Equivalence of Italian positions with other international academic positions

In 2016, the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research issued a Law (DM 662/2016) that officially indicates the equivalence between international academic positions as follows:

Country Grade a Grade b Grade c Grade d** Italy Professore Ordinario Professore Associato Ricercatore (RTDb) Ricercatore (RTDa)

Albania Profesor Profesor i Asociuar Lektor Asistent Lektor

Maitre Assistant, Maitre de Algeria Professeur Maitre de Conference* Conference*

Argentina Profesor Titular Profesor Asociado Profesor Adjunto Ayudante/Contratado Associate Professor Lecturer (A, B), Professor (E), (C-D), Senior Lecturer, Senior Research Research Associate, Post-Doc Australia Principal Research Principal Research Fellow*, Senior Fellow, Research Fellow* Fellow* Fellow*, Senior Research Fellow* Research Fellow* Professor, Asspziierter Professor Assistenzprofessor Universitätsassistent (B1), Austria Universitätsprofessor (A2), (A2)* Projektmitarbeiter (B1) (A1) Assistenzprofessor* Bahrain Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Belgium (F) Gewoon Hooglerar Hoofdocent Docent Doctor-assistant Professeur, Charge de Charge de Course Course, Maitre de Professeur Ordinaire, temporaire, Maitre Conferences*, Premier Assistant, Chercheur Belgium (V) Directeur de de Conferences*, Directeur de qualifie*, Charge de recherece Recerche* Chef de travaux*, Recerche*, Chef de Chercheur qualifie* travaux* Belarus Professor Dozent Assistant Professor Bosnia Redovni Profesor Vanredni Profesor Docent Asistent Herzegovina Professor Titular Professor Associado Professor Adjunto Brazil Professor Assistente (MS-6) (MS-5) (MS-3) Docent, Senior Glaven Asistent, Bulgaria Profesor Asisten, Scientist I-II Scientist II Sennior Scientist I

Assistant Professor, Lecturer, Research Fellow*, Associate Professor, Senior Fellow*, Canada Full Professor Research Supervisor*, Instructor, Senior Fellow* Research Fellow*, Research Associate Research Supervisor* Czech Profesor Docent Odborny asistent* Odborny asistent* Republic Chile Academico Ordinario Academico Docente Academico Adjunto Associate Professor, China Professor, Jiaoshou Lecturer, Jangshi Research Fellow Fujiaoshou Assistant Professor, Cyprus Professor Associate Professor Lecturer Colombia Profesor Titular Profesor Asociado Profesor Asistente South Korea Full Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Croatia Redoviti Profesor Izvanredni Profesor Docent Denmark Professor Lektor Adjunkt Ecuador Titular Principal Titular Agregado Titular Auxiliar Egypt Ostath Ostath Mosaed Modaress Estonia Professor Dotsent Lektor, Assistent

Assistant Professor, Philippines Professor Associate Professor Aggregate Professor

Dosentii*, Adjunct*, Finland Professori Yliopistotutkija, Tutkijatohtori Yliopistonlehtotori

Maitre de Conference HC, Maitre de Attaché Temporaire Professeur des Conference*, Maitre de d’Enseignement et de Recherche Univerites, Directeur France Directeur d’Etudes*, Conference*, Charge (ATER), Allocataire de Recherche, d’Etudes*, Directeur Directeur de de Recherche* Chercheur post-doctoral, Post- de Recherche* Recherche*, Charge doctorant de Recherche* Juniorprofessor (W1), Akademischer Mitarbeiter (A13), Akademischer Rat Professor (W2*), (A13), Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter*, Professor (W3, W2*), Hochschuldocent Germany Hochschuldocent Kunstlerische Mitarbeiter*, Direktor (A15) (A14), Direktor (A14), (A13), Akademischer Rat* Oberrat (A14) Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter*, Kunstlerische Mitarbeiter* Japan Kyoju Junkyoju Koshi, Jokyo Jordan Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Professor, Taktikos Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Greece (Protis Wathmidos) Anaplirotis (Deuvteris Epikouros Kathigitis Kathgidis Wathmidos) Kathigitis Assistant Professor, India Professor Associate Professor Lecturer*

Indonesia Gurubesar Gurubesar Madya Lektor Kepala

Iran Ostad Danesyar Ostadyar Iraq Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Senior Lecturer, Ireland Professor Associate Professor Lecturer*, Postdoc Lecturer* Iceland Professor Dosent Lektor Senior Lecturer Israel Full Professor Associate Professor Lecturer*, Postdoc Lecturer* Asocietais Latvia Profesors/re Docents/te Profesors/re Libya Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Lithuania Professor Docent Research Fellow Luxembourg Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor FYROM Professor Vonreden Professor Docent* Docent* (Macedonia) Senior Lecturer, Malaysia Professor Professor Madya Lecturer* Lecturer* Senior Lecturer, Malta Professor Associate Professor Lecturer* Lecturer* Morocco Professor Accredited Lecturer Assistant Lecturer Professor Associado Professor Associado Mexico Professor Titular (C) (A, B) Associate Professor, Nigeria Professor Senior Lecturer Lecturer Reader Norway Professor Forsteamanuensis Forstelektor Postdoktor Associate Professor (C, D), Senior Professor (E), Lecturer, Principal Lecturer (A, B), Research Associate, Research New Zeland Principal Research Research Fellow* Research Fellow* Fellow* Fellow* Principal Research Fellow* Netherlands Hoogleerar Hoofdocent Universitair Docent Onderzoeker

Pakistan Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Profesor Poland Profesor Zwyczajny Docent, Wykladowca Adjunkt Nadzwyczajny Professor Associado*, Portugal Professor Catedratico Professor Associado* Professor Auxiliar

Associate Professor, Senior Lecturer, Lecturer A, B*, Senior Professor, Reader*, Lecturer B*, Reader*, Research Fellow*, Research UK Research Fellow*, Professional Fellow Professional Fellow*, Associate Research Fellow* Senior Research Fellow* Romania Profesor Conferentiar Lector, Sef de Lucrari

Russian Chair Holder, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor,

Federation Professor Dozent, Lecturer* Lecturer*

Serbia Profesor Vanredni Profesor Docent Slovakia Profesor Docent Odborny Asistent* Odborny Asistent* Slovenia Redny Profesor Izredny Profesor Docent South Africa Professor Associate Professor Senior Lecturer* Senior Lecturer* Profesor de Professor Titular de Universidad Privada, Catedratico de Universidad, Profesor Profesor Ayudante Spain Universidad, Agregado, Profesor Doctor, Profesor Profesor Pleno Contratado Doctor Lector, Profesor Adjunto Sri Lanka Professor Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Professor, Lektor*, Adjunkt, Sweden Docent, Lektor* Bitradande Professor Forskarassistent Switzerland Privatdozent, SNF Assistent Professor, Professor Oberassistent, Postdoc (G) Professor Senior Researcher Switzerland Professeur Associé, Professeur Assistant, Professeur Ordinaire (F) Charge de Cours Maitre Assistant Taiwan Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor

Thailand Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor

Charge de Cours Charge de Cours Temporaire, Maitre Definitif, Maitre de de Conferences*, Chef de Travaux*, Chercheur Professeur, Directeur Conferences*, Tunisia Chef de Tarvaux Qualifie*, Charge de Recherche, de Recherche* Directeur de Agrege*, Chef de Premier Assistant Recherche*, Chef de Travaux*, Chercheur Travaux Agrege* Qualifie* Turkey Profesor Docent Yardimci Docent Professor, Assistant Professor, Junior Lecturer (Vykladach), Ukraine Dozent Chairholder Starshiy Vykladach Research Assistant Egyetemi Docens, Adjunktus, Egyetemi Tanar, Hungary Tudomanyos Tudomanyos Tudomanyos Munkatars Kutatoprofesszor Tanacsado Fomunkatars Instructor, Research Associate, U.S.A. Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Research Fellow Ordinario, Professore non Vatican City Professore I grado Straordinario stabile Profesor Agregado, Venezuela Profesor Titular Profesor Asociado Profesor Asistente Vietnam Giao Su’ Pho Giao Su’

Notes

* Equivalence to be assessed on the basis of CV and home institution ** These positions must follow a PhD title or equivalent title