DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual and Gender Based Violence : a Glossary from a to Z, FIDH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual and Gender Based Violence : a Glossary from a to Z, FIDH GUIDE Sexual and gender-based violence: A glossary from A to Z FIDH.org AFGHANISTAN ARMANSHAHR/OPEN ASIA | ALBANIA ALBANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP (AHRG) ALGERIA COLLECTIF DES FAMILLES DE DISPARU(E)S EN ALGÉRIE (CFDA), LIGUE ALGÉRIENNE POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LADDH) | ANGOLA ASSOCIAÇÃO JUSTIÇA, PAZ E DEMOCRACIA (AJPD) ARGENTINA CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS LEGALES Y SOCIALES (CELS), COMITÉ DE ACCIÓN JURÍDICA (CAJ), LIGA ARGENTINA POR LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (LADH) | ARMENIA CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTE (CSI) AUSTRIA ÖSTERREICHISCHE LIGA FÜR MENSCHENRECHTE (OLFM) | AZERBAIJAN HUMAN RIGHTS CLUB (HRC) BAHRAIN BAHRAIN CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (BCHR), BAHRAIN HUMAN RIGHTS SOCIETY (BHRS) BANGLADESH ODHIKAR | BELARUS HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER “VIASNA” | BELGIUM LIGA VOOR MENSENRECHTEN (LVM), LIGUE DES DROITS DE HUMAINS—BELGIQUE (LDH) | BOLIVIA ASAMBLEA PERMANENTE DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE BOLIVIA (APDHB) | BOTSWANA THE BOTSWANA CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS—DITSHWANELO BRAZIL JUSTIÇA GLOBAL (CJG), MOVIMENTO NACIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (MNDH) | BURKINA FASO MOUVEMENT BURKINABÉ DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET DES PEUPLES (MBDHP) | BURUNDI LIGUE BURUNDAISE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME « ITEKA » | CAMBODIA CAMBODIAN HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (ADHOC), CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROTECTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS (LICADHO) | CAMEROON MAISON DES DROITS DE L’HOMME DU CAMEROUN (MDHC) | CANADA CANADIAN CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE (CCIJ), LIGUE DES DROITS ET DES LIBERTÉS DU QUÉBEC (LDL) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC LIGUE CENTRAFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LCDH), OBSERVATOIRE Sexual and gender-based violence: CENTRAFRICAIN DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (OCDH) | CHAD ASSOCIATION TCHADIENNE POUR LA PROMOTION ET LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (ATPDH), LIGUE TCHADIENNE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LTDH) A glossary from A to Z CHILE CORPORACIÓN DE PROMOCIÓN Y DEFENSA DE LOS DERECHOS DEL PUEBLO (CODEPU), OBSERVATORIO CIUDADANO | CHINA CHINA LABOUR BULLETIN (CLB), HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA (HRIC) COLOMBIA CORPORACIÓN COLECTIVO DE ABOGADOS “JOSÉ ALVEAR RESTREPO” (CCAJAR), COMITÉ PERMANENTE POR LA DEFENSA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (CPDH), INSTITUTO LATINOAMERICANO DE SERVICIOS LEGALES ALTERNATIVOS (ILSA), ORGANIZACIÓN FEMENINA POPULAR (OFP) CONGO‑BRAZAVILLE OBSERVATOIRE CONGOLAIS DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (OCDH) | CROATIA CIVIC COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (CCHR) | CUBA COMISIÓN CUBANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS Y RECONCILIACIÓN NACIONAL (CCDHRN) | CZECH REPUBLIC LIGA LIDSKYCH PRAV (HUMAN RIGHTS LEAGUE) (HRL) | DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ASSOCIATION AFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (ASADHO), GROUPE LOTUS, LIGUE DES ÉLECTEURS (LE) | DJIBOUTI LIGUE DJIBOUTIENNE DES DROITS HUMAINS (LDDH) | DOMINICAN REPUBLIC COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (CNDH‑RD) ECUADOR ACCIÓN ECOLÓGICA, COMISIÓN ECUMÉNICA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS (CEDHU), FUNDACIÓN REGIONAL DE ASESORIA EN DERECHOS HUMANOS (INREDH) | EGYPT CAIRO INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS STUDIES (CIHRS), EGYPTIAN INITIATIVE FOR PERSONAL RIGHTS (EIPR), HUMAN RIGHTS ASSOCIATION FOR THE ASSISTANCE OF PRISONERS (HRAAP) | EL SALVADOR COMISIÓN DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DEL SALVADOR (CDHES) | ETHIOPIA HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (HRCO) | FINLAND FINNISH LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (FLHR)—IHMISOIKEUSLIITTO | FRANCE ASSOCIATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (AEDH), LIGUE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (LDH) | GEORGIA HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER (HRIDC) GERMANY INTERNATIONALE LIGA FÜR MENSCHENRECHTE (ILMR) | GREECE HELLENIC LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (HLHR) | GUATEMALA CENTRO PARA LA ACCIÓN LEGAL EN DERECHOS HUMANOS (CALDH) GUINEA MÊMES DROITS POUR TOUS—GUINEE, (MDT), ORGANISATION GUINÉENNE POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME (OGDH) | GUINEA‑BISSAU LIGA GUINEENSE DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS (LGDH) | GULF GULF CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (GCHR) | HAITI CENTRE ŒCUMÉNIQUE DES DROITS HUMAINS (CEDH), RÉSEAU NATIONAL DE DÉFENSE DES DROITS HUMAINS (RNDDH), SOLIDARITÉ FANM AYISYÈN (SOFA) HONDURAS CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (CIPRODEH), COMITÉ DE FAMILIARES DE DETENIDOS‑DESAPARECIDOS EN HONDURAS (COFADEH) | HUNGARY HUNGARIAN HELSINKI COMMITTEE (HHC) | INDIA ASSOCIATION OF PARENTS OF DISAPPEARED PERSONS (APDP), COMMONWEALTH HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVE (CHRI), PEOPLE’S WATCH | INDONESIA KONTRAS IRAN DEFENDERS OF HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER IN IRAN (DHRC), JUSTICE FOR IRAN (JFI), LIGUE DE DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EN IRAN (LDDHI) | IRELAND FREE LEGAL ADVICE CENTRES (FLAC), IRISH COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES (ICCL) | ISRAEL ADALAH, ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL (ACRI), B’TSELEM, PUBLIC COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE IN ISRAEL (PCATI) | ITALY LEGA ITALIANA DEI DIRITTI DELL’UOMO (LIDU ONLUS), This publication has been produced with the generous support from the Ministry of UNIONE FORENSE PER LA TUTELA DEI DIRITTI UMANI (UFTDU) | IVORY COAST LIGUE IVOIRIENNE DES DROITS Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the Agence française de Développement (AFD). DE L’HOMME (LIDHO), MOUVEMENT IVOIRIEN DES DROITS HUMAINS (MIDH) | JAPAN CENTER FOR PRISONERS’ The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of FIDH and can in no way RIGHTS (CPR) | JORDAN AMMAN CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS STUDIES (ACHRS) | KAZAKHSTAN INTERNATIONAL be taken to reflect the views of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands or the LEGAL INITIATIVE (ILI), KAZAKHSTAN INTERNATIONAL BUREAU FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND RULE OF LAW (KIBHR) Agence française de Développement (AFD). 4–5 List of terms A Abortion G Gender S Sexual crimes Accountability Gender-based violence Sexual violence 12 84 156 and discrimination Aggravating circumstances Slavery (sexual) Gender bias Armed conflict SOGI (sexual orientation Genital mutilation and gender identity) rights Autonomy (Personal) Genocide Stigmatisation C Child abuse Gratification (sexual) Survivor Child recruitment 28 (child soldiers) Torture Human rights T Confidentiality H Trafficking (human/sex) 170 100 Consent (informed) Transitional justice Consent to sexual activity Impunity Trauma (psycho-traumatic İ disorder) Crimes against humanity International Criminal Law 106 Cruel, inhuman or degrading International Humanitarian Universal jurisdiction acts, treatments and Law U punishments 182 Liability (modes of) Domestic violence L Victim D 114 V “Do no Harm” principle Victim-blaming 50 186 Due diligence M Marriage Victim-centred approach Myths and stereotypes Virginity testing 118 E Enforced prostitution (gender) Enforced sterilisation War crimes 60 W Evidence (non-admissible) Polygamy Weapon of war P 196 Exploitation (sexual) Protective measures (sexual violence as) 130 (for victims and witnesses) Women’s rights Femicide/Feminicide F Rape Forced contraception R Zero tolerance policy 72 Redress Z Forced nudity 138 (Remedy; Reparation) 204 Forced pregnancy Reproductive rights Rome Statute (ICC Statute) 6–7 Acronyms and Abbreviations African Commission on Human and ACHPR Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, LGBTIQA+ Peoples’ Rights Queer, Asexual and others Convention against Torture and Other CAT United Nations Office of the High OHCHR Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment Commissioner for Human Rights or Punishment International Protocol on the PSVI Committee Against Torture CAT Documentation and Investigation Protocol Committee of Sexual Violence in Conflict Convention on the Elimination of All Forms CEDAW Rules of Procedure and Evidence RPE of Discrimination against Women Special Court for Sierra Leone SCSL Committee on the Elimination of CEDAW Discrimination against women Committee Sexual and gender-based crimes SGBC Committee on Economic, Social CESCR Sexual and gender-based violence SGBV and Cultural Rights United Nations Development Programme UNDP Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC United Nations Educational, Scientific UNESCO Committee on the Rights of the Child CRC and Cultural Organization Committee United Nations Population Fund UNFPA European Court of Human Rights ECtHR United Nations General Assembly UNGA Human Rights Committee HRC United Nations High Commissioner UNHCR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IACHR for Refugees Inter-American Court of Human Rights IACtHR United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF International Criminal Court ICC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC United Nations Security Council UNSC International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTR United Nations Entity for Gender Equality UN Women and the Empowerment of Women International Criminal Tribunal for the ICTY former Yugoslavia World Health Organization WHO 8–9 Introduction action is being taken to address it, including by States and international organisations and institutions. This is Sexual and gender-based violence is prevalent globally. largely due to the hard work of human rights defenders, It is a weapon used in all wars and in times of unrest and feminists, victim movements, gender rights advocates, conflict. It is perpetrated, often behind closed doors, in general practitioners and academics. Today, the prevention all countries around the world in times of peace. For a and prosecution of sexual and gender-based violence and long time, however, it has gone unacknowledged and was reparation to its victims is part and parcel of the global considered a marginal issue. Because it has not received discourse on the fight against impunity. the attention it so desperately needs, putting an end to it Civil society organisations globally, at local, national has been a challenge. Crimes and violations of a sexual and and international levels, have developed responses to gender-based character continue to be under-documented,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Femicide – a Global Issue That Demands Action, Volume IV
    “In the nineteenth century, the central moral challenge was slavery. In the twenteth century, it was the batle against totalitarianism. We believe that in this century the paramount moral challenge will be the struggle for gen- der equality around the world.” Nicholas D. Kristof, Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide “No child should have to fear going to school. No child should ever have to fear being a child. And no child should ever have to fear being a girl.” PhumzileMlambo-Ngcuka, Executve Director, UN Women “Women subjected to contnuous violence and living under conditons of gender-based discriminaton and threat are always on – death-row, always in fear of executon.” Rashida Manjoo Former UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences VOLUME IV ISBN:978- 3- 200- 03012-1 Published by the Academic Council on the United Natons System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Ofce Email: [email protected] Web: www.acuns.org / www.acunsvienna.org © 2015 Academic Council on the United Natons System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Ofce Fourth Editon Copyright: All rights reserved. The contents of this publicaton may be freely used and copied for educatonal and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproducton is accompanied by an acknowledge- ment of the authors of the artcles. Compiled and Edited: Milica Dimitrijevic, Andrada Filip, Michael Platzer Edited and formated: Khushita Vasant, Vukasin Petrovic Proofread/*Panama protocol summarized by Julia Kienast, Agnes Steinberger Design: Milica Dimitrijevic, Andrada Filip, Vukasin Petrovic Photo: Karen Castllo Farfán This publicaton was made possible by the generous fnancial contributon of the Thailand Insttute of Justce, the Karen Burke Foundaton and the Organizaton of the Families of Asia and the Pacifc.
    [Show full text]
  • Algeria Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 27Th Session of the UPR Working Group
    Algeria Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 27th Session of the UPR Working Group Submitted 22 September 2016 Submission by CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, NGO in General Consultative Status with ECOSOC And Ibn Khaldoun Center for Research and Maghrebi Studies (IKCRMS) CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Ibn Khaldoun Center for Research and Participation Maghrebi Studies CIVICUS UPR Lead, Email: UPR Lead Ammar Djeffal [email protected] Email: [email protected] Ms Renate Bloem, Email: [email protected] Tel: +213 (0)662826248 Fax: +213 (0)23817103 Tel: +41 22 733 3435 Web: www.civicus.org 1. (A) Introduction 1.1 CIVICUS is a global alliance of civil society organisations and activists dedicated to strengthening citizen action and civil society around the world. Founded in 1993, we proudly promote marginalised voices, especially from the Global South, and have members in more than 160 countries throughout the world. 1.2 Ibn Khaldoun Center for Research and Maghrebi Studies (IKCRMS) is a Research Institute dedicated to the documentation and research in the key issues of democratic transition in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, economic and social rights and public freedoms processes. 1.3 In this document, CIVICUS and IKCRMS examine the Government of Algeria’s compliance with its international human rights obligations to create and maintain a safe and enabling environment for civil society. Specifically, we analyse Algeria’s fulfilment of the rights to freedom of association, assembly, and expression and unwarranted restrictions on human rights defenders (HRDs) since its previous UPR examination in May 2012. To this end, we assess Algeria’s implementation of recommendations received during the 2nd UPR cycle relating to these issues and provide a number of specific, action-orientated follow-up recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and the Violence(S) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES in CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM and SOCIAL CHANGE
    Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES IN CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE Series Editors Sandra Walklate, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia. Kate Fitz-Gibbon, School of Social Sciences at Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. Jude McCulloch, Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. JaneMaree Maher, Centre for Women’s Studies and Gender Research, Sociology, Monash University, Australia. Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change offers a platform for innovative, engaged, and forward-looking feminist-informed work to explore the interconnections between social change and the capacity of criminology to grap- ple with the implications of such change. Social change, whether as a result of the movement of peoples, the impact of new technologies, the potential consequences of climate change, or more commonly identified features of changing societies, such as ageing populations, inter-genera- tional conflict, the changing nature of work, increasing awareness of the problem of gendered violence(s), and/or changing economic and political context, takes its toll across the globe in infinitely more nuanced and inter-connected ways than previously imagined. Each of these connections carry implications for what is understood as crime, the criminal, the victim of crime and the capacity of criminology as a disci- pline to make sense of these evolving interconnections. Feminist analysis, despite its contentious relationship with the discipline of criminology, has much to offer in strengthening the discipline to better understand the complexity of the world in the twenty-first century and to scan the horizon for emerging, possible or likely futures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epidemiology of Abortion and Its Prevention in Chile, 79(5) Rev
    Gene Gene Start Gene End Motif Start Motif End Motif Strand Exon Start Exon End HS Start HS End Distance NLGN4X 5808082 6146706 5821352 5821364 gtggccacggcgg ‑ 5821117 5821907 5811910 5813910 7442 AFF2 147582138 148082193 148048477 148048489 ccaccatcacctc + 148048319 148048609 148036319 148040319 8158 NLGN3 70364680 70391051 70386983 70386995 gtggatatggtgg + 70386860 70387650 70371089 70377089 9894 MECP2 153287263 153363188 153296166 153296178 gtggtgatggtgg ‑ 153295685 153296901 153306976 153308976 10798 FRMPD4 12156584 12742642 12739916 12739928 ccaccatggccgc + 12738647 12742642 12721454 12727454 12462 PHF8 53963112 54071569 54012352 54012364 ccaccatgtcctc ‑ 54012339 54012382 54025089 54033089 12725 RAB39B 154487525 154493852 154493567 154493579 cctccatggccgc ‑ 154493358 154493852 154478566 154480566 13001 FRMPD4 12156584 12742642 12736309 12736321 ggggcaagggagg + 12735619 12736909 12721454 12727454 14867 GRPR 16141423 16171641 16170710 16170722 cctccgtggccac + 16170378 16171641 16208454 16211454 37732 AFF2 147582138 148082193 148079262 148079274 cccccgtcaccac + 148072740 148082193 148036319 148040319 38943 SH3KBP1 19552082 19905744 19564111 19564123 cctccttatcctc ‑ 19564039 19564168 19610454 19614454 46331 PDZD4 153067622 153096003 153070331 153070343 cccccttctcctc ‑ 153067622 153070355 153013976 153018976 51355 SLC6A8 152953751 152962048 152960611 152960623 ccaccctgacccc + 152960528 152962048 153013976 153018976 53353 FMR1 146993468 147032647 147026533 147026545 gaggacaaggagg + 147026463 147026571 147083193 147085193 56648 HNRNPH2
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Letter to the Human Rights Council Calling for States' Action To
    www.amnesty.org AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC STATEMENT DATE 17 June 2021 INDEX MDE 28/4303/2021 JOINT LETTER TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL CALLING FOR STATES’ ACTION TO ADDRESS THE ALGERIAN AUTHORITIES’ ALARMING CRACKDOWN ON PRO-DEMOCRACY FORCES 82 civil society organisations call on states to take action to address the Algerian authorities' alarming crackdown on pro- democracy forces during HRC 47 The unrelenting criminalisation of fundamental freedoms warrants an urgent response Dear representatives, We, the undersigned Algerian, regional and international non-governmental organisations, urge your government, individually and jointly with other states, to address the alarming crackdown on peaceful Algerian protesters, journalists, civil society members and organisations, human rights defenders and trade unionists during the 47th United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) session. Repression has increased drastically and a more assertive public position from states is crucial to protecting Algerians peacefully exercising their rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly. We urge you, in relevant agenda items such as in the interactive dialogue with the High Commissioner under Item 2 or in the Interactive Debates with the Special Rapporteurs on freedom of expression and freedom of association and peaceful assembly under Item 3, to: ● Condemn the escalating crackdown on peaceful protesters, journalists and human rights defenders, including the excessive use of force, the forced dispersal and intimidation of protesters and the
    [Show full text]
  • “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” the Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador
    HUMAN “Why Do They Want to RIGHTS WATCH Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8 To the Presidency ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti 2013 Human Rights Report
    DJIBOUTI 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Djibouti is a republic with a strong elected president and a weak legislature. In 2010 parliament amended the constitution to remove term limits, facilitating the April 2011 reelection of President Ismail Omar Guelleh for a third term. While legislative elections held February 22 included participation by opposition parties for the first time in 10 years, the opposition rejected the vote as flawed, and disputes over official results fueled months of protest. Opposition leaders boycotted the National Assembly and formed a shadow parliament. International observers from the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the Arab League characterized the elections as free and fair, an assessment disputed both domestically and internationally. Authorities maintained effective control over security forces. Security forces committed human rights abuses. Disputes over official results fueled months of protest by opposition leaders and supporters. The government’s use of excessive force to disperse demonstrators resulted in numerous injuries. Authorities arrested and imprisoned opposition leaders and hundreds of opposition members. The most serious human rights problem was the government’s abridgement of the right of citizens to change or significantly influence their government. The government did so by harassing, abusing, and detaining government critics; denying the population access to independent sources of information; and restricting freedom of speech and assembly. Other human rights problems included the use of excessive force, including torture; harsh prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and prolonged pretrial detention; denial of fair public trial; interference with privacy rights; restrictions on freedom of association; lack of protection for refugees; corruption; discrimination against women; female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C); trafficking in persons; discrimination against persons with disabilities; and government denial of worker rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom to Write Index 2019
    FREEDOM TO WRITE INDEX 2019 Freedom to Write Index 2019 1 INTRODUCTION mid global retrenchment on human rights In 2019, countries in the Asia-Pacific region impris- Aand fundamental freedoms—deepening oned or detained 100 writers, or 42 percent of the authoritarianism in Russia, China, and much of the total number captured in the Index, while countries Middle East; democratic retreat in parts of Eastern in the Middle East and North Africa imprisoned or Europe, Latin America, and Asia; and new threats detained 73 writers, or 31 percent. Together these in established democracies in North America and two regions accounted for almost three-quarters Western Europe—the brave individuals who speak (73 percent) of the cases in the 2019 Index. Europe out, challenge tyranny, and make the intellectual and Central Asia was the third highest region, with case for freedom are on the front line of the battle 41 imprisoned/detained writers, or 17 percent of to keep societies open, defend the truth, and resist the 2019 Index; Turkey alone accounted for 30 of repression. Writers and intellectuals are often those cases. By contrast, incarceration of writers is among the canaries in the coal mine who, alongside relatively less prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, with journalists and human rights activists, are first 20 writers, or roughly eight percent of the count, and targeted when a country takes a more authoritarian the Americas, with four writers, just under two percent turn. The unjust detention and imprisonment of the count. The vast majority of imprisoned writers, of writers and intellectuals impacts both the intellectuals, and public commentators are men, but individuals themselves and the broader public, who women comprised 16 percent of all cases counted in are deprived of innovative and influential voices the 2019 Index.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Genital Mutilation (Fgm)
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM) 20 JUNE 2008 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE FGM 20 JUNE 2008 Contents Preface Definition of Female Genital Mutilation Origins Trends Paragraphs Countries 1. ALGERIA ............................................................................................... 1.01 Extent practised ........................................................................... 1.01 Legal Position............................................................................... 1.02 Protection...................................................................................... 1.03 2. ANGOLA................................................................................................ 2.01 Extent practised ........................................................................... 2.01 Legal Position............................................................................... 2.02 Protection...................................................................................... 2.03 3. BENIN ................................................................................................... 3.01 Extent practised ........................................................................... 3.01 Legal Position............................................................................... 3.05 Protection...................................................................................... 3.06 4. BOTSWANA ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Induced Abortion in Chile
    In Brief Induced Abortion in Chile Chile is one of a small handful of countries worldwide that Abortion-related deaths and injuries appear to have declined dramatically prohibit induced abortion under any circumstance, including In the 1960s, many Chilean women if a woman’s life is at risk. The longstanding ban, which undergoing unsafe abortions died as a result, or suffered serious short- or long- runs counter to Chile’s stated commitment to international term health complications for which they women’s rights treaties, faces a robust challenge in the did not receive the medical treatment they needed.9 In 1960, there were 294 form of a recent bill proposed by the government of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births,10 and one-third of these deaths were at- President Bachelet that would allow the procedure under tributable to unsafe abortion.11 One in limited circumstances. Yet informed debate on the topic is five hospital beds in obstetric depart- ments were occupied by women receiving hindered by the lack of data on the incidence and context of postabortion treatment. clandestine induced abortion. Chile’s maternal mortality ratio fell to 55 deaths per 100,000 live births by In every country, regardless of the legal No data exist on the characteristics of 1990, and to 22 by 2013.12 The precise status of induced abortion, some women women obtaining abortions in Chile, nor contribution of unsafe induced abortion experiencing an unintended pregnancy on their reasons for doing so. As one to overall maternal mortality is unclear, turn to abortion to end it.1 Chile is no researcher points out, “we do not know… but experts agree that far fewer deaths exception to this worldwide pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    2018 Annual Report Alkarama Foundation Alkarama Annual Report 2018 Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Algeria ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Bahrain .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Djibouti .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Egypt ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Iraq ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Jordan .................................................................................................................................................... 23 Kuwait ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Lebanon................................................................................................................................................. 29 Libya .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Sexuality Studies in Latin America
    Bibliography of Sexuality Studies in Latin America In 1997 Donna J. Guy and I published a bibliography of sexuality studies on Latin America in our edited book Sex and Sexuality in Latin America (New York University Press, 1997), including studies in a wide variety of fields. This bibliography was updated for the Spanish edition of that book, Sexo y sexualidades en América Latina (Paidos, Buenos Aires, 1998); that version included a number of items that had come to our attention after we turned in the book to NYU. Interestingly, the number of publications in Latin America (and in Spanish and Portuguese) increased in that brief period, and continues to increase. Adán Griego has added his own bibliography and has agreed to maintain it and keep it current. The bibliography that follows is based on the previous ones but has the advantage of not being fixed in time. —— Daniel Balderston, 1999. This bibliographic list is organized alphabetically by author, or by title in a few cases where no specific author appears. Select the initial letter of the author or the title of the work you are looking for or simply scroll down the list. Please send corrections, additions and comments to: [email protected] A A las orillas de Lesbos. Narrativa lésbica. Lima: MHOL, 1997. Abad, Erika Gisela. "¿La Voz de Quién?" Diálogo, No.12, (Summer 2009): 28. Abdalla, Fernanda Tavares de Mello and Nichiata, Lúcia Yasuko Izumi. A Abertura da privacidade e o sigilo das informações sobre o HIV/Aids das mulheres atendidas pelo Programa Saúde da Família no município de São Paulo, Brasil.
    [Show full text]