Mythologie Hindoue : Mahabharata
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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
Kerngeschichte Des Mahabharatas
www.hindumythen.de Buch 1 Adi Parva Das Buch von den Anfängen Buch 2 Sabha Parva Das Buch von der Versammlungshalle Buch 3 Vana Parva Das Buch vom Wald Buch 4 Virata Parva Das Buch vom Aufenthalt am Hofe König Viratas Buch 5 Udyoga Parva Das Buch von den Kriegsvorbereitungen Buch 6 Bhishma Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Bhishmas Buch 7 Drona Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Dronas Buch 8 Karna Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Karnas Buch 9 Shalya Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Shalyas Buch 10 Sauptika Parva Das Buch vom nächtlichen Überfall Buch 11 Stri Parva Das Buch von den Frauen Buch 12 Shanti Parva Das Buch vom Frieden Buch 13 Anusasana Parva Das Buch von der Unterweisung Buch 14 Ashvamedha Parva Das Buch vom Pferdeopfer Buch 15 Ashramavasaka Parva Das Buch vom Besuch in der Einsiedelei Buch 16 Mausala Parva Das Buch von den Keulen Buch 17 Mahaprasthanika Parva Das Buch vom großen Aufbruch Buch 18 Svargarohanika Parva Das Buch vom Aufstieg in den Himmel www.hindumythen.de Für Ihnen unbekannte Begriffe und Charaktere nutzen Sie bitte mein Nachschlagewerk www.indische-mythologie.de Darin werden Sie auch auf detailliert erzählte Mythen im Zusammenhang mit dem jeweiligen Charakter hingewiesen. Vor langer Zeit kam in Bharata, wie Indien damals genannt wurde, der Weise Krishna Dvaipayana Veda Vyasa zur Welt. Sein Name bedeutet ‘Der dunkle (Krishna) auf einer Insel (Dvipa) Geborene (Dvaipayana), der die Veden (Veda) teilte (Vyasa). Krishna Dvaipayana war die herausragende Gestalt jener Zeit. Er ordnete die Veden und teilte sie in vier Teile, Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
Vidura, Uddhava and Maitreya
Çré Çayana Ekädaçé Issue no: 17 27th July 2015 Vidura, Uddhava and Maitreya Features VIDURA QUESTIONS UDDHAVA Srila Sukadeva Goswami THE MOST EXALTED PERSONALITY IN THE VRISHNI DYNASTY Lord Krishna instructing Uddhava Lord Sriman Purnaprajna Dasa UDDHAVA REMEMBERS KRISHNA Srila Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakur UDDHAVA GUIDES VIDURA TO TAKE SHELTER OF MAITREYA ÅñI Srila Sukadeva Goswami WHY DID UDDHAVA REFUSE TO BECOME THE SPIRITUAL MASTER OF VIDURA? His Divine Grace A .C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada WHY DID KRISHNA SEND UDDHAVA TO BADRIKASHRAMA? Srila Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakur WHO IS MAITREYA ÅñI? Srila Krishna-Dvaipayana Vyasa Issue no 16, Page — 2 nityaà bhägavata-sevayä VIDURA QUESTIONS UDDHAVA be the cause of the Åg Veda, the creator of the mind Srila Sukadeva Goswami and the fourth Plenary expansion of Viñëu. O sober one, others, such as Hridika, Charudeshna, Gada and After passing through very wealthy provinces like the son of Satyabhama, who accept Lord Sri Krishna Surat, Sauvira and Matsya and through western India, as the soul of the self and thus follow His path without known as Kurujangala. At last he reached the bank of deviation-are they well? Also let me inquire whether the Yamuna, where he happened to meet Uddhava, Maharaja Yudhisthira is now maintaining the kingdom the great devotee of Lord Krishna. Then, due to his great according to religious principles and with respect love and feeling, Vidura embraced him [Uddhava], for the path of religion. Formerly Duryodhana was who was a constant companion of Lord Krishna and burning with envy because Yudhisthira was being formerly a great student of Brihaspati's. -
Mahabharata Tatparnirnaya
Mahabharatha Tatparya Nirnaya Chapter XIX The episodes of Lakshagriha, Bhimasena's marriage with Hidimba, Killing Bakasura, Draupadi svayamwara, Pandavas settling down in Indraprastha are described in this chapter. The details of these episodes are well-known. Therefore the special points of religious and moral conduct highlights in Tatparya Nirnaya and its commentaries will be briefly stated here. Kanika's wrong advice to Duryodhana This chapter starts with instructions of Kanika an expert in the evil policies of politics to Duryodhana. This Kanika was also known as Kalinga. Probably he hailed from Kalinga region. He was a person if Bharadvaja gotra and an adviser to Shatrujna the king of Sauvira. He told Duryodhana that when the close relatives like brothers, parents, teachers, and friends are our enemies, we should talk sweet outwardly and plan for destroying them. Heretics, robbers, theives and poor persons should be employed to kill them by poison. Outwardly we should pretend to be religiously.Rituals, sacrifices etc should be performed. Taking people into confidence by these means we should hit our enemy when the time is ripe. In this way Kanika secretly advised Duryodhana to plan against Pandavas. Duryodhana approached his father Dhritarashtra and appealed to him to send out Pandavas to some other place. Initially Dhritarashtra said Pandavas are also my sons, they are well behaved, brave, they will add to the wealth and the reputation of our kingdom, and therefore, it is not proper to send them out. However, Duryodhana insisted that they should be sent out. He said he has mastered one hundred and thirty powerful hymns that will protect him from the enemies. -
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi CHAPTER XVII Rukmi’s initiative to arrange the swayamvara of Rukmini Rukmi the son of Bhishmaka planned to give Rukmini in marriage to Shishupala by arranging Swayamvara. Demon Ilvala was born as Rukmi.Such the son of Vahni also had entered him.He had studied Dhanurvidya from Druma and had secured the bow – Vijaya of Indra.This was equal in strength ot Gandiva and Saranga.When swayamvara was announced Jarasandha, Salva, Paundraka and Shishupala arrived.Sri Krishna also arrived seated on Garuda.When Shishupala and Dantavakra found that Krishna had arrived they pleaded with others not oppose to Krishna.After all they were originally devotees of Sri Krishna. However Jarasandha opposed it. Coronation of Sri Krishna Krishna was not duly coronated on the throne. Therefore he was not entitled for a seat in the swayamvara hall nor for any hospitality. They though if they did not provide him a seat he would go away.Kratha and Kaisika the brothers of Bhishmaka came to know of it.They took Krishna to their residence and arranged for their coronation.In the meanwhile a messenger of Indra came and advised the princes gathered to coronate Krishna. He said Indra would throw vajrayudha on them if they failed to carry out his order. Indra did not want Jarasandha, Rukmi,Salva and Shishupala to participate in the coronation of Sri Krishna.therefore he has asked them not to join. They also did not want to join.Indra sent a rich throne. Krishna made Garuda sit on the right side, Kratha , Kaisika and satyaki on left side.Then coronation bath was given using a golden pitcher.Krishna blessed Bhishmaka and said his daughter’s marriage would be auspicious.He revealed his Vishvarupa to him .Bhismaka saw infinite incarnations of Vishnu and Lakshmi in that Vishvarupa.Sri Krishna returned to Mathura. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
Minutes of the Meeting of the Expert Committee Held on 14Th, 15Th,17Th and 18Th October, 2013 Under the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS)
No.F.10-01/2012-P.Arts (Pt.) Ministry of Culture P. Arts Section Minutes of the Meeting of the Expert Committee held on 14th, 15th,17th and 18th October, 2013 under the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS). The Expert Committee for the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS) met on 14th, 15th ,17thand 18th October, 2013 to consider renewal of salary grants to existing grantees and decide on the fresh applications received for salary and production grants under the Scheme, including review of certain past cases, as recommended in the earlier meeting. The meeting was chaired by Smt. Arvind Manjit Singh, Joint Secretary (Culture). A list of Expert members present in the meeting is annexed. 2. On the opening day of the meeting ie. 14th October, inaugurating the meeting, Sh. Sanjeev Mittal, Joint Secretary, introduced himself to the members of Expert Committee and while welcoming the members of the committee informed that the Ministry was putting its best efforts to promote, develop and protect culture of the country. As regards the Performing Arts Grants Scheme(earlier known as the Scheme of Financial Assistance to Professional Groups and Individuals Engaged for Specified Performing Arts Projects; Salary & Production Grants), it was apprised that despite severe financial constraints invoked by the Deptt. Of Expenditure the Ministry had ensured a provision of Rs.48 crores for the Repertory/Production Grants during the current financial year which was in fact higher than the last year’s budgetary provision. 3. Smt. Meena Balimane Sharma, Director, in her capacity as the Member-Secretary of the Expert Committee, thereafter, briefed the members about the salient features of various provisions of the relevant Scheme under which the proposals in question were required to be examined by them before giving their recommendations. -
Essence of Bhagavan Dattaatreya- Magnificence of Tripurambimka
ESSENCE OF BHAGAVAN DATTAATREYA- MAGNIFICENCE OF TRIPURAMBIMKA Translated and interpreted by V.D.N.Rao 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu, Matsya, Varaha, Kurma, Vamana, Narada, Padma; Shiva, Linga, Skanda, Markandeya, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma, Brahma Vaivarta, Agni, Bhavishya, Nilamata; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa- Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama:a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri;b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata;c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers -Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu - Dharma Bindu - Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana-Essence of Paraashara Smriti- Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima- Essence of Ashtaadasha Upanishads: Brihadarankya, Katha, Taittiriya/ Taittiriya Aranyaka , Isha, Svetashvatara, Maha Narayana and Maitreyi, Chhadogya and Kena, Atreya and Kausheetaki, Mundaka, Maandukya, Prashna, Jaabaala and Kaivalya. Also „Upanishad Saaraamsa‟ - Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata- Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti -Essence of Brahma Sutras- Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Essence of Knowledge of Numbers for students-Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika-Essence of Hindu Festivals and AusteritiesEssence of Manu Smriti- Quintessence of Manu Smriti- Essence of Paramartha Saara; Essence of Pratyaksha Bhaskra; Essence of Pratyaksha Chandra; Essence of Vidya-Vigjnaana-Vaak -
Saoli Mitra's Timeless Tales
postscriptum: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Literary Studies Volume 1 Number ii (July 2016) Online – Open Access – Peer reviewed postscriptum.co.in Bhadra, Suranjana. “Retelling the Myth of Kunti: Saoli Mitra’s Timeless Tales” pp. 61-69 Retelling the Myth of Kunti: Saoli Mitra’s Timeless Tales Dr Suranjana Bhadra Assistant Professor in English, MUC Women’s College, Burdwan The author teaches English Literature in the postgraduate department of English of Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women’s College, affiliated to the University of Burdwan, where she is an Assistant Professor for more than ten years. Her area of interest is Feminist Theatre. She has some publications in national and international journals. Abstract The stories of the epics have gained a sense of timelessness. They have established the codes of culture and values in the society. The myths are replete with the account of women adhering to ‘pativrata dharma’. Such pseudo queens have become the cultural icons as they safeguard the patriarchal conventions. In the Mahabharata Kunti , the mother and the widow is the symbol of eternal suffering .Though she is much revered and glorified, the epic legitimizes the subjugation and exploitation of a widow caught in the gyres of patriarchy. In performing a signifying function myth hides nothing and flaunts nothing: it distorts; myth is neither a lie nor a confession: it is an inflexion. Referring to Saoli Mitra’s Katha Amritasaman this paper explores the sufferings of Kunti, the widow and the mother. It retells Kunti’s story by unravelling the gaps and silences in the epic. All alone Kunti creates an entity of her own, devises original ways to meet the challenge and the best of all is that, although she respects social norms she is not a slave to them and can override them if necessary. -
Lessons from Bhishmadev Hare Krishna Prabhujis and Matajis
Lessons from Bhishmadev Date: 2009-10-26 Author: Kalacakra Krsna das Hare Krishna Prabhujis and Matajis, Please accept our humble obeisances. All glories to Srila Prabhupada and Srila Gurudeva. When the Pandavas along with Lord Krishna and other sages came to meet Bhishmadev in the battle-field of Kurukshetra, he received and welcomed everyone properly, although he was lying on the death-bed. Important point to remember is that he was not lying in bed of roses - but was lying on bed of arrows. We are so fallen that even when we are in healthy and comfortable position, we fail to welcome people properly. With advancement of so-called technology - nowadays people are so engrossed in TV and computers that they don't even care to make an eye to eye contact to welcome guests. In Srimad Bhagavatam verse 1.9.9, Suta Goswami says, tān sametān mahā-bhāgān upalabhya vasūttamaḥ pūjayām āsa dharma-jño deśa-kāla-vibhāgavit Bhishmadeva, who was the best amongst the eight Vasus, received and welcomed all the great and powerful rshis who were assembled there, for he knew perfectly all the religious principles according to time and place. In his powerful purport to the above verse Srila Prabhupada is teaching us some very practical, important lessons which we must follow in our day to day life when we interact with different souls. He says - "Bhishmadeva was one of the twelve great authorities in preaching this cult of devotional service, and therefore he could receive and welcome all the powerful sages assembled there at his deathbed from all parts of the universe.