Leafing Through the Genomes of Our Major Crop Plants: Strategies for Capturing Unique Information
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Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
Thomas Coulter's Californian Exsiccata
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 37 Issue 1 Issue 1–2 Article 2 2019 Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Gary D. (2020) "Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 37: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol37/iss1/2 Aliso, 37(1–2), pp. 1–73 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) PLANTAE COULTERIANAE: THOMAS COULTER’S CALIFORNIAN EXSICCATA Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden [formerly Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden], 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ([email protected]) abstract An account of the extent, diversity, and importance of the Californian collections of Thomas Coulter in the herbarium (TCD) of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, is presented here. It is based on examination of collections in TCD, several other collections available online, and referenced literature. Additional infor- mation on historical context, content of herbarium labels and annotations is included. Coulter’s collections in TCD are less well known than partial duplicate sets at other herbaria. He was the first botanist to cross the desert of southern California to the Colorado River. Coulter’s collections in TCD include not only 60 vascular plant specimens previously unidentified as type material but also among the first moss andmarine algae specimens known to be collected in California. A list of taxa named for Thomas Coulter is included. -
Leveraging the Rice Genome Sequence for Monocot Comparative and Translational Genomics
Theor Appl Genet (2007) 115:237–243 DOI 10.1007/s00122-007-0559-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Leveraging the rice genome sequence for monocot comparative and translational genomics H. C. Lohithaswa · F. A. Feltus · H. P. Singh · C. D. Bacon · C. D. Bailey · A. H. Paterson Received: 12 September 2006 / Accepted: 14 April 2007 / Published online: 24 May 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Common genome anchor points across many Pennisetum (33.3%), Sorghum (47.9%), Zea (33.3%), Triti- taxa greatly facilitate translational and comparative genom- cum (30.2%), and representatives of the palm family ics and will improve our understanding of the Tree of Life. (32.3%) suggest that subsets of these primers will provide To add to the repertoire of genomic tools applicable to the DNA markers suitable for comparative and translational study of monocotyledonous plants in general, we aligned genomics in orphan crops, as well as for applications in Allium and Musa ESTs to Oryza BAC sequences and iden- conservation biology, ecology, invasion biology, popula- tiWed candidate Allium-Oryza and Musa-Oryza conserved tion biology, systematic biology, and related Welds. intron-scanning primers (CISPs). A random sampling of 96 CISP primer pairs, representing loci from 11 of the 12 chro- mosomes in rice, were tested on seven members of the Introduction order Poales and on representatives of the Arecales, Aspar- agales, and Zingiberales monocot orders. The single-copy The angiosperm class Liliopsida (monocots) is thought to ampliWcation success rates of Allium (31.3%), Cynodon have derived from a common ancestral form as determined (31.4%), Hordeum (30.2%), Musa (37.5%), Oryza (61.5%), by morphological and molecular analyses (Chase 1995; Judd et al. -
Sorghum Biology
Sorghum Biology Extract with Executive and Extended Summary, non-active content list and literature list related to the book manuscript Klaus Ammann, [email protected], Version April 20, 2010 and July 2011 Fig. 1 Oklahoma Farm Bureau, Galleries Grain Sorghum http://www.okfarmbureau.org/press_pass/galleries/grainSorghum/Sorghum2.jpg Fig. 2 Schools in West Africa: Students threshing and winnowing sorghum earlier harvested from the school farm. http://wassumbee.blogspot.com/2006/01/schools-in-west-africa-1.html Fig. 3 Lysine Biosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor: GenomeNet Database Service, from KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_pathway?org_name=esbi&mapno=00300 Active contents list for the executive summary of Sorghum Biology Sorghum Biology .................................................................................................................. 1 Extract with Executive Summary, non-active content list and literature list related to the book manuscript .......................................................................................... 1 Active contents list for the executive summary of Sorghum Biology ......................... 3 1. Preface ............................................................................................................................... 5 2a. Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 7 2a.1. General Remarks .................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Genotyping by Sequencing of 393 Sorghum Bicolor Btx623 × IS3620C Recombinant Inbred Lines
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/308478; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Genotyping by sequencing of 393 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 × IS3620C recombinant inbred lines 2 improves sensitivity and resolution of QTL detection 3 4 WenQian Kong *, Changsoo Kim *, Dong Zhang*, Hui Guo*, Xu Tan*, Huizhe Jin*, Chengbo 5 Zhou*, Lan-shuan Shuang *, Valorie Goff *, Uzay Sezen *, Gary Pierce *, Rosana Compton *, 6 Cornelia Lemke *, Jon Robertson *, Lisa Rainville *, Susan Auckland *, Andrew H. Paterson * 7 *Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30605 8 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/308478; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 9 Running Title: GBS of Sorghum bicolor RIL 10 11 Keywords: quantitative trait loci, genetic mapping, plant architecture, flowering, Paleo- 12 duplication 13 14 Corresponding author: Andrew H. Paterson 15 Address: 111 Riverbend Road, RM 228, Athens GA, 30605 16 Email: [email protected] 17 Phone: 1-706-583-0162 18 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/308478; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 19 Abstract 20 We describe a genetic map with a total of 381 bins of 616 genotyping by sequencing 21 (GBS)-based SNP markers in a F6-F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 393 22 individuals derived from crossing S. -
Nr 222 Native Tree, Shrub, & Herbaceous Plant
NR 222 NATIVE TREE, SHRUB, & HERBACEOUS PLANT IDENTIFICATION BY RONALD L. ALVES FALL 2016 Note to Students NOTE TO STUDENTS: THIS DOCUMENT IS INCOMPLETE WITH OMISSIONS, ERRORS, AND OTHER ITEMS OF INCOMPETANCY. AS YOU MAKE USE OF IT NOTE THESE TRANSGRESSIONS SO THAT THEY MAY BE CORRECTED AND YOU WILL RECEIVE A CLEAN COPY BY THE END OF TIME OR THE SEMESTER, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST!! THANKING YOU FOR ANY ASSISTANCE THAT YOU MAY GIVE, RON ALVES. Introduction This manual was initially created by Harold Whaley an MJC Agriculture and Natural Resources instruction from 1964 – 1992. The manual was designed as a resource for a native tree and shrub identification course, Natural Resources 222 that was one of the required courses for all forestry and natural resource majors at the college. The course and the supporting manual were aimed almost exclusively for forestry and related majors. In addition to NR 222 being taught by professor Whaley, it has also been taught by Homer Bowen (MJC 19xx -), Marlies Boyd (MJC 199X – present), Richard Nimphius (MJC 1980 – 2006) and currently Ron Alves (MJC 1974 – 2004). Each instructor put their own particular emphasis and style on the course but it was always oriented toward forestry students until 2006. The lack of forestry majors as a result of the Agriculture Department not having a full time forestry instructor to recruit students and articulate with industry has resulted in a transformation of the NR 222 course. The clientele not only includes forestry majors, but also landscape designers, environmental horticulture majors, nursery people, environmental science majors, and people interested in transforming their home and business landscapes to a more natural venue. -
Detection and Identification of Seed-Borne- Fungi Of
Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Detection and Identification of seed-borne- fungi of Some sorghum varieties under different storage Condition in Sudan ﻛﺷف وﺗﻌرﯾف اﻟﻔطرﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑذور ﺑﻌض أﺻﻧﺎف اﻟذرة ﺗﺣت ظروف ﺗﺧزﯾن ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳودان A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.Sc. Degree in Plant Protection By: Ashraf Mohi Eldien Mohammed Dawod Sudan University of Science and Technology Department of Plant Protection B.Sc. Agric. (Honors), 2003. Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Saeed Mohamed Department of Plant Protection College of Agricultural Studies -Shambat Sudan University of Science and Technology 2016 اﻵﯾﺔ ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ: ﺑﺴﻢ اﻟﻠﮫ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ وَﻗَﺎلَ اﻟْﻤَﻠِﻚُ إِﻧِّﻲ أَر َى ٰ ﺳَﺒْﻊَ ﺑَﻘَﺮ َاتٍ ﺳِﻤَﺎنٍ ﻳَﺄْﻛُﻠُﻬُﻦﱠ ﺳَﺒْﻊٌ ﻋِﺠَﺎف ٌ وَﺳَﺒْﻊَ ﺳُﻨْﺒَُتٍ ﺧُﻀ ْﺮٍ وَأُﺧَﺮ َ ﻳ َﺎ ﻳَﺎﺑِﺴَﺎتٍ ◌ۖأَﻳﱡﻬ َﺎ اﻟْﻤ ََُ أَﻓْﺘُﻮﻧِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ر ُؤْﻳَﺎيَ إِن ْ ﻛُﻨْﺘُﻢ ْ ﻟِﻠﺮﱡؤْﻳَﺎ ﺗَﻌْﺒُﺮ ُون َ ﻗ َ ﺎﻟُﻮا[43] أ َﺿ ْﻐ َ ﺎث ُ أ َﺣ ْ َم ٍ ◌ۖ و َﻣ َﺎ ﻧَﺤ ْﻦ ُ ﺑِﺘَﺄْوِﻳﻞِ اَْﺣ َْمِ ﺑِﻌَﺎﻟِﻤِﻴﻦ َ و َﻗَﺎلَ [44] اﻟﱠﺬِي ﻧَﺠ َﺎ ﻣِﻨْﻬ ُﻤ َﺎ و َادﱠﻛَﺮ َ ﺑ َﻌ ْﺪَ أُﻣﱠﺔٍ أَﻧَﺎ أُﻧَﺒ ِّﺌُﻜُﻢ ْ ﺑِﺘَﺄْوِﻳﻠِﻪِ ﻓَﺄَر ْﺳِﻠُﻮنِ [45] ﻳُﻮﺳُﻒ ُ أَﻳﱡﻬَﺎ اﻟﺼ ّ ِﺪِّﻳﻖُ أَﻓْﺘِﻨَﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺳَﺒْﻊِ ﺑَﻘَﺮ َاتٍ ﺳِﻤَﺎنٍ ﻳَﺄْﻛُﻠُﻬُﻦﱠ ﺳَﺒْﻊٌ ﻋِﺠَﺎف ٌ وَﺳَﺒْﻊِ ﺳُﻨْﺒَُتٍ ﺧُﻀ ْﺮٍ وَأُﺧَﺮ َ ﻳَﺎﺑِﺴَﺎتٍ ﻟَﻌَﻠِّﻲ أَر ْﺟِﻊُ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ِ ﻟَﻌَﻠﱠﻬُﻢ ْ ﻳَﻌْﻠَﻤ ﻗَﺎلَُﻮن َ ﺗَﺰْر [46]َﻋُﻮن َ ﺳَﺒْﻊَ ﺳِﻨِﻴﻦ َ دَأَﺑ ًﺎ ﻓَﻤَﺎ ﺣ َﺼ َﺪْﺗُﻢ ْ ﻓَﺬَر ُوهُ ﻓِﻲ ﺳ ُﻨْﺒ ُﻠِﻪِ إِﱠ ﻗَﻠِﻴً ﻣِﻤﱠﺎ ﺗَﺄْﻛُﻠُ ﻮن َ [47] ﺛ ُﻢ ﱠ ﻳَﺄْﺗِﻲ ﻣِﻦ ْ ﺑَﻌْﺪِ ذَٰﻟِﻚَ ﺳَﺒ ْﻊ ٌ ﺷِﺪَادٌ ﻳَﺄْﻛُﻠْﻦ َﻗَﺪﱠﻣ ﻣ َﺎْﺘُﻢ ْ ﻟَﻬ ُﻦﱠ إِﱠ ﻗَﻠِﻴً ﻣ ِ ﻤ ﱠﺎ ﺗ ُﺤ ْ ﺼ ِ ﻨ ﺛُﻢﱠ ُﻮن ﻳ َ َﺄْﺗِﻲ [48]ﻣِﻦ ْ ﺑ َﻌ ْﺪِ ذَٰﻟِﻚَ ﻋَﺎم ٌ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﻳ ُﻐَ ﺎث ُ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ُ و َ ﻓِﻴﻪ ِ ﻳ َﻌ ْ ﺼ ِ ﺮ ُ ون َ [49] ﺻﺪق اﻟﻠﮫ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ﺳﻮرة ﯾﻮﺳﻒ(49-43) I Dedication To My: Family, Teachers And every Friends. -
Research Article Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of Sorghum Species: Sequence Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships
Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2019, Article ID 5046958, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046958 Research Article Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of Sorghum Species: Sequence Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships Yun Song ,1 Yan Chen,1 Jizhou Lv,2 Jin Xu,1 Shuifang Zhu,1 and MingFu Li 1 1 Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China 2Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yun Song; [email protected] and MingFu Li; [email protected] Received 21 November 2018; Revised 22 January 2019; Accepted 26 February 2019; Published 19 March 2019 Academic Editor: Gerald J. Wyckof Copyright © 2019 Yun Song et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sorghum comprises 31 species that exhibit considerable morphological and ecological diversity. Te phylogenetic relationships among Sorghum species still remain unresolved due to lower information on the traditional DNA markers, which provides a limited resolution for identifying Sorghum species. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of Sorghum sudanense and S. propinquum and analyzed the published chloroplast genomes of S. bicolor and S. timorense to retrieve valuable chloroplast molecular resources for Sorghum. Te chloroplast genomes ranged in length from 140,629 to 140,755 bp, and their gene contents, gene orders, and GC contents were similar to those for other Poaceae species but were slightly diferent in the number of SSRs. -
Naturalisedenvweedlist2007 .Pdf
file: naturalised schedule master list Oct 2007.doc Steve Goosem October2007 Naturalised Plant List - Wet Tropics Bioregion (refer page 13 for records 2002-2007) FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME Year LIFE FORM LIFE Pacific ROC WTMA World IWPW Qld first CYCLE Class category category worst Class recorded 100 Malvaceae Abelmoschus manihot aibika 1976 shrub perennial Mimosaceae Acacia concinna soap pod 1972 shrub perennial 1 Mimosaceae Acacia farnesiana cassie flower 1973 tree perennial D M Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica prickly acacia 2000 shrub perennial 3 H 2 Mimosaceae Acaciella angustissima white ball acacia 1996 shrub perennial Mimosaceae Acaciella glauca redwood 1 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana Fijian fire plant 1969 shrub perennial Asteraceae Acanthospermum hispidum starburr 1964 forb annual Polygonaceae Acetosella vulgaris sorrel 1958 forb perennial Fabaceae Aeschynomene americana var. American jointvetch 1983 forb annual americana Fabaceae Aeschynomene indica budda pea 1981 forb annual Fabaceae Aeschynomene micranthos 1992 forb Fabaceae Aeschynomene villosa hairy jointvetch 1934 forb Asteraceae Ageratina riparia mistflower 1996 shrub, forb perennial 4 2 H Asteraceae Ageratina riparia mist flower 1996 forb perennial Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides bluetop, billygoat weed 1964 forb annual Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum dark bluetop 1993 forb annual Araceae Aglaonema commutatum Philippine evergreen 2000 forb perennial Apocynaceae Allamanda blanchetii purple allamanda 2000 vine perennial Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica yellow allamanda 1990 -
African Sorghum-Based Fermented Foods: Past, Current and Future Prospects
nutrients Review African Sorghum-Based Fermented Foods: Past, Current and Future Prospects Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg (Doornfontein Campus), P.O. Box 17011 Johannesburg, Gauteng 2028, South Africa; [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-559-6261 Received: 28 February 2020; Accepted: 14 April 2020; Published: 16 April 2020 Abstract: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a well-known drought and climate resistant crop with vast food use for the inhabitants of Africa and other developing countries. The importance of this crop is well reflected in its embedded benefits and use as a staple food, with fermentation playing a significant role in transforming this crop into an edible form. Although the majority of these fermented food products evolve from ethnic groups and rural communities, industrialization and the application of improved food processing techniques have led to the commercial success and viability of derived products. While some of these sorghum-based fermented food products still continue to bask in this success, much more still needs to be done to further explore evolving techniques, technologies and processes. The addition of other affordable nutrient sources in sorghum-based fermented foods is equally important, as this will effectively augment the intake of a nutritionally balanced product. Keywords: sorghum; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria; fermented products; food security; 4th industrial revolution (4IR) 1. Introduction In terms of production quantity, sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize and barley, and the most grown cereal in Sub-Saharan Africa, after maize [1–3]. -
Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored
L ATIN for GARDENERS ACANTHUS bear’s breeches Lorraine Harrison is the author of several books, including Inspiring Sussex Gardeners, The Shaker Book of the Garden, How to Read Gardens, and A Potted History of Vegetables: A Kitchen Cornucopia. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 © 2012 Quid Publishing Conceived, designed and produced by Quid Publishing Level 4, Sheridan House 114 Western Road Hove BN3 1DD England Designed by Lindsey Johns All rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in China 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrison, Lorraine. Latin for gardeners : over 3,000 plant names explained and explored / Lorraine Harrison. pages ; cm ISBN 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth : alkaline paper) — ISBN (invalid) 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) 1. Latin language—Etymology—Names—Dictionaries. 2. Latin language—Technical Latin—Dictionaries. 3. Plants—Nomenclature—Dictionaries—Latin. 4. Plants—History. I. Title. PA2387.H37 2012 580.1’4—dc23 2012020837 ∞ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). L ATIN for GARDENERS Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored LORRAINE HARRISON The University of Chicago Press Contents Preface 6 How to Use This Book 8 A Short History of Botanical Latin 9 Jasminum, Botanical Latin for Beginners 10 jasmine (p. 116) An Introduction to the A–Z Listings 13 THE A-Z LISTINGS OF LatIN PlaNT NAMES A from a- to azureus 14 B from babylonicus to byzantinus 37 C from cacaliifolius to cytisoides 45 D from dactyliferus to dyerianum 69 E from e- to eyriesii 79 F from fabaceus to futilis 85 G from gaditanus to gymnocarpus 94 H from haastii to hystrix 102 I from ibericus to ixocarpus 109 J from jacobaeus to juvenilis 115 K from kamtschaticus to kurdicus 117 L from labiatus to lysimachioides 118 Tropaeolum majus, M from macedonicus to myrtifolius 129 nasturtium (p. -
A Synthesis of Natural Resource Information for George Washington Birthplace National Monument
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Northeast Region Philadelphia, Pennsylvania A Synthesis of Natural Resource Information for George Washington Birthplace National Monument Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR—2007/077 ON THE COVER Sunset photographs at George Washington Birthplace National Monument Photograph by: James Laray, National Park Service A Synthesis of Natural Resource Information for George Washington Birthplace National Monument Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR—2007/077 Gary B. Blank1, Michael S. Martin1, Criss Swaim2, and Hugh A. Devine1 1North Carolina State University College of Natural Resources Raleigh, NC 27695 2The Pineridge Group, Inc. Raleigh, NC 27606 March 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Northeast Region Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Northeast Region of the National Park Service (NPS) comprises national parks and related areas in 13 New England and Mid-Atlantic states. The diversity of parks and their resources are reflected in their designations as national parks, seashores, historic sites, recreation areas, military parks, memorials, and rivers and trails. Biological, physical, and social science research results, natural resource inventory and monitoring data, scientific literature reviews, bibliographies, and proceedings of technical workshops and conferences related to these park units are disseminated through the NPS/NER Technical Report (NRTR) and Natural Resources Report (NRR) series. The reports are a continuation of series with previous acronyms of NPS/PHSO, NPS/MAR, NPS/BSO-RNR, and NPS/NERBOST. Individual parks may also disseminate information through their own report series. Natural Resources Reports are the designated medium for information on technologies and resource management methods; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; and natural resource program descriptions and resource action plans.