DOCSLIB.ORG

Female Genital Mutilation Or Female Circumcision

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Female Genital Mutilation Or Female Circumcision FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION AMONG CANADIAN-SOMALIS BREAKING WITH TRADITION: FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION OR FEMALE CIRCUMCISION AMONG CANADIAN-SOMALIS IN SOUTHERN ONT ARIO By CHRISTINA ROSE GAL, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment ofthe Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Christina Rose Gal, April 1998 MASTER OF ARTS (1998) McMaster University (Anthropology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Breaking With Tradition: Female Genital Mutilation or Female Circumcision Among Canadian-Somalis in Southern Ontario. AUTHOR: Christina Rose Gal, B.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor E. Glanville NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 117 11 ABSTRACT Allegations by the Canadian media that the Canadian-Somali population has been continuing its traditional practice of Female Circumcision (FC) or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Canada despite its illegality was questioned in this thesis. Through qualitative interviews undertaken with fourteen members of the Somali community in Southern Ontario, it was discovered that the respondents do not believe the practice is being continued in Canada. Their views concur with those ofthe Ministry ofHealth - Canada which claims that to date, not a single case ofFC/FGM being performed in Canada has been substantiated. The respondents credit their voluntary abandonment of the practice primarily to anti-FGM campaigns that were supported in the urban regions of Somalia from the 1970s until the onset ofthe Somali civil war in the late 1980s. A secondary deterrent is the fact that the practice is illegal in Canada. Present anti-FGM programs in Canada were deemed necessary by the respondents to reach the minority of individuals who might seek to continue the practice in Canada. Such programs, however, also serve to provide support to circumcised women living in Canada, as well as to provide education about health care in general. Non-FC/FGM related health concerns were deemed more pressing to the Canadian-Somali community, namely, lack of employment, overcrowded living conditions, and inability to access proper health care. Consequently, the respondents were critical of the Canadian media's approach to FC/FGM since the media has neglected to consider other, and in their view, more immediate health concerns faced by the Canadian-Somali community. lll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Much support and encouragement was provided to me by a number of people throughout the development and writing of this thesis. Foremost, I must acknowledge the contribution ofmy respondents, particularly those from the Somali community. Specifically, I must name Dr. Saida Ahmed, who was always willing to assist me in locating interviewees, acting as an interpreter, proof-reading, or discussing ideas. Thank-you for your much needed support, insights, knowledge, and friendship. Without your assistance, this thesis would never have come into being. I would also like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Edward Glanville, for his patience and understanding. His kind encouragement provided me with much needed grounding which was very appreciated. I must also thank Dr. Petra Rethmann, a member ofmy thesis committee, for her ability to motivate me into becoming both a better writer and researcher. I will always be grateful for your criticisms and for the opportunity to work under your guidance. I need to also give thanks to Dr. Paul Younger, whose influence as my undergraduate thesis advisor ultimately led me towards similar research in my Master's Degree. Thank-you for 'coming on board' once again on my thesis committee. As well, I must thank Ms. Kathy Mattern. Her assistance in locating contacts, and willingness to share information is much recognized and appreciated. I would also like to thank my partner Norman Shumacher, B. Kin., for his assistance throughout the entire process of this thesis, from its initial development, editing, to final submission. Without your support and good humour, this would have taken a lot longer to finish. Finally, to the Anthropology Department, thank-you for making my graduate studies at McMaster an enjoyable experience. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 Chapter Two: Background Issues ....................................................................................4 Chapter Three: Methodology.......................................................................................... 29 Chapter Four: The Respondents and Their Voices .........................................................33 Chapter Five: "You cannot escape, you cannot leave." Transformations of Self and Social Identities ...................................................................................................79 Chapter Six: "I thought they killed that subject to death!" Non-FC/FGM Health Concerns ofthe Canadian-Somali Community ............................................................93 Chapter Seven: Conclusions ............................................................................................. 109 References Cite.d .......................................................................................................... 112 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Respondents' Ages ............................................................................................... 3 4 Table 2. Education Levels Prior to Immigration ................................................................35 Table 3. Types ofCircumcisions..................................................................................... 36 Vl CHAPTER ONE: Introduction Over the past several years, the Somali community in Canada has received popular media attention. This is due to alleged controversial decisions of some African immigrants to continue their cultural tradition of practising female 'circumcision' (FC) or female genital mutilation (FGM) on their daughters (Steed 1994) despite the fact that it violates Canadian law (Mosley 1992). Overwhelmingly, the media has highlighted FC as a harmful practice. Moreover, as numbers ofimmigrants from countries that traditionally support the practice rise in Canada, 1 government interest in the practice has similarly increased. Such interest has sparked the development ofan interdepartmental committee, including the Ministry ofHealth and the Department of Justice, to examine the situation. Further, this attention has recently instigated major changes within the Canadian Ministry of Justice which, prior to 1996, felt that despite anti-FGM groups' demands to the contrary, a specific law against FGM was unnecessary because it was currently deemed illegal under existing laws. However, as of March 26, 1997, a specific law was passed under Bill C27 that specifically defines and cites FGM as an illegal activity (Department ofJustice: 1997). What is remarkable, however, is how the voice ofthe Somali community is, with few exceptions, largely absent from such reports. As well, these reports do not take into account 1 Some 25,000 to 70,000 Somali refugees have immigrated to Canada over the past decade, with the majority settling in the Metropolitan Toronto region (Opoku­ Dapaah 1995). 1 2 the fact that anti-FGM programs had been supported in Somalia's urban centres for over 20 years prior to its recent civil war. This raises the question as to whether or not such a portrayal by the media is truly representative of what is actually occurring within the Canadian-Somali community. Is there truly a need for these government interventions? Are Somalis still practising, or desiring to practice FC in Canada? Ifnot, how have these men and women come to abandon a practice that traditionally contains so much cultural significance and for centuries has comprised part of Somali individual and group identity? Moreover, if the media is misrepresenting the Somali community, what key issues important to Canadian­ Somalis are being ignored? Based on open-ended interviews with members ofthe Somali community in southern Ontario, my thesis seeks to answer these questions. By developing an understanding of changing attitudes ofrecent Somali immigrants to Canada towards the practice, my aims are to determine whether or not FC/FGM will be a future issue of concern for the Canadian­ Somali community. Consequently, this thesis will seek to understand both traditional and current meanings ofFC to Somali immigrants in Canada; why changes, if any, have occurred; determine the Somali community's vision of the future of the practice; and present an opportunity for the respondents to voice concerns that they believe are being over-shadowed due to an arguably disproportionate amount of attention paid to FC/FGM at the expense of other health concern issues. The thesis comprises seven chapters. The first part ofthe thesis will place FC/FGM in a historical context, followed by an outline of its methodology. The second part of the 3 thesis presents, in narrative form, the data gathered from the respondents. Next, an examination of issues of female and male Somali identity in relation to how the respondents struggled with removing FC/FGM from their culturally learned concepts ofwomanhood and manhood will be undertaken. Finally, the last chapters will critically examine health-related areas of concern that the respondents feel are overshadowed by or even deemed more pressing than FC/FGM and address the responsibility ofthe media in its portrayal of health concerns in Canada. CHAPTER
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender and the Violence(S) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES in CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM and SOCIAL CHANGE
    Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES IN CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE Series Editors Sandra Walklate, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia. Kate Fitz-Gibbon, School of Social Sciences at Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. Jude McCulloch, Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. JaneMaree Maher, Centre for Women’s Studies and Gender Research, Sociology, Monash University, Australia. Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change offers a platform for innovative, engaged, and forward-looking feminist-informed work to explore the interconnections between social change and the capacity of criminology to grap- ple with the implications of such change. Social change, whether as a result of the movement of peoples, the impact of new technologies, the potential consequences of climate change, or more commonly identified features of changing societies, such as ageing populations, inter-genera- tional conflict, the changing nature of work, increasing awareness of the problem of gendered violence(s), and/or changing economic and political context, takes its toll across the globe in infinitely more nuanced and inter-connected ways than previously imagined. Each of these connections carry implications for what is understood as crime, the criminal, the victim of crime and the capacity of criminology as a disci- pline to make sense of these evolving interconnections. Feminist analysis, despite its contentious relationship with the discipline of criminology, has much to offer in strengthening the discipline to better understand the complexity of the world in the twenty-first century and to scan the horizon for emerging, possible or likely futures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Systematic Use of Sexual Violence in Genocide — Understanding Why Women Are Being Targeted Using the Cases of Rwanda and the Former Yugoslavia ! ! !
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The systematic use of sexual violence in genocide — understanding why women are being targeted using the cases of Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia ! ! ! Author: Viktoria Nicolaisen Supervisor: Dr. Minoo Koefoed, Gothenburg University May 29, 2019 ! ! This thesis is submitted for obtaining the Master’s Degree in International Humanitarian Action and Conflict. By submitting the thesis, the author certifies that the text is from her hand, does not include the work of someone else unless clearly indicated, and that the thesis has been produced in accordance with proper academic practices. Abstract When describing sexual violence as a ’weapon of war’ or as systematic in the setting of a conflict, many times there is no distinction between how it is used during different types of conflicts. Moreover, they are often discussed as either a crime against the ”enemy” or a crime against women. This research seeks to describe sexual violence during the genocides of Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia and to find whether there is an underlying genocidal intent. It also aims to emphasize the intersectional nature of such crimes — the targeting of a woman on the basis of both gender and group belonging. ! With the use of books, journal and research articles, reports and interview transcripts — this paper is based on a qualitative research method aiming to describe the underlying intent of the strategic use of sexual violence targeting women in genocide. It is the interpretation of the gathered material and theories which enables the discussion to take form. The genocidal intent behind rapes and sexual violence is not only to use women as reproductive vessels, prevent births within a group and inflict such injuries that would make a woman suffer and become less worthy in her community — but also to humiliate a group through sexual violence in a way that fragments it into elimination.
    [Show full text]
  • Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’S 2013 Thematic Report TORTURE in HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
    Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report TORTURE IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: IN HEALTHCARE TORTURE Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report Torture’s Reflections on the Special Rapporteur CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & HUMANITARIAN LAW Anti-Torture Initiative Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & HUMANITARIAN LAW Anti-Torture Initiative ii TORTURE IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report Table of Contents vii Acknowledgments ix About the Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law and the Anti-Torture Initiative xi About the Mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture xiii Foreword: Hadar Harris xv Introduction: Juan E. Méndez 1 I. The Prohibition of Torture and the Right to Health: An Overview 3 A Contribution by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health: Right to Health and Freedom from Torture and Ill-Treatment in Health Care Settings Anand Grover & Jamshid Gaziyev 19 The Problem of Torture in Health Care Tamar Ezer, Jonathan Cohen, Ryan Quinn 43 The U.N. Committee Against Torture and the Eradication of Torture in Health Care Settings Claudio Grossman 49 II. Abusive Practices in Health Care Settings and International Human Rights Law: Reflections 51 Torture or Ill-Treatment in Reproductive Health Care: A Form of Gender Discrimination Luisa Cabal & Amanda McRae 65 Poor Access to Comprehensive Prenatal
    [Show full text]
  • The Body Weaponized
    SDI0010.1177/0967010619895663Security DialogueKirby 895663research-article2020 Special issue on Becoming War Security Dialogue 2020, Vol. 51(2-3) 211 –230 The body weaponized: War, sexual © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: violence and the uncanny sagepub.com/journals-permissions https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010619895663DOI: 10.1177/0967010619895663 journals.sagepub.com/home/sdi Paul Kirby London School of Economics and Political Science, UK Abstract It is today common to argue that rape is a weapon, tool or instrument of warfare. One implication is that armed groups marshal body parts for tactical and strategic ends. In this article, I interrogate this discourse of embodied mobilization to explore how body weaponry has been made intelligible as a medium for sexual violence. First, I show that, despite wide rejection of essentialist models, the penis and penis substitutes continue to occupy a constitutive role in discussions of sexual violence in both political and academic fora, where they are often said to be like weapons, a tendency I term ‘weapon talk’. Second, I trace the image of the body weapon in key threads of feminist theorizing and commentary, to show how the penis has appeared as a ‘basic weapon of force’ in various permutations. Third, I explore the weaponization of the body as it appears in military thought and in the cultural circulation of ideas about the soldiering body in which sexual pleasure and violence are frequently conflated. Building on this foundation, I propose that these literatures collectively describe an uncanny weapon object, and I draw out the significance of this term for feminist security studies and martial empiricism.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues Surrounding Rape and Sexual Torture of Men in Conflict Situations
    Compromised Masculinities: Issues Surrounding Rape and Sexual Torture of Men in Conflict Situations by Tina A. Sorensen A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Sociology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2011 by Tina A. Sorensen Abstract This thesis explores media reporting on wartime sexual violence against men, set against commonly-held notions of gender and masculinity, to uncover how male sexual victimization is constructed and discussed. A discourse analysis of several daily newspapers was conducted. Findings show that there was little sustained discussion to analyse; martial sexual violence against men was referred to more often than expected, but descriptions were fleeting and limited in terms of the information provided. An examination of media reporting on female rape during conflicts emerged from this analysis, and we see a clear difference in the way the media reports about sexual victimization of male and female victims. It was concluded that the way in which male and female sexual victimization is reported is influenced and shaped by gender stereotypes, contains gendered language, and contributes to the perpetuation of both male and female rape myths. 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee members for their assistance and advice, most notably their great effort, and the time they took out of their busy schedules to help me in completing this thesis. I thank Professor Adam Muller (external) Department of English, Film and Theatre, Professor Tami Jacoby (external) Department of Political Studies, Professor Christopher Powell (internal) Department of Sociology, and Professor Andrew Woolford (advisor) Department of Sociology.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Jurisprudence for Gender Crimes?
    GENDER JURISPRUDENCE FOR ICD Brief 20 June 2016 GENDER CRIMES? Laetitia Ruiz www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org ABSTRACT The gendered nature of international criminal courts/tribunals and international criminal and humanitarian law has been widely discussed in feminist literature. However, the idea that international criminal law and the practice of international criminal courts and tribunals could be gendered in a way that does not recognize the harms inflicted upon men has rarely been explored. This paper explores international humanitarian law (IHL), international criminal law (ICL) and the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and aims at showing that the international legal order – which normally privileges the male experience of conflict – does not always recognize the harms inflicted upon men. As a result, this paper argues that the jurisprudence of the ICTY communicates a certain idea of gender which may, ultimately, further entrench the norms which lead to the silencing of male sexual victimization. I. INTRODUCTION The main idea directing this paper is not new. Indeed, reflecting on the possibility that international humanitarian law (IHL), international criminal law (ICL) and the practice of international criminal courts and tribunals is gendered has been widely discussed in feminist literature for several decades.1 This body of feminist literature has centered around gender- based crimes committed against women and their lack of recognition in international law along with devising reforms to effect change in the law applied by international criminal courts/tribunals and their practice in prosecuting these crimes. However, examining the pervasiveness of gender norms in these domains in a way that silences or misrecognizes the harm suffered by men in conflict situations has been explored to a much lesser extent and this article intends to shed some light on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathy Trask, Monstrosity, and Gender-Based Fears in John Steinbeckâ•Žs East of Eden
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2014-06-01 Cathy Trask, Monstrosity, and Gender-Based Fears in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden Claire Warnick Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Classics Commons, and the Comparative Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Warnick, Claire, "Cathy Trask, Monstrosity, and Gender-Based Fears in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 5282. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5282 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Cathy Trask, Monstrosity, and Gender-Based Fears in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden Claire Warnick A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Carl H. Sederholm, Chair Francesca R. Lawson Kerry D. Soper Department of Humanities, Classics, and Comparative Literature Brigham Young University June 2014 Copyright © 2014 Claire Warnick All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Cathy Trask, Monstrosity, and Gender-Based Fears in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden Claire Warnick Department of Humanities, Classics, and Comparative Literature, BYU Master of Arts In recent years, the concept of monstrosity has received renewed attention by literary critics. Much of this criticism has focused on horror texts and other texts that depict supernatural monsters. However, the way that monster theory explores the connection between specific cultures and their monsters illuminates not only our understanding of horror texts, but also our understanding of any significant cultural artwork.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Murder and Adultery in Late Imperial China
    MURDER AND ADULTERY IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA : A STUDY OF LAW AND MORALITY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Meijer | 138 pages | 01 Jan 1991 | Brill | 9789004092730 | English | Leiden, Netherlands Murder and adultery in Late Imperial China : A study of law and morality PDF Book Most relevant to this study is the reaction of provincial judicial officials to imperial intervention. At this point Huang became desperate. Find in a library. Manuals and petitions : commercial problem solving in late imperial China Author Lufrano, Richard John, Published The second section, however, was enriched by 34 additional articles through legislation and judicial practice, which with a view to promoting moral purity in society, gradually circumvented the original restrictions to the husband's fury. The New York Times. The French translation was published in Devon Williams added it Nov 07, In roughly six months Wenqi had lost his closest living relatives and he had sold his wife. On the morning of 13 June , 53 it rained, and Wang Chen decided it was a good time to plant soy beans. Because there are still existing alive concubines married before the Marriage Reform Ordinance Cap. Palgrave Macmillan. So saying, the magistrate alone was responsible for the accuracy of the report and judicial affairs were carefully scrutinized and evaluated. Bary, T. Depending on the crime, bare stick would be better translated as hoodlum, rapist, swindler, extortionist, or gangster. Dong was a mean person who never displayed kindness to her nephew. Peter Woo marked it as to-read Jul 13, Ostensibly, the role of the county magistrate in adjudicating capital crimes was strictly limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Do We Go from Here? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And
    University of California, Hastings College of the Law UC Hastings Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 1999 Roundtable Discussion: Where Do We Go From Here? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Civil Rights Into the Next Millennium Matt olesC UC Hastings College of the Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship Recommended Citation Matt oC les, Roundtable Discussion: Where Do We Go From Here? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Civil Rights Into the Next Millennium, 27 Fordham Urb. L.J. 285 (1999). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/1609 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. QUEER LAW 1999 CURRENT ISSUES IN LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDERED LAW THIS CONFERENCE IS A JOINT EFFORT OF. THE LESBIAN AND GAY LAW ASSOCIATION FOUNDATION OF GREATER NEW YORK (LEGAL FOUNDATION) AND THE GAY AND LESBIAN LAW ASSOCIATION (GALLA) OF FORDHAM UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW 279 280 FORDHAM URBAN LAW JOURNAL [Vol. XXVII QUEER LAW 1999 CURRENT ISSUES IN LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDERED LAW This Conference is a Joint Effort of The Lesbian and Gay Law Association Foundation of Greater New York (LeGaL Foundation) and the Gay and Lesbian Law Association (GALLA) of Fordham University School of Law LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ALEXIS BADEN-MAYER KATE DIAZ, ESQ. CYNTHIA R. KERN 1998 Associate CUNY Law School Dr. M.L. "Hank" Henry Fellow Walker, Morgan & Finnegan Class of '99 JACK BATTAGLIA LAURA EDIDIN PROF.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual and Gender Based Violence : a Glossary from a to Z, FIDH
    GUIDE Sexual and gender-based violence: A glossary from A to Z FIDH.org AFGHANISTAN ARMANSHAHR/OPEN ASIA | ALBANIA ALBANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP (AHRG) ALGERIA COLLECTIF DES FAMILLES DE DISPARU(E)S EN ALGÉRIE (CFDA), LIGUE ALGÉRIENNE POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LADDH) | ANGOLA ASSOCIAÇÃO JUSTIÇA, PAZ E DEMOCRACIA (AJPD) ARGENTINA CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS LEGALES Y SOCIALES (CELS), COMITÉ DE ACCIÓN JURÍDICA (CAJ), LIGA ARGENTINA POR LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (LADH) | ARMENIA CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTE (CSI) AUSTRIA ÖSTERREICHISCHE LIGA FÜR MENSCHENRECHTE (OLFM) | AZERBAIJAN HUMAN RIGHTS CLUB (HRC) BAHRAIN BAHRAIN CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (BCHR), BAHRAIN HUMAN RIGHTS SOCIETY (BHRS) BANGLADESH ODHIKAR | BELARUS HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER “VIASNA” | BELGIUM LIGA VOOR MENSENRECHTEN (LVM), LIGUE DES DROITS DE HUMAINS—BELGIQUE (LDH) | BOLIVIA ASAMBLEA PERMANENTE DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE BOLIVIA (APDHB) | BOTSWANA THE BOTSWANA CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS—DITSHWANELO BRAZIL JUSTIÇA GLOBAL (CJG), MOVIMENTO NACIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (MNDH) | BURKINA FASO MOUVEMENT BURKINABÉ DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET DES PEUPLES (MBDHP) | BURUNDI LIGUE BURUNDAISE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME « ITEKA » | CAMBODIA CAMBODIAN HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (ADHOC), CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROTECTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS (LICADHO) | CAMEROON MAISON DES DROITS DE L’HOMME DU CAMEROUN (MDHC) | CANADA CANADIAN CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE (CCIJ), LIGUE DES DROITS ET DES LIBERTÉS DU QUÉBEC (LDL) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC LIGUE CENTRAFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LCDH), OBSERVATOIRE
    [Show full text]
  • Sex and Sexuality in Contemporary Female-Authored Spanish Drama
    EROTICIZING THE MARGINS: SEX AND SEXUALITY IN CONTEMPORARY FEMALE-AUTHORED SPANISH DRAMA Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Laurie Lynne Urraro, B.A., M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Stephen Summerhill, Adviser Elizabeth Davis Rebecca Haidt Copyrighted by Laurie Lynne Urraro 2011 Abstract This dissertation fixes a critical eye on the multiple uses of sex and sexuality in the works of four contemporary Spanish playwrights: Paloma Pedrero, Yolanda Pallín, Yolanda Dorado, and Margarita Reiz. All four authors examine issues of sexuality in their plays with regard to the characters, and demonstrate how these issues are inflected by the body and power. This project specifically seeks to analyze crisscrossed sexes and sexualities at the threshold of the difference between the sexes, as well as the notion of (em)powered bodies as they become manifest through the characters in two plays by each of the four authors. While the approach of each is different, the four playwrights in this study all present sex and the sexual in ways that undo typical, normative, or binarized views of such topics and instead proffer means of consideration that concentrate more on the interstices and slippages between traditional categories or manifestations, and, as such, merit inclusion in this project. The theoretical framework implements postmodern theories of gender and sexuality throughout the entire study, drawing chiefly from Judith Butler, whose theorizations seek to move hegemonic views of sexuality and gender away from the binarized notion of ‗male‘/ ‗female‘ and toward the margins, where much deeper meaning may be derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’S 2013 Thematic Report TORTURE in HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
    Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report TORTURE IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: IN HEALTHCARE TORTURE Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report Torture’s Reflections on the Special Rapporteur CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & HUMANITARIAN LAW Anti-Torture Initiative Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & HUMANITARIAN LAW Anti-Torture Initiative ii TORTURE IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture’s 2013 Thematic Report Table of Contents vii Acknowledgments ix About the Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law and the Anti-Torture Initiative xi About the Mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture xiii Foreword: Hadar Harris xv Introduction: Juan E. Méndez 1 I. The Prohibition of Torture and the Right to Health: An Overview 3 A Contribution by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health: Right to Health and Freedom from Torture and Ill-Treatment in Health Care Settings Anand Grover & Jamshid Gaziyev 19 The Problem of Torture in Health Care Tamar Ezer, Jonathan Cohen, Ryan Quinn 43 The U.N. Committee Against Torture and the Eradication of Torture in Health Care Settings Claudio Grossman 49 II. Abusive Practices in Health Care Settings and International Human Rights Law: Reflections 51 Torture or Ill-Treatment in Reproductive Health Care: A Form of Gender Discrimination Luisa Cabal & Amanda McRae 65 Poor Access to Comprehensive Prenatal
    [Show full text]