to nearest number) full time equivalent positions are assigned to the Electrical Branch of the Technical Regulator. Administration and legal support are shared between the Electrical, Gas and Plumbing branches.

The Technical Regulator is responsible to the South Australian Government for the safety and technical performance of the electrical industry, to maximise the safety of the community. To fulfil this responsibility, the Technical Regulator carries out an extensive range of activities, including monitoring electrical safety and performance standards and enforcing the electrical industry’s compliance with these standards.

The activities undertaken by the electrical infrastructure, electrical installations and electrical products sections of the Office of the Technical Regulator are discussed in detail in this report.

3 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 1: Electrical Infrastructure

The Technical Regulator is responsible for the monitoring and regulation of safety and technical standards in the electricity supply industry to promote the establishment and maintenance of a safe and efficient electricity generation, transmission, distribution and supply system, as stated in the Electricity Act 1996.

1.1 Electricity Supply A key licence requirement for electricity infrastructure entities under the Electricity Act 1996 is to prepare and periodically revise a Safety, Reliability, Maintenance and Technical Management Plan (SRMTMP). The details to be included in the SRMTMP are listed in Regulation 72(2) of the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012.

The Technical Regulator reviews an electrical entity’s SRMTMP and, where appropriate, makes recommendations and comments to assist in refining it before recommending it to the licensing authority for the electricity supply industry, the Essential Services Commission of South Australia (ESCOSA) for approval.

Under regulation 72(1) of the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012, the Technical Regulator may require a person who is exempt from the requirement to hold a licence to submit a SRMTMP to the Technical Regulator for approval.

1.1.1 Purpose of the SRMTMP The Technical Regulator aims to ensure the safety of electricity infrastructure. Section 60 of the Electricity Act 1996 requires a person who owns or operates electricity infrastructure to take reasonable steps to ensure that:  the infrastructure complies with and is operated in accordance with the technical and safety requirements imposed under the regulations (The Electricity (General) Regulations 2012), and  the infrastructure is safe and safely operated

A SRMTMP is a high level document relating to the operational standards, which defines key performance indicators to measure actual performance of the entity. It provides an auditable quality approach to industry safety and technical performance, encouraging the continuous improvement of safety systems and technical compliance.

The major section of the SRMTMP addresses issues relating to the technical standards, operating and maintenance procedures and management practices, including electrical and safety requirements, applicable to the entity. The SRMTMP demonstrates the means by which the entity will comply with the direct requirements of the legislation as well as the Standards and Codes called up by the legislation.

SRMTMPs in Operation There were 46 SRMTMPs in operation, as of 30 June 2014. Fourteen of these plans are related to wind farms.

1.1.2 Audits of Compliance Entities with an SRMTMP in operation longer than 12 months are required to complete an audit of their compliance with the plan. The regulatory process encourages electricity industry participants to take a continuous improvement approach through this audit.

Once the Technical Regulator has reviewed the audit report and is satisfied that the entity has addressed all identified issues and complied with its SRMTMP, the entity then updates the

4 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

SRMTMP to include required changes identified in the audit and any recommendations from the Technical Regulator. This process forms the basis of the annual update of the SRMTMPs.

The Technical Regulator may also make recommendations for the format of future audit reports.

1.2 Audits by the Technical Regulator In addition to relying on the self-audits of the electricity industry, each year the Technical Regulator conducts safety and technical audits of a number of electricity entities, covering selected aspects of their operations under Section 72(3) of the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012.

The purpose of the audits is to verify that electricity entities are complying with their SRMTMP for the matters within the scope of the audit.

The audit ensures that safety and technical standards are maintained in the electricity supply industry by confirming that:  appropriate systems and processes have been developed  compliance with these systems and processes is maintained  the systems and processes comply with the entity’s current approved SRMTMP

The Technical Regulator conducts both field audits and desktop audits in order to confirm that appropriate policies and procedures are in place and adopted by staff to ensure the safe and reliable operations of an electricity entity. The desktop audits for each entity cover a range of topics with some core questions being common for all audits, whereas the field audits by their nature are limited to sample operations.

Both types of audit often include an element to be audited where a particular failure of an entity may, in the past, have come to the attention of the Technical Regulator. Samples and topics audited are therefore not necessarily chosen at random. The findings generally allow the Technical Regulator to develop an understanding of the entities’ operations and asset maintenance.

The Office of the Technical Regulator envisages auditing all South Australian electricity entities over a regular cycle, but has to take into account operational and staffing issues of the Office and a large increase in the number of small entities over the recent years.

As an exception to the above mentioned cycle, SA Power Networks is audited on an annual basis due to the large number of the SA Power Networks’ assets that could affect the public, which results in a comparatively higher risk for the general public.

1.2.1 SA Power Networks The Technical Regulator undertook desktop and field audits of SA Power Networks during three days in December 2013 and January 2014, in combination with a review of documented procedures. The desktop audit focussed on the topics of vegetation and bushfire risk management, maintenance strategy and the procedures surrounding Network Access Permits. The field audits sought to verify the discussions and findings from the desktop audits in regard to vegetation and bushfire management and Network Access Permits.

Vegetation and Bushfire Risk Management Section 3.18 of their SRMTMP provides an overview of SA Power Networks’ approach to bushfire mitigation to avoid an uncoordinated approach by SA Power Networks and other relevant stakeholders. The section refers to the SA Power Networks Bushfire Risk Management Manual for details on policies and procedures, including the disconnection policy, which provided the basis for this part of the desktop audit.

5 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

In addition to the above, section 4.3 of the SA Power Networks SRMTMP states that a lack of processes to properly manage vegetation around powerlines results in the risk of

“interruption to supply and consequential loss to customers with the attendant risk to life and property from the risk of fire starts”.

The purpose of the vegetation management program is to maintain statutory clearances between trees and power lines as a critical part of bushfire risk management. This involves the clearance of vegetation of all kinds from public supply lines and naturally occurring vegetation from private supply lines in accordance with the Regulations to the Electricity Act 1996 and the requirements of the Native Vegetation Act 1991”.

Since January 2010 the scoping and cutting of vegetation has been undertaken by contractors, with SA Power Networks staff auditing the contractors to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010. The SRMTMP refers to the SAPN Vegetation Management Manual No. 37, which established the processes and expected outcomes for the purpose of the OTR audit.

OTR auditors were seeking evidence from SA Power Networks that the above mentioned procedures had been implemented in accordance with the documentation.

The OTR audit also noted whether procedures had been reviewed and updated, which can be an indicator of whether a procedure is relevant and actively implemented by staff at all times.

Maintenance Strategy In accordance with section 4.0 of their SRMTMP, SA Power Networks is committed to ensuring the performance of the electricity infrastructure by the provision of effective maintenance strategies and practices.

The lack of such strategies could result in failure of the infrastructure with associated risks of physical injury to the members of the public, impact on quality of supply and property damage.

The OTR took into consideration during its audit whether SA Power Networks had appropriate maintenance strategies for selected categories of infrastructure assets.

Network Access Permits The Network Access Permit system regulates how any work in direct contact with, or in close proximity to the network can be undertaken in a safe manner by external parties, e.g. by de- energizing the network for a period of time, or reducing any safety risks by changing the protection settings to non-auto reclose function.

The intention of a Network Access Permit is thus to keep members of the public, contractors as well as SA Power Networks staff safe from direct contact with live parts.

The procedure for network access is provided in the publicly available SA Power Networks document “NICC-404: Information on Contractor Access working in the Vicinity of the Electricity Network”, which forms part of a suite of documents as listed under sections 3.6 and 3.19 of the SRMTMP.

When undertaking any switching for a Network Access Permit, there is also a risk to staff, which needs to be taken into consideration.

The OTR sought to satisfy itself by means of both a desktop audit and a field audit that procedures were in place to appropriately deal with the risk when working near powerlines, and that these procedures were implemented in the field.

6 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

1.3 Ensuring Safety within the Electricity Supply Industry Public Safety Public safety is achieved under the Electricity Act 1996 through:

 The prescription of safe distances between powerlines and structures or vegetation  The definition of safe working distances in proximity to powerlines, which vary depending on the voltage of the powerlines, the type of activity being performed and the risk assessment being considered by the worker  The definition of technical safety

Safe Work Practices The safety of electrical workers is regulated by the Work Health and Safety Act 2012. Accidents are required to be reported in accordance with Regulation 70 of the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012.

The Electricity Act 1996 and the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 set out requirements related to the safety of electricity infrastructure, including monitoring through SRMTMPs and also of electrical installations. Safety performance is measured against nationally accepted benchmarks and expressed as:  Lost Time Injuries – the number of injuries resulting in more than one working day lost  Medical Treatment Injuries – the number of injuries requiring medical treatment

Electricity entities provide these indicators as part of their annual reporting to the Technical Regulator.

Live Powerline Work Safety The Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 prescribe safety procedures and processes to be employed while working on or near live powerlines. A person who wants to perform high voltage live line work must complete an appropriate training course. The content of that course and the course and training provider must be approved by the Technical Regulator.

Currently, five training providers have obtained Technical Regulator approval:  SA Power Networks Skill Enhancement Centre  Omaka Training (New Zealand)  TransGrid  SERECT—a subsidiary of Electrité de France (EDF)  Aeropower Pty Ltd

Substation Work Safety Substations are considered high risk areas. Prior to working in a substation, a worker must have the appropriate level of accreditation for access to the required areas and functions in the substations, complete an induction and follow safe access processes including compliance with work permit systems.

7 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 1-0: Working within a substation 1.4 Major Generators In South Australia, the major entities responsible for scheduled generation, supply a total installed capacity of 3639 MW as shown in Table 1.4.

Table 1.4: Major generators Location Capacity Licensed Entity (MW) Torrens Island (A and B) 1,280 AGL Energy Limited

Port Augusta 786 Flinders Power Holdings GmbH, Flinders (Northern and Playford) Labuan (No. 1) Ltd, Flinders Labuan (No.2.) Ltd, Flinders Operating Services Pty Ltd

Pelican Point 478 Pelican Point Power Limited

Dry Creek, Mintaro, Port 383 Synergen Power Pty Limited Lincoln and Snuggery

Hallett 228 EnergyAustralia Hallett Pty Ltd

Quarantine 224 Origin Energy Power Ltd

Osborne 180 Flinders Osborne Trading Pty Ltd and Flinders Operating Services Pty Ltd (Joint Venture of ATCO Power Australia Pty Ltd and Origin Energy Power Ltd)

Ladbroke Grove 80 Origin Energy Power Ltd

Reference source: AEMO: South Australian Generation Information (30 May 2014)

8 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Natural gas is the source of fuel for the majority of the generators. The gas is piped from two independent sources: the Moomba-Adelaide Pipeline (MAP) and the SEAGas Pipeline.

Figure 1-1: AGL Energy’s Torrens Island Power Station 1.5 Wind Generation South Australia has the highest installed capacity and contribution from wind energy in the country. Currently, there are 16 wind generation licenses including two newly committed wind farms with a total output capacity of 1472.9 MW.

Large wind farms include AGL Hydro Partnership’s three generating licences at Bluff Wind Farm (52.5 MW), North Brown Hill Wind Farm (132.3 MW) and Hallett Hill Wind Farm (71.4 MW), AGL Power Generation’s Brown Hill Wind Farm (94.5 MW), Energy Australia’s Waterloo Wind Farm (111 MW), Snowtown Pty Ltd Wind Farm (98.7 MW) and the three stages of Lake Bonney Wind Power Pty Ltd having a total generating capacity of 278.5 MW.

Reference: AEMO: SA existing wind generation information (30 May 2014) and ESCOSA Licences

1.6 Transmission In South Australia, the major entity responsible for electricity transmission is ElectraNet Pty Limited trading as ElectraNet. At 30 June 2014, there were approximately 5,600 circuit kilometres of transmission lines operating at voltages of 275 kV, 132 kV and 66 kV as shown in Table 1.6.1:

The South Australian electricity transmission network is connected to Victoria through the Heywood and Murraylink interconnectors.

Table 1.6.1: ElectraNet transmission network length

Voltage (kV) Overhead (km) Underground (km) 275 2,573 26 132 3,007 0 66 23 3 Total 5,603 29

9 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

ElectraNet operates 88 substations. Substations included in the transmission network are primarily of outdoor construction and air insulated. The network includes some gas insulated metal clad switchgear. ElectraNet does not own all of the assets or land at a number of substations; these sites are shared with other electricity entities, primarily SA Power Networks, the operator of the distribution network.

Figure 1-2: ElectraNet’s Tungkillo Substation and transmission powerlines

A system monitoring and switching centre for the transmission network is located in Adelaide and includes Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) facilities to monitor system conditions at substations and to control equipment in the network.

The transmission system is the backbone of electricity supply in South Australia and is being maintained at a high level of reliability and availability. Transmission Line Availability Transmission line availability for the ElectraNet transmission network was 99.34% for 2013- 14.

1.6.1 ElectraNet’s Key Performance Indicators ElectraNet’s Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from its SRMTMP are listed in Appendix 7. These cover safety and technical Standards against which ElectraNet reports its performance.

1.6.2 Murraylink Transmission Company The Murraylink Transmission Company Pty Ltd runs an inter-regional transmission service comprising of two high voltage direct current cables 176 kilometres in length between Berri in South Australia and Red Cliffs in Victoria. At both ends of the cable is a DC-AC converter station to connect Murraylink to the existing transmission systems in South Australia (at 132 kV) and Victoria (at 220 kV).

Murraylink is a bi-directional facility with a steady state transfer capability of 220 MW at the receiving end. It provides South Australian consumers with access to generation from Victoria and New South Wales at times of local peak loads or generation shortfall. During off-peak periods, Murraylink is able to export excess South Australian generation to Victoria and New South Wales consumers.

10 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Interconnector Performance Indicators The Technical Regulator requires Murraylink to include performance indicators in its annual SRMTMP report to the Technical Regulator as required under the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012. In 2013-14, the overall interconnector availability was 98.95%

1.7 Distribution In South Australia, the entity primarily responsible for electricity distribution is SA Power Networks which serves 843,121 customers. There are a number of smaller distribution entities covering remote areas. Some of these areas are currently managed by SA Power Networks under contract. The SA Power Networks’ distribution system consists of 88,094 kilometres of overhead lines and underground cables and 404 substations. Some distribution substations are within sites shared with ElectraNet.

Table 1.7.1: Distribution network length at June 2014

Operating Voltage Overhead (km) Underground (km) Low Voltage (<1000 Volts) 18,957 12,827 11 kV (includes 7.6 kV) 17,724 3,873 19 kV (SWER) 29,093 59 33 kV 3,951 116 66 kV 1,435 48 132 kV¹ 11 0 Total 71,171 16,923 Note 1: Licence modified to allow for 132 kV distribution assets

Figure 1-3: SA Power Network’s service pit connecting residential customers

Reliability The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) advised numerous severe weather events in 2013-14. Many of these were categorised as Major Severe Weather Events (MSWE) with seven days being classified as Major Event Days (MEDs). Such events pose a major challenge for the reliability and management of the electricity distribution network. SA Power Networks stated that it had employed best endeavours to meet reliability standards and targets.

The distribution reliability index (unplanned) System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) for SA Power Networks’ distribution system in 2013-14 was an average of 287 minutes per customer. One hundred and thirteen (113) minutes of this annual figure was

11 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

attributed to seven MEDs. One MED on 4 February contributed more than half the MED unplanned SAIDI for 2013-14. This event affected in excess of 80,000 customers with significant infrastructure damage. The greater intensity MEDs experienced in 2013-14 resulted in longer average customer restoration of supply times.

SA Power Networks’ normalised SAIDI1 performance, (i.e. excluding significant weather events) in accordance with a modified IEEE Standard 13662, would result in a State-wide SAIDI of 174 minutes.

The Technical Regulator is continuing to monitor SA Power Networks’ performance across all areas.

Figure 1-4: State-wide unplanned SAIDI3 for SA (minutes per customer)

Note 1: From 1 July 2010 SA Power Networks reporting to the Regulator is based on Outage Management System (OMS) data (available from 1 July 2005). This includes more accurate linking between the distribution system and customers, low voltage data and excludes planned interruptions. All years shown have been revised to reflect this change and to allow like-for-like comparison.

Note 2: SA Power Networks has excluded the major impact of significant weather events by excluding Major Event Day (MED) performance from the normalised performance. The MED is determined in accordance with the Australian Energy Regulator’s (AER) Service Target Performance Incentive Scheme Guideline which mirrors the IEEE Standard.

Note 3: Includes unplanned interruptions on the high voltage and low voltage distribution network.

SA Power Networks also provides quarterly reports to the Technical Regulator which details all major outages in the previous quarter.

Outage Causes Outage causes may be planned or unplanned. ’Weather’ and ‘Planned outage’4 were found to be the most significant causes of outages, followed by ‘Equipment failure’ and ‘Unknown’ causes.

The two major causes of unplanned interruptions across the State during the 2013-14 regulatory period continued to be ‘Weather’ and ‘Equipment Failure’. These two causes accounted for 42% and 19% respectively of the interruptions in 2013-14. SA Power Networks

12 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

performance is generally relatively consistent with the previous year’s performance (i.e. causes fall within the normally expected range), with the exception of Weather, which is higher than the average (due to eight Major Event Days).

SA Power Networks has highlighted that although the overall contribution from ‘Equipment Failure’ is reduced, there has been an increased contribution within this category due to the ageing of their assets, for example, ageing underground cables.

Figure 1-5: Contribution to SAIDI by cause for 2013-14

Note 4: SA Power Networks is required to use its best endeavours to provide each customer affected by a planned outage (if > 15 minutes) with at least 4 business days’ notice

1.7.1 SA Power Networks Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

SA Power Networks Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are provided above and in Appendix 8. These KPI’s cover service and technical Standards which include supply interruptions (outages), power surges and low and high voltage complaints (brownouts). SA Power Networks reports its performance against these KPIs, with reliability and outage indicators on a quarterly basis and all other indicators on an annual basis. The Technical Regulator receives and audits these reports and follows up on any technical issues to ensure that corrective action has been taken or is planned. This reporting process ensures that the Technical Regulator is kept informed of major outages and that the reliability of electricity supply is being maintained or improved.

Figure 1-6: SWER powerlines maintenance work at Iron Knob by Cowell Electric

13 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

1.8 Emergency Management The Technical Regulator works closely with all relevant emergency management stakeholders to assist in ensuring the resilience of the state in case of an energy emergency. Stakeholders included the SA Engineering Functional Service, SA Police, AEMO and personnel of all major energy entities in South Australia. The OTR has several staff members who are regularly engaged with the Engineering Functional Service, which provides engineering services and advice in response to a state emergency.

The Technical Regulator also manages the electricity load shedding list in cooperation with SA Power Networks, ElectraNet and the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). The list sets out the electrical circuits which should be tripped by the power system’s automatic protection mechanisms or if AEMO instructs South Australia to reduce load to maintain the power system’s security and integrity. The preparation of a rotational load shedding list is an obligation on the Technical Regulator under the National Electricity Rules in his role as the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for South Australia.

The Technical Regulator reviews the load shedding list on an annual basis in cooperation with SA Power Networks and ElectraNet to ensure all available electrical circuits are included and that the relevant systems and procedures are accurate and appropriate. The Technical Regulator also cooperates with AEMO throughout the year to guarantee an optimal response to any electricity emergency that may arise in South Australia.

There were no reported instances of under frequency or rotational load shedding in 2013-14. There was however a period of extreme heat during January 2014, with low electricity reserves during short periods causing concern. The National Electricity Market (NEM) power system is usually operated in such a manner that it can sustain the loss of the two largest generators or interconnectors without causing wide spread outages. During the heatwave from 13 – 17 January 2014 these reserve levels could not be maintained at all times. Fortunately load shedding was not required, but a loss of an interconnector or major generator would have changed the situation.

For a detailed report on the status of the power system during the heatwave, please refer to the AEMO report “Heatwave 13 – 17 January 2014” dated 26 January 2014.

The heatwave in South Australia broke several records, including:

 First ever five-day period above 42 °C (13-17 Jan 2014).  Hottest five-day maximum temperature on record (13-17 Jan 2014).  Hottest maximum five-day average temperature: 43.6 °C.  Fourth hottest day on record (45.1 °C, 14 Jan 2014).

Staff members of the Technical Regulator were on heightened alert at all times during the heatwave, and had prepared for a timely implementation of established and tested emergency procedures, should the circumstances have required such steps.

14 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 2: Safety Clearances to Powerlines

The Technical Regulator is responsible for the administration of the provisions of the Electricity Act 1996 relating to the safe clearance of buildings and structures, workers and equipment and vegetation from powerlines.

Where there is a dispute relating to either vegetation or building clearances, the Technical Regulator strives to facilitate a sensible, safe and agreeable resolution that complies with the requirements of the legislation.

2.1 Vegetation Clearance The Technical Regulator administers the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 which include:  the required clearance distances and the normal clearance cycle of vegetation  the list of species of vegetation which can be planted or nurtured near powerlines and  providing the occupiers of land an opportunity to lodge an objection in relation to vegetation clearance issues

Vegetation must not be planted and nurtured within the prescribed minimum safety clearance zone for powerlines.

The Technical Regulator is empowered to determine a vegetation clearance scheme dispute if the electricity entity and a metropolitan council fail to agree on a vegetation clearance scheme proposed by either party.

2.1.1 Risks associated with Vegetation near Powerlines

The risks directly associated with vegetation contacting powerlines include electric shocks, fire, damage to infrastructure and interruptions of supply.

To protect people and property from these risks, clearance zones and buffer zones which limit the amount of pruning of vegetation and planting restrictions have been established under the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010.

.

Figure 2-1: Damage to the electricity infrastructure due to a severe storm

15 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

In South Australia, a special case for concern is the risk of bushfires being started by overhead powerlines. This risk is principally managed through vegetation clearance keeping flammable material well away from powerlines.

No major fires in South Australia due to vegetation contacting the electricity transmission or distribution system were reported during 2013-14. SA Power Networks reported 0.89 fire starts per 1000 km of mains (see Appendix 8).

Figure 2-2: Vegetation clearance around powerlines

2.1.2 Vegetation Clearance Objections Electrical entities conduct a periodic vegetation inspection with an inspection frequency of no longer than three years. In the bushfire risk areas, annual inspections are conducted prior to the bushfire season.

When an electricity entity identifies vegetation on private property as requiring trimming or removal, the entity is required to provide the owner or occupier with a 30 day notice of intention to enter the property to cut vegetation. The owner or occupier then has 21 days after receiving the notice to lodge a written notice of objection with the Technical Regulator.

During the year the Technical Regulator assisted with 42 objections and numerous complaints regarding vegetation clearance issues. In all cases a mutually acceptable outcome was achieved.

The Technical Regulator held regular meetings with SA Power Networks and Active Tree Services’ management throughout the year, to discuss any disputes or other matters regarding vegetation near powerlines, which had come to the attention of the Technical Regulator.

2.1.3 Vegetation Clearance Agreements The Electricity Act 1996 makes provision for electricity transmission and distribution entities and councils to enter into agreed vegetation clearance schemes under which vegetation clearance responsibilities may be conferred on a council. A council also may agree to pay for the cost of more frequent clearance in order to reduce the scale of a three yearly pruning by the entity.

At 30 June 2014, all Vegetation Clearance Agreements between SA Power Networks and councils had expired. All these agreements were with rural councils. SA Power Networks will continue pruning in all areas as per its regular vegetation clearance regime.

16 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

2.1.4 Exemption to Planting Restrictions The Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 list species of vegetation that can be planted under or in proximity to powerlines. The selected species are not expected to exceed a certain height or encroach into the buffer or clearance zone.

In some instances the Technical Regulator may allow non-listed vegetation to be planted in proximity to powerlines. This is done through a conditional exemption from planting restrictions. The conditions generally specify the minimum safety clearance between vegetation and powerlines and put an obligation on the exemption recipient to maintain these clearances at all times.

The OTR has noticed an increase in instances where owners of private properties wish to have such exemptions removed, which often happens upon change of ownership of the land.

Table 2.1.1: Planting Restriction Exemptions for 2013-14

Exemptions submitted through SA Power Networks 3 Exemptions submitted through ElectraNet 0 Transfer of existing exemptions to new land owners 5

2.2 Building and Working Clearances The Electricity (General) Regulations 2012, under the Electricity Act 1996 define the minimum clearances between buildings or structures and powerlines. Section 86 of the Electricity Act 1996 also gives the Technical Regulator power to grant an approval (subject to limitations as specified in the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012) for a building or structure to be erected within the prescribed clearance distances.

2.2.1 Risks associated with Buildings near Powerlines Minimum building clearances are defined in legislation to prevent electric shocks, damage to infrastructure or property, and to ensure reliability of supply.

The OTR actively promotes awareness of these legislated distances within the construction industry by providing verbal and written advice and presentations, undertaking site assessments, and through distributing information via brochures and the internet.

The Electricity Act 1996 makes provisions for an electricity entity to rectify identified breaches of minimum safety clearances and recover the costs by means of a court order.

Figure 2-3: Building near powerlines with tiger tails applied

17 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

2.2.2 Building Clearance Approvals The Technical Regulator is responsible for granting approvals under Section 86 of the Electricity Act 1996 for the erection of buildings in proximity to powerlines.

Any requests for approval to build within the prescribed safety clearance area are assessed individually, by means of a risk assessment which takes into consideration the safety of building construction and maintenance as well as the finished building. Table 2.2.1: Building Clearance Approvals for 2013-14

Number of approvals granted 6 Number of requests for approval rejected 1

2.2.3 Equipment contacting overhead powerlines During 2013-14 South Australia has had one electrical fatality, during the construction of a building when a worker lifted sheet metal flashings that made contact with an overhead powerline.

In another incident a worker was severely injured when the gutters which were to be installed on a building came in contact with overhead 11kV powerlines.

Further twenty incidents involving contact of equipment with powerlines were reported to the Technical Regulator in 2013-14. This compares with 15 in the previous year. Eleven of the cases involved contact by vehicles such as cranes and tipper trucks with overhead powerlines. Two excavators and four farm machines made contact with powerlines and three were due to powerlines being hit by crop duster planes.

Figure 2-4: Using machinery and equipment in the vicinity of powerlines

18 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

2.2.4 Public Education The following brochures issued by the Technical Regulator are available upon request or for download via the internet:

 Building Safely near Powerlines  Working Safely near Overhead Powerlines  Working Safely near Underground Assets  Trees and Powerlines

These brochures have been distributed directly to all South Australian councils, as well as via SA Power Networks and by direct mail to people seeking advice by telephone. The Technical Regulator aims to reach a wider audience through communications with councils, builders and developers. A new brochure for Scaffolding near Overhead Powerlines is under review.

The Technical Regulator provides presentations that address the requirements for structures near powerlines. Five presentations were given on building and/or working in the vicinity of the powerlines in 2013-14 to building industry companies and local councils. Engineers from OTR frequently go for site visits and discuss the technical and legal requirements with all relevant parties.

19 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 3: Electrical Installations

The Technical Regulator’s safety presentations to the industry continue to play a vital role in maintaining a good safety record within the industry. Utilising Registered Training Organisations (RTOs), presentations are delivered to pre-vocational and first and third year apprentices. Developing a relationship with apprentices and pre-vocational students is viewed as an investment in the future safety of the industry. Building a positive relationship with electricians early on in their training ensures that they have access to current and relevant information.

This period has again shown a growing acknowledgement of the role of the Technical Regulator within the electrical industry. This, along with the Technical Regulator’s continued close interaction with SA Police, Consumer and Business Services (CBS), National Electrical Communications Association (NECA), Master Electricians Australia, SA Power Networks, the Metropolitan Fire Service (MFS), SafeWork SA and Housing SA helps to ensure that the electrical industry complies with safety requirements.

3.1 Targeted Audits In 2013-14, the Technical Regulator continued its program of auditing electrical workers, contractors and electrical installations to ensure compliance with legislative requirements. Audits were carried out on targeted areas of the electrical industry where specific issues had been identified in relation to non-compliance with electrical standards.

The Technical Regulator currently has four classifications of electrical audits:

1. Incidents/Complaints. The investigation of electrical work that is allegedly non- compliant, as well as electrical incidents that have been reported. 2. Stage 2 (Random) audits. Audits of work performed by electrical workers/contractors who are selected at random from the data base. The majority of the random audits are based on areas of concern. 3. Stage 3 Audits. Audits of electrical workers/contractors targeted for specific reasons (e.g. maintenance of certificates of compliance, calibration of testing equipment.) 4. Stage 4 Audits. Audits of in-house electrical workers, who perform electrical work directly for their employer, and do not work for an electrical contractor.

As part of the Technical Regulator’s continuing auditing program, over 268 Solar PV (photovoltaic) installations were audited across the state during 2013-2014. This is in addition to those carried out under the Federal Government Solar PV inspection programs in South Australia.

Figure 3-1: Example of PV array on commercial premises

20 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 3-2: Audits and Investigations 2007 to 2014

The Technical Regulator has a policy of disconnecting installations, or parts of installations, that are found to have immediately dangerous electrical breaches. This approach has proved to be the most effective way of ensuring that the risks of fire and electric shock are minimised, and that the breaches are rectified by the owner/occupier of the property. An Electrical Certificate of Compliance signed by a licensed electrical contractor, and test result sheet verifying the electrical integrity of the installation, must be supplied to the Technical Regulator before the electricity supply is re-connected.

Figure 3-3: Compliance of Audited Work for 2013-14

The number of compliant installations has increased by 19% on the previous year. The percentage of immediately dangerous electrical breaches during 2013-14 has decreased by 4% on the previous year, and potentially dangerous breaches have reduced by 12%. The bulk of these defects were due to the growing number of Technical Regulator audits conducted with SA Police on the premises at which cannabis crops were cultivated. Often the electrical work in those installations was found to have been unsafe, and performed by unlicensed

21 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

persons. A risk assessment of the electrical installation at each property is typically conducted prior to police entry.

While the number of issues identified is of concern, the results indicate the OTR’s resources are being applied effectively to have the greatest impact on improving safety.

Figure 3-4: Typical unsafe and non-compliant wiring associated with illegal cannabis crops

3.2 Major Events The Technical Regulator has again been directly involved in assisting organisers of various major events throughout South Australia to achieve compliance for temporary wiring installations. Through active involvement from the planning stage to the event, the Technical Regulator ensures that the organisers have designed and constructed temporary electrical installations in compliance with the relevant technical standard AS/NZS 3002 – Electrical Installations – Shows and Carnivals. As well as the Clipsal 500 Motor Race, there has been involvement in other large outdoor events such as the Adelaide Fringe, Womadelaide, Schutzenfest, Big Day Out and the Royal Show. Site visits were conducted to ensure that the electrical installations were compliant and created a safe environment for the public to enjoy the event. The Technical Regulator’s authorised officers were able to assist event organisers in advising concession stand holders about the minimum requirements for their electrical installations, avoiding last minute disputes and disconnections.

3.3 Major Incidents/Investigations 3.3.1 Electrical accidents Within the electrical industry, there was one electrical fatality in 2013-2014 when a worker at a construction site lifted sheet metal flashings that made contact with an overhead powerline.

22 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

3.3.2 Electrical fires The Technical Regulator assisted the MFS with the investigation of fires at various electrical installations throughout the year. Fires were related to the non-compliant and unsafe installation of electrical equipment associated with drug crops, defective electrical equipment or non- compliant and unsafe electrical installation work.

Figure 3-5: Fire damage caused by unsafe wiring

3.4 Shock Reports In 2013-14, a total of 852 electric shock reports were made to the Technical Regulator. The following table illustrates the groups of people who received the electric shocks.

Table 3.4.1: Breakdown of electric shocks

Shock Victim 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Electrical 27 49 52 52 workers Other trades 15 29 32 19 Employees 269 212 205 186 (in workforce)

General Public 516 538 558 595

Total 827 828 847 852

23 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Major Causes of Electric Shocks 2013-14 1% 1% Defective insulation 1 Direct contact with live 5% 6% parts Electrical faults

Electrostatic phenomena 33% SAPN MEN

50% Inadequate circuit design

Lack of earthing

Loss of earthing

2 1%

Figure 3-6: Major causes of electric shock for 2013-14

3.5 Disciplinary action 3.5.1 Prosecutions There were no prosecutions in the 2013-14 period. However there are cases which may result in future prosecutions pending further investigation.

3.5.2 Expiations During 2013-14, the Technical Regulator issued 10 expiation notices for non-compliant electrical work. Most of them related to the failure to issue an Electrical Certificate of Compliance and electrical workers not correctly completing the mandatory electrical safety tests on an electrical installation.

3.5.3 Referral to the Office of Consumer and Business Affairs During 2013-14, the Technical Regulator referred several cases to Consumer and Business Services (CBS) for enforcement action under the Plumbers Gas Fitters and Electricians Act 1995. These referrals resulted from electrical audits which identified repeated non-compliant work being carried out and/or unlicensed workers performing electrical work. As a result of one of the referrals, CBS sought disciplinary court action against an electrical contractor banning him from working in the electrical industry.

3.6 Communication and Education 3.6.1 ‘Roadshows’ and other Presentations The issues promoted to the electrical industry in South Australia at the annual NECA Roadshows included updates for the industry relating to changes to the legislation and Wiring Rules, changes to Solar PV installation standards, common defects relating to Solar PV installations and reports on accidents and fatalities. SA Power Networks also gave presentations on changes to its Service and Installation Rules. The Roadshows offered to electrical contractors and workers, were held at Maitland, Port Pirie, McLaren Vale, Adelaide, Nuriootpa, Elizabeth, Murray Bridge, Naracoorte, Mt Gambier, Robe, Berri, Port Lincoln, Whyalla, and Port Augusta. Additional Technical Regulator presentations were conducted at Kangaroo Island, and towns in the far north and on the west coast.

24 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

The Technical Regulator also regularly provides safety and technical presentations upon request, to industry and other government departments. Electrical contractors utilise these presentations as a part of their in-house training programs to assist with the on-going education of their employees. These presentations are valued by the Technical Regulator as an opportunity to build relationships with workers and contractors and respond to enquiries arising from their workplaces.

Presentations are also given to first and third year apprentices at TAFE and other RTO facilities in metropolitan and country areas.

Table 3.6.1: Presentations Audience Group Focus of Topics Number of Presentations

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 First year Electrical safety, testing and apprentices and certificates of compliance 36 31 10 Pre-voc Third year Electrical safety, testing, legislative 32 28 24 apprentices compliance and electrical fatalities NECA/OTR Road Changes to industry Shows practices/procedures, Wiring Rule 19 23 18 updates, safety updates Electrical Electrical safety, testing, legislative Contracting compliance and certificates of 10 9 7 Companies compliance Electrical Electrical Safety and compliance Wholesaler Trade displays 5 5 0 Functions Other groups or Electrical safety, testing and Government certificates of compliance 5 14 15 Departments

Total Number of Presentations 107 110 74

3.6.2 Displays and Trade Functions The Technical Regulator has retained a prominent profile throughout the electrical industry, with a continued demand for a presence at industry functions such as wholesaler trade nights and industry breakfasts. At these events the auditors are present to discuss electrical safety and compliance issues with the electrical contractors. The Technical Regulator has also been present at the Master Builders Association, Sunday Mail home building expos and the Caravan and Camping Show. Such events create an ideal opportunity to further promote electrical safety, and answer queries from the general public in a relaxed and friendly environment.

3.6.3 Regulation Roundup Editions 32 and 33 of Regulation Roundup were published in 2013-14 and were posted to electrical workers and contractors registered in South Australia. The publication is also made available to consultants, designers and other interested parties in both hard copy and electronic form. The two editions provided technical information relating to specific sections of the Wiring Rules and other electrical standards, information on Solar PV installations, safe working practices, and also promoted attendance at the NECA Roadshows.

After each mail out, the response from industry members who contact the Technical Regulator to discuss items addressed in the particular edition demonstrates that Regulation Roundup has become a valued source of information to the electrical industry.

25 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

3.6.4 Technical Standards Committees The Technical Regulator is represented on several Australian Standards Committees which set the minimum safety requirements for electrical installations ranging from construction and demolition sites to caravans and recreational boats and solar installations. The committees which were responsible for the revision and publication of various standards during 2013-14 are outlined in Appendix 3.4.

3.7 Electrical Installation Work Indicators

Table 3.7.1: OTR Installation work indicators Indicator 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Electrical fatalities Public 0 0 1 0 Industries 1 1 1 1 Educational and information presentations 170 106 110 72 Random audits of contractors and workers 537 514 468 588 Audits/investigations arising from complaints 547 702 566 463 Expiation notices issued 40 21 24 10 Prosecutions launched 3 0 0 0 Prosecutions completed 1 0 0 0 Shock reports and minor incidents 857 883 891 896 Shocks due to voltage/current displacement 342 329 369 426 Major incidents 1 3 4 5 Phone calls processed 16,742 19,354 19,764 20,400

Table 3.7.2: Installations connected or reconnected to the SA Power Networks distribution system SA Power Networks Installation 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Connections Total connections 49,987 78,402 49,059 43,073 Domestic 13,085 9,732 7,917 9,316 New supply connections Non-domestic 339 1,644 1,397 1,370 Reconnections to SA Power Networks after alterations to supply

Other Domestic 4,920 4,631 4,226 3,926

Import/Export Domestic 28,095 57,911 31,321 23,491 Other Non-domestic 219 969 976 1,007

Import/Export Non-domestic 85 756 388 644

The Technical Regulator conducts random audits of SA Power Networks’ new connections, and also responds to requests for advice on sites where supply has not been connected due to unsafe/non-compliant work by electrical contractors or workers.

26 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 4: Electrical Products

The Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 is administered by the Technical Regulator. The Act requires that proclaimed classes of electrical products must comply with specified safety Standards and be labelled to show compliance before sale (see Appendix 5.1)

Consumers Electrical Installation Other Australasian jurisdictions have similar legislation. The Technical Regulator works with other Australasian Regulators and Standards Committees to ensure a nationally consistent electrical product safety regulatory regime.

Toasters & Kettles Refrigerators Clothes Drier Consumer Socket Switchboard wiring to outlets Washing Machine socket outlets TV & Video Consumers mains Power boards

Typical Household Electrical Products

Figure 4-1: Boundary of installations from products

An electrical product is any device that needs to be connected to the household electricity supply. This includes such items as white goods, power tools, portable household products, power boards, air conditioners and hot water services. Electrical products are manufactured locally or interstate or imported from overseas. It is estimated that the typical household has up to 50 electrical products.

The Technical Regulator investigates reports of breaches of the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000. This can result in the issue of stop sale notices, public warning statements, expiation notices or prosecution.

27 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

4.1 Role of the Technical Regulator The Technical Regulator, in accordance with the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 grants electrical products safety labelling certificates, performance registration certificates, efficiency labelling certificates and electrical product suitability safety certificates to applicants. The certificates are required to label or register electrical products to indicate their compliance with applicable standards or suitability to connect to an electricity transmission or distribution network before sale. The Technical Regulator also follows up these products after sale, through field audits and product investigations, based on reported failures.

The Technical Regulator is represented on national regulatory and standards committees, the aim of which is to ensure that regulators act in a coordinated manner throughout Australia, and that the safety standards impose a common, acceptable level of safety. These committees are listed in Appendix 3.4.

The Technical Regulator also provides technical advice to manufacturers and importers, the electrical industry, government agencies and emergency services.

The Technical Regulator also has power under the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000 to prohibit the sale or use of unsafe energy products (including recall or repair) and issue public warning statements about unsafe energy products.

4.2 Product Safety 4.2.1 Product Approval There are 56 classes of products proclaimed under the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000, which must comply with specified safety Standards. This list has evolved over time, and typically includes the household products that, in the past, have been involved in numerous fire and/or electric shock incidents and therefore represent a ‘high risk’ category. These products, which are covered by similar legislation in all Australian States, require pre- market approval and must carry an approval label to indicate their compliance with safety Standards before they can be sold. Appendix 5.1 lists these proclaimed products.

4.2.2 Product Approval Safety Process In South Australia, the current approvals process requires manufacturers or importers to submit samples of proclaimed products for testing to accredited laboratories to ensure their compliance with the applicable Australian/New Zealand safety and technical Standards. These Standards set down the basic requirements that the products must meet to be considered electrically safe. Typically, these requirements include levels of protection to guard against such things as unsafe construction, access to live parts, overheating from normal or abnormal operation and fire propagation.

Testing must be carried out in accordance with the relevant Standards by appropriate test laboratory facilities in Australia or overseas. In Australia, this means a testing facility that has National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accreditation. Evidence of compliance can then be submitted to the Technical Regulator or a private certifier, who will verify compliance and then issue a certificate. This certificate is generally valid for five years. When offered for sale, the product must carry the allocated approval marking. If issued by a State regulator or private certifier, the marking contains a letter identifying the State or certifier who approved it, followed by its allocated number (e.g. Victoria – V/xxxxx, South Australia – S/xxx), private certifier marking (alpha numeral), or if AS/NZS 4417 (marking of electrical products to indicate compliance with regulations) is complied with, the Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) symbol as defined in that Standard as shown in Fig 4.2.

Figure 4-2: Regulatory Compliance Mark

28 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 4-3: Example of approval labelling for an OTR (S marking) approved product

Figure 4-4: Example of the RCM approval labelling symbol for an approved product

Figure 4-5: Example of approval labelling for a private certifier approved product

Each state in Australia recognises approvals issued by the other State authorities and product certifiers. There are also alternative private certifying bodies which have been recognised interstate, resulting in approval labelling other than that issued by a State regulator, with a consequent reduction in the number of products being approved by State authorities. The nature of the retail products industry is such that competitors quickly identify any unapproved items on sale and report them to the Technical Regulator, who is able to take immediate action for breaches of the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000.

Figure 4.11 at the end of this section provides detailed statistics on the number of products submitted to the Technical Regulator for approval since 2008-09.

4.2.3 Risks due to faulty or misused Products The risks associated with electrical products that have failed because of their design, or manufacture, or misuse by the consumer include:

29 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

 personal injury (shocks)  electrocution (fatalities)  property damage (fires)

Manufacturers, importers and retailers also assume liability through the sale of electrical products for:  costs of recalls, replacement or repair of products  costs of compensation claims  loss of, or damage to, the organisation’s reputation

Hazardous Products Typical hazards found in faulty electrical products include:  a breakdown of insulation due to overheating or mechanical damage, which may expose the consumer to the risk of electrical shock  mechanical failure, which may cause personal injury to the user  overheating of the product, which may result in fire or ignition of its surroundings, exposing consumers to the risk of injury or property damage

Figure 4-6: Example of an electrical product failure. This photo illustrates the consequences of a faulty capacitor within a refrigerator and resultant fire damage.

30 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 4-7: Example of an electrical product failure. This photo illustrates the consequences of a thermostat failing within the iron, resulting in severe overheating.

Consumer Misuse Products may also fail because of misuse by the consumer. Typical examples of this are:  incorrect securing of electric blankets resulting in folds that lead to overheating and fire  unsafe placement of radiators and fan heaters adjacent to furniture and materials, resulting in fires  continued use of electrical products with damaged bodies and cords, resulting in electrical shocks  not having products checked after being subjected to an impact or falling from a height

Figure 4-8: An example of a plug top that had been subject to mechanical damage, resulting in a child receiving an electric shock from exposed live parts

31 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

In many cases, products are either incorrectly installed or operated by consumers who do not follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions. A typical example of inappropriate usage is illustrated in Figure 4-8 above. A child received an electric shock from a plug that had been damaged.

The Technical Regulator alerts consumers and electricians to such risks through public warnings, the continuous development of information brochures, Regulation Roundup and education programs.

4.2.4 Product Failures and Corrective Actions The Technical Regulator monitors failures of electrical products. If necessary, action can be taken under the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 to remove any hazardous products from the market place. Depending on the severity of the failure, there are a number of options available to the Technical Regulator when assessing what action should be taken for specific situations including:

 Issuing an Incident Report – when the failure of a product has not directly resulted in a safety hazard. The report is circulated to all regulatory authorities throughout Australia and New Zealand for information and monitoring.  Issuing a Hazard Alert – when the failure of a product has resulted in an immediate safety problem such as a reported electric shock. The notice is immediately circulated to all regulatory authorities including both state and federal consumer affairs authorities for information, and followed up by action with the trader as considered necessary.  Issuing a Stop Sale – generally issued in conjunction with a Hazard Alert. The notice is circulated to all regulatory authorities including both state and federal consumer affairs authorities for information and is followed up by action with the trader.  Issuing a Recall – when a product already on the market has been identified as a safety hazard. This may warrant the issue of a recall notice and result in a national public product recall conducted in accordance with ACCC guidelines.

4.2.5 Recall Notices In 2013-14, various electrical products were recalled throughout Australia. These recall notices included the following:  TPS 2.5mm 2c+e Flat Cable – Infinity Cable Co Pty Ltd recalled model FT3025 with batch numbers: INFMEL081112, INFH210912 and Olsent-branded Infinity cable INFH190311 due to the potential for this product to cause serious electric shock. Product sold at Masters Home Improvement from April 2012 to August 2013.  Bizline Screw Connector – Rexel Electrical Supplies recalled Part no. SCD050, BIZ390051, SCS100, BIZ390050 and Batch no. DT32503, DT64104, DT08807, DT32503, DT64104, DT08807. If the defect occurs, the product may pose an electrocution and/or fire hazard. Product sold through John R Turk, Rexel Electrical Supplies, Ideal Electrical Supplies, Lear & Smith and electrical industrial wholesalers between 1st March 2013 to 22nd March 2013.  Dishlex DX303 Dishwashers (previously repaired under PRA 2007/9689) – Electrolux Home Products Pty Ltd recalled models Dishlex DX303SK and DX303WK with green “INSPECTED” labels adjacent to the rating plate and with serial numbers in the range 70700000 to 72400000. This product may pose a fire hazard. Product sold nationally.  USB Wall Charger – Powerpod International Pty Ltd recalled product marked 1X91029Y459T due to risk if charger short circuits it may pose a fire and/or electrocution hazard. In addition, if the charger short circuits it will emit noxious fumes and may cause the charger and cord to be blackened. Product sold by Powerpod International Pty Ltd via vending machines between 9th August 2013 to 19th August 2013.

32 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

 Dishwasher (DW60CC & DW60CE) – Fisher & Paykel Appliances Pty Ltd recalled product as defect may result in consumer receiving an electric shock. Product sold through white goods retail outlets nationwide between 1st October 2011 to 1st September 2013.  Abode 1.5 Litre Stainless Steel Blender – BIG W recalled product marked HL-2080A, SGSEA/120723, 8294269 (Silver), 8322574 (Red) due to risk if defect occurs, broken blade pieces may become mixed with food or drinks, posing an ingestion and / or choking hazard. Product sold nationally through Big W stores between 14th November 2012 to 29th August 2013.  Dux SunPro MP15 & Ecosmart Intelligent Hybrid Solar Gas Boosted Water Heaters – Dux Manufacturing Ltd recalled product part numbers DN15DS, DL15DS, DN15CS, 3D1NE, EN15DS, EL15DS. This number can be found on the product identification label attached to the top of the water storage tank. If the defect occurs, a leak can create a potential risk of fire or explosion. Product sold through Reece, Tradelink, Swan Plumbing, Origin Energy, Bunnings, Bowens, Bentons, East Coast, Hardings, Harris Group, Insolar between 1st January 2011 to 23rd August 2013.  La Cucina Capsule Coffee Machine – BIG W recalled product marked CXY-CO01, CXY-CO01B due to risk if defect occurs, users may receive an electric shock during use. Product sold nationally through Big W stores between 15th September 2012 to 19th September 2013.  Lumina Electric Blanket – ALDI recalled product marked ‘Single: Product Number: 8311 | Model Number: EB91SB’, ‘Queen: Product Number: 7177 | Model Number: EB193QB’ & ‘King: Product Number: 7259 | Model Number: EB203KB’ due to risk of fire or electric shock. Product sold through ALDI stores between 1st April 2010 to 30th April 2010 and between 1st April 2012 to 30th April 2012.  Assorted Powerboards and Double Adaptor – Kmart recalled 6 outlet powerboard, 4 outlet powerboard with USB, 6 outlet entertainment powerboard & vertical double adaptor with model numbers UCA433C-3, UCA431C-3, UCA424C-1 & UCA311A-1 as products may pose an electrical safety risk to consumers. Products sold through Kmart stores between 1st July 2013 to 30th October 2013.  Power charger for the HP Chromebook 11 Computer – Google Inc recalled charger as it may overheat or melt; the risk is potential dermal injury and damage to materials from contact with an overheated charger. There may also be a potential fire risk, although no fire has been reported. Product sold though JB Hi-Fi stores.  LED Recessed Emergency Light-Nikko Pancake, Lifeguard 1 & Lifeguard 2 – MPower Products Pty Ltd – recalled products marked NIK-PANCAKE-EXE, BEL-LG1, BEL-LG2 due to risk (if defect present) of contact with exposed input terminals, whilst the product is connected to power and subsequent electric shock. Products sold through Lawrence & Hanson Group - L&H, Auslec, MMEM Group - AWM, TLE, Haymans, D&W, Rexel Group, Gemcell Electrical Group between 14th May 2013 to 15th November 2013.  Travel Power Adaptor – Australia Post recalled product marked with Product code – 61037 & Barcode – 9312650610371 due to being non-compliant with the Australian electrical safety requirements and may be hazardous to consumers. Product sold through Australia Post between 1st October 2013 to 3rd December 2013.  SMILA wall mounted lamp – IKEA Pty Ltd recalled product identified SMILA BAGGE wll lmp green AU 300-728-68, SMILA BLOMMA wll lmp light pink AU 000-979-45, SMILA HJÄRTA N wll lmp AU 702-145-78, SMILA MÅNE wll lmp 31x22 yellow AU 600-108-45, SMILA STJÄRNA wll lmp 28 blue AU 100-108-81. Risk that loose lamp cords can present a strangulation hazard to infants and young children. IKEA has received a report of a tragic accident where an infant in a cot died after becoming entangled in the cord of a SMILA wall mounted lamp. Product sold through IKEA stores between 1st April 1999 to 11th December 2013.

33 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

 NetComm Model NP204 200Mbps Powerline Adapter With AC Pass-through - NetComm Wireless Limited recalled adaptor model NP204, white in colour and the affected batch has serial numbers ranging from 1502131800001 to 1502131801329. Risk in some circumstances the fault could result in electric shock. Product sold through various distributors/resellers (no product supplied through FOXTEL is affected) between 14th June 2013 - 13th December 2013.  NetComm Model NP504 500Mbps Powerline Adapter With AC Pass-through - NetComm Wireless Limited recalled adapter model NP504, white in colour and the affected batch has serial numbers ranging from 0518125000001 to 0518125001000. Risk in some circumstances the fault could result in electric shock. Product sold through various distributors (no product supplied through FOXTEL is affected) between 14th January 2013 to 13th December 2013.  Powerboard (6 Outlets with Surge Protection) - The Reject Shop Ltd recalled product marked Model No: PB-06SP, Enerv8 due to risk of fire or electric shock. Product sold through The Reject Shop between 25th August 2013 to 20th December 2013.  Glanz Mini Pioneer 43 Studio Lighting Kit - Digital Camera Warehouse recalled product marked Mini Pioneer 43, 160WS due to risk of electric shock if a consumer comes into contact with the exposed live parts. Product sold through Digital Camera Warehouse.  B-Well Steam Steriliser - Medela Australia recalled product which can be identified by either the model number or the article number. Models affected: 200.3377 or 200.3378. Article numbers affected: 008.0100, 008.0101, 008.0102, 008.0103, 008.104, 008.0121 and 008.0287. Risk of burn injuries, fire or electric shock. Product sold through Medela Australia between 1st May 2012 to 31st December 2013.  HDi-310ltr Heat Pump - Rheem Australia Pty Ltd recalled product due to risk (If the defect occurs) pressure may build in the compressor to a level that could cause the compressor to rupture. An injury could occur to anyone in the immediate vicinity of the compressor at that time. Product sold through Tradelink, Reece, Harvey Norman and plumbers between 3rd December 2013 to 28th January 2014.  Saber Generator - Total Tools recalled Saber 7.5kVA / 7500W Generator marked Part # SGEN7500ECO due to risk if fault occurs in the unit or equipment there is a possibility of electric shock. Product sold through 37 Total Tools franchised stores nationwide.  Detroit Generator(s) – total Tools recalled generators 7.5KVA 15HP Recoil Start Generator (Part # YW8000HECO) & 3.1KVA 2500W 6.5HP Recoil Start Generator (Part # DFD3000HS2). Risk if a fault occurs in the unit or equipment the MEN, which is bonded to the frame, can cause the frame to become live with electrical current possibly causing an electric shock. Product sold through 37 Total Tools franchised stores nationwide.  The Boss 2KVA Inverter Generator - 4WD & Outdoor Supacentre Pty Ltd recalled product marked YF 2000i due to risk incorrect use may result in injury or death. Product sold nationally through 4wd & Outddoor Supacentre Pty Ltd & Express Publications Pty Limited.  Amp-Fibian Circuit Breaker / Residual Current Device (RCBO) - Amp-Fibian Pty Ltd recalled product marked RV-02MAX as defect may lead to a fire hazard and, if the insulation deteriorates, an electrical shock hazard. Product sold through Xtreme RV between 20th December 2013 to 6th February 2014.  DC Solar Isolator Switches - NHP Electrical Engineering Product Pty Ltd recalled NHP DC Solar Isolator Switches with date codes from x0113 to x3813 (x can be any number between 1 & 5) due to risk of electric shock to the electrical contractor during maintenance and installation. Product sold electrical wholesalers, as well as direct sales from NHP sales offices between 11th July 2013 to 11th February 2014.

34 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

 Haestrom LED T8 LED Light Tube - Haestrom LED Lighting Pty Ltd recalled followin products Haestrom LED T8 10W (T8102800 / T8103000 / T8104000 / T8104400 / T8105500), Haestrom LED T8 18W (T8182800 / T8183000 / T8184000 / T8184400 /T8185500), Haestrom LED T8 25W (T8252800 / T8253000 / T8254000 / T8254400 / T8255500) & Haestrom LED T8 30W (T8302800 / T8303000 / T8304000 / T8304400 / T8305500). Risk of electrical shock when contact is made with the aluminium heat sink, which runs the length of the tube behind the plastic lens covering. This defect is only evident when the T8 tube is operating. Product sold nationally through Haestrom LED Lighting Pty Ltd  Clipsal 413 Surface Socket - Schneider Electric (Australia) Pty Limited recalled product marked Cat No-413-WE, Batch Code- 201348, PR413-WE,MP413-WE. If the Active and the Earth wires are terminated to match the colours, there is a risk of electric shock if the surface socket is used with a class 1 (earthed) appliance. Product sold nationally through electrical wholesalers between 9th January 2014 to 21st February 2014.  "PVPower" Branded DC Isolator - DKSH Australia Pty Ltd recalled product marked " PVPower" part number : XPDCISO1000V32A due to risk that the DC Isolator may overheat and, in some cases, cause fire. Product sold through electrical wholesalers or direct to solar contractors and installers between 1st August 2012 to 30th August 2013.  Smiggle Loopz Fan - Smiggle Pty Ltd recalled product sold nationally at Smiggle stores and online at smiggle.com.au from 9 October 2013 to 13 January 2014, $19.95 each, #442678. Risk of product overheating which could cause batteries to leak electrolyte, which is toxic and may cause burns.  Dyson Hot and Dyson Hot+Cool (AM04 and AM05) heater - Dyson Appliances (Aust) Pty Ltd recalled product marked Model AM04 and AM 05. The model number and serial number will be found on a label on the base of the machine. Risk if the fan/heater short circuits this may present a potential fire hazard. Product sold nationally through Dyson Appliances (Aust) Pty Ltd between 1st March 2012 to 17th March 2014.  Target Essentials Fan Heater - Target Australia Pty Ltd recalled product marked Model: TESFH108T, keycode: 5301 4139 due to risk of fire. Product sold nationally through Target and Target Country between 1st March 2013 to 15th November 2013.  Sunbeam Café Espresso II (EM 3820) Coffee machine – Sunbeam recalled product marked Model number EM 3820, Date of manufacure codes: 033,103.113,153,293,323 due to risk of electric shock. Product sold nationally through Myer, Harvey Norman, Harris Scarf, David Jones, Bing Lee, Betta Electrical, Retravision and other smaller retailers between 1st March 2013 to 28th February 2014.  MSPA Lite Silver Cloud Outdoor Inflatable Spa - Bunnings Group Limited recalled MSPA Brand 700L circular inflatable outdoor spa with 240 V control box, 1500w heater and 600w air blower marked with Bunnings Item Number: 3220065, Model Number: B-110 & Approval Number: SAA121806EA. If defect occurs, risk of electric shock. Product sold through Bunnings stores nationwide between 2nd September 2013 to 21st February 2014.  Grundig 23.6" LED LCD Television - Bush Australia recalled product marked G2412FLEDV where serial number range is between U0007780001 and U0007780800 due to risk that liquid may seep out of the back plastic cover; droplets are highly acidic and may result in burns to skin, respiratory issues, or eye damage. Product sold nationally through Harvey Normans.  449 Series Self-Diagnostic Photoelectric Smoke Detector - UTC Fire & Security Australia Pty Ltd t/as Interlogix recalled product that only affects certain model numbers manufactured between March 25th, 2013 and February 28th, 2014, which will have date codes between 13084 and 14059. Model numbers are: 449C, 449CSTN-AA, 449CTE, 449CRT, 449CST, 449CT. Risk Smoke Detector may not

35 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

serve its purpose of alerting users in case of fire, which can contribute to further damage to people or property. Product sold nationally through Direct Alarm Supplies (DAS) & Alarmcorp between 25th March 2013 to 28th February 2014.  Avanco Brand DC Isolators - Advancetech Pty Ltd recalled product marked AV/DC4P25A, AV/DC2P25A, AV/DC4P25AUB, AV/DC2P625AU, AV/DC2P25AU, AV/DC2/2P25AU, AV/DC22P125AU, AV/DC4P25AU, AV/DC4P25AUS, and AV/DC4P25AUT. Risk that DC isolator may overheat and cause fire. Product sold by Advancetech via electrical wholesalers. The units were sold nationally between 1st January 2012 to 24th February 2014.  Kuchef Thermo Cook – ALDI recalled product marked Item Code (PLU): 44277 & Model Number: EC-TC-01 due to risk of burns from splashing hot food when used. Product sold nationally through ALDI stores between 18th December 2013 to 18th January 2014.  PV Array Rotary DC Isolator - Uniquip Industries recalled product marked GEN3DC- 25, GEN3DC-32, SPMDCISO25 and SPMDCISO32. There is a risk that the DC isolator may overheat and catch fire. Product sold through Electrical Wholesalers or direct to solar contractors / installers between 20th December 2012 to 1st March 2014. A full list of products, including electrical products recalled in Australia is available at www.recalls.gov.au.

4.2.6 Stop Sales The Technical Regulator can issue stop sale notices to traders in South Australia as the situation warrants.

An example of a situation requiring the seller to “Stop Sale” is when the product is proclaimed under the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000, but is not marked with any approval labelling indicating that it is formally approved for electrical safety.

4.2.7 Mutual Recognition Under a Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) between two or more jurisdictions, one jurisdiction is able to recognise a product approval by another.

Apart from the ‘corresponding laws’ recognised under the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000, several mutual recognition schemes affect the Technical Regulator’s operations and those of other State Regulators.

Australian Mutual Recognition The Mutual Recognition (SA) Act 1993 and the Mutual Recognition Act 1992 (Commonwealth) provide that, in principle, a product made in or imported into a State that can be lawfully sold in that State, may be lawfully sold in any other State. A label is required showing the place of manufacture or importation to enable a defence of mutual recognition to be established.

TTMRA (Trans Tasman Mutual Recognition) The Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition (SA) Act 1999 and the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997 (Commonwealth) provide that, in principle, products made in or imported into New Zealand that may be lawfully sold in New Zealand, may also be lawfully sold in Australia. A label on the product is required showing the place of manufacture or importation to enable a defence of mutual recognition to be established.

The TTMRA has resulted in some products either manufactured in or imported into New Zealand being offered for sale in Australia without any identifiable approval marking as New Zealand law does not require such labelling.

36 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

EUMRA (European Economic Union MRA) There is a mutual recognition agreement between Australia and the European Economic Union stating that a product that has been tested in a recognised laboratory with mutual accreditation in one jurisdiction will be accepted as having been tested in a recognised laboratory with mutual accreditation in the other jurisdiction.

Singapore MRA The Singapore MRA, signed in 2001, is based on conformity assessment by relevant government bodies in the two countries. Essentially, the importing country accepts the assessment of product conformity to its requirements undertaken by conformity assessment bodies in the exporting country.

4.3 Product Energy Efficiency Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) registrations are now regulated by the Australian Government’s Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (GEMS) legislation which is administered by the Department for Industry. The energy efficiency requirements of the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 are still applicable but in general terms have become redundant.

4.4 Performance Indicators 4.4.1 Product Enquiries In 2013-14, the Technical Regulator received enquiries about products from a total of 871 people; 40 visited in person and 831 made contact by telephone, fax, or email. Electrical product safety accounted for 801 enquiries and 30 enquiries related to the energy efficiency of domestic products.

It is noted that with the introduction of private certifiers, enquiries relating to safety approval of electrical products has decreased, but has stabilised since 2008/09. Since the introduction of the Australian Government’s Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (GEMS) legislation, there has been a significant fall in the number of enquiries relating to product energy efficiency.

Figure 4-10: Product Enquiries since 2009-10

4.4.2 Approval Figures for 2013-14 In this reporting period, a total of 77 products were submitted to the Technical Regulator for safety approval. Energy Labelling and MEPS registrations are now regulated by the Australian Government’s Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (GEMS) legislation

37 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

which is administered by the Department for Industry. The Technical Regulator has continued to provide South Australian industry with an efficient and timely service, supporting its endeavours in both local and overseas markets.

Figure 4-11: Products submitted for approval/registration since 2008-09

4.4.3 Actions on Products for 2013-14 An investigation is required when either product safety or energy efficiency labelling concerns are reported. Thirty investigations into the safety of products and several investigations into the energy efficiency labelling of domestic products were carried out during this financial year.

During the year, the Technical Regulator recorded 129 incident reports, 7 hazard alerts, and acted on 38 recall notices. A recall notice that appeared in the local press this year is shown below as Figure 4-12.

38 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 4-12: Example of an Electrical Safety Recall Notice issued by a distributor

Figure 4-13 below illustrates how over the last five years a significant number of reports of failures of electrical products have continued to be recorded. As a consequence, there has been a continuing rise in the number of electrical product recalls throughout Australia. For this reporting period there has been a significant increase in the number of electrical products that have required recall action. Regulators remain concerned about the lack of suitable quality control procedures by some overseas manufacturers together with the probability of misuse by consumers.

39 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Product Failures

160 140 120 Recalls 100 Stop Sales 80 Hazard Alerts 60 Incidents 40 Investigations 20 0 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14

Figure 4-13: Recorded actions on products since 2008-09

The Technical Regulator continues to distribute brochures and media releases aimed to promote the safe use of electrical products and to monitor quality control through check testing programs.

4.4.4 Industry Communication There are about 140 South Australian businesses (including manufacturers, importers and retailers) that submit electrical products to the Technical Regulator for approval. The Technical Regulator distributes newsletters and circulars to these businesses to keep them informed on changes to the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 and Australian Standards as necessary.

40 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 5: Consumer Safety Awareness

5.1 Consumer Education Keeping consumers well informed about electrical safety ensures that electricity is afforded appropriate respect, thereby minimising the occurrence of electrocution and property damage.

5.1.1 Increasing Consumer Awareness The Technical Regulator maintains and continually updates electrical safety literature, which is made available to the public. This information is also readily accessible through the Technical Regulator’s website located in the energy section of www.sa.gov.au/otr. Where appropriate in the first instance, clients are directed to the website to download copies of brochures. In 2013-14, 2,787 printed brochures were given out to electrical entities, local councils and members of the general public. OTR will be printing new versions of the existing brochures in 2014-15 with updated information due to migration to the Department of the State Development (DSD). A new brochure called Scaffolding Safely near Overhead Powerlines is currently being developed.

In 2013-14, the following brochures were reviewed to enhance their image and communication of information to the general public:  Building Safely near Powerlines  Working Safely near Overhead Powerlines  Working Safely near Underground Assets  Trees and Powerlines

5.1.2 Continuous Safety Promotion The Technical Regulator’s ongoing promotion of electricity safety continued in 2013-14, through the “Be Energy Safe” campaign. The promotion comprises advertisements in print and other media. The promotion is designed to run in support of specific campaigns, warnings and recalls issued by the Technical Regulator.

The objectives of the continuous safety promotion are:  to raise the public’s awareness of electrical safety issues  to influence the general public to take positive action in relation to electrical safety  to promote knowledge of the Technical Regulator as a service provider on electrical safety matters

5.1.3 Technical Regulator Website Online content for the Office of the Technical Regulator (OTR) has two main addresses: www.sa.gov.au/otr for technical information and www.sa.gov.au/energysafe for consumer safety information. The OTR web content is regularly updated as technical regulation and safety issues change or occur.

In early 2013, the technical regulation of plumbing was transferred from SA Water to the OTR. As a result, all electrical, gas and plumbing safety and technical regulation information on the sa.gov.au website was moved from the Energy section to its own more prominent section under the Water, Environment and Energy area.

In 2013-14, there were more than 23,500 visitors to the OTR web content, of which 58% were new visitors. The number of pages visited reached 93,796.

On average, users of OTR content looked at three pages per visit and spent more than three minutes engaging with the content. In comparison, the average for the entire www.sa.gov.au site is two-and-a-half minutes)

41 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Figure 5-1: Google statistics for the OTR website

The top five OTR – Electricity pages visited for 2013-14 were:  Electrical acts, regulations and standards  Electrical certificates of compliance – information for electricians  Testing and verification of electrical installations  Building safely near powerlines  Working safely near powerlines.

The ongoing Be Energy Safe campaign promotes safe and responsible use of electrical and gas equipment. The key communication objectives include:  when to test a safety switch  how to check if an electrician is licensed  remembering to get a certificate of compliance for electrical work  being safe around power lines.

Paid advertising on Google as part of the Be Energy Safe campaign in 2013-14 generated 2,558 interactions with linked content on the OTR pages, of which 69% were by new visitors. The most frequently accessed campaign messages were:  safety switches (1,183 visits)  working safely near overhead powerlines (128 visits)  identifying powerlines (112 visits)  licensed electricians and certificates of compliance (64 visits).

A suite of online advertisements was developed to promote the safety messages throughout the sa.gov.au website, with some examples shown in figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2: Web ads promoting key safety messages

42 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

The public responses to these promoted topics are reflected in the annual Electrical Safety Survey (see section 5.2).

Figure 5-3 below shows the landing page for the Technical Regulator’s electrical, gas and plumbing safety and technical regulation information on sa.gov.au website.

Figure 5-3: The Technical Regulator’s landing page

43 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

5.2 Electrical Safety Survey Since 1999, an annual telephone survey on household electrical safety issues has been conducted by the Technical Regulator. The aim of the survey is to determine South Australian consumers’ knowledge of electrical safety and the effectiveness of the Technical Regulator’s electrical education campaigns and legislative functions. The results of the survey assist in identifying areas in which the Technical Regulator’s resources can be most effectively focussed. In July 2014, McGregor Tan Research was commissioned to conduct the Consumer Safety Survey.

5.2.1 Objectives The general objectives of the survey were:  to identify any electrical safety issues or problems that the general public in South Australia may have experienced in the past 12 months  to discover what the public knows about key safety topics  to find out how aware the public is of the Technical Regulator’s advertising campaigns  to discover if the regulatory regimes are working as intended

The questions covered the following topics and aimed to determine:

 Electrical products – if in the last 12 months the household has encountered problems with the electricity inside the home or property including wiring and products e.g. faulty, shocks, fires?  Using a licensed electrician – are consumers aware of the legal requirements for a licensed electrician?

 Certificates of compliance – do consumers know that they should be issued with an electrical certificate of compliance for any electrical work?  Safety switches – do consumers understand the functions of a safety switch, its use and testing requirements?  Safety advice – the most common referral points for those requiring information about electrical safety.  Downlight safety – to check the awareness of the public of the potential dangers associated with installed downlights.  Building near powerlines – if the public is aware of the legislated requirement for developing structures near powerlines?  Reporting electrical shocks – does the public know that there is a need to report an electric shock?  Solar system – to check whether installed solar systems are working properly and if repaired or serviced which part of the system?  Others – The effectiveness of the OTR’s advertising campaign and the OTR website.

5.2.2 Sample A random sample of 400 households was surveyed by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) process. This comprised of 300 households in metropolitan Adelaide and 100 households in regional South Australia.

5.2.3 Main Findings Incidence of Electrical Wiring or Product Problems A relatively small proportion (14%) indicated that, in the last twelve months they had experienced problems with the electrical wiring or electrical products in their household.

44 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Electricians Almost all (99%) of respondents indicated that an electrician needs to be licensed to carry out electrical work in their home, to undertake the following tasks:

 Rewiring house (99%)  Checking the wiring in the house (96%)  Installing power points (96%)  Installing light switches (93%)  Installing ceiling lights (94%)  Repairing a plug-in product (60%)

Fifty-six percent of the respondents knew to check the licence of the electrician, but nearly one quarter (22%) did not know how to check if the electrician is licensed.

Electrical work A small percentage (ten percent of the interviewed persons) attempted electrical work on small jobs. More than one third (44%) indicated they were licensed to carry out this work. Of those who were not licensed but undertaken their own electrical work the main reason given were, it was only a small job (39%), electricians are too expensive (22%) and had previous experience in the job (22%). The majority of these respondents understood the safety risks of doing their own electrical work. 78% of these participants were also aware of the legal requirement to have electrical work done by a licenced electrician.

Electrical Certificate of Compliance Seventy-three percent of the respondents knew they should receive an electrical certificate of compliance for any electrical work done. However, only 25% actually remembered being offered or receiving the certificate for any work that had been recently conducted. Almost one third of respondents were unaware of the requirement for the certificate of compliance.

Safety of Finished Electrical Work The overwhelming majority (96%) of respondents were happy with the safety of the finished electrical job.

Safety Switches The vast majority (94%) indicated that their home had a safety switch connected. High proportions (96%) of the people surveyed understood the function of a safety switch. Almost Two thirds of households (64%) did not know how often the safety switch should be tested. Just over one third (36%) of the householders tested their safety switch, within a period of between six months to a year. Those who did not test their safety switch were predominantly ignorant of this requirement.

Fifty-seven percent indicated that a portable safety switch should be used in conjunction with electric gardening and other power tools.

Advice about Electrical Safety Twenty-five percent of survey participants sought electrical safety advice from their electrician. An increasing number (42%) obtained their advice through the internet. Some (9%) would ask their electricity provider or retailer for advice. Those respondents who use internet to obtain their advice mostly use Google (28%) followed by Government websites.

Dangers Associated with installed Down Lights Almost three quarters (75%) believe there are dangers associated with installed down lights. Roof insulation catching fire (51%) and overheating (45%) were identified as main dangers. More than one in ten (11%) did not know of any dangers associated with installed down lights.

Legislated Safe Clearance Distance Nearly two thirds of the respondents (62%) were aware of legislated safe clearance distances for building and structures from powerlines.

45 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Reporting an Electric Shock One third (34%) of respondents were aware that an electric shock needs to be reported when it occurs.

Solar System Two in five respondents (40%) indicated that they have an electric solar system installed. Of this group 22% have had their solar system serviced and 13% have had it repaired. Responders who have had their solar system repaired named the inverter (60%) as the main problem encountered and over two thirds (65%) of this group stated that it was repaired within the last twelve months.

Purchasing Products Online A very small proportion (4%) of respondents had purchased products online, mainly from an Australian seller. All (100%) of respondents who had purchased items online have not had any problems with the products.

Advertising Campaign Almost one in ten (9%) of total respondents recalled seeing or hearing advertising about electrical safety issues. Over two thirds of them (77%) identified television as the main source of advertising.

The Technical Regulator’s website was launched in February 2011. All responders who recalled seeing or hearing advertising did not visit the website.

5.2.4 Future Promotional Opportunities The survey findings were generally positive and with high level of awareness of electrical safety, Future promotional activities for the Technical Regulator, including those suggested by the survey are:  continued education of the community as to what the function of a safety switch is and the correct method of testing it;  increased awareness of the use of an Residual Current Device (RCD) with outdoor electrical power tools;  increased education on Electrical Certificate of Compliance (ECC) and promotion of the importance of receiving an ECC on completion of electrical work;  continued education of the community on the importance of building clearances and working safely near powerlines;  continued education of the community on the importance of using a licensed electrical contractor to perform electrical work;  increase awareness that all electric shocks need to be reported; and  further promoting the availability of the Technical Regulator and the website as sources of information on electrical safety

46 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Section 6: Regulatory Coordination

The Technical Regulator is responsible for the administration of the safety and technical provisions of the Electricity Act 1996 and Regulations. The Electricity Act 1996 also establishes the functions of the Essential Services Commission of South Australia (ESCOSA) with respect to the electricity industry.

6.1 Electrical Technical Advisory Committee (ETAC) In accordance with Section 14B of the Electricity Act 1996, the Technical Regulator has established the Electrical Technical Advisory Committee (ETAC). The Committee includes representatives from the electricity entities, contractor and employee associations and local government. The committee members for the year were:

Rob Faunt Technical Regulator (Chair) James Corbett Office of the Technical Regulator Peter Morris Office of the Technical Regulator Grant Cox SA Power Networks Bill Jackson ElectraNet SA Tri Tran AGL Torrens Island Larry Moore National Electrical and Communications Association Bob Donnelly Communications Electrical Plumbing Union Sam Cottell Consumer and Business Services Shane O’Loughlin Australian Services Union Jennifer Gater Electrical Energy Society of Australia

The role of this Committee is to provide advice to the Technical Regulator, either on its own initiative or at the request of the Technical Regulator, on any matters relating to the functions of the Technical Regulator. The Technical Regulator keeps the committee abreast of the activities and the strategic direction of the Technical Regulator to assist the committee with its deliberations. This year the Committee has assisted the Technical Regulator in a review of the regulations to ensure their effective operation.

6.2 Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council (ERAC) National uniformity and consistency is extremely important to electricity utility operators, manufacturers, electrical workers, contractors and consumers. The Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council (ERAC) has representatives from all Australian States and Territories and New Zealand. It formally meets twice per year to address regulatory matters related to key technical and worker licensing issues facing the electrical industry and to develop national strategies to address these issues in a consistent manner.

Meetings are divided into five sessions, each with their own chairperson, covering general matters, electrical installations and inspection, electrical equipment safety, electrical licensing and electricity supply (network infrastructure).

The South Australian Technical Regulator is presently chairing the electrical installations and inspection session. There has been a focus placed on the regulation of new technologies such as solar panel installations.

ERAC works closely with Standards Australia with a view to maintaining and developing national standards which in turn become State-based requirements when they are called up by legislation. The Technical Regulator, as a member of ERAC, actively participates in Standards development issues arising from ERAC meetings. The Technical Regulator also participates in a number of ERAC working groups to ensure that national developments take account of South Australian issues.

47 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Uniform Standards are beneficial in that they provide for movement of workers between regions and enable the development of standards based on the experience of a wider group. The national standards development process also supports the ongoing review and improvement of safety Standards in a transparent manner. ERAC has been active in setting the agenda for the progressive review and implementation of network safety Standards.

ERAC has been particularly keen to support the timely development of Standards which deal with matters that have a direct impact on the interface between the network industry and the general public, such as powerline clearances.

Following its review of the regime for regulating electrical equipment safety in Australia, ERAC has recommended an updated system aimed at eliminating shock, injury and property damage resulting from the sale, supply and use of unsafe electrical equipment. ERAC has proposed that the new system should be underpinned by nationally consistent performance- based legislation in each jurisdiction and comprehensive scheme rules. It contains a mixture of pre-market registration based on third party safety assessment and post-market enforcement.

The system will be designed to take into account the changing character of the electrical appliance supply industry in Australia. The recommendations formed the basis of the Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS), released for public comment by ERAC in December 2008. Following consideration of public submissions on the RIS and further industry consultation, the final RIS which was developed, was endorsed by ERAC members at a meeting in May 2009. In order that a national scheme is agreed and implemented, ERAC are in the process of developing an IGA between all states and territories to gain Ministerial agreement to progress the scheme. .

In June 2008, the Ministerial Council on Energy (MCE) established the Energy Technical and Safety Leaders Group (Leaders Group). The Leaders Group was tasked with the development of a plan to achieve further harmonisation of State and Territory safety regulation for the electricity and gas supply industry.

The Leaders Group presented the Plan to the MCE in December 2009. The Plan contains recommendations for achieving a harmonised national framework within which State and Territory energy supply industry safety and technical regulations could operate.

The plan proposes an intergovernmental agreement (IGA) as the central mechanism by which jurisdictions would commit to a series of overarching principles and objectives supporting harmonisation.

At its 4 December 2009 meeting, the MCE gave in principle agreement to the recommendations contained in the plan as they apply to MCE Ministers’ portfolio responsibilities. MCE Ministers also agreed to work with related portfolio Ministers within their jurisdiction to progress the proposed IGA.

The objective of the IGA is to create a nationally harmonised energy supply industry safety framework, to ensure enhanced public and industry safety, enhance worker mobility and contribute to the efficient delivery of energy network services. In particular, the IGA will formalise governments’ commitment to make necessary legislative or other changes to support the nationally harmonised safety framework for the energy supply industry. The IGA does not commit to the development of model or applied legislation.

As part of the harmonised safety framework, the IGA commits participating jurisdictions to an ongoing work program in standards development (such as the Australian Standard for Energy Network Safety Systems), operating safety rules and skills and training. This work would be supported by the Energy Supply Industry Safety Committee (ESISC), a non-statutory advisory body that provides advice, knowledge and expertise to the MCE and its Senior Committee of Officials (SCO) on the development and implementation of the nationally harmonised safety framework.

48 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

On 4 January 2012, the Commonwealth, States and Territories endorsed the IGA on Energy Supply Industry Safety by signature of First Ministers. Under the IGA, Commonwealth, State and Territory governments agree to put in place a nationally harmonised safety framework for the energy supply industry.

The Terms of Reference (TOR) for the Energy Supply Industry Safety Committee (ESISC) came into effect with the signing of the IGA. The TOR tasked ESISC to develop and implement a nationally harmonised safety framework for the energy supply industry.

The TOR requires that ESISC submit to the MCE’s Senior Committee of Officials (SCO) for approval the ESISC implementation plan for five years. This plan requires a progress update every 12 months on:  Energy Network Safety Systems;  Consistency with National Occupational Health and Safety;  Consistency with National Occupational Licensing System initiatives;  Legislative and regulatory issues;  Expanded National Refresher Training Recognition Protocol for the Electricity Supply Industry;  Generation harmonisation, and  Harmonised Operating Safety Rules.

A key outcome of this work was the development and publication on 18 April 2013 of the Australian Standard AS 5577:2013 Electricity Networks Safety Management Systems.

The new Standard provides a national framework for the harmonisation of energy network safety systems. It is anticipated that the new Standard will be called up in legislation during 2014-15.

6.3 Energy Industry Ombudsman There is a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in place between the Technical Regulator and the Energy Industry Ombudsman (EIO). The MOU defines how the two bodies will interact to deal with customer complaints. The MOU was updated during 2013-14 to reflect the inclusion of the water role of the Technical Regulator and the EIO.

The EIO sought the Technical Regulator’s advice on some occasions during 2013-14. In all cases advice was sought on customer complaints received by the EIO that had resulted from the customer not being satisfied with the responses from the electricity entities. The technical input provided by the Technical Regulator has assisted the EIO in assessing a range of complex issues.

49 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 1: Operating Statement

Operating Statement for the year ending 30 June 2014

In the 2013-14 financial year, pursuant to Section 20 of the Electricity Act 1996, licence revenue received for electricity amounted to $2.789 million. This was used to recoup the recurrent costs of the Office of the Technical Regulator. Total recurrent costs for the year amounted to $2.762 million. After allowing for other income there was an operating net surplus of $0.049 million.

Operating Revenues $ Licence Fees 2,789,000 Expiation Fees 4,117 Appliance Approval Fees 17,220 Other Revenue 384 TOTAL OPERATING REVENUES 2,810,721

Operating Expenses Salaries and Wages 2,034,423 Goods and Services 727,136 TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 2,761,559

TRANSFER TO EQUITY 49,162

Opening Equity – 1 July 2013 798,187

Operating Surplus – 2013-2014 49,162

Closing Equity – 30 June 2014 847,349

Represented By:

Other Assets (Net of Depreciation) 146,647

Cash 700,701

Total 847,349

50 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Staffing Numbers

The number of full-time equivalent (FTE) energy regulatory staff for South Australia is shown in the table below. These numbers have been split into the four sections of the Electrical branch of the OTR.

Table A1.1: FTEs in the Electrical Section of the Technical Regulator’s Office

FTEs in FTEs in FTEs in FTEs in Electrical Electrical Products Emergency Total FTEs Infrastructure Installations Approval Management 2.54 11.2 1 1 15.74

Resource Efficiency The ratios of consumers to the office operating cost are shown in the figure below. The OTR has operated efficiently whilst ensuring public safety and keeping costs to a minimum. As can be observed from the following graph, the energy regulatory costs are being maintained at a low level, indicating an efficient use of resources.

Figure A1.1: OTR operating expense per consumer

51 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 2: Personal Injury

The investigation of all electric shocks and the reports about them are submitted to the Technical Regulator in accordance with Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 to enable the Technical Regulator to maintain records so that trends can be identified and remedial action taken. All electrical fatalities are investigated by the Technical Regulator, as are incidents on the electricity transmission and distribution network. The Technical Regulator prepares reports for the Coroner on all electrical fatalities.

Table A2.1: Comparison of Electrical Fatalities in Australia and New Zealand

Population 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 ’000s SA 1,677.3 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 NSW 7,465.5 3 0 2 5 2 5 3 5 NT 242.6 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 QLD 4,690.9 6 5 3 5 7 4 3 1 TAS 514.0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VIC 5,791.0 2 2 1 9 4 1 1 2 ACT 384.1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 WA 2,550.9 5 1 4 2 4 0 2 1 AUS 23,319,41 20 8 9 25 20 12 11 11 NZ 4,524.92 10 5 6 3 3 3 1 1

Note 1: Estimated Resident Population at 31 December 2013, Australian Bureau of Statistics Note 2: Estimated Resident Population at 31 March 2014, Statistics New Zealand

In 2013-2014, unfortunately there was one electrical fatality in South Australia. This incident occurred during the construction of a building when a worker lifted sheet metal flashings that made contact with an overhead powerline.

52 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 3: Legislative Framework

The Technical Regulator (Electricity) operates within the following legislative framework:

 Electricity Act 1996  Electricity (General) Regulations 2012  Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010  Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000  Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Regulations 2012

A3.1 Objectives of the Electricity Act 1996 The Electricity Act 1996 and associated Regulations were developed to provide the legislative framework to ensure that South Australian consumers continue to have access to a safe, reliable and high quality electricity supply and safe electrical installations in the competitive national electricity market.

Section 3 of the Electricity Act 1996 provides:

“The objects of the Electricity Act 1996 are – (a) to promote efficiency and competition in the electricity supply industry; and (b) to promote the establishment and maintenance of a safe and efficient system of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and supply; and (c) to establish and enforce proper standards of safety, reliability and quality in the electricity supply industry; and (d) to establish and enforce proper safety and technical Standards for electrical installations; and (e) to protect the interest of consumers of electricity.”

A3.2 Functions of the Technical Regulator

In South Australia there are currently 20,453 electrical workers licences and 4,976 electrical contractors (as of 29 July 2014) to undertake work on consumers’ installations.

It is estimated that the typical household has approximately 50 electrical products which includes such items as white goods, power tools and portable household products.

The Technical Regulator’s functions are outlined in Section 8 of the Electricity Act 1996 (see preface).

53 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A3.3 Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000

Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 The Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 outlines the requirements relating to the safety, performance, energy efficiency and labelling of electrical products (including electrical appliances, wires, cables, insulators, fittings and electrical measuring instruments).

The Technical Regulator appointed under the Electricity Act 1996 administers the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000. The Technical Regulator’s responsibilities include:  authorisation to label proclaimed products to certify their compliance with safety and performance Standards (approvals)  authorisation to label proclaimed products so as to indicate their energy efficiency (energy efficiency labelling)  minimum energy performance (MEPS) registration of proclaimed products  the testing or certifying of products and the prohibition of the sale or use of, and public warning statements about, products that are unsafe or likely to become unsafe in use

The Electrical Products Act 2000 was amended and renamed as the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000. The amendments, together with the regulations and the proclamation came into effect on 10 May 2012.

A3.4 Standards, Codes and Guidelines

The Electricity Act 1996 and the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000 enable regulations to call up standards. Standards that apply to particular products are detailed in the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Proclamation 2012. When called up by legislation, these standards become part of the legal framework.

Published Standards are the backbone of the industry which outline the required safety and technical standards and provide for processes by which they can be improved. Aspects of electricity supply addressed by Standards, Codes and Guidelines are set out in Table A3.4.1 below.

Safety and technical Standards are published documents which have been progressively developed in consultation with the electricity supply industry, end users and manufacturers of equipment. They define minimum requirements for the various components of electricity supply and ensure that the industry is performing with high levels of safety and reliability. Technical Standards also include specified best practice performance methods and tests (such as for safety or energy efficiency) and are designed to ensure the safe and effective operation of electrical equipment.

Various standards that are indicative of best practice in the Australian electricity supply industry have been called up by the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012. Those standards are binding on the electrical entities licensed in this State to generate electricity or operate a transmission or distribution network, and on other participants in the electricity supply industry that have been exempted from the requirement to hold a license for their infrastructure operations.

54 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Table A3.4.1: Electricity Supply Infrastructure addressed by Standards, Codes and Guidelines Aerial Lines Conductors Insulated Cables Insulators Insulator and Conductor Fittings Thermal Limits Short Circuit Capacity Mechanical Loading Conditions Conductor Tensions Structures and Footings Clearances from Ground Clearances from Structures Spacing of Conductors Maintenance Substations Electrical Design Circuit Breakers and Ancillary Switchgear Assemblies and Equipment Ancillary Equipment Control Equipment Insulating Panels Power Transformers Bushings Surge Arrestors Batteries Insulation Coordination Safety Clearances Buildings and Enclosures Switchyard Structures, Footings Maintenance and Foundations Earthing and Electrical Protection Systems Protection Earthing Maintenance Testing

Published Standards include: Australian/New Zealand Standards; standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC); guidelines of the Environmental Protection Authority; Energy Networks Australia codes – formerly Energy Supply Association of Australia (ESAA) codes; and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers guidelines.

These Standards are prepared by national technical committees that represent a broad spectrum of interests. These include regulators, other Government bodies, industry experts and consumer representatives. To ensure they are kept up to date, Standards are regularly reviewed. The Technical Regulator is represented on 18 relevant electrical Australian Standards committees and takes on an important role in reviewing the Standards. The Technical Regulator, as part of compliance auditing, refers to the Standards and reviews the operation of, and compliance with the standards.

Various Australian Standards are called up by the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012, as are other nationally and internationally recognised Standards. The Energy Networks Australia (ENA) codes – formerly Energy Supply Association of Australia (ESAA) codes, are indicative of best industry practice in the Australian electricity supply industry. Those called up by the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 are binding on electrical entities in South Australia.

In 2013-14, the Technical Regulator continued in the important role of reviewing Standards, within the Standards Committees because of the need to both regulate in accordance with them and to review their operation.

Representation on Standards Committees by the Technical Regulator is limited to those committees that may have an impact on safety within South Australian industry and on the Technical Regulator’s responsibilities. These are:

EL-001 Wiring Rules EL-001-09 Wiring Rules Drafting Subcommittee EL-001-17 Construction Demolition Sites Installations EL-001-21 Testing and Inspection of Electrical Installations EL-001-24 Generator Sets EL-002 Safety of Household Appliances EL-004 Electrical Accessories EL-42 Renewable Energy Power Supplies and Systems

55 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

EL-42-03 Grid connection of energy systems by inverters EL-044 Safe Working on Low Voltage Electrical Installations EL-052 Electrical Energy Networks, Construction and Operation ET-007 Coordinating Committee on Power and Telecommunications QR-012 Essential Safety and Regulatory Compliance Mark committee

Because of the large number of Australian and New Zealand Standards, representation is shared between all Australian and New Zealand regulators and industry to minimise costs and to ensure that the Standards are practical, commercially equitable and suitable for regulatory purposes.

Selected major achievements of some of the committees during 2013-14:

Standards Australia Committee EL-001- Wiring Rules

During 2013-14, the EL-001 Committee worked on:  FAQ’s for AS/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules  amendments to AS/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules  amendments to AS/NZS 3001 Transportable Structures and Vehicles  review of AS/NZS 3003 Patient Areas  review of AS/NZS 3010 Generator Sets  review of AS/NZS 3012 Construction and Demolition sites

Standards Australia Committee EL-002 – Safety of Household Appliances

Participation on Standards committees over the last year has strengthened the regulatory role of the Technical Regulator in the electrical products field. Some highlights of 2013-14 include:

Amendments to AS/NZS 60335.2.98 to add protection against the entry of burning embers into evaporative air conditioners in the event of a bushfire.

Tightening of the touch temperature limits on several product classes to reduce the incidence of burns to children

Standards Australia Committee EL-004 – Electrical Accessories

This year revised editions of several standards were published with a strategic focus on alignment with IEC standards wherever practical. One highlight is the combining of AS/NZS 3105 (Electric Portable Outlet Devices) and AS/NZS 3197 (Portable Electrical Control or Conditioning Devices). This rationalises the requirements of these two product types.

The technical regulation regime is designed to encourage review against the original design parameters that were applied through Standards. If an asset complies with Standards, its future performance can generally be predicted. This provides a benchmark for future reviews of performance. Compliance with Standards therefore plays a major role in ensuring that the reliability of the whole electricity supply industry can be maintained.

Standards Australia Committee EL-42 – Renewable Energy Power Supplies and Systems

This committee has released two additional amendments for AS/NZS 5033:2012 Installation and safety requirements for photovoltaic (PV) arrays. A third amendment is soon to be released which includes revision of existing clauses and additional requirements for segregation of circuits, strings constructed using d.c. conditioning units and small micro inverter installations.

The sub-committee EL-42-03 is currently in the process of revising the AS/NZS 4777 Grid Connection of energy systems via inverters standard series. A complete new series of this standard is expected to be released in 2015. The revised draft standard has already been released for public comment, and is currently being prepared for a second round of comment.

56 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Parliament South Australian Government (Minister for Energy)

Office of the Technical Regulator

Electricity Act 1996 Energy Product (Safety and Efficiency) Act 2000 Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Regulations Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 2012

Electricity Electricity Electricity Electricity Consumers’ Electrical Energy Industry Generation Transmission Distribution Electrical Products Safety Efficiency Installations

Powerline Powerline . Public safety Building Vegetation . Public safety . Property damage Clearance Clearance . Property damage e.g. Fire . Importers / Major . Employee/ . Public safety . Public safety e.g. Fire . Greenhouse gas Manufacturers / Risks contractor safety . Employee/ . Employee/contractor levels Retailers risk . Damage to contractor safety safety . Public education . Liability TR electrical . Damage to . Public safety . Public safety . Damage to electrical . Investigations . Register energy . Reputation Activities infrastructure electrical . Contractor . Contractor infrastructure (fatalities, injuries, efficiency (star) . Reliability of infrastructure safety safety . Reliability of supply fires) . Correction labels supply . Reliability of supply . Infrastructure . Fire risk . Security of supply . Compliance costs to repair / . Register products . Security of . Security of supply damage . Infrastructure auditing replace faulty for Minimum Energy supply . Reliability of damage . Safety, Reliability, consumers’ products Performance supply . Reliability of Maintenance & installations & work Standards (MEPS) . Safety, Reliability, . Fire risk supply Technical by electrical . Approval of . Compliance audits . Safety, Reliability, Maintenance & Management Plans contractors/ electrical products (proactive) Maintenance & Technical . Public . Audit network . Compliance audits workers for safety . Investigations Technical Management Plans education operator . Liaison with industry . Technical advice . Compliance (reactive) Management . Compliance audits . Management procedures . Technical advice . Standards auditing (proactive) . Standards Plans . Liaison with industry of approvals . Liaison with . Standards development . Investigations development . Compliance . Technical advice . Liaison with councils & development . Representation on (reactive) . Technical advice audits . Standards developers/ private owners licensing advisory . Standards . Liaison with development designers/ . Public committees and development industry builders/ education electricity industry . Liaison between . Technical advice councils & . Management training manufacturers and . Standards general public of exemptions committees consumers development . Household survey . Technical advice . Household survey Other Regulatory Building Importers / Electricity Electrical Environment and Other SA General Supply workers & bodies & standards developers / manufacturers / Public committees designers / retailer of electrical Greenhouse States and Stakeholders Industry contractors builders / councils products Countries

Appendix 4: Major risks associated with the electricity industry and the activities of the Technical Regulator

57 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 5: Products

A5.1 Proclaimed Electrical Products Following are the 56 classes of products currently proclaimed under the Energy Products (Safety & Efficiency) Act 2000 for safety purposes: 1 Appliance Connector 28 Lawn Care Appliance 2 Arc Welding Machine (stick and gas 29 Liquid Heating Appliance shielded) 30 Luminaire – Portable Type 3 Bayonet Lampholder 31 Massage Appliance 4 Bayonet Lampholder Adaptor 32 Microwave Oven 5 Blanket 33 Miniature Over-Current Circuit Breaker 6 Bread Toaster 34 Outlet Device 7 Clothes Dryer 35 Plug 8 Control or Conditioning Device 36 Power Supply or Charger 9 Cooking Appliance – Portable Type 37 Projector 10 Cord Extension Socket 38 Range 11 Cord-Line Switch 39 Range Hood 12 Decorative Lighting Outfit (chains) 40 Razor/Hair Clipper 13 Dishwashing Machine 41 Refrigerating Appliance 14 Edison Screw Lampholder 42 Residual Current Device 15 Fan 43 Room Heater and Room Heater, 16 Fence Energiser Thermal Storage 17 Flexible Heating Pad 44 Sewing Machine 18 Floor Polisher/Scrubber 45 Socket-Outlet 19 Fluorescent Lamp Ballast, Electronic 46 Soldering Iron Lamp Ballast (including compact 47 Supply Flexible Cord fluorescent) 48 Swimming Pool/Spa Equipment 20 Fluorescent Lamp Starter 49 Television Receiver 21 Hair Care Appliance 50 Therapeutic Lamp 22 Hedge Clipper 51 Tool, Portable type 23 Immersion Heater Aquarium Heaters 52 Vacuum Cleaner 24 Insect Electrocutor 53 Wall Switch 25 Inspection Hand Lamp 54 Washing Machine 26 Iron, Garment Steamers 55 Water Bed Heater 27 Kitchen Machine 56 Water Heater

58 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A5.2 Proclaimed Products requiring MEPS Registration

 Air-conditioner – close control  Air conditioner – refrigerative  Distribution transformer  ELV Lighting converter  Electric motor three phase  Electric water Heater  External power supply  Fluorescent lamp ballast  Freezer  Gas water heater  Incandescent lamp  Linear fluorescent lamp  Liquid-chilling package  Refrigerated display cabinet  Refrigerator  Refrigerator/freezer  Self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamp  Set top box  Television set  Water heater

A5.3 Proclaimed Products requiring Energy Efficiency Labelling

 Air conditioner – refrigerative  Clothes dryer  Dishwashing machine  Fluorescent lamp ballast  Freezer  Refrigerator  Refrigerator-freezer  Television set  Washing machine

The full descriptions of the proclaimed electrical products (A5.1, A5.2 and A5.3 as detailed above) can be found in the Energy Products (Safety and Efficiency) Proclamation 2012, available in the Proclamations and Notices section of www.legislation.sa.gov.au.

59 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 6: Generators A6.1 Major Generators A6.1.1 Torrens Island Power Station (TIPS) Licensee: AGL Location: Northwest of metropolitan Adelaide Generating Capacity: 1280 MW—four 120 MW machines in A Station and four 200 MW machines in B Station Fuel Source: Moomba-Adelaide Pipeline (MAP) and SEAGas Pipeline The station also maintains limited reserves of fuel oil on site that would enable the operator to play a vital generation role in the event of gas shortage in SA during periods of high electricity demand.

Table A6.1.1.1: Torrens Island Power Station Performance Indicators

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 TIPS A TIPS B TIPS A TIPS B TIPS A TIPS B Planned Outage Factor 14.73% 28.63% 2.77% 10.54% 8.25% 12.76% Maintenance Outage 8.06% 5.41% 12.94% 13.8% 5.65% 3.98% Factor Equivalent Forced Outage 0.447% 0.257% 0.63% 2.99% 3.05% 11.36% Factor Equivalent Availability 76.76% 65.7% 83.65% 72.67% 83.05% 71.9% Factor

Lost Time Injuries 0 3.9 5.7 Frequency Rate

Medical Treatment 8.8 2.0 19 Injuries Frequency Rate

A6.1.2 Port Augusta Power Stations Northern Power Station and Playford Power Station

Licensee: Flinders Power Holdings GmbH Location: Port Augusta Generating Capacity: Northern Power Station – 2 generators at 272MW each Playford Power Station – 240MW Fuel Source: Leigh Creek Coalfield

Table A6.1.2.1: Port Augusta Power Stations Performance Indicators

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Northern Playford Northern Playford Northern Playford

Planned Outage 10% 3.9% 6.4% 100% 16.2% 100% Factor Maintenance 9% 22.2% 2.0% 0% 7.1% 0% Outage Factor Equivalent Forced Outage 9.9% 8.3% 3.3% 0% 2.0% 0% Factor

60 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Equivalent Availability 71.2% 65.6% 88.3% 0% 74.7% 0% Factor Lost Time 3 2 1 Injuries Medical 6 6 3 Treatment Injuries

A6.1.3 Hallett Power Station

Licensee: EnergyAustralia Hallett Pty Ltd Location: Hallett, 220km north of Adelaide Generating Capacity: 12 Open cycle gas turbines, 203MW Fuel Source: Natural gas or distillate

Table 6.1.3.1: Hallett Power Station Performance Indicators 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Starting Reliability 97.8% 98.1% 98.0% Planned and Maintenance Outage 10.69% 3.6% 10.51% Factor Equivalent Forced Outage Factor 0.01% 4.75% 0.07% Equivalent Availability Factor 89.3% 91.65% 89.42% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 1 1

A6.1.4 Osborne Cogeneration

Licensee: Osborne Cogeneration (a joint venture between ATCO Power Australia Pty Ltd and Origin Energy Power Ltd) Location: Osborne, north of Port Adelaide Generating Capacity: 124MW gas turbine, 65MW steam turbine Fuel Source: Natural gas

Table 6.1.4.1: Osborne Cogeneration Performance Indicators 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Gas Steam Gas Steam Gas Steam Planned Outage Factor 3.16% 3.54% 1.81% 1.87% 7.34% 7.42% Maintenance Outage 0.54% 0.57% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Factor Equivalent Forced 0.20% 0.23% 0.78% 1.27% 1.53% 1.83% Outage Factor Equivalent Availability 96.11% 95.66% 97.41% 96.86% 91.12% 90.74% Factor Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 Medical Treatment 0 1 2 Injuries

61 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A6.1.5 Ladbroke Grove and Quarantine Power Stations Licensee: Origin Energy

Power Stations: Ladbroke Grove Power Quarantine Power Station Station Generating Capacity 2 x 43MW 4 x 22MW, 1 x120MW Fuel Source SEAGas (Natural gas) MAP and SEAGas (Natural gas)

Table A6.1.5.1: Ladbroke Grove and Quarantine Power Stations Performance Indicators 2011-12 2011-12 Quarantine Quarantine Ladbroke Grove 1-4 5 Planned Outage Factor 3.29% 6.3% 1.19% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.11% 0.11% 0.53% Equivalent Forced Outage 0.39% 1.29% 2.25% Factor Equivalent Availability 96.2% 92.4% 96.7% Factor Starting Reliability 99.5% 97.8% 92.0% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 0

Table A6.1.5.2: Ladbroke Grove and Quarantine Power Stations Performance Indicators 2012-13 2012-13 Quarantine Quarantine Ladbroke Grove 1-4 5 Planned Outage Factor 3.1% 0.9% 4.0% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.0% 2.0% 2.2% Equivalent Forced Outage 1.1% 2.4% 5.8% Factor Equivalent Availability 95.9% 96.9% 91.3% Factor Starting Reliability 98.8% 91.3% 96.2% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 0

Table A6.1.5.3: Ladbroke Grove and Quarantine Power Stations Performance Indicators 2013-14 2013-14 Quarantine Quarantine Ladbroke Grove 1-4 5 Planned Outage Factor 3.02% 3.46% 1.78% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.44% 0.16% 1.59%

62 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Equivalent Forced Outage 3.41% 0.23% 1.10% Factor Equivalent Availability 93.13% 96.16% 95.53% Factor Starting Reliability 99.53% 95.10% 99.40% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 0

A6.1.6 Synergen Power Generation Sites Licensee: Synergen Power Pty Limited

Location Dry Creek Mintaro Pt Lincoln Snuggery Generating 3 x 52MW 90W 2 x 25MW, 3x21MW Capacity 1 x 23.5MW Fuel Source Natural gas Natural gas distillate distillate

Table A6.1.6.1: Synergen Power Performance Indicators 2011-12

Dry Mintaro Pt Lincoln Snuggery Creek Planned Outage Factor 1.07% 25.8% 0.69% 3.7% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.02% 0.67% 0.47% 0.22% Equivalent Forced Outage Factor 0.36% 0.09% 0.38% 27.59% Equivalent Availability Factor 98.9% 71.09% 82.6% 77.9% Starting Reliability 94.6% 90% 94.4% 100% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 1 0 0

Table A6.1.6.2: Synergen Power Performance Indicators 2012-13

Dry Mintaro Pt Lincoln Snuggery Creek Planned Outage Factor 9.21% 0% 7.09% 8.18% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.05% 0.08% 0.01% 0.36% Equivalent Forced Outage Factor 0.56% 0.82% 0.82% 52.44% Equivalent Availability Factor 89.1% 99.1% 90.9% 36% Starting Reliability 95.5% 95.1% 94.4% 85.7% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 0 0 1

Table A6.1.6.3: Synergen Power Performance Indicators 2013-14

Dry Mintaro Pt Lincoln Snuggery Creek Planned Outage Factor 3.85% 1.07% 0.73% 4.37% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.77% 0.08% 0.43% 0.92% Equivalent Forced Outage Factor 0.06% 0.10% 0.65% 7.31%

63 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Equivalent Availability Factor 94.8% 98.57% 98.0% 86.6% Starting Reliability 98% 100% 90% 100% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 0 0 0 1

As Synergen is a peaking generator, the majority of these outages had no impact on the reliability of supply for customers.

A6.1.7 Pelican Point Power Station Licensee: Pelican Point Power Limited Location: Outer Harbour Generating Capacity: 487MW Fuel Source: Fuelled solely by natural gas Table A6.1.7.1: Pelican Point Performance Indicators 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Planned Outage Factor 6.70% 2.04% 4.71% Maintenance Outage Factor 0.88% 0.25% 0.50% Equivalent Forced Outage Factor 0.17% 8.20% 0.08% Equivalent Availability Factor 92.24% 89.51% 94.71% Lost Time Injuries 0 0 0 Medical Treatment Injuries 3 2 1

64 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A6.2 Wind Farms

The information for the wind farm capacities below are sourced from the AEMO SA May 2014 existing wind generation information and ESCOSA Wind Generation Licences website. Table A6.2.1: Wind Farms

Location Capacity (MW) Bluff Wind Farm ( Hallett Stage 5) 52.5 North Brown Hill ( Hallett Stage 4) 132.3 Hallett Hill ( Hallett Stage 2) 71.4 Brown Hill ( Hallett Stage 1) 94.5 Canunda Wind Farm 46 Cathedral Rocks Wind Farm 66 Lake Bonney Stage 1 80.5 Lake Bonney Stage 2 159 Lake Bonney Stage 3 39 Mt Millar Wind Farm 70 Clements Gap 56.7 Snowtown Wind Farm 98.7 Starfish Hill Win Farm 34.5 Trust Power Holdings Pty Ltd 2.1 Waterloo Wind Farm 111 Wattle Point Wind Farm 90.8 Snowtown S2 North (Committed) 144 Snowtown S2 South (Committed) 126 Total Capacity 1472.9 MW

Reference: AEMO: SA existing wind generation Information (30 May 2014) and ESCOSA Licenses

65 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A6.3 Small Operators

Table A6.3.1: Small generation, distribution and transmission operators with approved SRMTMPs

Location Licensed Entity Type Yunta Dalfoam Pty Ltd Diesel (also distribution) Whyalla OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Ltd Gas Turbines (also distribution) Coober Pedy Coober Pedy District Council Diesel and wind (also distribution) Iron Knob and Pimba Cowell Electric Supply Pty Ltd Distribution Andamooka Jeril Enterprises Pty Ltd Gas and diesel (also distribution) Roxby Downs Municipal Council of Roxby Downs Distribution Olympic Dam BHP Billiton Transmission Various1 Energy Developments Limited Landfill Gas Group Operations Pty Ltd Lonsdale, Angaston and Infratil Energy Australia Pty Ltd Diesel Port Stanvac Tarcoola The Australian Rail Track Diesel (also distribution Corporation Ltd (ARTC) and transmission) Wilpena Pound AGL Photovoltaic Coopers Brewery AGL Cogeneration Regency Park Remote Areas2 Cavill Power Products Pty Ltd Diesel and Gas Aboriginal Communities3 Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Diesel and photovoltaic Reconciliation Moomba Santos Limited Steam and Gas turbines Cooper Basin Diesel and Gas (also distribution) Moomba/ Adelaide Epic Energy South Australia Pty Diesel and gas (also Pipeline Limited distribution) Hope Valley Lofty Ranges Power Pty Ltd and Mini Hydro SA Water Corporation

Note 1: Wingfield, Tea Tree Gully, Highbury, Pedlar Creek Note 2: Oodnadatta, Marree, Kingoonya, Parachilna, Nundroo, Mannahill, Marla, Glendambo, Blinman Note 3: Umuwa, Amata, Pipalyatjara, Watarru, Murputja, Oak Valley, Yalata

66 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 7: Transmission

The electricity transmission system transports power from the power stations directly to a series of sub-stations and switchyards, which in turn supply the distribution system and directly connected transmission customers. The major transmission entity in the State, ElectraNet, owns and operates a network of approximately 5,600 circuit kilometres of transmission lines. The network operates at nominal voltages of primarily 275 kV and 132 kV with a smaller number of 66 kV lines. The transmission system also includes 88 substations and switchyards.

Table A7.1: ElectraNet Key Performance Indicators

Performance Performance Definition of Indicator 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Indicator Measured

Substation Volume of Number of Substation 2,708 3,541 4,150 Routine Task planned Routine Tasks completed Rate substation maintenance Line Routine Planned line Number of Line Routine 1,612 1,326 1,519 Task Rate maintenance Tasks completed during during the the reporting period period Substation Unplanned Number of Substation 2,708 3,152 3,469 Corrective Substation Corrective Tasks Task Rate maintenance completed during the during the reporting period period Line Unplanned Number of Line Corrective 2,676 2,740 2,105 Corrective Line Tasks completed during Task Rate maintenance the reporting period during the period Vegetation Vegetation Number of reported 0 0 0 Infringements maintenance vegetation infringements unresolved within 7 days during the fire season Fire Starts Line Number of fire starts 0 0 0 maintenance caused by ElectraNet transmission assets. Major Plant Events Number of failures of 5 3 6 Failure reported major plant requiring Events under replacement (eg. HV 73(3)(a) of transformers, circuit the Electricity breakers, disconnectors, (General) instrument transformers Regulations 2012 Electric Safety Number of shock reports 0 1 1 Shock during the period Reports Switching Switching Number of switching 0.26% 0.30% 0.30% Incident Rate safety incidents per number of switching plans issued

67 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Performance Performance Definition of Indicator 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Indicator Measured

Lost Time Safety Number of injuries 0 1 2 Injuries resulting in more than one day lost Lost Time Safety Number of injuries 0 1.58 3.0 Injury resulting in more than one Frequency day lost per million hours Rate worked Medical Safety Number of medical 2 1 1 Treatment treatment injuries Injuries

Medical Safety Number of medical 1.72 1.58 1.59 Treatment treatment injuries per Injury million hours worked Frequency Rate Contractor ElectraNet’s Number of reported 5 8 6 Safety contractor construction and Incidents safety maintenance contractor involving safety incidents involving Injury injury Emergency ElectraNet’s Number of completed 1 1 1 Management emergency Emergency Management Plan response Plan exercises Exercises preparedness

Table A7.2: Murraylink Circuit Availability Performance Indicators 2012-13 2013-14 Target Outage Availability Outage Availability Outage Availability (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) Planned 40h 12min 99.50% 34h 36min 99.60% 72h 99.17% Outage Peak Period 336h 12min 95.63% 40h 10min 99.54% 45h 99.48% Forced Outage Off Peak Period 347h 47min 95.84% 17h 39min 99.80% 55.8h 99.34% Forced Outage

Lost Time 0 0 0 Injuries Medical Treatment 0 0 0 Injuries

68 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 8: Distribution

The distribution network delivers power to consumers. The major distribution network operator, SA Power Networks (formerly ETSA Utilities), owns and maintains over 88,094 kilometres of overhead and underground distribution lines. The lines operate at 132 kV, 66 kV, 33 kV, 19 kV (SWER), 11 kV, 7.6 kV and low voltage (400/230 V). SA Power Networks also owns 404 substations and switchyards.

The South Australian distribution network serves 843,121 customers.

In 2013-14, the number of fire starts as attributed to the distribution infrastructure has increased from the previous year by 23.61% to 0.89 fire starts per 1,000 km of mains (this corresponds to 15 additional events).

Table 8.1: Some of SA Power Networks Key Performance Indicators

Safety Management Indicators 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Annual cumulative numbers of lost 1 Lost Time 6 Lost Time 4 Lost Time time accidents and near misses 349 Near Miss 539 Near Miss 705 Near Miss involving SA Power Networks personnel (including contractors) Hazard logs greater than 30 days old 3 3 0 Number of in progress hazard logs 4 12 11 Actual workplace inspections carried 650 1,040 1,050 out per annual inspections planned Number of shock reports per 1000 3.7 3.8 4.41 km of mains Number of damage claims per 1000 8.0 6.5 8.12 km of mains Number of fire starts per 1000 km of 0.65 0.72 0.89 mains Number of switching incidents 36 25 24 Number of completed emergency 3 2 2 plan exercises Technical Management Indicators % meters within tolerance (per 97.9 99.2 97.2 planned sample) General Information Number of requests for underground 47,249 51,239 59,946 locations provided per year Number of revenue metering 7,250 7,230 5,160 investigations carried out per year Audited compliance against internal Completed by Completed by Completed by vegetation clearance procedures and GHD in GHD in GHD in agreements December 2011 December 2012 December 2013 Number of network access permits 1,069 requested 642 requested 1,684 requested and number of network requested 3 897 issued 710 issued access permits issued 1,539 issued4

69 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Note 1: 4.4 = (389/88,094) x 1,000 where 389 is the number of Shock Reports; 88,094 is the total circuit length of SA Power Networks network used in the calculation Note 2: 8.1 = (715/88,094) x 1,000 where 715 is the number of damage claims (one incident can result in multiple claims) Note 3: Access Permits are issued for all Requests for Network Access (RNA) & for vegetation clearance work not received via a RNA Note 4: Associated with the RNA’s, or with ad-hoc requests to cut trees by SA Power Networks engaged tree cutters or to dig near SA Power Networks cables

70 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Appendix 9: Glossary and Abbreviations

A9.1 Definitions

Availability Percentage of time over a Generation Production of electricity in year when generating plant was available power stations, solar arrays and wind (after megawatt losses due to outages are farms taken into account); based on megawatt hours Transmission Transport of electricity to the distribution network by high voltage Cogeneration Production of useful heat transmission lines and electricity from the same quantity of fuel Distribution Delivery of electricity to consumers through the network Distribution Licence An industry code administered by ESCOSA (adherence to Reliability of supply Ability to maintain the Code is a condition of a distribution sufficient generation or flow of electricity to licence) meet the demand of end users

Meshed Part of a ring main where failure Security of supply Ability to provide at one point can be isolated and supply responses to the failure of plant and system backfed from elsewhere in the equipment so as to continue the supply of system as opposed to radial system, which electricity has only one point of supply Distribution reliability Duration of Network Outage Time A measurement of customer supply interruptions (minutes off the time that the network cannot supply supply) per customer per annum, energy averaged over the year Measured by the System Average Interruption Duration Reliability Indication of capability of Index (SAIDI) electricity supply system to meet demand; measured by the number of hours when Transmission circuit availability plant was out of service Measured by the hours all circuits are available expressed as a percentage of SAIDI The total of the duration of each the total possible hours they could be customer interruption (in minutes) divided available by the total number of customers averaged over the year Distribution reliability Total duration of customer supply interruptions (minutes off SAIFI The total number of customer supply) per customer per annum, interruptions divided by the average total averaged over the year Measured by the number of customers over the year System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI)

A9.2 Performance Indicator Definitions

Planned outages Planned outages generally involve overhaul work, either on a unit or components, planned well in advance, usually by more than a year. Maintenance outages Maintenance outages require the removal of a unit or component from service for work which can be deferred beyond the next weekend but must be carried out before the next planned outage.

71 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

Forced outages Forced outages involve the removal of a unit or component from service for work that cannot be deferred beyond the next weekend. The term “equivalent” refers to the conversion of partial outages to equivalent full outages.

Starting reliability Starting reliability is the percentage of time the plant actually starts when called upon. This is only reported for power stations classed as peaking plants. For base load plants, starting reliability is not applicable as the plant is run continuously.

A9.3 Performance Indicator Formulae

Planned Outage Factor MWh out of service due to planned outage x 100% Installed plant capacity (MW) x 8,760 hours

Maintenance Outage Factor MWh out of service due to maintenance outages x 100% Installed plant capacity (MW) x 8,760 hours

Equivalent Forced Outage Factor MWh out of service due to forced outage x 100% Installed plant capacity (MW) x 8,760 hours

Equivalent Availability Factor Installed plant capacity ( MW) x 8,760 – MWh losses due to outages) x 100% Installed plant capacity (MW) x 8,760 hours

Medical Injury Frequency Rate

Number of occurrences in the period x 1,000,000 Number of hours worked in the period

A9.4 Units

J Joule – unit of energy W watt (1W = 1 joule/second) – unit of power Wh watt-hour (1Wh = 3,600J) – unit of electrical energy V Volt – unit of Voltage VAR Volt Amp Reactive – unit of reactive power

A9.5 Prefixes m (milli) 10-3 k (kilo) 103 (thousand) M (mega) 106 (million) G (giga) 109 (billion) T (tera) 1012 (trillion)

72 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

A9.6 Acronyms and Abbreviations

ABC Arial Bundled Cable ACCC Australian Competition and Consumer Commission AEMO Australian Energy Market Operator AER Australian Energy Regulator APS Augusta Power Stations (Northern Power Station and Playford Power Station) CATI Computer Assisted Telephone Interview CBS Consumer and Business Services CEC Clean Energy Council CEPU Communications Electrical Plumbing Union DMITRE Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy DSD Department of State Development ECC Electrical Certificate of Compliance EIO Energy Industry Ombudsman ElectraNet Short form of ElectraNet SA, the trading name of ElectraNet Pty Limited ELV Extra Low Voltage ENA Energy Networks Australia EPARCG Energy Planning and Regulators Coordination Group – formerly the Electricity PARCG. Merged with the Gas Regulators Coordinators Group in November 2005 ERAC Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council ESAA Energy Supply Association of Australia ESCOSA Essential Services Commission of South Australia. Independent economic regulator, established by an Act of Parliament. Responsible for licensing, quality of supply and customer service issues in the South Australian electricity market ESISC Energy Supply Industry Safety Committee ETAC Electrical Technical Advisory Committee ETSA Short form of ETSA Utilities (Now known as SA Power Networks), a partnership of: CKI Utilities Development Limited HEI Utilities Development Limited CKI Utilities Holdings Limited HEI Utilities Holdings Limited CKI/HEI Utilities Distribution Limited IEC International Electrotechnical Commission (responsible for developing international safety and technical Standards) IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IGA Inter Government Agreement KPI Key Performance Indicator HV High voltage LGA Local Government Association

73 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity

LV Low voltage (less than 1000 volts; nominally 400/230 volts) MAP Moomba-Adelaide Pipeline – Gas pipeline that supplies natural gas to Adelaide from the Moomba processing plant MCE Ministerial Council on Energy MED Major Event Day MEPS Minimum Energy Performance Standards MEN Multiple Earthed Neutral MFS Metropolitan Fire Service MRA Mutual Recognition Agreement or Act allowing legal recognition in one jurisdiction of product approval or testing procedures in another jurisdiction MSWE Major Severe Weather Event NATA National Association of Testing Authorities NECA National Electrical and Communications Association NEM National Electricity Market OCBA Office of Consumer and Business Affairs OTR Office of the Technical Regulator PCB Printed Circuit Board PDF Portable Document Format RCD Residual Current Device (also known as an earth leakage circuit breaker); commonly referred to as a ‘Safety Switch’ RCM Regulatory Compliance Mark RIS Regulatory Impact Statement SA South Australia SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index SAPN SA Power Networks SAPOL South Australian Police SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCO Senior Committee of Officials SEAGas South East Australia Gas Pipeline – Gas pipeline that supplies natural gas from Victoria to Adelaide SRMTMP Safety, Reliability, Maintenance and Technical Management Plan SWER Single Wire Earth Return (19kV rural distribution feeder) TAFE Training and Further Education TIPS Torrens Island Power Station TOR Terms of Reference

74 Annual Report of the Technical Regulator 2013-14: Electricity