Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology
REVIEW published: 21 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00042 Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology Christine J. Band-Schmidt 1*, Lorena M. Durán-Riveroll 2, José J. Bustillos-Guzmán 3, Ignacio Leyva-Valencia 4, David J. López-Cortés 3†, Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez 3, Francisco E. Hernández-Sandoval 3 and Dulce V. Ramírez-Rodríguez 1 1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico, 2 CONACYT, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico, 3 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico, 4 CONACYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding taxonomy, bloom dynamics, toxicity, autoecology, and trophic interactions, of saxitoxin producing Edited by: Jorge I. Mardones, dinoflagellates in this region. The dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), bahamense and several species of Alexandrium are saxitoxin producers, and have been Chile responsible of paralytic shellfish poisoning in different regions of Latin America, causing Reviewed by: intoxications and important fisheries losses. The species distribution differ; most harmful Patricio A. Díaz, University of Los Lagos, Chile algal blooms of G. catenatum are from the northern region, however this species has Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald, also been reported in central and southern regions. Blooms of P. bahamense are mostly Swansea University, United Kingdom reported in North and Central America, while blooms of Alexandrium species are more *Correspondence: Christine J. Band-Schmidt common in South America, however this genus is widely spread in Latin America.
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