THE GENERA OF DIAPRIINAE (HYMENOPTERA: DIAPRIIDAE) IN THE NEW WORLD

LUBOMIÂR MASNER Research Associate, Division of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History Research Associate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Branch, K.W. Neatby Building Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6

JOSEÂ LUIS GARCIÂAR. Curator, Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola ``Dr Francisco FernaÂndez YeÂpez'' Facultad de AgronomõÂa, Universidad Central de Venezuela Apartado 4579, Maracay, 2101-A, Edo. Aragua, Venezuela

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 268, 138 pp., 107 ®gures, 1 table Issued April 18, 2002

Copyright ᭧ American Museum of Natural History 2002 ISSN 0003-0090 2 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

CONTENTS Abstract ...... 3 Introduction ...... 3 Authorship and Responsibilities ...... 3 Materials ...... 3 Collection and Preparation of Specimens ...... 5 Structure of Keys, Diagnoses, and Descriptions ...... 7 Higher Classi®cation and Interrelationships ...... 7 Recommended Basic Works ...... 8 Taxonomic List of Diapriinae Genera Described ...... 8 Distribution ...... 9 Glossary of Terms ...... 12 Key to Diapriinae Genera in the New World ...... 15 Clave para la SeparacioÂn de los GeÂneros de Diapriinae del Nuevo Mundo ...... 22 Systematics ...... 31 Tribe Psilini HelleÂn 1963 ...... 31 Tribe Spilomicrini Ashmead 1893 ...... 38 Tribe Diapriini Ashmead 1893 ...... 60 Unplaced Genera (incertae sedis) ...... 113 Abbreviations ...... 120 Acknowledgments ...... 121 References ...... 122 Index ...... 126 Illustrations ...... 127 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 3

ABSTRACT The subfamily Diapriinae (Diapriidae: Proctotrupoidea) in the New World is reviewed at the supra speci®c level. Three tribes and 52 genera are recognized. Sixteen new genera are proposed: Apopria (Diapriini), Avoca (Diapriini), Chilomicrus (Spilomicrini), Cruzium (Dia- priini), Doddius (Spilomicrini), Eladio (Diapriini), Epomium (Spilomicrini), Ferrugenus (Spi- lomicrini), Hansona (Diapriini), Leucopria (Diapriini), Mimopriella (Diapriini), Omopria (Dia- priini), Ortona (Psilini), Peckidium (incertae sedis) Psychopria (Diapriini), and Turripria (Dia- priini). The following new species are described: Apopria coveri & (USA), Asolenopsia gibba & (Costa Rica), Avoca collaris & (USA), Chilomicrus pecki ( (Chile), Cruzium amphorale & (Costa Rica), Eladio cruzi & (Costa Rica), Epomium cicatrix & (Chile), Ferrugenus chi- lensis & (Chile), Hansona pauli & (Costa Rica), Leucopria cylindricornis & (Ecuador, Costa Rica), Omopria brevipalpis & (Brazil), Ortona hansoni & (Costa Rica), Peckidium enigma- ticum & (Antilles, Central and South America, West Africa, Philippines), Psychopria hoguei ( (Costa Rica), Turripria woldai & (Panama). New generic synonymies are proposed: Acan- thopria Ashmead (ϭAdelioneiva Fischer), Asolenopria Kieffer (ϭEuplacopria FerrieÁre), Bru- chopria Kieffer (ϭAulatopria BreÁthes), Doliopria Kieffer (ϭMartinica Risbec), Megaplasto- pria Ashmead (ϭXyalopria Kieffer), Notoxoides Ashmead (ϭPsilogasteroides BreÁthes), Pen- tapria Kieffer (ϭAntipapria Fabritius, Bakeria Kieffer, Plutopria Kieffer, Spilomicrinus Og- loblin), Spilomicrus Westwood (ϭHoplopria Ashmead, Linkiola Kieffer) , Szelenyiopria Fabritius (ϭGymnopria LoiaÂcono). New combinations are proposed: Aulatopria tucumana BreÁ- thes to Bruchopria, Bakeria rugosa Dodd to Doddius, Gymnopria lucens Loiacono to Szelen- yiopria, Mimopria pentatoma Borgmeier and Mimopria splendens Borgmeier to Mimopriella, and Xanthopria nitida Brues to Acanthopria. The 52 genera are keyed (keys in both English and Spanish); for each genus the synonymies, diagnoses, descriptions, recognition and rela- tionships, distribution, and biology are given. Twelve plates with 107 ®gures are included.

INTRODUCTION croniches, ¯ourish even in harsh habitats (e.g., paÂramos of the Andes, barren oceanic The principal purpose of this paper is to islands, and frigid forests of Patagonia), and provide, for the ®rst time, a key to genera of are generally caught in large numbers in all the Diapriinae in the New World. We also types of traps and methods of sampling. present generic diagnoses and descriptions to further assist the users. Brief discussions on AUTHORSHIP AND RESPONSIBILITIES relationships, distribution, and biology of This is a joint project, with all new taxa each genus should build a base for study by to be credited to Masner and GarcõÂa. Also, future students. The Spanish version of the all taxonomic revisions, such as new synon- generic key is intended to spark interest in ymies, new combinations, as well as con- this group by students in Latin America. We cepts of supraspeci®c taxa re¯ect the views did not dwell on higher classi®cation or at- of both authors. Jose Luis GarcõÂa translated tempt a cladistic analysis. We believe that the key into Spanish. this type of exercise should be conducted on a global scale, i.e., include the Old World MATERIALS taxa. However, our generic concepts are Materials were borrowed from or studied based on phylogenetic principles of shared in the following museums or private collec- derived characters; a discussion of most of tions (in alphabetical order, with standard ac- the character states and their polarization can ronyms and curator's name): be found in Masner and Huggert (1989). AEIC D. B. Wahl: American Entomological It is our earnest belief and hope that this Institute, 3005 SW 56th Ave., Gaines- paper will spotlight Diapriinae wasps as a ville, FL 32608, USA potential focus group for biodiversity studies. AMNH J. Carpenter: Department of Entomol- The surprisingly large extent of the Diapri- ogy Collection, American Museum of inae, its species richness, and its biological Natural History, Central Park West at diversity, are ideal for this purpose. Diapri- 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, ines penetrate many microhabitats and mi- USA 4 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

BMNH M. Fitton: Department of Entomology, IZAC J. Genaro: Instituto de Zoologia, Aca- The Natural History Museum, Crom- demia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana, well Road, London SW7 5BD, London, Cuba England LACM J. P. Donahue: Insect Collection, Los CASC W. Pulawski: Department of Entomol- Angeles County Museum of Natural ogy, California Academy of Sciences, History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los An- Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA geles, CA 90007, USA 94118, USA LEMQ T. A. Wheeler: Lyman Museum, St. CDAE J. Sorensen: California State Collection Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3M1, Can- of Arthropods, California Department ada of Food & Agriculture, 1220, N. Street, MCZC J. Perkins: Entomology Department, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- CMNH J. E. Rawlins: Section of Insects and vard University, 26 Oxford St., Cam- Spiders, Carnegie Museum of Natural bridge, MA 02138, USA History, 900 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, MHNS M. Elgueta: Museo Nacional Historia PA 15213, USA Natural, Santiago, Chile CNCI J. Huber: Canadian National Collec- MIUP D. Quintero: Museo de Invertebrados, tion of Insects, Eastern Cereal & Oil- Universidad de Panama, Panama seed Research Centre, Agriculture MIZA J. L. GarcõÂa: Museo de Instituto de Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Can- Zoologia Agricola, Maracay, Venezue- ada la CUCC M. W. Heyn: Department of Entomol- MNHG C. Besuchet: Museum d'Histoire Na- ogy Collection, Clemson University, turelle, Geneva, Switzerland Clemson, SC 29631, USA MNHP F. W. Stehr: Department of Entomology CUIC J. K. Liebherr Cornell University Insect Collection, Michigan State University, Collection, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI 48824±1115, USA Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, ROME D. C. Darling: Department of Ento- USA mology, Royal Ontario Museum, To- DBUM M. Coulloudon: Collection Entomolo- ronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada gique Ouellet-Robert, DeÂpartement des SEMC R. W. Brooks: Snow Entomological Sciences Biologiques, UniversiteÂde Museum, University of Kansas, MontreÂal, C.P. 6128, MontreÂal, QC Lawrence, KS 66044, USA H3C 3J7, Canada TAMU J. Oswald: Texas A&M University, DENH D. S. Chandler: University of New College Station, TX 77843, USA Hampshire Insect Collection, Depart- UADE C. E. Carlton: Department of Entomol- ment of Entomology, University of ogy Collection, University of Arkansas, New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA USA UAIC F. G. Werner (deceased): Department of EMEC J. A. Chemsak: Essig Museum of En- Entomology Collection, University of tomology, Department of Entomologi- Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA cal Sciences, University of California, UBCC G. G. E. Scudder: University of British Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, FMNH A. F. Newton: Insect Collection, Field Canada Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt UCDC L. S. Kimsey: The Bohart Museum of Road and Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Entomology, University of California, IL 60605, USA Davis, CA 95616, USA FSCA M. C. Thomas: Florida State Collection UCMC U. N. Lanham: University of Colorado of Arthropods, Division of Plant Indus- Museum, Box 218, Boulder, CO try, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 80309, USA 32614, USA UCRC S. Trjapitsyn: UCR Entomological IMLC A. Willink (deceased): Instituto Miguel Teaching and Research Collection, Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina University of California, Riverside, CA INBC J. Ugalde: Instituto Nacional de Bio- 92521, USA diversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica UGCA C. Smith: Museum of Natural History, INHS L. M. Page: Illinois Natural History Entomology Collection, University of Survey, Insect Collection, 607 E. Pea- Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA body Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, ULQC J. M. Perron: Universite de Laval, Ste. USA Foy, QC G1K 7P4, Canada 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 5

USNM D. R. Smith: United States National Screen sweeping (s.s.). Large (50 ϫ 40 Entomological Collection, Department cm) sweeping net on a lightweight aluminum of Entomology, US National Museum frame with screen of strong mesh (0.7 cm of Natural History, Washington, DC opening) sewn into the upper part of the net 20560, USA ZMHB B. Petersen (deceased): Zoologisk Mu- about 20 cm below the net edge will elimi- seum, Universitets Copenhagen, Den- nate most plant debris during sweeping. In- mark sects falling through the screen are collected at the bottom of the net, the tip of which is The single major source of material not cut off and closed with vinyl-coated wire, borrowed from the institutions above was the and emptied into a plastic bag containing Canadian National Collection (CNCI) in Ot- 70% ethanol. The entire catch is subsequent- tawa, with holdings greater than all other ly rinsed in fresh water and transferred to sources combined. Almost all the CNCI ma- terial is freshly collected, with specimens not 70% ethanol. This method is by far the most older than 25 years; over 60 individuals, col- productive, particularly in the early stages of leagues, and friends kindly contributed over surveying any habitat. the years by donating specimens. Ten con- Large aerial net (``Maxinet''). For aerial tributors are truly outstanding because of the sampling, a large (100 cm) circular net on a magnitude and quality of material supplied: lightweight aluminum frame (four detachable Stewart B. Peck and Jarmila Kukalova-Peck parts), with no additional screen is used. This (Carleton University, Ottawa), Alfred New- technique allows collecting immediately af- ton and Margaret Thayer (FMNH, Chicago), ter rain and is generally suitable in the tropics Robert Brooks and J. Steve Ashe (SEMC, during the rainy season. Aerial sampling is Lawrence KS), B. Brown (LACM, Los An- recommended during crepuscule and night- geles), Fred D. Bennett (formerly CIBC, time. The contents are emptied into a plastic Trinidad, W.I.), John S. Noyes (BMNH, Lon- bag with 70% ethanol, then rinsed with fresh don), and Paul Hanson (Universidad de Cos- water and transferred to 70% ethanol. ta Rica, San JoseÂ, Costa Rica). Extensive col- Pan trapping (YPT). Yellow plastic pan lections were recently acquired from the fol- traps of various shapes and sizes ®lled with lowing expeditions: Bolivia (Masner, 1997), brine and a few drops of surfactant will col- Chile (Masner, 1988), Costa Rica (Masner lect numerous species from the ground ¯oor and Goulet, 1985; Masner, 1986, 1995, 1996, and the lower levels in many habitats. Pan 1998), Cuba (Masner, 1995), Dominican Re- traps often yield both sexes; hence, proper public (Masner, 1978, 1987, 1990, 1991, sex associations are facilitated for species 1994), Ecuador (Masner and Sharkey, 1983), with a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Mexico (Masner, 1993), Venezuela (Masner, Pan traps operated sequentially during the 1981, 1992; Masner and GarcõÂa, 1994). The entire season will also provide valuable data cutoff date for material and data used in this on species frequencies, species replacement, paper was June 1999. duration of ¯ight period, etc. Best results are with large numbers (100±200) of smaller COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF pans in microhabitats, operated over 24±48 SPECIMENS hours. (Brine or other preservatives are not We strongly believe that ®eldwork is an needed.) In longterm sampling (more than 48 integral part of any biosystematic study. hrs) high salinity is required for preservation, Field experience and fresh material collected and thorough rinsing in water before storage and prepared by the taxonomist cannot be in alcohol is imperative. substituted by outside loans, no matter how Interception trap (FIT) (Masner and extensive or diverse the materials may be. Goulet, 1981). This is actually a version of Collecting and its techniques should help us the pan trap with a ¯ight barrier. A sheet of penetrate all niches and levels of insect life. black (or dark green) densemesh polyester It is only natural that in these days of high fabric (120 ϫ 150 cm) treated with pyre- technology we strive to advance the tools and throid (e.g., Ambush) and set over a large techniques that were initiated 200 years ago. trough of yellow plastic ®lled with brine and 6 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 surfactant is used primarily for intercepting tube suspended over a container with water low- and slow-¯ying insects. and detergent is placed inside a cage with Photoeclector. A collecting device based wire mesh or netting with 5 mm openings to on positive phototropism of most insects. eliminate masses of large nocturnal insects. Swept material is placed in a dark box with The sleeve on the tube is treated with pyre- an escape passage into a smaller light box throid. This type of trapping eliminates most attached to it. Screens on the side of the light of the nontarget biomass and requires no ser- box are treated with pyrethroid; insects drop vicing during nighttime. The best results are to a container ®lled with brine. For better in areas of high incidence and diversity of portability in the ®eld the photoeclector army ants, generally lowland tropical areas. could be designed as a backpack. The pho- Ant nests. Diapriine wasps, particularly in toeclector, vastly superior for collecting larg- the Nearctic region, can be collected individ- er members of the Hymenoptera, e.g., saw- ually on the underside of rocks covering ant ¯ies and aculeates, has somewhat limited use nests. Morning hours seem best with regard for diapriine wasps. to optimal temperatures of the rock. Myr- Car net (Peck and Cook, 1992). Two mecophilic diapriines of Central and South cones of fabric nets (100 ϫ 100 cm) installed America may be collected individually (e.g., on a metal frame and placed in front of the from raids) as well as in groups (e.g., emi- car bumper, approximately 30 cm above gration columns of army ants). ground, will collect clean material. Apices of Emergence traps. A pyramidal cage of the nets are treated with pyrethroid and the dense mesh fabric is suspended over target material is emptied by a cordless vacuum microhabitats or a pile of organic material cleaner. This method will allow the surveil- (duff, fungi, presifted litter, wood stumps); lance of a large area in a relatively short time composts with decaying plant materials are any time of the day or night. particularly productive for diapriine wasps. Malaise trap (MT). A modi®ed Townes' The top of the pyramid is treated with py- version (Townes, 1972) of the Malaise trap rethroid. A large plastic container ®lled with is generally useful for large, faster¯ying water and detergent is placed on top of the members of the Diapriinae (even better for pile directly below the top of the pyramid. Belytinae). The plastic head is replaced by a Sifting. Sifted organic matter (duff, rotted screened compartment and insects are col- wood, kelp, etc.) is spread on white plastic lected below in a plastic bag (Whirl-Pak) sheets, and specimens are collected in aspi- ®lled with 70% ethanol. The screen of the rators. Larger amounts of sifted material can head compartment is treated with pyrethroid be placed in Berlese apparatus or xereclector. and the top covered by a transparent rain de- Some of the above techniques, screen ¯ector. For long-term trapping, with long in- sweeping in particular, will result in an un- tervals in servicing, a plastic tube is attached usually high number of specimens being below the screened compartment, ending in caught. For rapid retrieval of target groups a large underground container. Propylene the following tools and procedures were de- glycol is recommended as a preservative. veloped and used successfully. To prevent Separation bag (Masner and Gibson, coagulation of proteins around the mouth and 1979). We used this tool primarily for sam- anus in specimens from traps ®lled with pling newly explored habitats prior to use of brine, the material must be thoroughly yet other mass-collecting tools (e.g., screen gently rinsed in fresh water prior to storage sweeping). It remains useful for quick eval- in alcohol. Clean material is then segregated uations of collecting sites. into three fractions by using sorting sifters Beating sheet. A modi®cation of the stan- made of wire mesh (0.5 cm, 0.3 cm, and 0.1 dard beating sheet with a screen (5mm open- cm). The material is successfully rinsed-sift- ings) and a narrow terminal sleeve is prac- ed in 70% ethyl-alcohol through each of the tical for surveying spiny bushes (e.g., haw- three sifters (0.5 cm→0.3 cm→0.1 cm); mi- thorns, acacia, or roses), especially in desert crohymenoptera will remain almost entirely habitats. in the ®nest fraction. The fractions are sub- Light trap (with excluder). A blacklight sequently examined under a stereomicro- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 7 scope (40ϫ) in a rectangular sorting dish, ing character states requiring dissection, slide longitudinally divided into six columns by making or use of expensive technology (e.g., raised ridges. The targetculled specimens are SEM) not currently available in some coun- brie¯y rinsed in a special strong detergent tries. We also minimized the use of subjec- (e.g., Cascade) to remove oily substances and tive expressions (e.g., ``usually'', ``often'', dirt accumulated on the body, the hairy parts `` rarely'', etc.); however, in both the diag- in particular. Clean specimens are either fur- noses and descriptions the use of such ex- ther processed, mounted directly from alco- pressions is unavoidable, if not desirable, in hol, or stored in 70% ethanol in a dark, re- order to express the frequency of a given frigerated area. character state in a given genus. Complicated The aspects of clean specimens and proper couplets (e.g., conditional states) were also mounting cannot be overemphasized. In fact, avoided; when necessary, a large polytypic the importance of properly prepared speci- genus was split into uniform groups and pre- mens is second only to the availability of ma- sented several times in the key. The structure terial per se. Recognition of closely related of the key does not re¯ect the putative rela- species often depends on minute details of tionships among the genera. It re¯ects the microsculpture and pilosity. Even a small taxonomic limits of New World diapriine amount of dirt or a ®lm of oil on minute genera; consequently, we do not recommend wasps can obscure relevant structures and the use of the key outside the New World. hinder the taxonomist's decision. Dry mount- The generic diagnosis attempts to give a ing on points is strongly preferred to mount- brief, salient portrait of a given genus. Ele- ing on rectangular cards. The latter method ments of diagnosis are then repeated in the better protects the specimen, but makes ex- generic description, with details of the amination of particular areas of the body, known spectrum of character states. The ge- such as the venter, dif®cult. Making slides is neric description is at ®rst centered around necessary for detailed examination of geni- the main core of the genus, then, continuing talia, palpal and tibial formulae, antennal centrifugally toward peripheral species, in- sensilla, and microtrichia on the wings. cludes all undescribed species studied by us. Considering the minute body size of a typ- Internal groupings (species groups) of the ge- ical diapriine wasp, only high quality stereo- nus may be further discussed in the Recog- microscopes using the highest magni®cation nition and Relationships section. The sec- available (ca. 160ϫ) are recommended. A strong source of light in combination with a tions on Distribution and Biology are intend- properly operated light disperser (Mylar) is ed to give principal information without indispensable for creating a clear, glare-free claiming to be complete references. image. The ever increasing use of scanning electron microscopes (SEM) for the study of HIGHER CLASSIFICATION AND microsculpture is essential in diapriine tax- INTERRELATIONSHIPS onomy. For best results in SEM photography, gold coating specimens with a gold sputter The Diapriinae is one of the four subfam- and back-scattering device is highly recom- ilies of the Diapriidae (Masner, 1976; Masner mended. Instant (Polaroid) SEM prints can in Goulet and Huber, 1993). It is the most be used for examination of ultrastructures as advanced of the above four subfamilies, well as for subsequent tracings for line draw- characterized by morphological reductions, ings. especially in the wing venation and structure of the antenna. However, from the cladistic STRUCTURE OF KEYS, DIAGNOSES, point of view, the Diapriinae appear, at least AND DESCRIPTIONS by our present knowledge, as a paraphyletic group. Whereas all three subfamilies, Bely- We prepared a key using simple, noneso- tinae, Ambositrinae, and Ismarinae, can each teric terms; all morphological terms are de- be de®ned by at least one synapomorphy, ®ned in the Glossary (p. 12±15), and most Diapriinae can be separated strictly on simple of them are also illustrated. We avoided us- morphological reductions; therefore, the 8 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 proper cladistic evaluation of the Diapriinae on the side of the pronotum. The members remains a challenge for future taxonomists. of the Spilomicrini and the Diapriini all share The classi®cation of the Diapriinae at trib- large syntergite 2 of the metasoma, with T2 al level has received little attention, espe- and T3 fused. The Spilomicrini are charac- cially in the New World. Ashmead (1893) terized by the length of the submarginal vein proposed two tribes: Spilomicrini and Dia- together with the marginal vein reaching well priini. Regrettably, the concepts of these two past the basal third of the forewing, and the tribes were highly heterogeneous, and we use presence (ground plan) of the notauli. The the two names in considerably restricted Diapriini are the most derived of all tribes; sense. Outside North America the tribal clas- the short submarginal vein closely approxi- si®cation of the Diapriinae was attempted by mated to anterior margin of forewing, the HelleÂn (1963) and Kozlov (1978). We rec- lack of notauli, and the ground plan of an- ognize HelleÂn's tribe Psilini, but treat his tennal formula (12±14) are the principal syn- tribe Paramesiini as a junior synonym of Spi- apomorphies. lomicrini Ashmead 1893. Kozlov's ®ve tribes contain the three tribes of HelleÂn plus two RECOMMENDED BASIC WORKS new tribes not represented in the New World. This paper is not aimed at a higher (su- Several major publications are essential prageneric) classi®cation of Diapriinae. For for taxonomic study of the New World Dia- convenience we accepted three tribes pro- priinae. Johnson's (1992) catalog lists all posed previously, i.e., the Psilini, the Spilom- species of the world. De Santis cataloged icrini, and the Diapriini, to accommodate the diapriines of Argentina (1967) and Brazil 52 genera that are presently recognized. (1980). Masner (in Hanson and Gauld, 1995) Three genera, Caecopria Masner, Calogale- treated the Diapriinae of Costa Rica. Mue- sus Kieffer, and Peckidium, new genus, are sebeck and Walkley (1956) list type species treated as incertae sedis because they obvi- of diapriine genera. Masner and Muesebeck ously do not belong to any of the three rec- (1968) provide information on primary types ognized tribes. In our opinion they represent of diapriine wasps in the USNM. Kieffer's three independent tribes; similarly, the gen- (1916) treatise of the world Diapriidae re- era Basalys Westwood and Doliopria Kieffer, mains the only key to the world taxa. Ash- presently included in the Diapriini, in our mead's (1893) monograph of North Ameri- opinion represent an independent tribe. How- can proctrupoid wasps is largely of historical ever, the formal reclassi®cation of the Dia- value. priinae at tribal level is best deferred until all genera of the world are taken into consider- TAXONOMIC LIST OF DIAPRIINAE ation. Finally, we call attention to the fact GENERA DESCRIBED that two genera traditionally placed in the TRIBE PSILINI DiapriinaeÐAneurhynchus Westwood and Aneuropria Kieffer Labolips HalidayÐare not included in the Coptera Say Diapriinae; Masner (in Goulet and Huber, Ortona, new genus 1993) pointed out that both belong to the Psilus Panzer subfamily Belytinae because of the longitu- dinal grooves on S2 of the metasoma. TRIBE SPILOMICRINI Two main lineages may be recognized Bruchopria Kieffer within the Diapriinae: the Psilini and the Spi- Chilomicrus, new genus lomicrini plus Diapriini. The Psilini retain Doddius, new genus the macrotergite 2 (T2 only) of the metasoma Entomacis Foerster and exposed sclerotized labrum, synapomor- Epomium, new genus phies with the Belytinae, used here as an out- Ferrugenus, new genus group for all other Diapriinae. The synapo- Idiotypa Foerster morphies for the Psilini are the type of wing Paramesius Westwood venation (submarginal vein not reaching for- Pentapria Kieffer emargin) and the long, spikelike spiracle 1 Poecilopsilus Ogloblin 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 9

Spilomicrus Westwood Vast areas of the hemisphere remain insuf®- Xenismarus Ogloblin ciently explored or totally untouched. Even the presumed centers of diapriine diversity TRIBE DIAPRIINI (e.g., Valdivian/Patagonian subregion, High Acanthopria Ashmead Andes) are barely in the initial stage of ex- Apopria, new genus ploration. Faunal exploration of the New Asolenopsia Kieffer World can progress on two fronts. One is in Auxopaedeutes Brues the use of versatile tools of mass collecting Avoca, new genus (e.g., Malaise trap, large numbers of yellow Basalys Westwood pan traps, ¯ight interception trap, screen Bruesopria Wing sweeping, car net), especially in areas of pre- Cruzium, new genus sumed species diversity of diapriine wasps. Diapria Latreille The other way to progress is in focusing on Doliopria Kieffer speci®c microhabitats that cannot be effec- Ecitovagus Masner tively sampled by conventional collecting Eladio, new genus techniques. Two special microhabitats that Hansona, new genus appear to be particularly rich for diapriine Labidopria Wasmann wasps throughout the entire Neotropical re- Leucopria, new genus gion are ant nests and aquatic or semiaquatic Megaplastopria Ashmead habitats. Unusually large numbers of diapri- Mimopria Holmgren ine wasps became associated with various Mimopriella, new genus groups of ants in Central and South America. Mitropria Ogloblin The associations are especially well devel- Monelata Foerster oped with army ants (Ecitonini) and leafcut- Myrmecopria Ashmead ting ants (Attini), with some 20 genera of Neivapria Borgmeier Diapriinae already involved. Modi®ed light Notoxoides Ashmead traps with net excluders (see Collection and Omopria, new genus Preparation of Specimens, p. 6) are a major Philolestoides FerrieÁre source of ®eld data. Diapriine wasps in Platymischus Westwood aquatic or semiaquatic microhabitats are vir- Psychopria, new genus tually unstudied; the genus Psychopria de- Szelenyiopria Fabritius scribed in this paper with only one species is Szelenyisca Masner now represented in CNCI by an additional Townesella Huggert and Masner 20 undescribed species. All Psychopria spe- Trichopria Ashmead cies were collected by yellow pan traps Turripria, new genus placed directly in the stream beds, while no Xanthopria Brues individuals were ever collected in Malaise UNPLACED GENERA (incertae sedis) traps placed along the same streams. Caecopria Masner Of the 52 genera of New World Diapri- Calogalesus Kieffer inae, 26 occur in Nearctic and 45 in Neo- Peckidium, new genus tropical regions, respectively; nineteen gen- era, almost all speciose, are shared by the DISTRIBUTION (table 1) above two geographic regions. However, at the species level, even with very preliminary The geographic area covered in this paper data available, the Neotropical fauna is in®- encompasses the entire New World, i.e., both nitely richer than that of America north of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. In Mexico. more vernacular terms, the New World means the Canadian Arctic and Alaska down NEARCTIC REGION to the Patagonian subregion in Argentina and Chile. We are well aware of the enormity of The 26 genera of Nearctic North American this task, and therefore present this treatise Diapriinae can be divided by their geograph- only as a prologue for future exploration. ic relationships into three categories: Holarc- 10 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

TABLE 1 New World Distribution of Diapriinae Genera 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 11 tic (12 genera), Neotropical extensions (9 Townesella, presumably, is related to Labi- genera), and Nearctic endemics (5 genera). dopria. 1. Holarctic. The 12 genera involved share strong relationships with both western NEOTROPICAL REGION and eastern Palearctic fauna; nine genera (Basalys, Coptera, Entomacis, Idiotypa, Mo- The 45 genera of Diapriinae in the Neo- nelata, Paramesius, Psilus, Spilomicrus, and tropical region form 5 geographic subregions Trichopria) are medium to highly speciose (Mexico, Antilles, Central America, South and most of them are also worldwide in dis- America, and Valdivian/Patagonian) most of tribution. Three genera (Aneuropria, Dia- which seem to be more sharply delimited pria, and Platymischus) are monotypic or than the corresponding subregions of the Ne- with only few species. Diapriinae seem to be arctic region. poorly represented in extreme northern zones 1. Mexico. This area covers Mexico from of North America; Entomacis sp. is the only the US border to the isthmus of Tehuantepec. known diapriine wasp in the high Arctic of Twenty genera (Acanthopria, Auxopaedeu- Canada (Ellesmere Is.) (CNCI). The Hudson- tes, Avoca, Basalys, Caecopria, Coptera, ian and boreal zones harbor only a very Doddius, Doliopria, Ecitovagus, Entomacis, small fauna of Diapriinae; similarly, high el- Idiotypa, Labidopria, Leucopria, Megaplas- evations in the Rockies have only a few spe- topria, Monelata, Paramesius, Pentapria, cies. The above small segment of Nearctic Psychopria, Spilomicrus, and Trichopria) are Diapriinae appears most closely related to recorded from Mexico but none are peculiar Palearctic fauna, with some species possibly to it. The fauna is a typical mixture of Ne- shared between the two regions. The transi- arctic and Neotropical fauna; Nearctic ele- tional zone of North America holds the most ments proliferate deeply south along the cen- of species, with only very few species shared tral mountains and Neotropical elements ex- with the Palearctic region. tend along the Atlantic and Paci®c coasts and 2. Neotropical extensions. The mutual northwards. proliferation of Nearctic and Neotropical fau- 2. Central America. This area covers the nas is encountered in and along the entire Mexican state of Chiapas south to Panama. Mexican border in the lower austral zone, With 28 genera (Acanthopria, Asolenopsia, USA. Nine genera belong to this category: Basalys, Caecopria, Coptera, Cruzium, Dod- Acanthopria, Avoca, Doliopria, Ecitovagus, dius, Doliopria, Ecitovagus, Eladio, Ento- Labidopria, Leucopria, Ortona, Pentapria, macis, Hansona, Idiotypa, Labidopria, Leu- and Psychopria. Acanthopria and Doliopria copria, Megaplastopria, Mimopriella, Mo- are particularly speciose in the Neotropical nelata, Ortona, Paramesius, Peckidium, Pen- region, but are not represented outside the tapria, Psychopria, Spilomicrus, Szelenyiopria, New World. Szelenyisca, Trichopria, and Turripria) in- 3. Nearctic endemic genera. Five genera, cluding virtually all speciose ones, this sub- all small in content or monotypic, belong to region is second only to South America. The this group; all members are known or sup- two subregions are closely related faunally posed to be associated with ants (Apopria, (at species-group level) and many wide- Auxopaedeutes, Bruesopria, Myrmecopria, spread species are shared, especially along and Townesella). There are two very distinct coastlines both in the Caribbean and Paci®c. subgroups in this category (Huggert and There are no genera peculiar to Central Masner, 1983); Auxopaedeutes and Brueso- America. pria, associated with thief ants (Solenopsis, 3. Antilles. This area covers the Greater subgenus Diplorhoptrum) are related to Pa- and Lesser Antilles minus Trinidad. With learctic genera Solenopsia Wasmann and only 18 genera (Acanthopria, Auxopaedeu- Lepidopria Kieffer, both also associates of tes, Avoca, Basalys, Caecopria, Calogalesus, Solenopsis ants. Apopria and Myrmecopria Coptera, Doliopria, Entomacis, Idiotypa, are associated with army ants (Neivamyrmex) Megaplastopria, Monelata, Paramesius, and are related to the extended Neotropical Peckidium, Pentapria, Psychopria, Spilomi- faunal elements (Ecitovagus, Labidopria). crus, and Trichopria), and no endemics this 12 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 subregion is generally depauperate. Most remarkable. Together with the Belytinae and conspicuously missing are all Neotropical Ambositrinae, Diapriinae is the dominant genera of Diapriinae associated with army group among all microhymenoptera in this ants (Ecitonini), but some speciose Neotrop- part of the New World. Conversely, the gen- ical genera are also not represented. The era of many New World Diapriinae, includ- overall species diversity of some larger gen- ing some speciose ones, are remarkably ab- era is rather low in the Antilles (e.g., Tricho- sent here. The Valdivian/Patagonian subre- pria, Coptera, and Spilomicrus). The single gion appears to be an important center of record of Calogalesus (Lesser Antilles) most evolution, having predominately archaic or probably accounts for a ``tramp'' species. plesiomorphic taxa of Diapriinae. 4. South America. We include here the Caribbean coast of Colombia, Venezuela, the GLOSSARY OF TERMS Guyanas, Trinidad, Amazon basin, Pantanal (Paraguay, Argentina) and the Andes from Morphological terms, with their abbrevia- Colombia to Peru and Galapagos Islands. tions, are those basically used by Masner The maximum of 36 genera (Acanthopria, (1991). Several new terms or character states Asolenopsia, Avoca, Basalys, Bruchopria, previously not used in the taxonomy of the Caecopria, Coptera, Cruzium, Doddius, Do- Diapriidae are marked with an asterisk (*). liopria, Eladio, Entomacis, Hansona, Idioty- Instructions on measurements follow the def- pa, Labidopria, Leucopria, Megaplastopria, inition of each term where applicable. Mimopria, Mimopriella, Mitropria, Monela- ta, Neivapria, Notoxoides, Omopria, Ortona, HEAD Paramesius, Philolestoides, Peckidium, Pen- tapria, Psychopria, Spilomicrus, Szelenyi- Antennal shelf (as)ÐProjecting ledge between opria, Szelenyisca, Trichopria, Turripria, face (fc) and frons (fr) and bearing toruli (tr); and Xanthopria) makes the South American in dorsal and lateral views. subregion the richest and simultaneously the Clypeus (cl)ÐDivided from face by epistomal de- clivity (ed) and in some species by tentorial pits most diverse in the New World. In particular, (tp); ventral margin of clypeus may be slightly the genera of Diapriinae associated with ants pointed medially or, usually, truncate; measure reach the highest levels of diversity. The in frontal view. High Andes are notable for the northward Epistomal declivity (ed)ÐShallow, arched de- proliferation of southern temperate faunal el- pression on upper margin of clypeus (cl), usu- ements. ally rudimentary; in frontal view. 5. Valdivian/Patagonian. This subregion Eye height (eh)ÐMaximum distance between up- comprises most of southern Chile (including per eye orbit (ueo) and lower (leo) eye orbit; Juan Fernandez Island) and the Argentinian measure in lateral view. province Nunquen (including the Falkland Eye height/malar space- Ratio; both measure- ments in frontal view. Islands) with temperate to cool-temperate Head height (HH)ÐMaximum distance between forests and grasslands. There are relatively imaginary line connecting top of ocelli and few faunal connections to the rest of the lower edge of closed mandibles (md); measure Neotropics but endemism is high and some in lateral view. Note: In some species head at- distinct Gondwanic ties to New Zealand, tains maximum height in this particular posi- Australia, and (rarely) South Africa. Only 11 tion; measurements taken at a different angle genera ((Chilomicrus, Doddius, Entomacis, will result in smaller, incorrect measurements. Epomium, Ferrugenus, Idiotypa, Parame- Head length (HL)ÐMaximum distance between sius, Pentapria, Poecilopsilus, Spilomicrus, anterior edge of antennal shelf (as) and extreme and Xenismarus), with 5 genera endemic posterior edge of occipital ¯ange (of); measure in lateral view. (Chilomicrus, Epomium, Ferrugenus, Poeci- Head width (HW)ÐThe maximum distance be- lopsilus, and Xenismarus)) are recorded from tween outer margins of eye orbits (oeo) (most this subregion. The records of Diapria from species) or between margins of bulging temples Chile probably represent a tramp species. (te) (few species; in dorsal view). However, the number and frequency of spe- *Hypostomal bridgeÐSpace between base of cies in any habitat of this subregion is truly maxilla and foramen magnum; in ventral view. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 13

*LabrumÐNarrow sclerite between clypeus and sally and bearing sharp keel on outer surface; mandible; in frontal view. in lateral view. Malar sulcus (ms)ÐSulcus connecting lowermost *Specialized brushes (()ÐRow of short, semi- arc of eye orbit (leo) with upper corner of man- erect or erect hairs on ventral sides of male A7± dibular condyle (mc); in frontal view. A8, or A8±A9, A8±A10, or A8 only; view in Mandible (md)ÐFor proper observation of teeth, light beamed below antenna on white back- mandibles must be fully open; in frontal view. ground. Occipital ¯ange (of)ÐSteplike rim on occiput; in lateral view. MESOSOMA (dorsal viewÐmsd) *Oral carinaÐbladelike carina on ventral side of head ¯anking maxilla; in lateral view. Anterior parallel line (apl)ÐPair of elevated lon- Postgena (pg)ÐPart of head between posterior gitudinal lines on anteromedian part of mesos- margin of eye orbit (peo) and occiput, above cutum (msc); in some species the lines are only cheek; in lateral view. weakly developed and should be observed Postgenal cushion (pgc)ÐCushion of hairs on obliquely (45Њ angle); synonymÐadmedian postgena (pg); in lateral view. line. Temple (te)ÐPortion of head behind eye; temples Anterior scutellar pit (asp)ÐPit or pits on anterior are termed receding (converging), parallel, or margin of scutellum (SC) immediately behind bulging according to their shape in dorsal view. transscutal articulation (tsa); pits are separated Note: Head must be perfectly horizontal, i.e., by a septum of various widths. antennal shelf (as) visible; in dorsal view. Axilla (ax)ÐPaired areas on mesonotum laterad Tentorial pit (tp)ÐPair of pits marking dorsolat- scutellum (SC). eral corners of clypeus (cl) on epistomal decliv- *Axillar depression (ad)ÐPaired large depres- ity (ed), in most species reduced or absent; in sions laterad scutellar disc (sd), often ®lled with frontal view. hairs or foamy structures. Torulus (tr) (pl. toruli)ÐAntennal socket. *Axillar pit (ap)ÐCentral pit on axilla (ax). Cervix (ce)ÐAnterior necklike part of pronotum; ANTENNA in dorsal and lateral views. Dorsellum (ds)ÐMedian part of metanotum *A1 ¯apsÐPair of lamellae at apex of A1, ¯ank- (mtn); usually with three short, longitudinal ing base of A2 (e.g., ®g. 55a). keels. Antennal clava (acl, &)ÐSeveral distal anten- *Epicnemial carinaÐSubvertical carina behind nomeres, usually incrassate and shaped differ- and above epicnemial pit (ep); in lateral view. ently from preceding segments. To determine *Epicnemial pit (ep)ÐPit or depression, often the beginning of clava, the clavomeres must be with dense pilosity in anteroventral corner of viewed ventrally where they are (most species) mesopleuron (mpl), behind forecoxa (cx1); in ¯attened and bear special granular sculpture; to lateral view. determine the pro®le of the clava, the shape of Humeral sulcus (hs)ÐLongitudinal impression in apical clavomere in particular, the clava must postero-lateral corner of mesoscutum (msc), be viewed laterally with ventral, ¯attened side mediad of tegula (tg). perfectly horizontal. Lateral scutellar keel (lsk)ÐPair of keels (usually Antennal formulaÐTotal number of antennomer- rims) on each side of scutellar disc (sd). es in female antenna (®rst number) and male Lateral scutellar pit (lsp)ÐPair of narrow-elon- antenna (second number), excluding radicle, gate pits situated along posterolateral margin of e.g., antennal formula 12±14 in Coptera. scutellum (SC); view obliquely (45Њ angle) in Antennomeres, relative proportions (&()ÐMax- some species. imum length and width of antennomeres; mea- Mesosoma length (ML)ÐMaximum length mea- sure width in dorsal view (especially in female sured between anterior margin of cervix (ce) clava). and posterior margin or corners of propodeum. Apical clavomere ventral pit (&)ÐShallow de- Mesosoma width (MW)ÐMaximum width across pression (circular or transverse) on ventral side mesoscutum (msc) between outer margins of te- of apical clavomere; view at angle of 45Њ for gulae (tg). best shadow effect. Notaulus (nt)ÐPair of longitudinal grooves on RadicleÐConnective joint between A1 and toru- mesoscutum (msc); often abbreviated anterior- lus; radicle not included in count for antennal ly, in some species reduced to small pits situ- formula. ated in front of transscutal articulation (tsa); in Sex segment (()ÐSpecialized antennomere, typ- older literature incorrectly termed ``parapsidal ically A4 (rarely A3), usually constricted ba- furrows''. 14 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Nucha (nu)ÐPosteromedian projection of propo- *Spiracle 2 (sp2)ÐSpiracle on propodeum. deum housing articulation with petiolar con- Sternaulus (stn)ÐTransverse ridge or keel (rarely dyle. sulcus) on lower mesopleuron (mpl), between Parapsidal line (ppl)ÐPair of shallow lines on fore (cx1) and mid (cx2) coxae. posterior half of mesoscutum (msc), between notaulus (nt) and humeral sulcus (hs). FOREWING (w) *Plica (pl)ÐPaired longitudinal keels (plicae) ¯anking median keel (mpk) on propodeum. Basal vein (bv)ÐNebulous (rarely tubular) trans- Posterior scutellar pits (psp)ÐTransverse row of verse vein between submarginal vein (sv, i.e., minute pits along posterior margin of scutellum Sc ϩ R) and M ϩ Cu1. (SC). Costal cellÐSpace between costal (C) and sub- Pronotal cushion (pc)ÐCushion of pilosity in the marginal veins (sv). cervical part of pronotum (pnt); in dorsal and Costal veinÐVein between tegula (tg) and mar- lateral views. ginal vein (mv); examine in transparent light Pronotal shouldersÐPair of prominent humps (vein often absent). (rounded or pointed) on anterior sides of pron- Medial vein (M)ÐNebulous vein distad basal otum; in dorsal view. vein (bv). PropleuronÐNarrow sclerite between forecoxa Marginal cilia (mc)ÐSeries of hairs on periphery (cx1) and foramen magnum capitis; in ventral of wing. view. Marginal vein (mv)ÐTubular vein on foremargin Scutellum (SC)ÐSclerite on mesonotum between of wing. mesoscutum (msc) and metanotum (mtn). M ϩ Cu1ÐNebulous vein parallel to posterior Scutellar disc (sd)ÐPart of scutellum (SC) be- margin of wing. tween anterior scutellar pits (asp) and posterior Postmarginal vein (pmv)ÐTubular apex of mar- scutellar pits (psp). ginal vein (mv). Suprahumeral sulcusÐLongitudinal impression in Rs2ÐNebulous vein anterior to stigmal vein (sv). anterolateral part of mesoscutum (msc) above Rs3ÐNebulous vein posterior to stigmal vein humeral sulcus (hs). (sv). Tegula (tg)ÐSclerite at base of forewing. Stigmal vein (stv)ÐTubular projection on lower Transscutal articulation (tsa)ÐLine dividing me- corner of marginal vein (mv). soscutum (msc) from scutellum (SC); line ves- Submarginal vein (sv) (i.e., Sc ϩ R)ÐTubular tigial or absent in short-winged or wingless spe- vein between tegula (tg) and marginal vein cies; synonym, ``transscutal suture''. (mv).

METASOMA MESOSOMA (lateral viewÐmsl) Cercus (pl. cerci)ÐPair of appendages on T9. Epomium (em)ÐElevated margin of an oblique *MacrotergiteÐSingle, large tergite (T2) past pet- carina on side of pronotum (pnt). iole. Forecoxa (cx1)ÐBasal segment of foreleg. Metasoma height (MTH)ÐMaximum height mea- Hind coxa (cx3)ÐBasal segment of hind leg. sured between top of T2 (or syntergite) and bot- *Median oblique lineÐSubmedian oblique de- tom of S2; in lateral view. pression on mesopleuron (mpl) between fore- Metasoma width (MTW)ÐMaximum width mea- coxa (cxl) and posterolateral corner of meso- sured across T2 (or syntergite); in dorsal view. pleuron (mpl). Metasoma past petiole (width/height)ÐMaximum Median propodeal keel (mpk)ÐMedian, longitu- width (MTW) measured across the large tergite dinal keel on propodeum, usually well elevated, (dorsal view), height (MTH); in lateral view. especially in its anterior part. Petiole (pet)ÐFirst metasomal segment with Mesopleuron (mpl)ÐSclerite between fore (cx1) fused tergite 1 (T1) and sternite 1 (S1). and mid (cx2) coxae. Spiracle 3 (sp3)ÐSpiracle on T8. Mesosoma height (MH)ÐMaximum height mea- Sternite 2 (S2), pilosityÐCushion of dense hairs sured vertically between highest point of scutal at base of S2; in ventral view. convexity and lowermost convexity of meso- *Sternite 2 (S2), specialized spotÐInternal cir- pleuron (mpl). cular or subcircular object (? glandular func- Metapleuron (mtp)ÐSclerite above hind coxa tion) near anterior margin of S2, transparent (cx3). through the sclerite; ventral or 45Њ oblique view Mid coxa (cx2)ÐBasal segment of mid leg. or metasoma detached. Pronotal side (pnt)Ðside of pronotum. *SyntergiteÐLarge tergite past petiole resulting *Spiracle 1 (sp1)ÐSpiracle on pronotal side (pnt). from fusion of several tergites (e.g., T2 ϩ T3). 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 15

Tergite 2, pilosityÐPaired tufts of hairs at anterior male A3 distinctly shorter than A4; Ne- margin of T2. arctic ..... Psilus Panzer &( (p. 37) ± Forewing at most with rudiment of glassy KEY TO DIAPRIINAE GENERA IN depigmented submarginal vein (®g. 37), THE NEW WORLD apical emargination and median fold present (all & and some () (®g. 37), or 1. Notaulus present, deeply incised, complete or absent (some (); occiput sharply angu- abbreviate anteriorly, rarely reduced to lar, steplike (®g. 37); male A3 subequal small pit near transscutal articulation .... to A4 in length; Nearctic and Neotropi- ...... 2 cal ...... Coptera Say &( (p. 33) ± Notaulus entirely absent, rarely mesoscutum 6(3). Frons armed with sharp points above eyes with shallow depressions in notaular region or near ocelli (®gs. 30, 31, 34); mandi- ...... 20 bles strongly projecting, beaklike (®gs. 2(1). Ocellar triangle situated distinctly in front 29,31,34)...... 7 of ocular zone (®g. 82); pronotum me- ± Frons unarmed; mandibles not projecting, dially (including cervix) as long as me- clasped ...... 8 soscutum; metasoma past petiole with 7(6). Basal vein in forewing strongly pigment- very short trapezoidal tergite (®g. 82, ar- ed, slanting toward base of marginal row) followed by large tergite (minute, vein (®g. 31); metasoma past petiole dis- 1 mm long; forms with very long mar- tinctly wider than high; body often ginal cilia on wings); Neotropical .... densely pubescent; Neotropical ...... Peckidium, new genus & (p. 117) .. Caecopria Masner ( (part) (p. 113) ± Ocellar triangle situated in or slightly be- ± Basal vein in forewing absent (®g. 34); hind ocular zone (ocelli absent in some metasoma past petiole strongly com- short-winged or wingless species); pron- pressed, higher than wide; body almost otum medially (including cervix) dis- glabrous; Antilles ...... tinctly shorter than mesoscutum; meta- .... Calogalesus Kieffer &( (p. 116) soma past petiole beginning with very 8(6). Anterior margin of syntergite straight, large tergite ...... 3 without median notch or emargination 3(2). Forewing appearing veinless, submarginal (®g. 88) ...... 9 vein either glassy, depigmented, not ± Anterior margin of syntergite notched or reaching foremargin of wing (®g. 89), or slit medially and/or laterally, or margin venation rudimentary or entirely absent broadly excavate, concave (e.g., ®gs. 33, (®gs. 37, 79); no short-winged forms 39,49,59)...... 11 known ...... 4 9(8). Notaulus remarkably crenulate (®g. 88); ± Forewing with pigmented submarginal female antenna nonclavate (anterior scu- vein terminating in marginal vein on for- tellar pit single, large; dorsellum with emargin of wing (e.g., ®g. 97); stigmal long ®ngerlike process [®g. 87]); Valdi- and other veins often developed (e.g., vian ...... ®g. 60); short-winged or wingless forms ... Poecilopsilus Ogloblin &( (p. 56) occur ...... 6 ± Notaulus not crenulate; female antenna 4(3). Frons between eyes with sharp projections, distinctly clavate (®gs. 81, 97) .... 10 points, or ledges (®gs. 37, 89); A1 rel- 10(9). Female A13 moderately to distinctly lon- atively short, apical rim with sharp ¯aps ger than A12 (®g. 81); male A3 dis- (®gs. 37, 89); mandibles strongly pro- tinctly shorter than A4; anterior scutel- jecting, beaklike (®gs. 37, 89); antennal lar pit variable in shape, only excep- formula 12±14 ...... 5 tionally bifoveate; Nearctic and Neo- ± Frons between eyes unarmed (®gs. 78, 79); tropical ...... A1 distinctly elongate, apical rim round- ... Paramesius Westwood &( (part) ed, without ¯aps (®g. 79); mandibles not (p. 52) projecting, clasped (®g. 79); antennal ± Female A13 at most equal in length to formula 11±13; Nearctic (Arizona), A12, often shorter (®g. 97); male A3 Central and South America ...... at least as long as A4, often longer; an- ...... Ortona, new genus &( (p. 34) terior scutellar pit always bifoveate; 5(4). Forewing with glassy, depigmented sub- Nearctic and Neotropical . . Spilomi- marginal vein (®g. 89), apical emargi- crus Westwood &( (part) (p. 57) nation and median fold not developed; 11(8). Antenna 12- or 14-segmented ..... 12 occiput rounded, not steplike (®g. 89); ± Antenna 13-segmented ...... 14 16 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

12(11). Antenna 12-segmented, clava massive, 81, 85); apex of forewing rounded . . multisegmented but nonabrupt (®g...... 16 60); postmarginal vein in forewing 16(15). Female apical sternite large, conical, moderately developed (®g. 60); ante- longer than three preceding sternites rior scutellar pit usually tripartite (®g. (®g. 81); male A3 distinctly shorter 59); body often light colored, reddish than A4; marginal vein in forewing brown to yellow; short-winged or distinctly longer than stigmal vein wingless forms occur; Nearctic and (®g. 81); Nearctic and Neotropical . . Neotropical ...... Paramesius Westwood &( (part) .. Idiotypa Foerster & (part) (p. 51) (p. 52) ± Antenna 14-segmented (&() ..... 13 ± Female apical sternite smaller, shorter 13(12). Basal vein in forewing perfectly perpen- than three preceding sternites (®gs. dicular to submarginal vein (®g. 32); 53, 56); male A3 subequal to or lon- stigmal vein short, obtuse-angled to ger than A4; marginal vein in fore- marginal vein; female antenna with wing usually shortened (®gs. 60, 85), nonabrupt clava, clavomeres subquad- less frequently longer than stigmal rate; labrum not exposed; Valdivian vein (®gs. 53, 56) ...... 17 ...... Chilomicrus, new genus &( 17(16). Hind wing with closed basal cell (®gs. (p. 40) 53, 56); anterior scutellar pit bifov- ± Basal vein in forewing moderately ar- eate, foveae often obscured by rough cuate, acute-angled to submarginal sculpture; epomium always strongly vein (®g. 101); stigmal vein distinctly developed (®gs. 53, 56) ...... 18 elongate, almost perpendicular to ± Hind wing without closed basal cell marginal vein; female antenna with (®gs. 60, 85); anterior scutellar pit tri- light, nonabrupt clava, clavomeres foveate (®g. 59) or pit replaced by arc beadlike (®g. 101); labrum exposed; of small crenulae (®g. 86); epomium Valdivian ...... only rarely developed ...... 19 .. Xenismarus Ogloblin &( (p. 59) 18(17). Apical rim of A1 not excavate ventrally, 14(11). Marginal vein in forewing remarkably rim not produced in ¯aps (®g. 55b); long, 3.3±5.5 times as long as stigmal clypeus distinctly wider than long, an- vein (®g. 40); cheek with fan of striae terior margin not ¯exed; cheek not reaching lower orbit of eye (®g. 40); striate (®g. 56); Valdivian ...... petiole remarkably elongate, subequal ..... Ferrugenus, new genus &( in length to or longer than rest of me- (p. 48) tasoma; mesosoma and petiole often ± Apical rim of A1 deeply excavate ven- with rough rugulose sculpture; no trally, rim produced in ¯aps (e.g., ®g. short-winged forms known; Central 55a); clypeus slightly elongate, with and South America ...... anterior margin projecting and ¯exed; ... Doddius, new genus &( (p. 43) cheek often with short fan of striae ± Marginal vein in forewing at most 3 (®g. 53); Valdivian ...... times longer than stigmal vein, usu- Epomium, new genus &( (p. 46) ally shorter; cheek typically nonstria- 19(17). Median keel of propodeum strongly de- te, very rarely with short fan in lower veloped, pointed, point often directed part, striae never reaching lower orbit backward (®g. 60); postmarginal vein (short-winged forms occur) ..... 15 in forewing moderately to distinctly 15(14). Stigmal vein in forewing distinctly elon- developed (®g. 60); basal vein in fore- gate, usually subequal in length or wing nonarcuate, slanted at acute an- longer than marginal vein (®gs. 48, gle toward submarginal vein (®g. 60); 50); apex of forewing often subtrun- body often light colored; Nearctic and cate (®g. 50) to emarginate-cordate; Neotropical ...... anterior scutellar pit single, large and .. Idiotypa Foerster ( (part) (p. 51) deep (®g. 49), very rarely with few ± Median keel of propodeum only mod- longitudinal keels on bottom; Nearctic erately developed, rudimentary, or ab- and Neotropical ...... sent (®g. 85), very rarely pointed; .... Entomacis Foerster &( (part) postmarginal vein in forewing rudi- (p. 44) mentary; basal vein in forewing mod- ± Stigmal vein in forewing short, shorter erately to strongly arcuate (®g. 85); than marginal vein (®gs. 53, 56, 60, body usually blackish; Nearctic and 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 17

Neotropical ...... densely carpeted with minute velvety ...... Pentapria Kieffer &( (part) hairs; South America ...... (p. 54) ... Bruchopria Kieffer &( (p. 39) 20(1). Antenna 13-segmented ...... 21 ± Anterior scutellar pit present (1 or 2 ± Antenna with different number of seg- pits) ...... 27 ments ...... 29 27(26). Stigmal vein in forewing distinctly elon- 21(20). Wings stumplike, usually not reaching gate (®g. 50); anterior margin of syn- past petiole, veins reduced or absent, tergite notched or excavate, often also or wings entirely absent ...... 22 ¯exed (®g. 49); apex of forewing of- ± Wings fully developed, usually reaching ten subtruncate to emarginate-cordate; or surpassing tip of metasoma, typi- Nearctic and Neotropical ...... cally marginal and submarginal veins .... Entomacis Foerster &( (part) present ...... 24 (p. 44) 22(21). Anterior margin of large syntergite ± Stigmal vein in forewing short (e.g., ®g. straight, not notched, emarginate, or 97); anterior margin of syntergite not excavate; Nearctic and Neotropical notched or excavate, never ¯exed; .. Spilomicrus Westwood &( (part) apex of forewing rounded ...... 28 (p. 57) 28(27). Anterior scutellar pit bifoveate; basal ± Anterior margin of syntergite notched, vein in forewing often present (neb- emarginate, or excavate ...... 23 ulous); frons unarmed; Nearctic and 23(22). Body light colored, orange to yellow; Neotropical ...... female antennal clava abruptly 3-seg- .. Spilomicrus Westwood &( (part) mented; Valdivian ...... (p. 57) .... ?Idiotypa Foerster (&(part) ± Anterior scutellar pit single; basal vein (p. 52) in forewing absent; frons with two ± Body dark, blackish; female antennal sharp points and transverse ledge (®g. clava nonabrupt; Neotropical .... 67); South America ...... Pentapria Kieffer &( (part) ...... Mitropria Ogloblin ( (part) (p. 54) (p. 92) 24(21). Submarginal vein in forewing closely 29(20). Wings stumplike, usually not reaching approximated to foremargin of wing, past petiole, veins reduced or absent, i.e., costal cell almost absent (®g. 69); or wings not developed ...... 30 anterior scutellar pit absent; female ± Wings fully developed, usually reaching A13 massive, ovoid (®g. 69); petiole or surpassing tip of metasoma, typi- and propodeum entirely carpeted with cally submarginal and marginal veins dense pale pilosity; Nearctic and Neo- present ...... 50 tropical ..... Monelata Foerster & 30(29). Head distinctly opisthognathous (®g. (part) (p. 93) 29); frons armed with sharp point ± Submarginal vein in forewing distinctly above eye; eye reduced to single om- remote from foremargin of wing, i.e., matidium or rarely entirely absent; costal cell at least as wide as submar- head and mesosoma usually with ginal vein (®gs. 50, 81) ...... 25 granular sculpture or large dense 25(24). Female A13 moderately to distinctly punctures; Neotropical ...... larger than A12 (®g. 81); male A3 ..... Caecopria Masner &( (part) distinctly shorter than A4; marginal (p. 113) vein in forewing distinctly longer than ± Head normal, hypognathous ...... 31 stigmal vein; Nearctic and Neotropi- 31(30). Anterior margin of syntergite modi®ed, cal .... Paramesius Westwood &( notched medially, or sometimes (part) (p. 52) ¯exed (e.g., ®g. 59); Neotropical and ± Female A13 subequal to A12 in size or Valdivian ..... Idiotypa Foerster & even smaller; male A3 subequal in (part) (p. 51);? Idiotypa (Valdivian length to A4 or even longer; marginal spp.) (p. 52) vein in forewing subequal in length to ± Anterior margin of syntergite not mod- stigmal vein, rarely only slightly lon- i®ed, not ¯exed, without notch (e.g., ger...... 26 ®gs. 8, 12, 51, 70) ...... 32 26(25). Anterior scutellar pit absent (®g. 24); 32(31). All tarsi moderately to strongly com- pronotum sharply raised dorsomedi- pressed, higher than wide (®gs. 58, ally (®g. 23); propodeum and petiole 72, 76); legs unusually long and large, 18 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

hind tibia typically with constriction ± Median keel of propodeum at most only at extreme base (®gs. 52, 58, 66, weakly raised anteriorly, typically 72, 76); body rather large (2±6 mm), very low or entirely absent; propo- often with sculpture, specialized se- deum moderately to distinctly elon- tae, and/or light colors, ferrugineous gate, only moderately sloping or sub- to yellow; specialized associates of horizontal (®gs. 9, 52, 73) ..... 39 various ants ...... 33 38(37). Frontal depression sharply margined ± All tarsi cylindrical, almost as high as posterad (with midpoint) and laterad wide; legs normal to short and stout, (bulge above eye) (®g. 84); South hind tibia typically constricted in an- America ...... terior half; body rather small (ca. 1 ..Philolestoides FerrieÁre & (p. 101) mm), always smooth, dark, rarely ± Frontal depression unmargined, without with specialized setae or light col- point or tori (®g. 13); Central and ored; terricolous or rarely associates South America ...... of ants ...... 44 ...... Asolenopsia Kieffer & (part) 33(32). Antenna 11-segmented ...... 34 (p. 65) ± Antenna 12-segmented ...... 37 39(37). Eye absent (®g. 9); tibial spurs absent; 34(33). Pronotum anteromedially (not at pron- palpi absent; fore and middle basitarsi otal shoulders) produced into truncate ventrally projecting into strong spines process (®g. 74); metasternum (be- (®g. 9); dorsellum strongly devel- tween mid and hind coxae) produced oped; Nearctic (Florida) ...... into forked furca (®g. 76, arrow); .... Apopria, new genus & (p. 63) South America ...... ± Eye, tibial spurs, and palpi present; fore .....Notoxoides Ashmead & (part) and middle basitarsi not projecting (p. 97) ventrally; dorsellum relatively short ± Pronotum not produced anteromedially ...... 40 (pronotal shoulders sometimes wid- 40(39). S2 with dense brush of hairs medially ened); metasternum unarmed . . . 35 (®g. 73); temple and postgena with 35(34). Vertex remarkably elevated and topped rough rugulose keel (®g. 73); epom- up (®g. 100); pronotum with distinct ium bladelike projecting; South patch of rugosity in epomial area; fe- America ...... male antenna 11-segmented; meso- .... Neivapria Borgmeier & (p. 96) pleuron often with ®ne horizontal stri- ± S2 without tuft of hairs; temple and ae; Central and South America ..... postgena without keel; epomium ab- .... Turripria, new genus & (part) sent ...... 41 (p. 110) 41(40). Mesoscutum strongly humped antero- ± Vertex normally arched (®gs. 13, 72) medially (®gs. 51, 52); posterior part ...... 36 of propodeum constricted-elongate, 36(35). Frontal depression sharply margined causing impression of 2-segmented posterad (with midpoint) and laterad petiole (®gs. 51, 52); Nearctic and (bulge above eye) (®gs. 70, 72); inner Central America ...... apices of fore and mid tibiae sharply ..... Ecitovagus Masner &( (part) projecting (®g. 71); eye small, subcir- (p. 77) cular (®g. 72); Nearctic (southeastern ± Mesoscutum not humped anteromedial- USA) ...... ly (®gs. 58, 64, 66); propodeum of ... Myrmecopria Ashmead & (part) different shape ...... 42 (p. 94) 42(41). Metasoma past petiole short, subglobu- ± Frontal depression unmargined, without lar; syntergite in lateral view remark- midpoint or tori above eyes; apices of ably convex (®g. 58); smaller mem- fore and mid tibiae not projecting; eye bers 1.5±2.5 mm long; Nearctic, Cen- large, inverted, droplike (®g. 13); tral and South America ...... Central and South America ...... Labidopria Wasmann & (part) ...... Asolenopsia Kieffer & (part) (p. 83) (p. 65) ± Metasoma past petiole moderately elon- 37(33). Median keel of propodeum moderately gate, ovoid; syntergite in lateral view to strongly raised; propodeum rather only moderately convex (®gs. 64, 66); short and steeply sloping (®gs. 10, 11, larger members, 3.5±5.5 mm long . . 13,84)...... 38 ...... 43 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 19

43(42). Frons with moderate to distinct projec- tarsus expanded distally; Nearctic tions medially (point) and laterally (Holarctic) ...... (bulge above eye) (®gs. 65, 66); me- ...... Platymischus Westwood &( tasternum posterior of mid coxa not (p. 102) excavate (®g. 66); head and mesoso- ± Head in dorsal and lateral view more or ma predominantly to entirely sculp- less globular; eye sometimes small tured; South America ...... but not projecting; male A1 normal, ... Mimopria Holmgren &( (part) cylindrical, sex segment on A4; male (p. 89) forebasitarsus normal, not expanded ± Frons without projections (®g. 64); me- ...... 49 tasternum posterior of midcoxa deep- 49(48). Female antenna with abrupt 3- or 4-seg- ly excavate (®g. 64); head and meso- mented clava (®g. 22); area of pro- soma predominantly smooth; Central podeum between median keel and pli- and South America ...... ca almost glabrous; Nearctic and Neo- Mimopriella, new genus &( (part) tropical ...... (p. 90) ..... Basalys Westwood &( (part) 44(32). Petiole produced ®ngerlike dorsally (p. 70) above anterior margin of syntergite ± Female antenna with nonabrupt clava (®g. 25); female antenna usually 11- (®g. 99); area of propodeum between segmented, with abrupt 3-segmented median keel and plica hairy; Nearctic clava; propodeum strongly constricted and Neotropical ...... anteriorly, moderately to distinctly ex- ... Trichopria Ashmead &( (part) cavate posteriorly (®g. 26); Nearctic (p. 108) ...... Bruesopria Wing &( (part) 50(29). Submarginal vein in forewing remote (p. 72) from foremargin of wing by at least ± Petiole subcylindrical, as long as wide its own diameter (®gs. 22, 44; better or slightly elongate, not produced seen in anterior half of vein); margin- above syntergite ...... 45 al vein reaching past basal third of 45(44). Propodeum deeply excavate postero- wing length ...... 51 medially, lateral sides horseshoe-like ± Submarginal vein in forewing closely (®gs. 6, 16) ...... 46 approximated to foremargin of wing, ± Propodeum not excavate posteromedi- almost appearing contiguous (®gs. 64, ally, lateral sides not horseshoe-like 99); marginal vein reaching only be- ...... 47 fore basal third of wing length . . 53 46(45). Head distinctly elongate (®gs. 6, 7); 51(50). Forewing with basal vein (®g. 22); fe- mandibles falcate, opisthognathous; male antenna 12-segmented; Nearctic tergites after large tergite (T2 only) and Neotropical ...... extremely short, compressed (®g. 6); ..... Basalys Westwood &( (part) Nearctic (California) ...... (p. 70) ... Aneuropria Kieffer &( (p. 31) ± Forewing without basal vein; female an- ± Head subglobose (®g. 17); mandibles tenna 11-segmented ...... 52 clasped, hypognathous; tergites after 52(51). Frons with two sharp points and trans- syntergite (T2 ϩ T3) wide and not verse ledge (®g. 67); female antenna compressed (®g. 19); Nearctic, Mex- with abrupt 3-segmented clava; South ico,? Antilles ...... Auxopaedeutes America ...... Brues &( (part) (p. 67) ...... Mitropria Ogloblin & (part) 47(45). Female antenna 11-segmented, A10 and (p. 92) A11 remarkably enlarged (®g. 44); ± Frons unarmed or very rarely with 1 area of propodeum between median median point; female antenna A10 keel and plica almost glabrous; Ne- and A11 distinctly enlarged, clava arctic and Neotropical ...... strong but nonabrupt (®g. 44); Nearc- ...... Doliopria Kieffer &( (part) tic and Neotropical ..... Doliopria (p. 76) Kieffer &( (part) (p. 76) ± Female antenna 12-segmented .... 48 53(50). A2 inserted on A1 distinctly below apex 48(47). Head in dorsal and lateral view distinct- (®g. 95); female antenna 11-segment- ly elongate; eye small and projecting ed; vertex highly topped above eye (®g. 90); male A1 swollen, sex seg- (®g. 95); South America ...... ment on A3 (®g. 91); male forebasi- .... Szelenyisca Masner & (p. 106) 20 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

± A2 inserted at apex of A1 ...... 54 Myrmecopria Ashmead &( (part) 54(53). Vertex remarkably elevated (®g. 100); (p. 94) pronotum with distinct patch of ru- ± Inner apices of fore and mid tibiae un- gulosity in epomial area; female an- armed; mid and hind tibiae with 2 tenna 11-segmented; mesopleuron of- normal spurs; female antenna 12-seg- ten with ®ne horizontal striae; Central mented ...... 60 and South America ...... 60(59). Propodeum remarkably short, steeply .... Turripria, new genus & (part) sloping down, with moderate to (p. 110) strong median keel (®g. 84); body ± Vertex not elevated, normally arched with ®ne, tapered hairs; South Amer- (®gs. 58, 61, 64, 98) ...... 55 ica ...... 55(54). All tarsi moderately to strongly com- .... Philolestoides FerrieÁre & (part) pressed, higher than wide (®gs. 58, (p. 101) 66, 72, 76); head and mesosoma often ± Propodeum distinctly elongate, subhor- with sculpture and specialized setae; izontal (®g. 66), median keel absent all specialized associates of various or at most rudimentary; body with ants ...... 56 strong bristles, bristles often truncate ± All tarsi more or less cylindrical, as high apically; South America ...... as wide; head and mesosoma only ... Mimopria Holmgren &( (part) rarely sculptured, usually smooth and (p. 89) shining, only very rarely with spe- 61(56). S2 with large tuft of hairs at meson (®g. cialized setae; mostly free-living spe- 73); epomium sharp, bladelike; post- cies, rarely associated with ants .... gena with rough rugulose keel; South ...... 66 America . . . Neivapria Borgmeier & 56(55). Frontal depression sharply margined, (part) (p. 96) with midpoint and/or lateral bulge ± S2 without tuft of hairs; epomium usu- above eye (®gs. 52, 65, 72, 74, 84) ally not developed; postgena smooth ...... 57 or coriaceous, very rarely with minute ± Frontal depression not margined, with- keel ...... 62 out midpoint or bulge above eye (®gs. 62(61). Median keel of propodeum moderately 13,58,61,64,73,98) ...... 61 to strongly developed (®gs. 11, 61, 57(56). Pronotum anteromedially (not shoul- 98)...... 63 ders!) produced into truncate process ± Median keel of propodeum at most ru- (®g. 76); metasternum (between mid dimentary anteromedially (®gs. 58, and hind coxae) produced into forked 64)...... 65 furca (®g. 76, arrow); South America 63(62). Median keel of propodeum produced ... Notoxoides Ashmead &( (part) anteromedially into long ®ngerlike (p. 97) process, usually curved backward ± Pronotum not produced anteromedially (®g. 61); apex of female metasoma (shoulders sometimes widened); me- with extensive whitish or yellowish tasternum unarmed ...... 58 area; male A3±A13 either with 2 58(57). Mesoscutum strongly humped antero- moderate knots and whorls of bristles medially (®g. 51); posterior part of or with randomly scattered hairs; propodeum constricted, elongate, Central and South America ...... causing impression of 2-segmented Leucopria, new genus &( (p. 85) petiole (®gs. 51, 52); Nearctic and ± Median keel of propodeum not pro- Central America ...... duced into long ®ngerlike process ..... Ecitovagus Masner &( (part) (®gs. 11, 98); apex of female meta- (p. 77) soma without light spot; male (Aso- ± Mesoscutum normally arched antero- lenopsia gibba) A4-A14 with one medially (®gs. 66, 72, 84); propo- whorl of bristles ...... 64 deum of different shape ...... 59 64(63). Eye in lateral view moderately to dis- 59(58). Inner apices of fore and mid tibiae pro- tinctly higher than long, almost in- duced into strong spines (®g. 71); mid verted, droplike (®g. 13); head in lat- and hind tibiae with only single ru- eral view slightly higher than long; dimentary spur; female antenna 11- hairy cushions and/or foamy struc- segmented; Nearctic (southeastern tures occur; Central and South Amer- USA) ...... ica ...... 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 21

.... Asolenopsia Kieffer &( (part) apical sternite without carpet of pegs (p. 65) ...... 68 ± Eye in lateral view subcircular (®g. 98); 68(67). Scutellar disc distinctly concave at me- head in lateral view subglobular; son, with lateral keels raised; female hairy cushions and foamy structure antenna without clava, A4±A11 al- not developed; Nearctic (Sonora) . . . most beadlike (®g. 20); axillar de- Townesella Huggert and Masner & pression, metanotum, and propodeum (p. 107) with long dense pilosity dorsally); 65(62). Propodeum in lateral view moderately Nearctic (Florida), Antilles (Jamaica), to distinctly elongate, often subhori- Central America ...... zontal dorsally (®g. 64); hind femur ...... Avoca, new genus & (p. 69) only slightly compressed anteriorly ± Scutellar disc ¯attened or even convex (dorsal view); metasternum anteriorly and/or keeled at meson, lateral keels (posterior of mesocoxa) with deep not raised ...... 69 semicircular cleft (®g. 64); Central 69(68). Petiole in lateral view remarkably high- and South America . . Mimopriella, er than wide, ®ngerlike projection new genus &( (part) (p. 90) produced dorsally above anterior mar- ± Propodeum in lateral view short, dis- gin on syntergite (®g. 25); propodeum tinctly sloping down (®g. 58); hind fe- strongly constricted anteriorly (®g. mur remarkably compressed anterior- 26); female antenna with abrupt 3- ly (dorsal view); metasternum anteri- segmented clava; Nearctic ...... orly only rarely with shallow invagi- ...... Bruesopria Wing &( (Part) nation; Nearctic, Central and South (p. 72) America . . Labidopria Wasmann & ± Petiole in lateral view leveled with or (part) (p. 83) below anterior margin of syntergite; 66(55). Face or entire head (often also mesos- propodeum not constricted anteriorly cutum or syntergite) with dense, ®ne, ...... 70 semiappressed pilosity (®gs. 93, 94); 70(69). Propodeum deeply excavate postero- antennal shelf between toruli not de- medially almost to posterior margin veloped, space rounded; distance be- of dorsellum, i.e., median part and tween toruli larger than or subequal to keel absent, sides horseshoe-like (®g. distance between torulus and inner or- 16); small-sized individuals, about 1 bit (®g. 93); frenal gutter of forewing mm, light to dark brown, legs short sharply angular (®g. 94); female an- and stout; Nearctic, Mexico,? Antilles tenna 11-segmented; aquatic in habits; ... Auxopaedeutes Brues &( (part) Neartic and Neotropical . . Psycho- (p. 67) pria, new genus &( (p. 103) ± Propodeum posteromedially at most ± Face or other parts of body glabrous or moderately concave, median part and with only a few scattered long hairs keel usually well developed, sides not or bristles; antennal shelf between to- horseshoe-like ...... 71 ruli sharp, carinate; distance between 71(70). Occiput with short upright spine poster- toruli subequal to or shorter than dis- omedially (®g. 62); A1 with ®ne to tance between torulus and inner orbit; distinct longitudinal keels, apical rim frenal gutter of forewing not angular; bladelike sharp, often spinelike; me- female antenna predominantly 12- dian keel of propodeum long, pointed segmented; only a few aquatic species backward (®g. 62); male A3±A14 ...... 67 with ®ne irregular sculpture and long 67(66). Petiole large, robust, swollen vase- scattered nonwhorled hairs); Central shaped, smooth and glabrous dorsally and South America . . . Megaplasto- (®g. 36); female apical sternite with pria Ashmead &( (p. 87) massive carpet of stiff yellowish pegs ± Occiput unarmed; A1 without longitu- (®g. 35); legs remarkably short and dinal keels and with rounded apical strong, middle and hind basitarsi rim...... 72 shortened (®g. 36); Central and South 72(71). Petiole and propodeum entirely carpeted America . . . Cruzium, new genus & with dense pale pilosity obscuring (p. 73) surface (®gs. 68, 69); minute, gracile ± Petiole of different shape, usually small- members, around 1 mm long; anterior er, sculptured and/or hairy; female scutellar pit absent (®g. 68); male A4 22 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

not modi®ed; Nearctic and Neotropi- no deep cleft between mandibles and cal ...... clypeus; Central and South America Monelata Foerster ( (part) (p. 93) ± Petiole and propodeum at most sparsely .. Hansona, new genus &( (p. 81) hairy, with surface well visible 73 ± Forewing without marginal cilia; female 73(72). Pronotal shoulders strongly developed, A11 not markedly wider than preced- with sharply ¯exed edges (®g. 77); ing clavomeres (®g. 102); deep cleft body with scattered straight strong se- between mandibles and clypeus (®g. tae truncate apically; female antenna 102); South America ...... 12-segmented, male A3±A13 with ..... Xanthopria Brues & (p. 112) scattered nonwhorled hairs; South 79(77). Hind tibia along inner side with dense America ...... brush of setae (®g. 46); median keel .. Omopria, new genus &( (p. 99) of propodeum moderately to distinctly ± Pronotal shoulders at most moderately spatulate, ¯attened dorsally (®gs. 45, developed, not ¯exed, distinctly 47); entire body sculptured, netlike re- rounded ...... 74 ticulate or ®nely matte (®g. 45); Cen- 74(73). Body with scattered nail-like straight se- tral and South America ...... tae, setae truncate apically; body ro- .... Eladio, new genus &( (p. 79) bust; female antenna 11-segmented, ± Hind tibia at most with ®ne row of se- in one species 12-segmented; male tae; median keel of propodeum not A3±A13 with one whorl of bristles; spatulate, usually pointed-curved sides of propodeum posterolaterally backward (®g. 5) or nearly absent, strongly projecting (®g. 96); Central body usually smooth and shining, and South America ...... very rarely partly rugulose, never net- ...... Szelenyiopria Fabritius &( like reticulate or matte; Nearctic (Ar- (p. 105) izona, Texas), Neotropical ...... ± Body without scattered naillike setae, Acanthopria Ashmead &( (p. 61) setae appressed or tapered apically ...... 75 75(74). Apex of foretibia dorsally produced into  slightly curved spine ...... 76 CLAVE PARA LA SEPARACIONDE ± Apex of foretibia unarmed dorsally . . . LOS GE NEROS DE DIAPRIINAE DEL ...... 77 NUEVO MUNDO 76(75). Anterior margin of syntergite moderate- 1. Notaulus presente, profundo, completo o ru- ly to distinctly ¯exed and notched me- dimentario anteriormente, raras veces re- dially; female clava subpentamerous ducido a pequenÄa puntura proÂxima a la ar- (®g. 38); male A3 with longitudinal ticulacioÂn tansescutal ...... 2 keel; Nearctic (D. conica [Fabricius], ± Notaulus completamente ausente, mesoescuto cosmopolitan) ...... raras veces con depresiones muy leves en ...... Diapria Latreille &( (p. 75) la regioÂn del notaulus ...... 20 ± Anterior margin of syntergite straight, 2(1). TriaÂngulo ocelar claramente ubicado de- not ¯exed, without notch; female cla- lante de la zona ocular (®g. 82); pronoto va usually with less than 5 segments medialmente (incluyendo el cervix) tan (®g. 99); male A3 without keel; Ne- largo como el mesoescuto; metasoma arctic and Neotropical ...... despueÂs del pecõÂolo con un tergito trap- ... Trichopria Ashmead &( (part) ezoidal muy corto (®g. 82, ¯echa) se- (p. 108) guido por otro gran tergito (diminutos, 1 77(75). Female antenna 11-segmented; male mm de longitud, ala con cilias margin- A3±A13 with scattered nonwhorled ales muy largas); Neotropical ...... hairs, A3 and A4 clearly separated .. Peckidium, genero nuevo & (p. 117) ...... 78 ± TriaÂngulo ocelar ubicado en la zona ocular ± Female antenna 12-segmented; male o ligeramente detraÂs de ella (ocelos au- A3±A13 with one whorl of long bris- sentes en algunas especies aÂpteras o bra- tles, A3 and A4 fused (®gs. 1, 2) . . . quipteras); pronoto medialmente (inclu- ...... 79 yendo el cervix) claramente maÂs corto 78(77). Forewing with distinct marginal cilia; que el mesoescuto; primer tergito del female A11 remarkably enlarged, metasoma despueÂs del peciolo muy de- forming 1-segmented clava (®g. 57); sarrollado ...... 3 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 23

3(2). Ala anterior aparentemente sin venas, vena pubescencia densa; Neotropical .... submarginal transparente, sin pigmenta- Caecopria Masner ( (parte) (p. 113) cioÂn, no alcanza el margen anterior del ± Vena basal del ala anterior ausente (®g. ala (®g. 89), o con venacioÂn rudimen- 34); metasoma despueÂs del pecõÂolo fuer- taria o completamente ausente (®gs. 37, temente comprimido, maÂs alto que an- 79); no se conocen especies con alas re- cho; cuerpo casi glabro; Antillas . . . ducidas o aÂpteras ...... 4 .... Calogalesus Kieffer &( (p. 116) ± Ala anterior con la vena submarginal pig- 8(6). Margen anterior del sintergito recto, me- mentada, alcanzando el margen anterior dialmente sin incisioÂn o emarginacioÂn del ala a nivel de la vena marginal (p.ej., (p.ej., ®g. 88) ...... 9 ®g. 97); vena estigmal y otras venas fre- ± Margen anterior del sintergito medial- cuentemente desarrolladas (p.ej., ®g. mente o lateralmente con incisiones o 60); pueden encontrarse especies de alas ampliamente excavado o coÂncavo (®gs. reducidas o aÂpteras ...... 6 33,39,49,59) ...... 11 4(3). Frente con proyecciones agudas, puntas o 9(8). Notaulus marcadamente crenulado (®g. carenas (®gs. 37, 89); A1 relativamente 88); antena de la hembra sin clava; fosa corto, borde apical con laÂminas agudas escutelar anterior simple, muy desarrol- (®gs. 78, 79); mandõÂbulas proyectaÂndose lada; dorsellum con un largo proceso fuertemente hacia atraÂs, en forma de digitiforme (®g. 87); Valdiviana .... pico (®gs. 37, 89); foÂrmula antenal 12± ... Poecilopsilus Ogloblin &( (p. 56) 14 ...... 5 ± Notaulus no crenulado; antena de la hem- ± Frente sin proyecciones (®gs. 78, 79); A1 bra clavada (®gs. 81, 97) ...... 10 marcadamente alargado, borde apical re- 10(9). A13 en la hembra moderadamente o clar- dondeado, sin laÂminas (®g. 79); mandõÂ- amente maÂs largo que A12 (®g. 81); bulas no proyectadas posteriormente, A3 en el macho claramente maÂs corto cerradas sobre sõÂ mismas (®g. 79), foÂr- que A4; fosa escutelar anterior de for- mula antenal 11±13; NeaÂrtica (Arizona), ma variable, solo excepcionalmente bi- Centro y Sur AmeÂrica ...... foveada o dividida; NeaÂrtica y Neo- ... Ortona, genero nuevo &( (p. 34) tropical ...... 5(4). Ala anterior con la vena submarginal des- .. Paramesius Westwood &( (parte) pigmentada, de apariencia vidriosa (®g. (p. 52) 89), emarginacioÂn apical y pliege medio ± A13 en la hembra al menos igual en lon- ausente; occipucio redondeado (®g. 89); gitud a A12, frecuentemente maÂs corto A3 en los machos claramente maÂs corto (®g. 97); A3 en el macho al menos tan que A4; NeaÂrtica ...... largo como A4, frecuentemente maÂs ...... Psilus Panzer &( (p. 37) largo; fosa escutelar anterior siempre ± Ala anterior soÂlo con rudimentos despig- bifoveada; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical . . . mentados de la vena submarginal (®g. Spilomicrus Westwood &( (parte) 37), emarginacioÂn apical y pliege medio (p. 57) presentes (en todos los & y en algunos 11(8). Antena con 12 o 14 segmentos .... 12 () (®g. 37), o ausentes (en algunos (); ± Antena con 13 segmentos ...... 14 occipucio marcadamente angular (®g. 12(11). Antena con 12 segmentos, clava muy 37); A3 en los machos similar en lon- desarrollada, multisegmentada, pero gitud a A4; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical . . . nunca abrupta (®g. 60); ala anterior ...... Coptera Say &( (p. 33) con la vena postmarginal moderada- 6(3). Frente armada con agudos salientes sobre mente desarrollada (®g. 60); fosa es- los ojos o cerca a los ocelos (®gs. 30, cutelar anterior usualmente dividida 31, 34); mandõÂbulas proyectaÂndose fuer- en tres partes (®g. 59); cuerpo gener- temente hacia atraÂs, en forma de pico almente de coloracioÂn clara, desde (®gs. 29, 31, 34) ...... 7 marroÂn rojizo a amarillo; existen for- ± Frente lisa, mandõÂbulas sin proyectarse ha- mas con alas reducidas o sin ellas; cia atraÂs, cerradas sobre sõÂ mismas .... NeaÂrtica y Neotropical ...... 8 Idiotypa Foerster & (parte) (p. 51) 7(6). Vena basal del ala anterior fuertemente ± Antena con 14 segmentos (&() ..... pigmentada, dirigieÂndose hacia la base ...... 13 de la vena marginal (®g. 31); metasoma 13(12). Vena basal del ala anterior perfecta- despueÂs del pecõÂolo claramente maÂs an- mente perpendicular a la vena sub- cho que alto; cuerpo frecuentemente con marginal (®g. 32); vena estigmal cor- 24 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

ta, formando un angulo obtuso con la el macho apreciablemente maÂs corto vena marginal; antena de la hembra que A4; vena marginal del ala anterior con clava gradual, clavoÂmeros sub- 2±3 veces maÂs larga que la vena es- cuadrados; labro no expuesto; Valdi- tigmal (®g. 81); NeaÂrtica y Neotropi- viana ...... cal ...... Chilomicrus, genero nuevo&( Paramesius Westwood &( (parte) (p. 40) (p. 52) ± Vena basal del ala anterior moderada- ± Esternito apical de la hembra poco de- mente arqueada, formando un aÂngulo sarrollado, maÂs corto que 3 esternitos agudo con la vena submarginal (®g. precedentes (®gs. 53, 56); A3 en el 101); vena estigmal claramente alar- macho similar o maÂs largo que A4; gada, casi perpendicular a la vena vena marginal del ala anterior gener- marginal; antena de la hembra con almente corta (®gs. 60, 85), menos clava poco mani®esta, gradual, cla- freqentemente maÂs larga que la estig- voÂmeros semiesfeÂricos (®g. 101); la- mal (®gs. 53, 56) ...... 17 bro expuesto; Valdiviana ...... 17(16). Ala posterior con la celda basal cerrada .. Xenismarus Ogloblin &( (p. 59) (®gs. 53, 56); fosa escutelar anterior 14(11). Vena marginal del ala anterior notable- bifoveada, las foveas frecuentemente mente larga, de 3.3 a 5.5 veces maÂs se confunden con la fuerte escultura- larga que la estigmal (®g. 40); mejilla cioÂn que las rodea; epomium siempre con una serie de estrias en forma de muy bien desarrollado (®gs. 53, 56) abanico que alcanzan el margen in- ...... 18 ferior del ojo (®g. 40); pecõÂolo su- ± Ala posterior sin celda basal cerrada mamente largo, similar en longitud al (®gs. 60, 85); fosa escutelar anterior largo del resto del metasoma; meso- trifoveada (®g. 59) o la fosa reempla- soma y pecõÂolo frecuentemente con zada por un arco de pequenÄas puntua- escultura rugulosa muy fuerte; no se ciones o crenulas (®g. 86); epomium conocen formas con alas reducidas; soÂlo raras veces desarrrollado . . . 19 Centro y Sur AmeÂrica ...... 18(17). Borde apical de A1 continuo, sin una Doddius, genero nuevo&( (p. 43) excavacioÂn ventral, ni producido en ± Vena marginal del ala anterior como laÂminas (®g. 55b); clipeo claramente maÂximo 3veces el largo de la vena es- maÂs ancho que largo, margen anterior tigmal, usualmente maÂs corta; mejilla recto y no prominente; mejilla sin es- tõÂpicamente sin estrõÂas, en raras oca- triaciones (®g. 56); Valdiviana . . . siones un pequenÄo abanico en la parte .... Ferrugenus, genero nuevo&( inferior, pero nunca llegan a alcanzar (p. 48) el margen inferior del ojo (pueden ex- ± Borde apical del A1 profundamente ex- istir formas con alas reducidas) .... cavado ventralmente y con expan- ...... 15 siones laminares (p.ej., ®g. 55a); cli- 15(14). Vena estigmal del ala anterior clara- peo ligeramente alargado, con el mar- mente alargada, usualmente subigual gen anterior prominente; mejilla fre- en longitud o maÂs larga que la vena cuentemente con estrias cortas en marginal (®gs. 48, 50); aÂpice del ala forma de abanico (®g. 53); Valdiviana anterior frecuentemente subtruncado ..... Epomium, genero nuevo &( o emarginado (®g. 50); fosa escutelar (p. 46) anterior no dividida, bien desarrollada 19(17). Quilla media del propodeo fuertemente y profunda (®g. 49), muy raramente desarrollada, puntiaguda, general- con algunas quillas longitudinales en mente dirijida hacia atraÂs (®g. 60); el fondo; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical . . . vena postmarginal del ala anterior ..... Entomacis Foerster &( (parte) moderada a claramente desarrollada (p. 44) (®g. 60); vena basal del ala anterior ± Vena estigmal del ala anterior corta, maÂs recta, inclinada formando un aÂngulo corta que la vena marginal (®gs. 53, agudo junto a la vena submarginal 56, 60, 81, 85); aÂpice del ala anterior (®g. 60); cuerpo generalmente con co- redondeado ...... 16 loracioÂn clara; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical 16(15). Esternito apical de la hembra muy de- Idiotypa Foerster ( (parte) (p. 51) sarrollado, coÂnico, maÂs largo que 3 ± Quilla media del propodeo soÂlo moder- esternitos precedentes (®g. 81); A3 en adamente desarrollada, rudimentaria, 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 25

o ausente (®g. 85), muy raramente i®estamente maÂs larga que la vena es- puntiaguda; vena postmarginal del ala tigmal; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical .... anterior rudimentaria; vena basal del .. Paramesius Westwood &( (parte) ala anterior moderada a fuertemente (p. 52) arqueada (®g. 85); coloracioÂn del ± A13 en la hembra similar en tamanÄo a cuerpo usualmente negra; NeaÂrtica y A12 o menor; A3 en el macho similar Neotropical ...... en longitud a A4 o maÂs largo; vena ..... Pentapria Kieffer &( (parte) marginal del ala anterior similar en (p. 54) longitud a la vena estigmal, en raras 20(1). Antena con 13 segmentos...... 21 ocasiones ligeramente maÂs larga .... ± Antena con un nuÂmero diferente de seg- ...... 26 mentos ...... 29 26(25). Fosa escutelar anterior ausente (®g. 24); 21(20). Alas reducidas, usualmente no sobrepa- pronoto dorsalmente con una eleva- san el pecõÂolo, venas reducidas o au- cioÂn aguda (®g. 23); propodeo y pe- sentes, o alas completamente ausentes cõÂolo densamente cubiertos a manera ...... 22 de una alfombra por pubescencia dim- ± Alas bien desarrolladas, alcanzando o inuta y aterciopelada; Sur AmeÂrica sobrepasando el aÂpice del metasoma, ... Bruchopria Kieffer &( (p. 39) venas submarginal y marginal presen- ± Fosa escutelar anterior presente, entera tes ...... 24 o bifoveada ...... 27 22(21). Margen anterior del sintergito recto, sin 27(26). Vena estigmal del ala anterior clara- incision, emarginacioÂn, o excavacioÂn; mente alargada (®g. 50); margen an- NeaÂrtica y Neotropical . . . Spilomi- terior del sintergito con una incisoÂn o crus Westwood &( (parte) (p. 57) excavacioÂn, frecuentemente tambieÂn ± Margen anterior del sintergito con inci- ¯exionado (®g. 49); aÂpice del ala ante- sioÂn, emarginacioÂn o excavacioÂn ... rior frecuentemente subtruncado o ...... 23 emarginado; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical 23(22). Surco malar desarrollado; clava antenal .....Entomacis Foerster &( (parte) en la hembra abrupta de 3 segmentos; (p. 44) cuerpo de coloracioÂn clara, desde an- ± Vena estigmal del ala anterior corta aranjado hasta amarillo; Valdiviana (p.ej., ®g. 97); margen anterior del ..... ¿Idiotypa? Foerster & (parte) sintergito recto; aÂpice del ala anterior (p. 52) redondeado ...... 28 ± Surco malar ausente; clava antenal en la 28(27). Fosa escutelar anterior bifoveada; vena hembra gradual; cuerpo de coloracioÂn basal del ala anterior generalmente pre- obscura generalmente negra; Neotrop- sente (nebulosa); frente lisa, sin proy- ical ...... ecciones; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical ...... Pentapria Kieffer &( (parte) .. Spilomicrus Westwood &( (parte) (p. 54) (p. 57) 24(21). Vena submarginal del ala anterior muy ± Fosa escutelar anterior entera; vena bas- proÂxima al margen anterior del ala, al del ala anterior ausente; frente con i.e., celda costal casi ausente (®g. 69); dos proyecciones agudas y un pliege fosa escutelar anterior ausente; A13 transverso (®g. 67); Sur AmeÂrica . . . en la hembra muy desarrollado, ovo- ..... Mitropria Ogloblin ( (parte) ide (®g. 69); pecõÂolo y propodeo com- (p. 92) pletamente cubiertos por una densa 29(20). Alas reducidas, usualmente sin sobre- pilosidad paÂlida semejante a una al- pasar el pecõÂolo, venas reducidas o fombra; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical .... ausentes, o alas completamente au- Monelata Foerster & (parte) (p. 93) sentes ...... 30 ± Vena submarginal del ala anterior clar- ± Alas completamente desarrolladas, amente separada del margen anterior usualmente sobrepasando el aÂpice del del ala, i.e., celda costal al menos tan metasoma, venas submarginal y mar- ancha como la vena submarginal (®gs. ginal presentes ...... 50 50,81)...... 25 30(29). Cabeza claramente opistognata (®g. 29); 25(24). A13 en la hembra moderado o aprecia- frente con proyecciones agudas sobre blemente mayor que A12 (®g. 81); A3 los ojos; ojos reducidos a un simple en el macho claramente maÂs corto que omatidio, o raras veces totalmente au- A4; vena marginal del ala anterior man- sentes; cabeza y mesosoma usual- 26 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

mente con escultura granular o con Sur AmeÂrica ...... puntuaciones bien desarrolladas y Turripria, genero nuevo & (parte) densas; Neotropical ...... (p. 110) .... Caecopria Masner &( (parte) ±VeÂrtice normalmente arqueado (®gs. 13, (p. 113) 72)...... 36 ± Cabeza normal, hipognata ...... 31 36(35). DepresioÂn frontal claramente marginada 31(30). Margen anterior del sintergito modi®- en la parte posterior (con un punto cado, con incisioÂn medial, o algunas medio) y lateralmente (torus sobre los veces ¯exionado (p.ej., ®g. 59); Neo- ojos) (®gs. 70, 72); aÂpices internos de tropical y Valdiviana ..... Idiotypa las tibias anteriores y medias proyec- Foerster & (parte) (p. 51), ¿Idiotypa? tados agudamente (®g. 71); ojos pe- (especies Valdivianas) (p. 52) quenÄos, subcirculares (®g. 72); NeaÂr- ± Margen anterior del sintergito sin mod- tica (sur este de Estados Unidos) . . . i®caciones, sin incision, sin estar ¯ex- Myrmecopria Ashmead & (parte) ionado (p.ej., ®gs. 8, 12, 51, 70) . . . (p. 94) ...... 32 ± DepresioÂn frontal sin marginar, sin pun- 32(31). Todos los tarsos moderada a fuerte- to medio o tori sobre los ojos, aÂpices mente comprimidos, maÂs altos que de las tibias anteriores y medias no anchos (®gs. 58, 66, 72, 76); patas ex- proyectados; ojos grandes, similares a tremadamente largas y desarrolladas, una gota invertida (®g. 13); Centro y tibias posteriores tõÂpicamente com- Sur AmeÂrica ...... primidas soÂlo en el extremo basal ..... Asolenopsia Kieffer & (parte) (®gs. 52, 58, 66, 72, 76); cuerpo maÂs (p. 65) bien grande (2±6 mm), frecuente- 37(33). Quilla media del propodeo moderada a mente con escultura, setas especiali- fuertemente elevada; propodeo mas zadas y/o coloracioÂn clara, de ferru- bien corto y de pendiente escarpada o ginea a amarilla; especies asociadas abrupta (®gs. 10, 11, 13, 84) . . . 38 con hormigas ...... 33 ± Quilla media del propodeo levemente ± Todos los tarsos cilõÂndricos, casi tan al- levantada soÂlo anteriormente, tõÂpica- tos como anchos; patas normales cor- mente muy baja o completamente au- tas y gruesas, tibias posteriores tõÂpi- sente; propodeo moderado marcada- camente comprimidas en la mitad an- mente alargado, soÂlo de pendiente terior; cuerpo maÂs bien pequenÄo (ca.1 suave o subhorizontal (®gs. 9, 52, 73) mm), siempre liso, de coloracioÂn ob- ...... 39 scura, raramente de coloracioÂn clara o 38(37). DepresioÂn frontal claramente delimitada con setas especializadas; especies ter- posteriormente (con un punto medio) rõÂcolas, raramente asociadas con hor- y lateralmente (torus sobre el ojo) migas ...... 44 (®g. 84) ...... 33(32). Antena con 11 segmentos ...... 34 ..Philolestoides FerrieÁre & (p. 101) ± Antena con 12 segmentos ...... 37 ± DepresioÂn frontal sin delimitar, sin pun- 34(33). Pronoto anteromedialmente (no en los to o tori (®g. 13); Centro y Sur AmeÂr- hombros) proyectado hacia adelante ica ...... en un proceso trunco (®g. 74); me- ..... Asolenopsia Kieffer & (parte) taesterno (entre las coxas medias y (p. 65) posteriores) producido en una furca 39(37). Ojos ausentes (®g. 9); espinas de las tib- (®g. 76, ¯echa); Sur AmeÂrica .... ias ausentes; palpos ausentes; basitar- .... Notoxoides Ashmead & (parte) sos anteriores y medios ventralmente (p. 97) proyectaÂndose en fuertes espinas (®g. ± Pronoto anteriomedialmente sin proy- 9); dorsellum marcadamente desarrol- eccioÂn (hombros algunas veces maÂs lado; NeaÂrtica (Florida) ...... anchos de lo normal); metaesterno sin .. Apopria, genero nuevo & (p. 63) furca ...... 35 ± Ojos, espinas de las tibias y palpos pre- 35(34). VeÂrtice marcadamente elevado (®g. sentes; basitarsos anteriores y medios 100); pronoto con un aÂrea rugosa bien sin proyectarse ventralmente; dorsel- diferenciada en la zona del epomium; lum relativamente corto ...... 40 antena en la hembra con 11 segmen- 40(39). S2 medialmente con un penacho de tos; mesopleuron frecuentemente con densa pubescencia (®g. 73); temple y estrias horizontales ®nas; Centro y postgena con una fuerte quilla irreg- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 27

ular (®g. 73); epomium proyectaÂndose ± PecõÂolo subcilindrico, tan largo como anteriormente en una ®na laÂmina; Sur ancho o ligeramente alargado, sin AmeÂrica ...... proyectarse sobre el sintergito ...... Neivapria Borgmeier & (p. 96) ...... 45 ± S2 sin penacho de pelos; temple y post- 45(44). Propodeo con una profunda excavacioÂn gena sin quilla; epomium ausente . . . posteromedialmente, en forma de her- ...... 41 radura (®gs. 6, 16) ...... 46 41(40). Parte anteromedial del mesoescuto fuer- ± Propodeo posteromedialmente sin exca- temente encorvada (®gs. 51, 52); par- vacioÂn ...... 47 te posterior del propodeo alargada, 46(45). Cabeza claramente alargada; mandõÂbu- comprimida, dando la impresioÂn de un las falcadas, opistognatas (®gs. 6, 7); pecõÂolo con dos segmentos (®gs. 51, tergitos despueÂs del tergito mayor 52); NeaÂrtica y Centro AmeÂrica . . . (soÂlo T2) extremadamente cortos, ..... Ecitovagus Masner &( (parte) comprimidos (®g. 6); NeaÂrtica (Cali- (p. 77) fornia) ...... ± Mesoescuto normal (®gs. 58, 64, 66); ... Aneuropria Kieffer &( (p. 31) propodeo de forma diferente .... 42 ± Cabeza subglobosa (®g. 17); mandõÂbulas 42(41). Metasoma despueÂs del peciolo corto, cerradas sobre sõ mismas, hipognatas; subglobular, sintergito en vista lateral tergitos despueÂs del sintergito (T2 ϩ marcadamente convexo (®g. 58); es- T3) anchos, no comprimidos (®g. 19); pecies de tamanÄo pequenÄo de 1.5±2.5 NeaÂrtica, MeÂxico, ¿Antillas? ..... mm de longitud; NeaÂrtica, Centro y .. Auxopaedeutes Brues &( (parte) Sur AmeÂrica ...... (p. 67) ....Labidopria Wasmann & (parte) 47(45). Antena en la hembra de 11 segmentos, (p. 83) A10 y A11 marcadamente desarrol- ± Metasoma despueÂs del pecõÂolo modera- lados (®g. 44); aÂrea del propodeo en- damente alargado, ovoide, sintergito tre la quilla media y la plica casi gla- en vista lateral soÂlo moderadamente bra; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical ...... convexo (®gs. 64, 66); especies ma- ..... Doliopria Kieffer &( (p. 76) yores, de 3.5±5.5 mm de longitud . . ± Antena de la hembra con 12 segmentos ...... 43 ...... 48 43(42). Frente con proyecciones mediales de 48(47). Cabeza dorsal y lateralmente alargada, moderadas a fuertes (puntos) y later- ojos pequenÄos y salientes (®g. 90); A1 almente (torus sobre el ojo) (®gs. 65, en los machos muy desarrollado y 66); metaesterno detraÂs de la coxa abultado, segmento sexual en A3 (®g. media recto, no excavado (®g. 66); 91); basitarsos anteriores de los ma- cabeza y mesosoma predominante- chos distalmente expandidos; NeaÂrti- mente o completamente esculturados; ca (HolaÂrtico) ...... Sur AmeÂrica ...... Platymischus Westwood &( ... Mimopria Holmgren &( (parte) (p. 102) (p. 89) ± Cabeza dorsal y lateralmente maÂs o ± Frente sin proyecciones (®g. 64); me- menos globular; ojos algunas veces taesterno detraÂs de la coxa posterior pequenÄos pero nunca salientes; A1 en excavado (®g. 64); cabeza y mesoso- el macho normal, cilõÂndrico, segmento ma predominantemente lisos; Centro sexual en A4; basitarsos anteriores de y Sur AmeÂrica ...... el macho normales, no expandidos . . ... Mimopriella, genero nuevo &( ...... 49 (parte) (p. 90) 49(48). Antena de la hembra con una clava 44(32). PecõÂolo producido dorsalmente por en- abrupta de 3 o 4 segmentos (®g. 22); cima del margen anterior del sinter- aÂrea del propodeo entre la quilla me- gito (®g. 25); antena de la hembra dia y plica casi glabra; NeaÂrtica y usualmente con 11 segmentos y una Neotropical ...... clava abrupta de 3 segmentos; pro- .... Basalys Westwood &( (parte) podeo anteriormente con una fuerte (p. 70) constriccioÂn, moderado a claramente ± Antena de la hembra con la clava grad- excavado posteriormente (®g. 26); ual, no abrupta (®g. 99); aÂrea del pro- NeaÂrtica .... Bruesopria Wing &( podeo entre la quilla media y plica (parte) (p. 72) pubescente; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical 28 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

...Trichopria Ashmead &( (parte) tura y con setas especializadas; espe- (p. 108) cies asociadas con hormigas .... 56 50(29). Vena submarginal del ala anterior distin- ± Todos los tarsos maÂs o menos cilõÂndri- tivamente separada del margen ante- cos, tan altos como anchos; cabeza y rior al menos por una distancia igual mesosoma soÂlo raras veces esculpi- al diaÂmetro de la vena (®gs. 22, 44; das, usualmente lisos y brillantes, soÂlo maÂs faÂcil de apreciar en la mitad an- muy raras veces con setas especiali- terior de la vena); vena marginal al- zadas; principalmente especies de canzando o sobrepasando el tercio vida libre, raramente asociadas con basal de la longitud del ala ..... 51 hormigas ...... 66 ± Vena submarginal del ala anterior muy 56(55). DepresioÂn frontal claramente delimita- proÂxima al margen anterior del ala, da, con un punto medio y/o torus lat- casi contigua (®gs. 64, 69); vena mar- eral sobre el ojo (®gs. 52, 65, 72, 74, ginal no llega a alcanzar el tercio bas- 84)...... 57 al de la longitud del ala...... 53 ± DepresioÂn frontal sin delimitar, sin pun- 51(50). Ala anterior con vena basal (®g. 22); an- to medio ni torus sobre el ojo (®gs. tena de la hembra con 12 segmentos; 13,58,61,64,73,98) ...... 61 NeaÂrtica y Neotropical .... Basalys 57(56). Pronoto anteromedialmente (no en los Westwood &( (parte) (p. 70) hombros) proyectado hacia adelante ± Ala anterior sin vena basal; antena de la en un proceso trunco (®g. 76); me- hembra con 11 segmentos ...... 52 taesterno (entre las coxas medias y 52(51). Frente con dos proyecciones puntiagu- posteriores) producido en una furca das y una carena transversal (®g. 67); (®g. 76, ¯echa); Sur AmeÂrica .... clava antenal de la hembra abrupta y .. Notoxoides Ashmead &( (parte) de 3 segmentos; Sur AmeÂrica .... (p. 97) ..... Mitropria Ogloblin & (parte) ± Pronoto no producido (hombros algunas (p. 92) veces maÂs anchos de lo normal); me- ± Frente sin proyecciones o carenas, muy taesterno sin furca ...... 58 raramente con una pequenÄa proyec- 58(57). Parte anteromedial de mesoescuto fuer- cioÂn puntiforme en la parte antero- temente encorvada (®g. 51); parte medial; A10 y A11 de la antena de la posterior del propodeo alargada y hembra muy desarrollados, clava comprimida, dando la impresioÂn de fuerte pero gradual (®g. 44); NeaÂrtica un pecõÂolo con 2 segmentos (®gs. 51, y Neotropical ...... 52); NeaÂrtica y Centro AmeÂrica ...... Doliopria Kieffer &( (parte) .... Ecitovagus Masner &( (parte) (p. 76) (p. 77) 53(50). InsercioÂn de A2 claramente antes del ± Mesoescuto anteromedialmente normal- aÂpice de A1 (®g. 95); antena de la mente arqueado (®gs. 66, 72, 84); hembra de 11 segmentos; veÂrtice ele- propodeo de forma distinta ..... 59 vaÂndose notablemente sobre el nivel 59(58). AÂ pices internos de las tibias anteriores de los ojos (®g. 95); Sur AmeÂrica . . y medias proyectados en fuertes es- .... Szelenyisca Masner & (p. 106) pinas (®g. 71); tibias medias y poster- ± InsercioÂn de A2 en el aÂpice de A1 . . . iores solamente con espinas rudimen- ...... 54 tarias; antena de la hembra con 11 54(53). VeÂrtice marcadamente elevado (®g. segmentos; NeaÂrtica (sur este de Es- 100); pronoto con una aÂrea rugosa en tados Unidos) ...... la regioÂn del epomium; antena de la Myrmecopria Ashmead &( (parte) hembra con 11 segmentos; mesopleu- (p. 94) ron frecuentemente con estrias horizon- ± AÂ pices internos de las tibias anteriores tales ®nas; Centro y Sur AmeÂrica . . . y medias sin proyectarse; tibias me- .. Turripria, genero nuevo & (parte) dias y teriores con dos espinas nor- (p. 110) males; antena de la hembra con 12 ± VeÂrtice normalmente arqueado (®gs. 58, segmentos ...... 60 61,64,98)...... 55 60(59). Propodeo muy corto, de pendiente es- 55(54). Todos los tarsos moderada a fuerte- carpada o abrupta, con una quilla me- mente comprimidos, maÂs altos que dia moderada o fuerte (®g. 84); cuer- anchos (®gs. 58, 66, 72, 76); cabeza po con pubescencia ®na, acuminada; y mesosoma generalmente con escul- Sur AmeÂrica ...... 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 29

... Philolestoides FerrieÁre & (parte) ± Ojo en vista lateral subcircular (®g. 98); (p. 101) cabeza en vista lateral subglobular; ± Propodeo claramente alargado, subhori- sin mechones de pubescencia o es- zontal (®g. 66), quilla media ausente tructuras esponjosas; NeaÂrtica (Sono- o rudimentaria; cuerpo con cerdas ra) ...... fuertes, cerdas frecuentemente trun- Townesella Huggert and Masner & cadas en el aÂpice; Sur AmeÂrica .... (p. 107) Mimopria Holmgren &( (parte) 65(62). Propodeo en vista lateral moderado o (p. 89) claramente alargado, frecuentemente 61(56). S2 con un penacho de densa pubescen- con el dorso subhorizontal (®g. 64); cia (®g. 73); epomiun proyectaÂndose feÂmur posterior soÂlo ligeramente com- anteriormente en una ®na laÂmina; primido anteriormente (vista dorsal); zona temporal y postgena con una metasterno anteriormente (detraÂs de la quilla fuerte irregular; Sur AmeÂrica mesocoxa) con una excavacioÂn pro- .... Neivapria Borgmeier & (parte) funda semicircular (®g. 64); Centro y (p. 96) Sur AmeÂrica ...... ± S2 sin penacho de pelos; epomiun ... Mimopriella, genero nuevo &( usualmente no desarrollado; zona (parte) (p. 90) temporal y postgena lisa o coricea, ± Propodeo en vista lateral corto, clara- muy raramente con una quilla dimi- mente inclinado hacia abajo (®g. 58); nuta ...... 62 femur posterior marcadamente com- 62(61). Quilla media del propodeo moderada a primido anteriormente (vista dorsal); fuertemente desarrollada (®gs. 11, 61, metaesterno anteriormente soÂlo con 98)...... 63 una pequenÄa y poco profunda inva- ± Quilla media del propodeo cuando mu- ginacioÂn; NeaÂrtica, Centro y Sur cho rudimentaria y soÂlo en la parte AmeÂrica ...... anterior (®gs. 58, 64) ...... 65 ....Labidopria Wasmann & (parte) 63(62). Quilla media del propodeo proyectaÂn- (p. 83) dose anteromedialmente en un largo 66(55). Cara o la cabeza por completo, frecuen- proceso digitiforme, con frecuencia temente tambieÂn el mesoescuto o el curva hacia atraÂs (®g. 61); aÂpice del gran sintergito cubiertos con pubes- metasoma en la hembra con un aÂrea cencia ®na semiadosada (®gs. 93, 94); extensa de coloracioÂn blancuzca o placa antenal entre los toruli sin de- amarillenta; A3±A13 en el macho sarrollar; distancia entre los toruli siempre con dos nudos o engrosa- mayor o similar a la distancia entre el mientos moderados, los cuales pueden torulus y la orbita interna del ojo (®g. poseer verticilos de cerdas o bien pe- 93); margen anal del ala anterior clar- los esparcidos al azar en todo el seg- amente angular (®g. 94); antena de la mento; Centro y Sur AmeÂrica .... hembra con 11 segmentos; haÂbitos ac- ..... Leucopria, genero nuevo &( uaÂticos; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical ..... (p. 85) Psychopria, genero nuevo &( ± Quilla media del propodeo sin proyec- (p. 103) tarse en un largo proceso digitiforme ± Cara y otras partes del cuerpo glabras o (®gs. 11, 98); aÂpice del metasoma en soÂlo con algunos pocos pelos o cerdas la hembra sin aÂreas de coloracioÂn maÂs esparcidos; placa antenal entre los to- clara que el resto; macho (Asolenop- ruli aguda, carenada; distancia entre sia gibba) A4-A14 con solo un ver- los toruli similar o maÂs corta que la ticilo de cerdas ...... 64 distancia entre cada torulus y la oÂrbita 64(63). Ojo en vista lateral moderada a distin- interna del ojo; margen anal del ala tamente maÂs alto que largo, casi sim- anterior no angulado; antena de la ilar a una gota invertida (®g. 13); ca- hembra predominantemente con 12 beza en vista lateral ligeramente maÂs segmentos; soÂlo unas pocas especies alta que larga; mechones de densa pu- acuaÂticas ...... 67 bescencia o aÂreas con estructuras 67(66). PecõÂolo grande, robusto, en forma de aÂn- eponjosas presentes en varias partes fora, dorsalmente liso y glabro (®g. del cuerpo; Centro y Sur AmeÂrica . . 36); esternito apical en la hembra con ... Asolenopsia Kieffer &( (parte) una cubierta masiva de cerdas muy (p. 65) gruesas y fuertes, amarillentas (®g. 30 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

35); patas marcadamente cortas y regular y pelos largos esparcidos sin fuertes, basitarsos medios y poster- formar verticilos); Centro y Sur iores acortados (®g. 36); Centro y Sur AmeÂrica ...... AmeÂrica ...... Megaplastopria Ashmead &( ..Cruzium, genero nuevo & (p. 73) (p. 87) ± PecõÂolo de forma diferente, usualmente ± Occipucio sin espina; A1 sin quillas lon- mas pequenÄo, esculpido y/o piloso; gitudinales y con el borde apical re- esternito apical en la hembra sin la dondeado ...... 72 cubierta masiva de cerdas ...... 68 72(71). PecõÂolo y propodeo completamente cu- 68(67). Disco escutelar claramente coÂncavo al biertos por una densa pilosidad, se- meson, con quillas laterales elevadas; mejante a un alfombra que impide ver antena de la hembra sin clava, A4± su super®cie (®gs. 68, 69); especies A11 moniliformes (®g. 20); depresioÂn diminutas, graÂciles, aproximadamente axilar, metanoto y parte dorsal del de 1 mm de longitud; fosa escutelar propodeo cubiertos con pilosidad anterior ausente (®g. 68); A4 en el densa y larga; NeaÂrtica (Florida), An- macho no esta modi®cado; NeaÂrtica y tillas (Jamaica), Centro AmeÂrica . . . Neotropical ...... Avoca, genero nuevo & (p. 69) ...... Monelata Foerster & (parte) ± Disco escutelar aplanado o ligeramente (p. 93) convexo y/o con quillas en el meson, ± PecõÂolo y propodeo cuando mucho con quillas laterales no elevadas .... 69 pelos esparcidos, super®cie bien visi- 69(68). PecõÂolo en vista lateral mucho maÂs alto ble ...... 73 que ancho, con una proyeccioÂn digi- 73(72). Hombros del pronoto fuertemente de- tiforme dorsal sobre el margen ante- sarrollados, con los bordes aguda- rior del sintergito (®g. 25); propodeo mente ¯exionados (®g. 77); cuerpo anteriormente con una fuerte constric- con setas esparcidas, rectas, fuertes y cioÂn (®g. 26); antena de la hembra apicalmente truncadas; antena de la con clava abrupta de 3 segmentos; hembra con 12 segmentos; A3±A13 NeaÂrtica ...... en el macho con pelos esparcidos sin ..... Bruesopria Wing &( (parte) formar verticilos; Sur AmeÂrica ..... (p. 72) Omopria, genero nuevo &( (p. 99) ± PecõÂolo en vista lateral al mismo nivel o maÂs bajo que el margen anterior del ± Hombros del pronoto cuando mucho sintergito; propodeo sin constriccioÂn moderadamente desarrollados, sin es- anterior ...... 70 tar ¯exionados, claramente redondea- 70(69). Parte posteromedial del propodeo con dos...... 74 una profunda excavacioÂn alcanzando 74(73). Cuerpo con setas esparcidas, rectas y casi el margen posterior del dorsel- truncada; cuerpo robusto; antena de la lum, p.ej. parte media y quilla ausen- hembra con 11 segmentos, muy raras tes, lados en forma de herradura (®g. 12 segmentos; A3±A13 en el macho 16); individuos de tamanÄo pequenÄo, verticilados; lados del propodeo fuer- alrededor de 1, 0 mm, marroÂn claro a temente proyectados posterolateral- obscuro, patas cortas y robustas; mente (®g. 96); Centro y Sur AmeÂrica NeaÂrtica, MeÂxico, ¿Antillas? ...... Szelenyiopria Fabritius &( .. Auxopaedeutes Brues &( (parte) (p. 105) (p. 67) ± Cuerpo con setas adosadas al cuerpo y ± Parte posteromedial del propodeo a lo acuminadas ...... 75 sumo moderadamente coÂncavo, parte 75(74). A pice de la tibia anterior proyectaÂndo media y quilla usualmente bien desar- dorsalmente en una espina ligera- rolladas, lados diferentes a una her- mente curvada ...... 76 radura ...... 71 ± A pice de la tibia anterior sin proyeccioÂn 71(70). Occipucio posteromedialmente con una dorsal ...... 77 espina recta, vertical (®g. 62): A1 con 76(75). Margen anterior del sintergito moderada quillas longitudinales ®nas, borde api- a claramente ¯exionado, e inciso me- cal foliaÂceo o espiniforme (quilla me- dialmente; clava antenal de la hembra dia del propodeo muy desarrollada, subpentamera (®g. 38); A3 en el ma- dirigida hacia atraÂs [®g. 62]; A3±A14 cho con una quilla longitudinal; NeaÂr- en el macho con escultura ®na e ir- tica (D. conica [Fabricius] cosmopol- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 31

ita) ...... no foamy structures; labrum exposed, scler- ...... Diapria Latreille &( (p. 75) otized and deeply pigmented, triangular in ± Margen anterior del sintergito recto, sin shape; hypostomal bridge absent; tentorial ¯exionar ni inciso; clava antenal de la pits present; malar sulcus absent; mandibles hembra usualmente con menos de 5 bidentate, usually beaklike, projecting back- segmentos (®g. 99); A3 en el macho sin quilla; NeaÂrtica y Neotropical . . . ward, rarely mandibles clasped; antennal for- ...Trichopria Ashmead &( (parte) mula 12±14, rarely 11±13, female clava usu- (p. 108) ally nonabrupt, multisegmented, rarely 1- 77(75). Antena de la hembra con 11 segmentos, segmented, male antenna with nonverticillate A3±A13 en el macho con pelos es- hairs; spiracle on pronotum spikelike, pro- parcidos no verticilados, A3 y A4 truding; notaulus in winged forms always de- claramente separados ...... 78 veloped, percurrent; anterior scutellar pit bi- ± Antena de la hembra con 12 segmentos; foveate, lateral pits present, posterior scutel- A3±A13 en el macho con un verticilo lar pits present or absent; epicnemial pit and de cerdas largas, A3 y A4 fusionados sternaulus often present; costal vein absent, (®gs. 1, 2) ...... 79 78(77). Ala anterior con cilias marginales pre- costal cell wide open, submarginal vein in sentes; A11 en la hembra notable- forewing at most glassy (depigmented), ru- mente desarrollado, formando una dimentary, or absent, not reaching foremar- clava de 1 segmento (®g. 57); man- gin of wing; large tergite of metasoma com- dõÂbulas y clõÂpeo no estaÂn separados posed of single tergum T2, i.e., macrotergite; por una hendidura o surco profundo; following tergites usually very narrow, close- Centro y Sur AmeÂrica ...... ly appressed, sometimes forming carapace, ...... Hansona, genero nuevo &( apical sternite in female rounded, not point- (p. 81) ed. ± Ala anterior sin cilias marginales; A11 REMARKS: The Psilini is unique among the en la hembra similar en tamanÄo a los clavoÂmeros precedentes (®g. 102); tribes of the Diapriinae in having a macro- con una profunda hendidura entre las tergite (T2) instead of a syntergite (T2 ϩ mandõÂbulas y el clõÂpeo (®g. 102); Sur T3). This character state together with the AmeÂrica ...... exposed, sclerotized labrum would make Psi- ..... Xanthopria Brues & (p. 112) lini a rather plesiomorphic group. However, 79(77). Margen interno de las tibia posterior con the highly derived venation of the forewing un cepillo denso de setas (®g. 46); and the unique shape of the spiracle on the quilla media del propodeo moderada pronotum are interpreted as strong synapo- a claramente espatulada, dorsalmente morphies. We classify here four genera: aplanada (®g. 45, 47); cuerpo comple- Aneuropria Kieffer, Coptera Say, Ortona, tamente esculpido, reticulando o de- licadamente mate (®g. 45); Centro y new genus, and Psilus Panzer. The known Sur AmeÂrica ...... hosts comprise several families of Diptera; .. Eladio, genero nuevo &( (p. 79) no myrmecophilic or aquatic members occur ± Margen interno de la tibia posterior in the Psilini. cuando mucho con una hilera ®na de setas; quilla media del propodeo no Aneuropria Kieffer espatulada, usualmente puntiaguda y Figures 6, 7 curvada hacia atraÂs (®g. 5) o casi au- sente; cuerpo usualmente liso y bril- Aneuropria Kieffer, 1905. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. lante, raramente ruguloso, nuncua re- Nat. Genova 2(2): 9. ticulando o mate; NeaÂrtica (Arizona, Pezopria Kieffer, 1911. in AndreÂ, Spec. Hym. Texas) y Neotropical ...... Eur. Alg. 11: 88. Synonymized by Masner and Acanthopria Ashmead &( (p. 61) Sundholm, 1959. CÏ as. CÏ esk. Spol. Entomol. 56: 151. SYSTEMATICS DIAGNOSIS (New World only) (&(): Â TRIBE PSILINI HELLEN 1963 Small-sized (1±2 mm) individuals; body col- DIAGNOSIS: Predominantly medium to or deep black with appendages lighter, pre- large-sized individuals, body deep black with dominantly smooth, highly shining, with rel- 32 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 atively little pilosity (dense silvery pilosity thorax in dorsal view well developed; pron- on petiole and propodeum) some hairy cush- otal shoulders not developed but with dense ions, but no foamy structures; labrum sub- hairy cushion; side of pronotum almost ¯at, triangular, exposed, sclerotized; oral carina with dense hairs along anterior margin; strongly developed permitting movement of epomium not developed; spiracle only mod- mandible only along vertical axis; mandible erately protruding; propleuron entirely hairy; long, falcate, bidentate, distinctly projecting mesoscutum fused with scutellum in single backward (opisthognathous); A1 unarmed, plate, transscutal articulation absent, mesos- without apical ¯aps; A4 in male not modi- cutum smooth, shining and glabrous with ®ed; median keel of propodeum strongly re- only few setigerous punctures, without fur- duced; plica strongly developed, projecting rows or sulci; tegula present, small; axillar posteriorly, almost bladelike, posterior mar- depression minute; mesopleuron almost ¯at, gin of propodeum deeply excavate; petiole highly smooth, shining, glabrous, median short, about as long as wide, anterior margin oblique depression not developed; epicne- on T2 (macrotergite) not notched medially. mial pit rudimentary, epicnemial carina not DESCRIPTION (New World only) (&(): developed; sternaulus strong, percurrent, HEAD. Head in dorsal view moderately noncrenulate; posterior margin of mesopleu- elongate, antennal shelf and toruli strongly ron noncrenulate; metanotum and dorsellum protruding, shelf entire but distinctly notched rudimentary or absent; metapleuron with row medially; vertex gradually sloping into oc- of large crenulae along posterior margin of ciput, without step; temple distinctly longer mesopleuron, otherwise almost smooth but than length of eye; head in lateral view sub- with dense appressed micropilosity; propo- triangular; antennal shelf strongly projecting deum relatively large; median keel of pro- forward; level of toruli in lower half of eye; podeum strongly reduced; plica glabrous, eye remarkably small, subcircular, consider- strongly developed, projecting posteriorly, ably shorter than postgena, ocelli small or almost bladelike, posterior margin of propo- absent; oral carina strongly developed, semi- deum deeply excavate; nucha short; wings circular, bladelike; postgenal cushion strong- reduced to stumps, not exceeding posterior ly developed (better viewed ventrally); oc- margin of propodeum; legs moderately elon- cipital ¯ange strongly reduced, narrow; head gate, femora distinctly clavate, with minute in frontal view with face long, moderately ¯aps apically. METASOMA. Metasoma convex, without lateral depressions; clypeus short pedunculate; petiole short, about as moderately convex; epistomal sulcus weakly long as wide; anterior margin on T2 (macro- indicated; labrum exposed, sclerotized, tergite) not notched medially; S2 with dense sharply subtriangular; malar sulcus not de- pilosity basally. veloped; malar space considerably longer RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Aneuro- than eye height; tentorial pit large; mandible pria is predominantly an Old World genus; long, falcate, bidentate, distinctly projecting so far, we examined one species in the New backward (opisthognathous) moving only in World (USA, California). The latter is an un- vertical axis; palpi very short, appearing 4± described species, certainly marginal to the 2; head in ventral view with hypostomal generic concept of Aneuropria. The falcate bridge not developed; antennal formula 12± mandibles and the correlated shape of the 14; A1 relatively long, cylindrical, unarmed head is indeed atypical for Aneuropria but medially, without ¯aps apically, not emargin- known to us in one undescribed Ethiopian ate ventrally; female antenna with nonabrupt, species from Kenya (CNCI). Aneuropria dif- multisegmented clava; clavomeres moderate- fers from Ortona principally by the non- ly ¯attened ventrally, A12 longest and larg- notched anterior margin of T2, from Psilus est, with ventral pit; male antenna ®liform, and Coptera also by the unarmed A1. The slightly subclavate apically, with short scat- strong development of plicae is the main tered nonverticillate hairs, A3 subequal to apomorphy for all members of Aneuropria. A4, A4 not modi®ed. MESOSOMA. Meso- DISTRIBUTION: We know only one undes- soma moderately elongate, usually as wide cribed species in the New World (see above). as high, remarkably ¯attened dorsally; pro- BIOLOGY: One Palearctic species is record- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 33 ed from pupae of cherry fruit ¯y (Rhagoletis, ly developed, rarely almost absent, usually Tephritidae). noncrenulate; head in frontal view with face strongly convex medially, depressed lateral- Coptera Say ly; clypeus highly convex, as high as wide Figure 37 or higher; epistomal sulcus not developed; labrum exposed, sclerotized, perfectly trian- Coptera Say, 1836: 281. gular; malar sulcus not developed; gena be- Schizogalesus Kieffer, 1911: 832, 833. tween lower eye orbit and mandibular con- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large- sized dyle usually distinctly shorter than eye (3±7 mm) individuals, rarely body size height; tentorial pit large; mandible long, fal- smaller (1.5±2 mm); body color deep black cate, not clasped, parallel, bidentate, distinct- with appendages usually lighter; body pre- ly projecting diagonally backward; palpal dominantly smooth, highly shining, very formula 5±2; head in ventral view with hy- rarely with dense, ®ne longitudinal micros- postomal bridge not developed; antennal for- culpture on mesonotum, body relatively gla- mula 12±14; A1 relatively short, highly mod- brous, usually with hairy cushions but no i®ed, often with multiple sharp projections, foamy structures; occiput usually sharp pos- always with distinct ¯aps apically; female teriorly, steplike; labrum exposed, sclero- antenna with nonabrupt, multisegmented cla- tized, subtriangular; oral carina strongly de- va, clavomeres often ¯attened ventrally, A12 veloped permitting movement of mandible often longest, without ventral pit; male an- only along vertical axis; mandible long, fal- tenna ®liform, rarely beadlike, A3±A14 with cate, bidentate, distinctly projecting diago- dense, moderately long, nonverticillate hairs, nally backward; antenna apparently capable A3 subequal in length to A4, A4 at most of rotation in socket permitting variable po- moderately modi®ed, usually without carina. sitions; A1 in both sexes relatively short, MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately to dis- highly modi®ed, often with multiple sharp tinctly long, usually as wide as high, mod- projections, always with distinct ¯aps api- erately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal cally; male A3 subequal in length to A4; fe- view with cervix well developed; pronotal male forewing always with longitudinal fold shoulders moderately to well developed, and apical excision, male forewing with or rounded or sharp; posterior margin of pron- without fold or excision; forewing almost otum (in front of mesoscutum) usually with veinless, submarginal vein incomplete, re- row of large crenulae or pits; side of prono- duced to short basal stem; T2 (macrotergite) tum ¯at or moderately concave, smooth and with deep median cleft. glabrous, with distinct pilosity along dorsal DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal and anterior margins; epomium usually well view variously shaped, subglobular, often developed, at least its lower part; spiracle on strongly elongate, rarely transverse, with prothorax moderately to distinctly tubelike shelf and toruli moderately to strongly pro- protruding; propleuron in lower half (above truding; frons always armed with multiple forecoxa) often with ®eld carinate on all projections, points, ledges or carinae, often sides, propleuron generally densely hairy; with scattered deep setigerous punctures; oc- mesoscutum about as long as wide, moder- ciput usually steplike, sharply carinate, al- ately to distinctly convex, with long scattered most right angled above occipital ¯ange; semierect setigerous punctures, exceptionally temple of variable length, subequal to shorter rarely with dense, ®ne longitudinal micros- or longer than length of eye; head in lateral culpture; parapsidal and anterior parallel view subtriangular; antennal shelf moderate- lines not developed; notaulus percurrent, ly to distinctly developed; level of toruli at deep, often slightly sinuate, noncrenulate, midpoint of eye; eye relatively large, subel- deeply pitted anteriorly, often dilated poste- lipsoidal; oral carina strongly developed, riorly, contiguous with transscutal articula- semicircular, bladelike, permitting movement tion, very rarely notaulus abbreviate; humer- of mandible only along vertical axis; post- al and suprahumeral sulci never developed; genal cushion usually well developed, rarely anterior scutellar pit large, always bifoveate, reduced or absent; occipital ¯ange moderate- foveae separated by septum of various 34 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 widths; scutellar disc subquadrate, with sharp dinal grooves ®lled with pilosity in basal lateral keels, posterolateral corners of disc part. sometimes sharply pointed, axillar pit usually RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Coptera not developed, lateral pit always developed, was previously confused with Psilus (ϭ Gal- deeply impressed, posterior scutellar pits pre- esus); Muesebeck (1980) emphasized the sent in various con®gurations, usually two, shape of the occiput and the reduction of ve- or, rarely absent; posterior margin of axilla nation in the forewing along with the ratio at most slightly arcuate, slanted diagonally, of A3 and A4 in the male antenna as the sharply bent; axillar depression relatively principle characteristics of Coptera. Unlike small, deep, with abundant pilosity; meso- Psilus,noCoptera species are known to be pleuron only slightly convex, smooth, shin- apterous or brachypterous. Coptera differs ing and predominantly glabrous; median from Ortona by the structure of the mandi- oblique depression not developed; epicne- bles and the structure of the female antennal mial pit moderately to strongly developed, clava, and from Aneuropria by the deeply epicnemial carina well developed, rarely notched anterior margin of T2 (macrotergi- crenulate ventrally; sternaulus strong, per- te). current, noncrenulate, in few species only DISTRIBUTION: This is a large genus of al- weakly developed, posterior margin of me- most worldwide distribution. Unlike Psilus sopleuron smooth, noncrenulate; metanotum the members of Coptera are predominantly moderately developed, dorsellum with three tropical. Muesebeck (1980) recognized 29 low longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough Nearctic species; only a few Neotropical spe- rugulose, densely hairy; propodeum relative- cies are known, but we estimate that a po- ly long; median keel replaced by inverted V- tential of 150 species exists. shaped carina, rarely pointed anteriorly, plica BIOLOGY: Several species were reared developed or obscured by rough rugulosity; from various dipterous hosts (Muesebeck, 1980); the most frequently attacked families posterior margin of propodeum deeply ex- include the fruit ¯ies (Tephritidae), hereby cavate, posterolateral corners moderately to demonstrating the importance in biocontrol strongly projecting; nucha very short, usually (LoiaÂcono, 1981; Silvestri, 1914). Species concealed under anterior rim of petiole; fe- are encountered in a multitude of habitats, male forewing always with longitudinal fold from lowlands to highlands. Several species and apical excision, male forewing with or were collected in light traps in Brazil but without fold or excision; forewing almost none associated with ants. veinless, submarginal vein incomplete, re- duced to short basal stem; marginal cilia in forewing moderately long; hind wing with- Ortona, new genus out tracheate submarginal vein; legs moder- Figures 78, 79 ately elongate, especially trochanters; femora DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized distinctly clavate, median and especially hind (1±3.5 mm) individuals; body color deep femur with moderate to distinct ¯aps. ME- black with appendages usually lighter; body TASOMA. Metasoma long and pedunculate, predominantly smooth, highly shining, rela- petiole cylindrical, moderately to distinctly tively glabrous, with no hairy cushions or longer than wide (up to six times), with foamy structures; mandible relatively small strong longitudinal carinae, glabrous dorsal- not protruding, tightly clasped, bidentate; la- ly, hairy ventrally and at sides, without dis- brum exposed, sclerotized; antennal formula tinct ¯ap anteriorly; metasoma past petiole 11±13, A11 in female remarkably enlarged, long and ovoid; anterior margin of T2 (ma- A4 in male not modi®ed; forewing almost crotergite) with long deep median cleft, veinless; anterior margin of T2 (macrotergi- ¯anked sometimes with shallow lateral de- te) with long median cleft. pressions, cleft very rarely absent; following DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal tergites extremely short and compact, apical view transverse, subrectangular, with shelf tergite frequently ¯exed under, not visible and toruli moderately protruding; temple dis- dorsally; S2 usually with two deep longitu- tinctly shorter than length of eye; head in lat- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 35 eral view moderately to distinctly depressed, ious widths; scutellar disc subquadrate, with always distinctly wider than high, antennal sharp lateral keels, axillar and lateral pits shelf moderately developed, almost effaced deeply impressed, posterior scutellar pits not between toruli; level of torulus at midpoint developed; posterior margin of axilla sharp, of eye; eye subellipsoidal, with long scat- strongly slanted diagonally; axillar depres- tered pilosity; oral carina only moderately sion relatively small, deep, with abundant pi- developed; postgenal cushion not developed; losity; mesopleuron only slightly convex, occipital ¯ange broad, always crenulate; smooth, shining and glabrous; median head in frontal view with face broad, clypeus oblique depression not developed; sternaulus almost ¯at, epistomal sulcus well developed; strong, broad, percurrent; epicnemial pit al- labrum exposed, sclerotized, strongly trans- most absent; epicnemial carina strong, non- verse; anterior margin of clypeus not pro- crenulate, connecting ventrally (above mid jecting, not ¯exed; malar sulcus not devel- coxa) with posterior apex of sternaulus; pos- oped, malar space between lower eye orbit terior margin of mesopleuron smooth, non- and mandibular condyle extremely narrow; crenulate; metanotum relatively narrow; dor- tentorial pit moderate; mandible relatively sellum weakly developed, narrow, with three small, not protruding, tightly clasped, biden- low longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough tate; palpi relatively short, especially labial rugose, entirely hairy; propodeum remark- palpus, palpal formula 5±2; head in ventral ably long and large; median keel strongly de- view with hypostomal bridge not developed; veloped but not pointed anteriorly; plica well antennal formula 11±13; A1 cylindrical, rel- developed, space between plica and median atively long, apical rim not excavate ventral- keel perfectly smooth and glabrous; posterior ly, not produced into ¯aps; female clava margin of propodeum deeply excavate, mar- abrupt, one-segmented (A11), long ovoid, gin rimlike, posterolateral corners moderate- only moderately ¯attened ventrally, without ly to distinctly projecting; side of propodeum ventral pit; male antenna ®liform, with mod- rough rugose and hairy; nucha relatively erately long, nonverticillate hairs, A4 not short; forewing with apex rounded, not ex- modi®ed, without carina. MESOSOMA. Me- cised (i.e., without longitudinal fold), vena- sosoma moderately long, distinctly to re- tion almost entirely absent, only short tra- markably wider than high, strongly ¯attened cheate stem of submarginal vein present, dorsally, mesoscutum, scutellum and propo- lower half of wing with long crescentic whit- deal keel almost at same level; prothorax in ish glabrous line, marginal cilia including dorsal view with cervix moderately devel- foremargin of wing relatively long; hind oped, pronotal shoulders moderately to dis- wing without tracheate submarginal vein; tinctly rounded; side of pronotum moderately legs moderately elongate, especially trochan- concave, smooth, shining and glabrous, with ters, femora distinctly clavate in posterior distinct pilosity only along anterior margin; half. METASOMA. Metasoma long pedun- epomium developed at least in vertical part, culate; petiole cylindrical, moderately to dis- rarely epomium sharply angular with hori- tinctly longer than wide (up to 3 times), with zontal carina; spiracle on pronotum long, strong, longitudinal carinae, glabrous dorsal- spikelike; propleuron in lower half (right ly, hairy ventrally and at sides, without dis- above forecoxa) with smooth glabrous sub- tinct ¯ap anteriorly; metasoma past petiole rectangular ®eld carinate on all sides, re- long ovoid; anterior margin of T2 with long, maining part of propleuron hairy; mesoscu- deep median cleft, T2 (macrotergite) ex- tum almost semicircular, wider than long, tremely long, smooth and glabrous, follow- with only few scattered hairs; parapsidal and ing four tergites extremely narrow and com- anterior parallel lines absent; notaulus per- pact, apical tergite relatively large, bluntly current, deep, strongly arcuate, noncrenulate, triangular in female, more rounded in male; nondilated posteriorly, usually separate from base of S2 with one or two longitudinal transscutal articulation by narrow septum; keels; apical sternite, especially in female, humeral and posthumeral sulci weakly de- expanding at sides, well visible in dorsal veloped or absent; anterior scutellar pit large, view, entire surface rough-punctate. bifoveate, fovea separated by septum of var- TYPE SPECIES: Ortona hansoni, new spe- 36 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 cies (described below), by present designa- nal segments in relative proportions (25:6), tion. (7:5), (8:4), (8:4), (8:4.5), (8:5), (8:5), (8:5), RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Ortona (7:5.5), (7:6.5), (24:9). MESOSOMA. Me- is compared best with Aneuropria Kieffer sosoma longer than wide (79:50); horizontal and Coptera Say. With the former it shares part of epomium not developed, shoulder normally clasped mandibles and unarmed rounded, vertical part of epomium simple, A1, but differs from it principally by the an- carinate, noncrenulate; pronotal shoulder dis- tennal formula and by the structure of the tinctly rounded; posterior apex of notaulus antennal clava in the female, furthermore by not reaching transscutal articulation, space in the deeply grooved anterior part of T2. From between notauli subequal to maximum width Coptera it differs primarily by the normally of notaulus; humeral sulcus ®ne but distinct- clasped mandibles, unarmed A1, also by the ly impressed, suprahumeral sulcus not de- antennal formula. Ortona belongs to the tribe veloped; anterior scutellar pits positioned di- Psilini mainly because of the exposed scler- agonally, strongly converging anteriorly, sep- otized labrum, formation of a true macroter- tum between them as wide as width of axillar gite 2 of the metasoma, and the reduction of pit; posterolateral corners of scutellar disc wing venation in the forewing. (i.e., lower margin of lateral pits) not pro- ETYMOLOGY: The name is an arbitrary eu- jecting. METASOMA. Petiole distinctly phonic combination of letters; the gender is elongate (34:14); dorsal side of petiole with feminine. three strong longitudinal keels enclosing two DISTRIBUTION: About 10 species are known depressions with ®ne irregular transverse mi- to us in the New World, from Arizona to Bra- crosculpture; median cleft on T2 not exceed- zil; individuals are relatively rare in the col- ing basal third of tergite (20:73). lections. MALE: Differs from female in following BIOLOGY: Unknown; most individuals character states: A1 and A2 reddish orange, were collected in tropical rainforest. distinctly lighter than rest of antenna; anten- nal segments in relative proportions (26:6), Ortona hansoni, new species (8:6), (11:5.5), (13:5.5), (13:5.5), (13:5.5), Figures 78, 79 (13:6), (12:6), (12:6), (12:6), (11:6.5), (11:7), (16:7); A3±A13 with semierect dense hairs, DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2.2 hairs slightly shorter than maximum width of mm; head, mesosoma (including tegula and antennomeres; A3±A13 with ®ne irregular coxae), and metasoma deep black, palpi, A1± pustulate surface; anterior scutellar pits larg- A3, legs (except coxae) orange-yellow, er than in female, septum between them nar- wings almost clear, with light yellowish rower, smaller than maximum width of ax- tinge.: HEAD. Head in dorsal view wider illar pit; apical sternite distinctly excavate. than long (43:32); ocelli in very low triangle TYPE MATERIAL:10&(. Holotype, & LOL:OOL ϭ 4:6; crenulae on occipital (CNCI no. 22459), COSTA RICA, Puntar- ¯ange largest in middle, crenulae diminish- enas Prov., San Vito, EstacioÂn BioloÂgica Las ing toward sides; temple distinctly shorter Alturas, 1500 m, November 1991, P. Hanson, than length of eye (8:15), strongly receding MT. Allotype, (, same data as holotype, but posteriorly; toruli separated by narrow space, caught February 1992. Paratypes, 6&,2(, subequal to half their diameter; head in lat- same data as holotype, but some caught from eral view slightly longer than high (32:29); January to October (CNCI, MIZA, BNMH). eye distinctly higher than long (22:15), re- ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon- markably larger than malar space (22:3), dis- or of Dr. Paul Hanson (Universidad de Costa tinctly longer than postgena (15:8); head in Rica) in recognition of his pioneering work frontal view with face slightly convex, in surveys of microhymenoptera in Costa smooth, with few large setigerous punctures; Rica. space between toruli only slightly emargin- DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. ate; epistomal sulcus well developed; tento- BIOLOGY: Unknown. The type series was rial pits large; clypeus along epistomal sulcus collected in a cloud forest. with three large setigerous punctures; anten- VARIATION: Very little variation was ob- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 37 served in the type series; the three males are convex medially, depressed laterally; clypeus slightly larger than the females. highly convex, as high as wide or higher; epistomal sulcus weakly developed; labrum Psilus Panzer exposed, sclerotized, sharply triangular; ma- Figure 89 lar sulcus not developed; gena between lower eye orbit and mandibular condyle distinctly Psilus Panzer, 1801: 11. to moderately shorter than eye height; ten- Galesus Haliday, 1829. torial pit large; mandible long, falcate, bi- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized dentate, mandible distinctly projecting diag- (3±6 mm) individuals, rarely body size onally backward (opisthognathous), apical smaller (about 2 mm); body color deep black tooth usually strongly curved inward; palpal with appendages sometimes lighter, body formula 5±2; head in ventral view with hy- predominantly smooth, highly shining, with postomal bridge not developed; antennal for- abundant pilosity, usually with hairy cush- mula 12±14; A1 relatively short, subtrian- ions but no foamy structures; occiput grad- gular, with sharp ledge on outer side, with no ually rounded posteriorly, not steplike; la- additional sharp projections below, always brum exposed, sclerotized, sharply triangu- with distinct ¯aps apically; female antenna lar; oral carina moderately to strongly devel- with nonabrupt multisegmented clava, cla- oped, permitting movement of mandible only vomeres rarely ¯attened apically, A12 usu- along vertical axis; mandible long, falcate, ally largest and longest, with or without ven- bidentate, distinctly projecting diagonally tral pit; male antenna ®liform, A3±A14 with backward (opisthognathous); antenna appar- dense moderately long nonverticillate hairs, ently capable of rotation in socket, permitting A3 moderately to distinctly shorter than A4, variable positions; A1 in both sexes relative- A4 moderately constricted basally, without ly short, subtriangular, with sharp ledge on carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately outer side, always with distinct ¯aps apically; to distinctly long, usually as wide as high, male A3 moderately to distinctly shorter than ¯attened to only moderately convex dorsally; A4; forewing in both sexes never folded lon- prothorax in dorsal view with cervix well de- gitudinally, without apical emargination, veloped; pronotal shoulders at most moder- with tracheate but clear (depigmented) sub- ately rounded; posterior margin of pronotum marginal vein, vein knobbed apically, not (in front of mesoscutum) noncrenulate, usu- reaching foremargin of wing; T2 (macroter- ally densely hairy; side of pronotum almost gite) with deep median cleft. ¯at or weakly concave medially, smooth and DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal glabrous, with distinct pilosity along anterior view usually moderately to distinctly elon- and dorsal margins; epomium not developed; gate, with shelf and toruli strongly protrud- spiracle on prothorax moderately tubelike; ing, shelf typically forming sharp membrane propleuron in lower half (above forecoxa) often notched or sinuate medially; frons al- without carinate ®eld, generally densely ways armed with projections, points, ledges hairy; mesoscutum about as long as wide, at or carinae; vertex gradually sloping into oc- most moderately convex to ¯attened, with ciput, without step; temple moderately to dis- relatively few scattered semierect hairs; par- tinctly longer than length of eye; head in lat- apsidal and anterior parallel lines not devel- eral view remarkably subtriangular; antennal oped; notaulus percurrent, deep, noncrenu- shelf strongly projecting forward; level of to- late, usually narrow, not dilated posteriorly, rulus at lower half of eye; eye relatively almost contiguous with transscutal articula- small, subellipsoidal, always higher than tion; humeral and suprahumeral sulci not de- long, usually smaller in female; oral carina veloped; anterior scutellar pit large, always strongly developed, semicircular, bladelike, bifoveate, foveae strongly converging ante- permitting movement of mandible only along riorly, separated by narrow septum; scutellar vertical axis; postgenal cushion usually well disc subquadratic to subcircular, with sharp developed, rarely reduced; occipital ¯ange lateral keels, posterolateral corners of disc moderately developed, usually noncrenulate; rounded; axillar pit never developed; lateral head in frontal view with face long, strongly pit always developed, posterior scutellar pit 38 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 present, sometimes reduced to transverse row shape of the occiput, presence of tracheate of slits; posterior margin of axilla at most submarginal vein in forewing and the ratio slightly arcuate, slanted diagonally, sharply of A3 to A4 in the male antenna as the prin- bent; axillar depression relatively small, cipal character states of Psilus. Psilus differs deep, with abundant pilosity, usually with from Ortona by falcate mandibles, armed dense tuft of hairs in posterior corner (below A1, and the structure of the female antennal posterolateral corner of scutellar disc); me- clava; from Aneuropria furthermore by the sopleuron only slightly convex, smooth, deeply notched anterior margin of T2. shining, part above sternaulus almost gla- DISTRIBUTION: This is a large genus rep- brous; median oblique depression not devel- resented primarily in the Northern Hemi- oped; epicnemial pit moderately to strongly sphere, with no members in the Neotropical developed, epicnemial carina moderately de- and Australian regions. Muesebeck (1980) veloped, noncrenulate ventrally; sternaulus recognized 17 Nearctic species. strong, percurrent, noncrenulate; posterior BIOLOGY: The biological ground plan is margin of mesopleuron usually smooth, rare- primary parasitism of Diptera, but only a few ly partly or entirely crenulate; metanotum positive host records exist (Muesebeck, moderately developed; dorsellum with three 1980). low longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough rugulose, densely hairy; propodeum relative- TRIBE SPILOMICRINI ASHMEAD 1893 ly long; median keel replaced by inverted V- shaped carina, rarely pointed anteriorly, plica DIAGNOSIS: Mostly medium-sized, less developed or obscured by rough rugulosity; frequently minute or large individuals, usu- posterior margin of propodeum excavate ally with only moderate pilosity and only posterolateral corners moderately to strongly rarely with foamy structures; labrum either projecting; nucha short, concealed under an- exposed or concealed; hypostomal bridge terior rim of petiole; forewing in both sexes absent, rarely (secondarily) developed; ma- never folded longitudinally, without apical lar sulcus present or absent; antennal for- emargination, with tracheate but clear (de- mula most frequently 13±13, rarely 12±13, pigmented) submarginal vein, vein knobbed exceptionally 14±14, female clava generally apically, slanted diagonally, not reaching for- nonabrupt, male antenna nonverticillate; no- emargin of wing; basal vein often indicated taulus typically percurrent, less frequently as nebulous arc; submarginal vein in hind abbreviate or absent; anterior scutellar pit wing incomplete, hyaline or absent, with variable, single, bifoveate, tripartite or re- only short basal tracheate stem; wings very placed by arc of minute crenulae, lateral and rarely shortened or absent; legs moderately posterior scutellar pits usually present; ep- elongate, trochanters in particular, femora icnemial pit usually developed, often ®lled distinctly clavate, with no ¯aps apically. ME- with dense pilosity, rarely reduced; epicne- TASOMA. Metasoma long and pedunculate, mial carina often crenulate, bordering epic- petiole cylindrical, moderately elongate to nemial pit, sternaulus often developed; sub- distinctly longer than wide (up to 2.5 times), marginal vein in forewing relatively long, with strong longitudinal carinae, glabrous distinctly exceeding basal third of wing dorsally, hairy ventrally and at sides; meta- length, vein distinctly to remarkably remote soma past petiole long and ovoid; anterior from foremargin, costal cell relatively wide, margin of T2 (macrotergite) with long deep costal vein often well developed, less fre- median cleft ¯anked sometimes with shallow quently depigmented or absent, marginal lateral depressions; following tergites com- and stigmal veins well developed, postmar- pact, apical tergite in female not ¯exed un- ginal vein rarely developed, basal vein often der, visible dorsally; S2 basally with hairy developed, usually nebulous, tending to- cushion and three shallow longitudinal de- ward submarginal vein distinctly before pressions. marginal vein; large tergite of metasoma RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: In the composed of fused T2 ϩ T3, i.e., syntergite. past, Psilus (i.e., Galesus) was confused with REMARKS: This is the second largest tribe Coptera; Muesebeck (1980) emphasized the of the subfamily with 12 genera recognized 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 39 in the New World (Bruchopria Kieffer, Chi- oral carina not developed; outer margin of lomicrus, new genus, Doddius, new genus, postgena with dense hairy cushion; occipital Entomacis Foerster, Epomium, new genus, ¯ange present but narrow and not steplike, Ferrugenus, new genus, Idiotypa Foerster, noncrenulate; head in frontal view with clyp- Paramesius Westwood, Pentapria Kieffer, eus almost ¯at, epistomal sulcus indicated by Poecilopsilus Ogloblin, Spilomicrus West- relatively deep depression; labrum not ex- wood, and Xenismarus Ogloblin). Although posed; malar sulcus not developed, area be- habitually quite cohesive, the tribe remains tween lower orbit and mandibular condyle de®ned mostly on characters of plesiomorph- large; tentorial pit not developed; mandible ic conditions. Xenismarus and Chilomicrus clasped, strong, bidentate, lower tooth lon- are perhaps the most primitive genera, with ger; palpi very short, palpal formula 4±2; antennal formula 14±14. The absolute ma- head in frontal view with hypostomal bridge jority of the tribe has antennal formula 13± not developed; antennal formula 13±13; 13, which is quite unique in the entire sub- scape long, cylindrical, with apical rim only family. Wing reduction in both sexes is fre- moderately excavate ventrally, rim not pro- quent among the Spilomicrini. The biological duced into ¯aps; female clava nonabrupt, ground plan is with dipterous hosts; no high- multisegmented, clavomeres not ¯attened ly specialized myrmecophiles are known ventrally, A13 without ventral pit; male A3 among the members of this tribe and no spe- subequal to or longer than A4, A3 and par- cies seem to enter aquatic habitats. ticularly A4 sexually modi®ed, A5±A13 very short, almost beadlike, subclavate. MESO- Bruchopria Kieffer SOMA. Mesosoma moderately elongate, as Figures 23, 24 high as wide, moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view strongly developed Bruchopria Kieffer, 1921: 38. both medially and at sides; cervix strongly Aulatopria BreÁthes, 1927a: 163. NEW SYNONYMY. developed; pronotal shoulders almost rect- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized (2.5±2.7 angular but rounded at corners; pronotum mm) individuals; body light to dark brown, posteromedially (in front of mesoscutum) legs and antenna lighter, body smooth and strongly raised, sharply carinate, slightly highly shining with abundant pilosity and notched medially (better seen in lateral unique ®ne velvety upright micropilosity on view); side of pronotum moderately convex, propodeum and petiole; foamy structures not smooth and shining, with few scattered hairs, developed; antennal formula 13±13; female with only moderate strip of denser pilosity clava nonabrupt, multisegmented; male A3 along anterior margin; epomium not devel- subequal to or longer than A4; pronotum oped; mesoscutum almost as long as wide, posteromedially (in front of mesoscutum) moderately convex, with scattered long erect strongly raised, sharply carinate; scutellum hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines without any pits; metapleuron and propo- not developed; notaulus not developed; hu- deum covered with velvety, dense, ®ne up- meral and posthumeral sulci not developed; right micropilosity; submarginal vein in fore- scutellum without any pits, scutellar disc wing considerably remote from foremargin only slightly convex, without median keel, of wing; petiole very short and broad, trans- lateral keels indistinct; axillar carina strongly versely subrectangular, covered with velvety, developed, almost bladelike; posterior mar- dense, ®ne upright micropilosity; anterior gin of axilla rounded, axillar depression margin of syntergite not notched medially. small, shallow, weakly de®ned; mesopleuron DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal only moderately convex, smooth, shining, view globose, frons unarmed; antennal shelf with only few scattered hairs; median well developed in front of toruli; temple very oblique depression not developed; epicne- long; head in lateral view slightly higher than mial pit minute; sternaulus not developed; long; antennal shelf moderately projecting; posterior margin of mesopleuron smooth, level of toruli at midpoint of eye; eye re- noncrenulate; metanotum moderately devel- markably small, distinctly shorter than malar oped, dorsellum with three short longitudinal space, subcircular, with small ommatidia; keels; metapleuron covered with velvety ®ne, 40 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 upright, dense micropilosity; propodeum rel- Chilomicrus, new genus atively large but short, covered with dense Figures 32, 33 ®ne velvety upright micropilosity, median keel shortly raised anteriorly; plica not de- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized (2±4 mm) individuals; body color predomi- veloped; posterior margin of propodeum not nantly brownish, mesosoma frequently ligh- rimlike, with posterolateral corners blunt; nu- ter than head and metasoma, reddish brown cha extremely short; wing relatively long and to almost orange, sometimes partly black, ap- narrow, distinctly surpassing tip of metaso- pendages usually lighter than rest of body; ma, apex round, with moderate marginal cil- head and mesosoma predominantly smooth ia; submarginal vein in forewing not exceed- and shining but frequently with large deep ing basal third of wing length, vein consid- setigerous punctures, body with abundant pi- erably remote from foremargin of wing; mar- losity but no distinct hairy cushions and no ginal vein short, almost wedgelike; stigmal foamy structures; labrum not exposed; anten- vein rudimentary, no other veins present; nal formula 14±14; A1 with moderate ¯aps submarginal vein in hind wing incomplete, apically; epomium not developed; anterior hyaline; wings often bitten off by ants; legs scutellar pit subreniform, not clearly divided relatively long and strong; hind tibia gradu- medially; axillar and lateral pits of scutellum ally incrassate toward apex. METASOMA. not developed; sternaulus at most weakly de- Metasoma short, pedunculate; petiole very veloped; forewing with basal vein tracheate, short and broad, transversely subrectangular, vein straight, nonarcuate, perpendicular to covered with velvety dense ®ne, upright mi- submarginal vein; anterior margin of synter- cropilosity, smooth, without longitudinal gite with deep long median cleft. keels; anterior margin of syntergite as wide DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal as petiole, not notched medially, syntergite view subrectangular to subquadrate, slightly and following tergites covered with numer- wider than long, with shelf and toruli strong- ous long, semierect, golden hairs. ly projecting; toruli connected with carina, TYPE SPECIES: Bruchopria pentatoma Kief- carina sometimes with slight median decliv- fer. ity; temples subequal to or longer than length RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among of eye; head in lateral view with antennal the genera of Spilomicrini, Bruchopria is shelf well developed; level of toruli at lower unique principally because of the ®ne velvety half of eye; eye ovoid, slightly higher than pilosity of the metapleuron, propodeum, and long, with long pilosity; oral carina not de- petiole. The carinate posteromedian margin veloped; postgenal cushion not developed; of pronotum is also peculiar to Bruchopria. occipital ¯ange moderate to minute, rarely The latter two apomorphies are interpreted as with indication of crenulae; head in frontal view with face moderately elongate; clypeus adaptations for association with host ants. moderately to distinctly convex, relatively Within the Spilomicrini, Bruchopria is clos- small, subcircular; epistomal depression shal- est to Spilomicrus, from which it also differs low; anterior margin of clypeus relatively by the structure of the scutellum which is narrow, straight, not ¯exed; labrum not ex- devoid of all pits. Aulatopria is presently posed; malar sulcus usually not developed; made junior synonym of Bruchopria (see lower gena typically without striae, in one above) (types examined). species with short fan of striae; tentorial pit DISTRIBUTION: Two species are known absent; mandible short, strong, bidentate, from South America (Argentina, Brazil, Uru- lower tooth longer than upper tooth, lower guay): B. pentatoma Kieffer and B. tucu- margin of mandible (from condyle to tip) mana (BreÁthes), new combination. moderately to distinctly arcuate; mandibular BIOLOGY: The type species was observed condyle broad, strong; palpi long and slen- among ®re ants (Solenopsis richteri Forel der, palpal formula 5±2; head in ventral view and Solenopsis sp.), the second species was with hypostomal bridge not developed; an- reared from pupae of Billaea claripalpis tennal formula 14±14; A1 long and slender; (Wulp) (Diptera, Tachinidae). apex with moderate ¯aps, distinctly emargin- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 41 ate ventrally; base of A2 in both sexes partly to entirely crenulate; metanotum rela- strongly compressed between A1 ¯aps; fe- tively strongly developed; dorsellum only male antenna with moderate to strong, non- moderately projecting with three short lon- abrupt, multisegmented clava (4±5), clavo- gitudinal keels and abundant pilosity; meta- meres progressively thickened, moderately to pleuron rough rugulose and with dense pi- distinctly ¯attened ventrally, A14 always losity; propodeum relatively long; median largest and longest, without ventral pit; male keel moderately to distinctly raised medially, antenna ®liform, with moderately long scat- pointed; plica usually well developed; pos- tered nonverticillate hairs, A3 slightly longer terior margin of propodeum sharply excavate than or subequal to A4 in length, A4 mod- medially with four blunt corners (upper and erately constricted basally, with distinct lon- lower ones) posterolaterally; propodeum in- gitudinal carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma tensely hairy dorsally and laterally; nucha moderately robust, slightly wider than high, moderately well developed; forewing rela- slightly to distinctly ¯attened dorsally; pro- tively long, rounded apically, with moderate- thorax in dorsal view with distinct cervix, ly long marginal cilia; wing venation in fore- shoulders prominent but rounded; side of wing distinctly surpassing basal third of wing pronotum moderately concave, mostly length; costa and submarginal vein strongly smooth and glabrous, with more distinct pi- developed, tracheate, costal cell moderately losity along anterior margin; epomium not wide, marginal vein moderately to distinctly developed; posterior margin of pronotum elongate, stigmal and postmarginal vein (between forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenula- short, together enclosing sharp angle; post- te, at most with setigerous punctures; lower marginal vein sometimes strongly reduced; part of propleuron (right above forecoxa) of- basal vein tracheate, straight, nonarcuate, ten with raised carina or irregular crenulae, perpendicular to submarginal vein; posterior glabrous, upper part of propleuron hairy; me- part of M vein sometimes tracheate (near soscutum semicircular, moderately to dis- foot of basal vein); other veins at most light- tinctly wider than long, smooth and shining, ly nebulous; hind wing with tracheate sub- often with deep scattered setigerous punc- marginal vein, basal cell not developed; tures, punctures sometimes very large; par- wings sometimes shortened, not exceeding apsidal and anterior parallel lines usually base of metasoma; legs moderately long, present as weak to moderate depressions; no- femora distinctly clavate, apex of foretibia taulus percurrent, arched, not distinctly dilat- (on dorsal side) usually with strong curved ed posteriorly, noncrenulate, not directly spine. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pe- contiguous with transscutal articulation; hu- dunculate; petiole slightly elongate, cylindri- meral and suprahumeral sulcus extremely cal, usually with irregular longitudinal ridges narrow, humeral sulcus sharply rimed exter- and abundant pilosity on all sides, with only nally; anterior scutellar pit subreniform, not moderate anterior ¯ap; metasoma past petiole clearly divided medially; scutellar disc ¯at, moderately elongate, considerably ¯attened subquadratic, with lateral keels weakly dorsally, anterior margin of syntergite with prominent, axillar pit not developed, lateral deep long median cleft, cleft usually ¯anked pit not developed, usually obscured by deep by short lateral emarginations; apex of me- setigerous punctures; posterior scutellar pits tasoma in female short and pointed; apical usually crenulate; posterior margin of axilla sternite short, ¯at, bluntly triangular; base of rounded, axillar depression large and hairy, S2 sometimes with two or three deep grooves axillar keel relatively well developed, sharp; basally. mesopleuron almost ¯at, only slightly con- TYPE SPECIES: Chilomicrus pecki, new spe- vex, smooth shining, predominantly gla- cies (described below). brous, median oblique depression not de- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Chilom- ®ned; epicnemial pit moderate to strongly icrus may be placed at the base of the tribe developed, with abundant pilosity; sternaulus Spilomicrini largely because of its most ple- usually not developed, sometimes rudimen- siomorphic antennal formula (14±14). How- tary (posterad epicnemial pit), rarely weakly ever, the perpendicular basal vein in the fore- developed; posterior margin of mesopleuron wing is considered a unique, highly derived 42 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 state of wing venation, conveniently distin- 8), (31:8), (24:9), (21:8), (21:7.5), (21:7.5), guishing this new genus from all members of (20:7.5), (21:7.5), (21:7.5), (21:7), (21:7), the Spilomicrini. Among the genera of Spi- (20.5:7), (31:6.5); hairs on A3±A14 shorter lomicrini, Chilomicrus differs from Penta- than width of antennomeres; A4 with sharp pria also by the structure of the anterior scu- longitudinal keel exceeding basal half of seg- tellar fovea, the structure of the side of the ment. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than pronotum, and by the relatively high pointed wide (130:85); pronotum dorsally densely median keel of the propodeum. From Epom- hairy, hairs not forming cushion; side of ium and Ferrugenus it differs principally by pronotum moderately concave with abundant the absence of the epomium and the lack of pilosity dorsally and anteriorly, with moder- closed cell in hind wing. ate setigerous punctures on margin and ETYMOLOGY: From chilo, in reference to shoulder, with single deep pit diagonally be- Chile; and micros, in reference to Spilomi- low spiracle, with several longitudinal rugae crus. The gender is masculine. above forecoxa and with three deep setiger- DISTRIBUTION: The present known distri- ous punctures along posterior margin; pro- bution of the genus is in the Valdivian forest pleuron with irregular rugose crenulae above of Chile; one Chilean species is known to us forecoxa, propleuron predominantly smooth from the dry Coquimbo region. Altogether in upper part; mesoscutum with parapsidal we examined approximately 10 undescribed line deeply impressed, groovelike; anterior species (CNCI). parallel lines not developed; notaulus only BIOLOGY: Unknown. indistinctly broadened basally, not contigu- ous with transscutal articulation; median lobe Chilomicrus pecki, new species and scapulae with very few medium-sized Figures 32, 33 setigerous punctures; anterior scutellar pit as wide as space between outer margins of no- DESCRIPTION: Holotype, (: Length 3.6 tauli; axilla with 4±5 larger setigerous punc- mm; body distinctly bicolored, head and me- tures; posterior margin of mesopleuron with tasoma past petiole predominantly black, 4±5 transverse crenulae in lower half; pro- mandible, clypeus, antennal shelf, palpi, me- podeum in dorsal view with median keel ex- sosoma, petiole antenna, and legs including tending posteriorly to basal third and here coxae reddish brown; mesopleuron (espe- forked; space between median keel and plica cially median part) dark brown; forewing with dense appressed pilosity; posterior mar- slightly infuscate especially in median part gin of propodeum with posterolateral corners (below stigmal vein), basal vein distinctly projecting but not pointed; apex of foretibia pigmented. HEAD. Head in dorsal view dorsally with distinct curved spine. META- slightly wider than long (68:61, shelf includ- SOMA. Petiole only moderately elongate ed), subrectangular, with scattered setigerous (35:23), with irregular longitudinal rugulos- punctures; OOL distinctly longer than LOL ity, with slightly pointed protuberance on (13:5); temple only moderately bulging, each side in anterior third; metasoma past shorter than eye (19:23), only moderately re- petiole longer than wide (115:71); cleft on ceding; toruli connected anteriorly by shelf, anterior base of syntergite not exceeding bas- shelf very lightly sinuate medially, gap be- al third of syntergite, anterolateral corners of tween toruli shorter than diameter of torulus; syntergite with short hairy incision; posterior head in lateral view slightly higher than long margin of syntergite without micropunctures, (67:61), eye moderately higher than long with two rows of long semierect hairs; fol- (34:23); eye height: malar space (34:15); lowing tergites with one row of hairs each. head in frontal view with vertex distinctly FEMALE: Unknown. topped around ocellar triangle, outer margin TYPE MATERIAL:26(. Holotype, ( (CNCI of gena slightly bulging; antennal shelf me- no. 22451), CHILE, Alto de Vilches, 70 km dially with irregular transverse rugulosity; E Talca, December 5, 1984±February 20, A1 entirely smooth without microsculpture, 1985, S. & J. Peck, Nothofagus forest, FIT, with scattered setigerous punctures; antennal 1300 m. Paratypes, 25(, same data as ho- segments in relative proportions (55:10), (11: lotype (AMNH, BMNH, CNCI, MIZA). 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 43

ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon- tral view with hypostomal bridge not devel- or of Dr. S. B. Peck (Carleton University, oped; palpi long and slender; palpal formula Ottawa) who collected many diapriid wasps 5±2; antenna in both sexes 13-segmented; A1 in Chile. elongate, distinctly longer than A3; apical DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest). rim of A1 not emarginate ventrally, female BIOLOGY: Unknown. antenna usually with light nonabrupt clava, VARIATION: Considerable variation exists clavomeres gradually incrassate, A13 always in crenulation of posterior margin of meso- longest and widest; male antenna ®liform pleuron; extreme cases are specimens with with scattered ®ne pilosity, A4 modi®ed, crenulae indicated only at base to those with usually only moderately bent, with longitu- margin entirely crenulate. dinal carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma gen- erally short, as high as wide, highly convex Doddius, new genus dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with long Figures 39, 40 cervix and prominent but rounded shoulders, side of pronotum without hairy cushion, but DIAGNOSIS (&(): Large individuals (4±6 often with very dense pilosity; epomium de- mm); body color from light to dark brown, veloped, usually obscured by rugulose sculp- rarely parts of body reddish, body sculpture ture; mesoscutum strongly convex; parapsi- often rough rugose (head, mesosoma, peti- dal and anterior parallel lines usually well ole), less frequently smooth, with abundant impressed, notaulus complete, noncrenulate, pilosity, but no hairy cushions or foamy deeply incised, often moderately dilated ba- structures; antennal shelf not developed, to- sally; humeral and suprahumeral sulci deep ruli separated by gap, in some species toruli but narrow, usually noncrenulate; anterior almost contiguous but not connected by ca- scutellar pit large and deep, wider than long, rina; cheek and gena with fan of strong striae with two or more longitudinal keels on bot- reaching lower orbit, striae obscuring malar tom; scutellar disc slightly to distinctly con- sulcus; forewing with marginal vein remark- vex with no lateral keels and no lateral scu- ably elongate, vein longer than its distance tellar pits; posterior scutellar pits well devel- from junction of basal and submarginal oped; posterior margin of axilla distinctly veins; marginal vein 3.3±5.5 times longer rounded, gently sloping into shallow axillar than stigmal vein; petiole remarkably elon- depression; mesopleuron moderately convex, gate, pencil-like, slightly shorter (females) or with moderate median oblique depression; longer (males) than rest of metasoma; ante- epicnemial pit large, often rugose; sternaulus rior margin of syntergite with deep slit or often developed, but sometimes replaced by emargination medially. rough rugosity; posterior margin of meso- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal pleuron (above mid coxa) with row of cren- view transverse, subrectangular; temples ulae or transverse pits; metanotum relatively long, distinctly rounded; toruli separated by broad, dorsellum usually with three subequal gap or almost contiguous, not connected by keels obscured by dense pilosity, median carina; head in lateral view with antennal keel rarely produced into long spine; meta- shelf not developed, level of toruli in lower pleuron distinctly rugose, partly hairy; pro- half of eye; eye subovate; oral carina not de- podeum generally hairy, in dorsal view mod- veloped; occipital ¯ange narrow, sometimes erately elongate, with median keel and pos- crenulate; postgenal cushion not developed; terolateral corners only slightly elevated; pli- head in frontal view with long face; mandible ca not developed; posterior margin of short but strong, bidentate, lower tooth dis- propodeum not distinctly rimed; nucha short; tinctly longer; clypeus considerably convex, forewing long and large, usually infuscate, narrow, higher than wide, with anterior mar- and/or maculate, rounded apically, with fair- gin almost ¯exed; epistomal sulcus not de- ly long marginal cilia; costa often less pig- ®ned; labrum not exposed; tentorial pits mented than submarginal vein, costal cell rel- small; malar sulcus obscured by fan of strong atively broad; marginal vein remarkably striae radiating on cheeks and gena from ten- elongate, 3.3±5.56 times longer than stigmal torial pit to lower margin of eye; head in ven- vein, slightly longer than section of submar- 44 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

ginal vein from junction with basal vein; DISTRIBUTION: At present some 25 undes- stigmal vein short, slightly slanted toward cribed species are known to us from Central marginal vein; postmarginal vein rudimen- and South America (all in CNCI). Most spe- tary; basal vein tracheate, not arcuate, joining cies were collected in Costa Rica, Venezuela submarginal vein at acute angle; posterior (including top of AuyaÂn Tepui), and Ecua- part of M vein (past basal vein) tracheate up dor; the northernmost point of distribution is to short nebulous stem of 1m±cu; Rs and Cu with Doddius rugosus (Dodd) from Mexico usually deeply pigmented, nebulous; hind (Guerrero), the southern limit with one fre- wing with complete submarginal vein, tra- quent species in the Valdivian forest in Chile cheate basal vein, and nebulous continuation and one isolated species in eastern Brazil (Si- of M vein; no short-winged or apterous erra Bocaina). forms known; legs long and slender, espe- BIOLOGY: Hosts are unknown. Adults of cially trochanter and base of femur. META- Doddius are frequently encountered in moist, SOMA. Petiole remarkably elongate, pencil- cool habitats such as cloud forests, upper like, usually slightly shorter (females) or lon- mountain forests and paramo, in elevations ger (males) than rest of metasoma, anterior from 850 m to over 4000 m. margin of petiole funnelled into ¯ange par- tially overlapping posterior margin of nucha, Entomacis Foerster surface of petiole either partly longitudinally Figures 48, 49, 50 costate or with transverse rough rugosity; an- Entomacis Foerster, 1856: 121, 123. terior margin of syntergite with deep slit or Hemilexis Foerster, 1856: 121, 123, 127. Synon- emargination medially; apex of metasoma ymized by Dalla Torre, 1898a. past petiole in female either blunt, with api- Glyphidopria Haliday, 1857: 172. An objective cal sternite short, or pointed, long, conical, junior synonym of Entomacis Foerster. with apical sternite strongly compressed, Hemilexodes Ashmead, 1893: 386, 399. Synony- plow-shaped; base of S2 anterolaterally with mized by Masner and Muesebeck in Krombein two sharp keels ¯anking posterior apex of and Burks, 1967. petiole. Adeliopria Ashmead, 1902: 15. Synonymized by Masner, 1964a:123±155. TYPE SPECIES: Bakeria rugosa Dodd, by present designation and new combination. DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Doddius (1±3 mm), gracile individuals; body color is distinct among the Spilomicrini because of usually brown, rarely bright yellow-orange the strongly striate cheeks and the unusually or almost black, smooth and highly shining; long marginal vein in the forewing. Most body either glabrous, without micropilosity, species known to us exhibit rough rugose usually with sparse long semierect hairs dor- sculpture, especially on the mesoscutum and sally, or body with abundant pilosity includ- scutellum; however, we know also a number ing dense semiappressed micropilosity at of species with these parts almost entirely least on head; foamy structures not devel- smooth. Doddius is related to Entomacis (es- oped; antennal shelf not developed, toruli pecially its primitive group of species in usually separated by gap, less frequently con- Chile), Poecilopsilus, and Xenismarus large- tiguous; anterior scutellar pit large, deep, ly because of similar structure of mesosoma subrectangular, without median keel, rarely (e.g., mesopleuron), the toruli, apical rim of with irregular longitudinal rugulosity on bot- the A1 and the wing venation of the fore- tom; mesopleuron posteroventrally (above wing. midcoxa) often with subcircular matte spot; ETYMOLOGY: The only known species of wings usually long and slender, forewing fre- this genus was described by Dodd (1920) un- quently subtruncate to bilobate apically, with der the name Bakeria rugosa from Guerrero remarkably long marginal cilia, stigmal vein (Mexico). Dodd (op. cit.) indicated that the in forewing relatively very long, as long as species may in fact represent an undescribed or longer than marginal vein, slanted diago- genus. It is our pleasure to dedicate this new nally or almost perpendicular to marginal genus in his memory; the gender is mascu- vein; metasoma past petiole distinctly elon- line. gate, anterior margin of syntergite very nar- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 45 row, subequal in width to petiole, margin sion large, deep usually smooth at bottom straight or notched, tergites past syntergites and glabrous; mesopleuron moderately con- often very narrow forming broad short tri- vex, with moderate median oblique depres- angle, tergites sometimes telescoped under sion; epicnemial pit and carina present, ru- syntergite. dimentary or absent; sternaulus not devel- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal oped; mesopleuron posteroventrally (above view usually globular, rarely slightly to mod- midcoxa) often with subcircular matte spot, erately transverse, hypognathous with frons posterior margin of mesopleuron sometimes unarmed; temple long, distinctly rounded; with row of crenulae or pits; dorsellum usu- head in lateral view with antennal shelf not ally with three longitudinal keels, middle developed, toruli separated by gap, rarely keel sometimes produced into short spine; contiguous, level of toruli usually in middle metapleuron usually smooth and glabrous; of eye; eye subcircular, with ommatidia rel- propodeum generally hairy, in dorsal view atively large and convex; oral carina rarely short with median keel usually sharply pro- developed; postgenal cushion not developed; jecting dorsally, posterolateral corners of occipital ¯ange short but sharply de®ned; propodeum usually acute, spikelike, posterior head in frontal view with long face, mandible margin of propodeum rimlike, plicae well de- short but strong, bidentate; clypeus moder- veloped; wings usually long and slender, ately convex anterior margin of clypeus often forewing frequently subtruncate to bilobate rimlike; epistomal sulcus replaced by shal- apically, with remarkably long marginal cil- low declivity; labrum not exposed; tentorial ia, stigmal vein in forewing relatively very pits usually well developed; malar sulcus ab- long, as long as or longer than marginal vein, sent, rarely in some species weakly devel- slanted diagonally to almost perpendicular to oped; head in ventral view with hypostomal marginal vein, marginal vein in one species bridge not developed; palpi slender and long, not reaching foremargin of wing; forewing palpal formula 5±2; antenna in both sexes with costa rarely tubular, usually nebulous or 13-segmented; A1 long and slender with api- absent; submarginal vein distinctly remote cal rim unarmed and not emarginate ventral- from foremargin of wing, distinctly surpass- ly; female antenna generally with light, non- ing basal third of wing, basal vein absent or abrupt multisegmented clava, rarely anten- nebulous, nonarcuate, joining submarginal nomeres 12 and 13 broadly approximated, vein at acute angle, posterior section of me- seemingly con¯uent; male antenna usually ®- dial vein often nebulous, Rs, Cu, and poste- liform, A3 subequal to A4, A3±A13 with rior section of medial vein at most nebulous; long hairs, A4 modi®ed, usually with sharp hind wing with submarginal vein tubular or carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma generally absent; wings may be shortened to stumps in short, usually as high as wide, often highly several undescribed species; legs very long convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view and slender, femora often subclavate in pos- with cervix distinctly elongate and constrict- terior half. METASOMA. Metasoma rela- ed; pronotal shoulders moderately to strongly tively slender and elongate, distinctly over- projecting, side of pronotum without hairy lapped by wings; petiole moderately to dis- cushion; epomium not developed; mesoscu- tinctly elongate, cylindrical, usually with lon- tum often strongly convex; parapsidal and gitudinal keels, with few scattered hairs but anterior parallel lines not developed; notau- no dense cushions of micropilosity; metaso- lus complete, abbreviate or absent; humeral ma past petiole distinctly elongate, anterior and suprahumeral sulci present or absent; an- margin of syntergite very narrow, subequal terior scutellar pit large, deep, subrectangu- in width to petiole, margin somewhat elevat- lar, without median keel, rarely with irregular ed and ¯exed upward, with moderate to deep longitudinal rugulosity on bottom; scutellar median notch and sometimes with additional disc subrectangular to subquadrate, with lat- crenulae or short striae at sides, rarely ante- eral keels often sharply pointed anteriorly; rior margin not notched, tergites past synter- lateral scutellar pits reduced or absent; pos- gite usually very narrow, forming broad terior scutellar pits rarely developed; poste- short triangle, tergites sometimes telescoped rior margin of axilla rounded; axillar depres- under syntergite. 46 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Ento- upper part of basal vein strongly arcuate, macis is a very large genus, especially in the bent backward; hind wing with closed basal Neotropical region with large numbers of un- cell, basal and median veins tracheate, but described species. Entomacis is related to without pigment, almost transparent; anterior Doddius and Poecilopsilus; from Doddius it margin of syntergite with deep long median differs principally by the nonstriate cheeks cleft. and the ratio of marginal and stigmal veins, DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal from Poecilopsilus by the structure of the no- view slightly transverse, subrectangular, with tauli and the absence of a long median pro- shelf and toruli projecting; toruli connected cess on the dorsellum. Entomacis is repre- with carina, carina sometimes with slight me- sented by numerous undescribed species in dian declivity; temples subequal to or shorter the Valdivian forest of Chile (also in New than length of eye; head in lateral view with Zealand and temperate Australia); these are antennal shelf partly developed; level of to- considered the most primitive stock of the rulus at midpoint of eye; eye subcircular, genus as exempli®ed by relatively complete with long pilosity; oral carina not developed; venation of the forewing, more widely sep- postgenal cushion not developed; occipital arated toruli, and the presence of epicnemial ¯ange moderate; head in frontal view with pit, epicnemial carina and the crenulae along face relatively long; clypeus strongly convex, the posterior margin of the mesopleuron. subtriangular; epistomal depression distinctly These species are also remarkable for dense developed; anterior margin of clypeus micropilosity of the body. strongly projecting and distinctly ¯exed; la- DISTRIBUTION: Entomacis is nearly world- brum not exposed; malar sulcus strongly de- wide in its distribution; in the New World we veloped; lower gena usually with fan of examined specimens from Ellesmere Island strong striae, striae rudimentary to absent in in the high Arctic of Canada to Patagonia of some species; tentorial pit minute or absent; Chile, with individuals occurring from low- mandible short, strong, bidentate, with lower land rainforest to the highest elevations in the tooth longer; palpi long and slender, palpal Andes (paramo). formula 5±2; head in ventral view with hy- BIOLOGY: One species was reared from ter- postomal bridge not developed; antennal for- restrial Ceratopogonidae; it is highly proba- mula 13±13; A1 long, typically widest at ble that the entire genus is associated with base and gradually tapering, apical rim deep- Ceratopogonidae, as exempli®ed by the oc- ly excavate ventrally, produced into two dis- currence of its members in wet, moist, semi- tinct ¯aps; A2 in both sexes in dorsal view aquatic habitats. strongly compressed basally, wedge-shaped, ®tting between ¯aps of A1; female clava Epomium, new genus nonabrupt, multisegmented (6±7 segments); Figure 53 clavomeres progressively thickened, only moderately ¯attened ventrally; A13 largest, DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized slightly longer than A12, with no pit ven- (3.5±4 mm) robust individuals; body color trally; male antenna ®liform, with short scat- predominantly black with appendages ligh- tered pilosity; A3 shorter than A1, longer ter; head and mesosoma partly to predomi- than or subequal to A4; A4 only slightly nantly roughly sculptured, head rugose-punc- emarginate, with longitudinal carina. ME- tate, mesosoma with longitudinal keels and SOSOMA. Mesosoma short, robust, wider carinae and irregular rugose sculpture, shin- than high, remarkably ¯attened dorsally; pro- ing, with abundant dense pilosity, no hairy thorax in dorsal view with distinct cervix and cushions or foamy structures; clypeus slight- sharply angular pronotal shoulders; side of ly elongate, relatively narrow, with anterior pronotum considerably concave medially, margin projecting and ¯exed; apex of A1 mostly smooth and glabrous, with sharply deeply emarginate ventrally, with apical ¯aps carinate epomium, with dense pilosity in well developed; epomium strongly devel- front of epomium; posterior margin of pron- oped, angular and pointed; scutellar pit bi- otum (between forecoxa and spiracle) non- foveate; forewing with costal cell very broad; crenulate, at most with one shallow pit; pro- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 47 pleuron almost smooth, with short scattered tracheate veins, veins glassy without pig- appressed pilosity; mesoscutum almost semi- ment; wings often shortened, not exceeding circular, predominantly with coarse longitu- base of syntergite; legs moderately long, tro- dinal rugulosity or longitudinal keels, with chanters strongly elongate, anterior constrict- scattered semierect long hairs; parapsidal and ed part of femora relatively short. META- anterior parallel lines replaced by strong SOMA. Metasoma long pedunculate; petiole keels; notaulus percurrent, deeply com- distinctly elongate, cylindrical to subcylindr- pressed, noncrenulate; humeral and supra- ical, at least twice as long as wide, typically humeral sulci developed, sometimes ob- with longitudinal irregular carinae or with ir- scured by rugosity; anterior scutellar pit bi- regular rugulosity, generally glabrous dorsal- foveate, pits large, irregular, often obscured ly, hairy ventrally, with moderate to distinct by rugosity; scutellar disc subquadrate, with anterior ¯ap; metasoma past petiole ovoid, lateral keels relatively well developed; axillar moderately wider than high, only slightly and lateral pits present but often obscured by convex dorsally; anterior margin of synter- rugosity; posterior scutellar pits always well gite with deep cleft medially; apex of meta- developed; posterior margin of axilla sharp; soma in female only shortly pointed, hypo- axillar depression deep, ®lled with ®ne pi- pygium broadly triangular, not distinctly losity; mesopleuron almost ¯at, predomi- compressed; anterior margin of S2 with mod- nantly glabrous and smooth; median oblique erate to strong rim. depression not well de®ned; epicnemial pit TYPE SPECIES: Epomium cicatrix, new spe- deep, with abundant pilosity; sternaulus cies (described below), by present designa- strongly developed, broad, noncrenulate; tion. posterior margin of mesopleuron with several RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Epom- large irregular pits; metanotum relatively ium is compared best with Ferrugenus, shar- well developed; dorsellum distinctly elevat- ing with it several symplesiomorphic char- ed, with three short longitudinal keels and acter states such as the basal cell in the hind abundant pilosity; metapleuron rough rugu- wing enclosed by tracheate veins, tracheate lose, entirely hairy; propodeum moderately basal vein in forewing, broad costal cell, etc. long, median keel moderately raised anteri- The two genera also share the strongly an- orly; posterior margin of propodeum exca- gular epomium and the deeply cleft anterior vate medially, with four blunt corners (upper margin of the syntergite. Epomium differs and lower ones) laterally; median part of pro- from Ferrugenus by the structure of the clyp- podeum less hairy, with more abundant pi- eus, presence of malar sulcus, the structure losity at sides; plica often obscured by irreg- of the apex of the A1, the remarkably ¯at- ular keels on propodeum; nucha short, not tened mesonotum, and by the striate gena in distinctly exposed; forewing relatively short most species. and narrow, rounded apically, with short ETYMOLOGY: The name refers to the strong marginal cilia; foremargin of forewing with development of the epomium on the side of series of long semierect bristles on costal the pronotum; the gender is neuter. vein; wing venation of forewing reaching DISTRIBUTION: Several species are known middle of wing length; costa either tracheate to us from the Valdivian forest in Chile. We or hyaline, submarginal vein strongly trache- also examined a member of Epomium from ate, costal cell moderately wide, marginal South Africa (relict forest in Drakensberg) vein strongly pigmented, moderately elon- suggesting possible Gondwanic origin of the gate, rarely as long as wide, short stigmal genus. vein slanted toward marginal vein, postmar- BIOLOGY: Unknown. ginal vein rudimentary; basal vein tracheate, upper part of basal vein strongly arcuate, Epomium cicatrix, new species bent backward in acute angle with submar- Figure 53 ginal vein; posterior part of M vein partly tracheate; basal part of Rs, apex of M and DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 3.7 often Cu nebulous; hind wing with tracheate mm; head, mesosoma except tegula, petiole, submarginal vein and basal cell closed by A1 except for apex and coxae black, tegula, 48 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 palpi, apex of A1, A2±A7 reddish brown, elongate (16:7); postmarginal vein rudimen- legs dark brown, tarsi light brown, A8±A13 tary; stigmal vein distinctly shorter than mar- brown, metasoma past petiole dark brown; ginal vein. METASOMA. Petiole pencil-like, small brownish spot below stigmal vein in distinctly longer than wide (46:20), with ir- forewing. HEAD. Head in dorsal view slight- regular longitudinal keels dorsally, otherwise ly wider than long (72:64); occiput and tem- smooth and shining, predominantly glabrous ple with deep rough rugose punctures; tem- dorsally, with long semierect hairs laterally; ple distinctly shorter than eye (12:27), syntergite longer than rest of metasoma (100: strongly receding; toruli separated by space 62), smooth and shining, with only very few subequal to their diameter; head in lateral scattered hairs. view slightly higher than long (71:64), eye MALE: Unknown. slightly higher than long (33:25); eye height TYPE MATERIAL:17&. Holotype, & (CNCI larger than malar space (33:28); head in fron- no. 22454), CHILE, Malleco Prov., 12 km tal view with space between toruli only E Malalcahuello, 1350 m, trap site 650, De- slightly emarginate, with shallow declivity cember 13±31, 1982, A. Ne wton and M. below; face smooth, with numerous setiger- Thayer, Nothofagus dombeyi±Araucaria for- ous punctures; tentorial pits small but dis- est; well preserved. Paratypes, 12&, same tinct; striae on gena not exceeding half dis- data as holotype; 2&, Concepcion, Boca Bio- tance toward lower orbit; A1 predominantly Bio, May 24, 1957, no collector; 1&, Nuble smooth, with setigerous punctures, distinctly Prov. Trancas, 1700 m, December 6, 1984± widest basally; antennal segments in relative February 4, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT; 1&, proportions (57:13.5), (15:12), (27:9), (13: Malcho Prov., Parral-Talca, January 12±26, 9.5), (12:10), (11:10), (10:11), (10:12), (10: 1993, L.E. PenÄa, mixed forest. All type ma- 12.5), (10:12.5), (10:12.5), (11:12.5), (17: terial in CNCI. 13). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than ETYMOLOGY: From cicatrix (Latin), mean- wide (125:80); pronotum dorsally rough ru- ing scarred, in reference to the rough sculp- gose-punctate, with dense pilosity; side of ture on the head and mesosoma. pronotum considerably concave, smooth and DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest). mirrorlike-shining, with two rows of short BIOLOGY: Unknown. hairs, one near posterior margin, another in VARIATION: No substantial variation en- middle; dorsal margin of pronotum (adjacent countered in the type series. to mesoscutum) with three large irregular pits, margin of epomium very sharp, almost Ferrugenus, new genus ¯exed; mesoscutum with anterior parallel Figures 54, 55b, 56 lines replaced by strong keels, parapsidal lines also replaced by keels; median lobe of DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized mesoscutum with percurrent central longitu- (3.6 mm) robust individuals; body color pre- dinal keel and irregular shallow punctures dominantly reddish brown to ferrugineous, posteromedially; humeral and suprahumeral with appendages lighter; head, most of me- sulci with some crenulae; anterior scutellar sosoma and petiole predominantly rough ru- pits divided by low septum; axilla with two gose, shining, with abundant dense pilosity, or three irregular large punctures; scutellar no hairy cushions, and no foamy structures; disc with several irregular longitudinal keels; apex of A1 not emarginate ventrally; A2 su- posterior scutellar pits developed (4±5); me- bquadrate, with sharply constricted base, A3 sopleuron predominantly glabrous, with deep in female remarkably elongate; epomium longitudinal sulcus dorsally (below tegula); strongly developed, angular and pointed; no- sternaulus broad, borded anteriorly by deep, taulus deeply crenulated; scutellar pit bifov- hairy epicnemial pit; posterior margin of me- eate; axillar keels strongly developed, sharp; sopleuron with three large irregular pits; pro- forewing with costal cell broad; marginal podeum in dorsal view with three large po- vein strongly developed, thick; postmarginal lygonal ®elds on each side of median keel; vein present; hind wing with closed basal forewing only slightly exceeding tip of me- cell, basal and median vein tracheate but tasoma; marginal vein in forewing distinctly without pigment, almost transparent, poste- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 49 rior part of M rudimentary; anterior margin eate, pits large and irregular; scutellar disc of syntergite with deep long median cleft. subquadrate without lateral keels; lateral, ax- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal illar, and posterior scutellar pits replaced by view transverse, subrectangular, with shelf rugosity; posterior margin of axilla rounded; and toruli strongly projecting; temple rela- axillar depression with irregular borders, tively short, receding; toruli partly separated, with abundant pilosity; mesopleuron slightly with shallow emargination in between; head concave, median oblique depression not well in lateral view with antennal shelf partly de- de®ned; epicnemial pit deep, with abundant veloped; level of torulus distinctly at lower pilosity; sternaulus replaced by rugosity; pos- arc of eye; eye subcircular, with long pilos- terior margin of mesopleuron with row of ity; oral carina absent; postgenal cushion not large irregular pits or crenulae; metanotum developed; occipital ¯ange broad, with rough strongly developed, medially as long as half crenulae; head in frontal view with face rel- of scutellum, almost as long as propodeum; atively broad and short; mandible short but dorsellum weakly de®ned, moderately bulg- strong, bidentate, lower tooth slightly longer; ing, with three indistinct longitudinal keels; clypeus moderately convex, distinctly wider metapleuron rough rugulose, partly glabrous; than long, anterior margin of clypeus not dis- propodeum relatively short, median keel tinctly ¯exed; epistomal depression shallow; moderately raised anteriorly, posterior mar- labrum not exposed; tentorial pit present; gin of propodeum deeply excavate, with four malar sulcus not developed; head in ventral strong blunt corners (upper and lower ones), view with hypostomal bridge not developed; median part of propodeum almost glabrous, palpal formula 5±2; antenna formula 13±13; sides of propodeum hairy; nucha short, al- A1 long and slender, slightly wider basally, most smooth, not concealed under anterior tapering apically, apical rim not excavate margin of petiole; forewing broad, rounded ventrally, rim not produced into ¯aps; A2 in apically, with minute marginal cilia; costa both sexes characteristically constricted ba- and submarginal vein tracheate, enclosing sally, subquadrate; A3 in female remarkably broad costal cell; marginal vein strongly de- elongate, female clava almost indistinct, 7± veloped, thick, moderately elongate, stigmal 8-segmented, clavomeres only moderately vein subperpendicular and shorter than mar- ¯attened ventrally, A13 slightly longer than ginal vein; postmarginal vein shortly devel- A12, with no ventral pit; male antenna al- oped; basal vein tracheate, nonarcuate, dis- most ®liform, with short scattered pilosity, tinctly joining submarginal vein at acute an- A3 shorter than A1 but longer than A4, A4 gle; posterior part of M vein (past base of with moderate constriction basally and lon- basal vein) tracheate; basal part of Rs dis- gitudinal carina in basal half. MESOSOMA. tinctly nebulous, apical part of Rs nebulous; Mesosoma short, robust, wider than high, hind wing with tracheate submarginal vein only moderately convex dorsally; prothorax and tracheate enclosed basal cell; legs strong in dorsal view with short cervix and sharp and short, apices of femora without distinct angular pronotal shoulders; side of pronotum ¯aps. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pe- deeply concave, partly smooth and glabrous, dunculate; petiole only moderately elongate, with sharp angular-pointed epomium and without anterior ¯ap, with irregular rugosity, dense pilosity in front of epomium; posterior predominantly glabrous dorsally, with dense margin of pronotum (between forecoxa and long hairs ventrally and at sides; metasoma spiracle) noncrenulate or pits; propleuron al- past petiole ovoid, moderately wider than most entirely concealed under head, hairy; high, moderately ¯attened dorsally; anterior mesoscutum almost semicircular, distinctly margin of syntergite with remarkably long, wider than long, with rough rugulosity and deep median cleft; apex of metasoma in fe- long scattered semierect hairs; parapsidal and male almost blunt, apical sternite short, not anterior parallel lines replaced by keels; no- compressed; anterior margin of S2 ¯exed, taulus percurrent, very broad, dilated and rimlike. converging posteriorly, deeply crenulate; hu- TYPE SPECIES: Ferrugenus chilensis, new meral and suprahumeral sulci obscured by species (described below), by present desig- rough rugosity; anterior scutellar pit bifov- nation. 50 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Ferru- ly, with scattered punctures, ®nely rugulose genus and Epomium share several highly ple- dorsally, in lateral view broadest at base, siomorphic character states such as tracheate with sharp basal margin (right above radicle) basal and posterior median veins, broad cos- gradually tapering toward apex; antennal tal cell and thick marginal vein in forewing segments in relative proportions (67:16), (14: and fully tracheate closed basal cell in hind 12), (40:12), (12:13), (12:14), (12:14.5), (12: wing. On the other hand, the deeply crenulate 15), (12:15), (12:15), (12:15), (12:15), (12: notaulus, the rough rugose sculpture of the 15), (23:15). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma lon- head and mesosoma as well as the deep cleft ger than wide (158:110); notaulus with large on anterior margin of the syntergite in Fer- crenulae, notaulus dilated posteriorly, space rugenus is considered highly apomorphic. between inner margins of notauli subequal to Ferrugenus differs from Pentapria by the bi- width of notaulus posteriorly; anterior scu- foveate anterior scutellar pit, furthermore by tellar pits large, irregular, divided by narrow the sharply pointed epomium, elongate A3 in septum; tegula and axillar keel smooth; up- female antenna and moderately developed per anterior corner of mesopleuron (below median keel of propodeum. Ferrugenus tegula) with patch of dense pilosity followed shares similar structure of the scapal (A1) below by zone of coarse areolate rugae, ster- rim with Entomacis and Poecilopsilus; it dif- naulus replaced by zone of areolate rugae; fers from both in wing venation and structure dorsellum relatively broad, only slightly of the antenna. shorter than propodeum (22:27); forewing ETYMOLOGY: The Latin name implies the venation (tip of postmarginal vein) distinctly prevailing color of the body, which is reddish exceeding half of wing length; marginal cilia brown to ferrugineous; the gender is mas- very short in ratio to maximum wing width culine. (5:110); apex of stigmal vein with short tra- DISTRIBUTION: At present, only one species cheate knob (part of Rs). METASOMA. Pet- is known from the Valdivian forest of Chile. iole only slightly elongate (15:10); metasoma BIOLOGY: Unknown. past petiole moderately elongate (123:90), incision on anterior margin of syntergite ex- Ferrugenus chilensis, new species tending to basal sixth of syntergite, syntergite Figures 54, 55b, 56 perfectly smooth and almost glabrous, with few erect hairs anterolaterally; following ter- DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 3.6 gites smooth; T7 with distinct pilosity later- mm; head, mesosoma and petiole dark red- ally; spiracle on T8 large; cercus on T9 dish brown, antenna ferrugineous; tegula, small; apical sternite short, subtriangular legs including coxae, most of mandible and with dense pilosity; S2 with two longitudinal palpi yellowish brown; metasoma past peti- rows of long scattered semierect hairs. ole predominantly chestnut-brown; wings al- MALE: Very similar to female, differing most clear; forewing with veins, especially only in structure of A3±A13; antennal seg- marginal vein, deeply pigmented. HEAD: ments in relative proportions (58:13), (13: Head in dorsal view slightly wider than long 11), (36:10), (25:10.5), (18:11), (16:11), (17: (92:75); upper frons, vertex and occiput with 11.5), (17:12), (17:12), (17:12), (17:12), (17: rough rugose sculpture forming irregular 12), (25:11); A3±A12 with dense semide- polygons with deep pits; temple behind eye cumbent pilosity not exceeding one-®fth of shorter than eye length; space between inner length of antennomeres; cercus of T9 dis- rims of toruli subequal to diameter of torulus, tinctly more developed than in female. shorter than distance between outer rim of TYPE MATERIAL:5&(. Holotype, & torulus and inner orbit of eye; head in lateral (CNCI no. 22455), CHILE, Nuble Prov., view slightly higher than long (85:75), eye Las Trancas, 19.5 km ESE Recinto, 1250 m, slightly higher than long (40:32); eye height December 10, 1983, A. Newton and M. larger than malar space (40:30); head in fron- Thayer; left forewing glued on point. Allo- tal view with toruli divided by shallow de- type: (, same data as holotype. Paratypes, clivity; clypeus smooth and shining, without 1(, CHILE, Nuble Prov., 22 km ESE Re- rugosity; A1 predominantly smooth ventral- cinto, 1330 m, December 1983±January 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 51

1984, A. Newton and M. Thayer, Nothofagus frontal view with face broad; mandible short forest; 1(, Malleco Prov, Princesa, 20 km and strong, bidentate, rarely right mandible Curacautin, 1000 m, December 12, 1984± subtridentate; clypeus small, with weak ep- February 16, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT, Noth- istomal depression; labrum not exposed; ten- ofagus forest; 1&, Cautin Prov. 21 km NE torial pits well developed; malar sulcus pre- Pucon, Lago Caburga, 600 m, December 15, sent or absent; head in ventral view with hy- 1984±February 10, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT, postomal bridge not developed; palpal for- mixed forest remnant. All paratypes depos- mula 5±2; antennal formula 12±13; A1 ited in CNCI. relatively long in female, shorter in male, ETYMOLOGY: The species name refers to with apical rim unarmed and only moderate- the country of origin. ly emarginated ventrally; female antenna pre- DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest). dominantly with robust nonabrupt multiseg- BIOLOGY: Unknown. mented clava, A12 only moderately longer VARIATION: No variation encountered in than preceding clavomeres, all clavomeres type material. distinctly ¯attened ventrally; male antenna ®- liform, with scattered short hairs, A2 re- Idiotypa Foerster markably short, subquadrate, A3 and A4 sub- Figures 59, 60 equal, A4 modi®ed, with long ventral carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short Idiotypa Foerster, 1856: 122, 125. and stout, slightly wider than high, only DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in (1±3.5 mm) robust individuals; body color dorsal view with distinct cervix; pronotal often pale, reddish orange to yellow, less fre- shoulders moderately to strongly projecting, quently brown to dark brown, smooth, with rounded, rarely sharp; side of pronotum in abundant pilosity, hairy cushions at most upper anterior corner often with hairy cush- weakly developed on postgena and anteriorly ion or dense pilosity or with deep subcircular on pronotum, foamy structures not devel- depression; epomium usually not developed, oped; antennal shelf not developed; toruli sometimes its horizontal part developed, in separated by gap, rarely contiguous but not few species complete and very sharp; pos- connected by carina; antennal formula 12± terior margin of pronotum (between forecoxa 13; anterior scutellar pit usually tripartite; and spiracle) noncrenulate or ridges; propleu- forewing with venation distinctly exceeding ron generally hairy; mesoscutum slightly basal half of wing length, stigmal vein al- wider than long, only moderately convex, most perpendicular to marginal vein; post- parapsidal and admedian lines not developed; marginal vein relatively long; Rs2 nebulous, notaulus complete, noncrenulate; humeral down-curved; anterior margin of syntergite and suprahumeral sulci deep, often crenulate, rimlike ¯exed, with short longitudinal keels, sometimes crenulae continuing along anteri- folds or striae, always deeply notched me- or margin of midlobe; anterior scutellar pit dially. typically tripartite, with median pit largest, DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal ¯anked by two smaller pits or pit replaced view slightly transverse, subquadrate or sub- by arc of smaller pits, or median pit strongly rectangular, with toruli moderately project- expanded and lateral pits rudimentary; scu- ing; toruli separated by gap, rarely contigu- tellar disc subquadrate, or transversely sub- ous but not connected by carina; temple rel- rectangular, ¯at or moderately convex, lateral atively short, receding; head in lateral view keels sharp or rounded; posterior scutellar with antennal shelf weakly developed; level pits well developed; posterior margin of ax- of torulus in lower half of eye; eye subcir- illa distinctly rounded; axillar depression cular to ovoid, with long pilosity; oral carina deep, often with ®ne pilosity; mesopleuron not developed; temple behind posterior orbit moderately convex, with shallow oblique very rarely crenulate; postgenal cushion median depression; epicnemial pit large, weakly developed or absent, but area often deep, usually bordered posteriorly by crenu- with dense pilosity; occipital ¯ange narrow late epicnemial carina; sternaulus absent; but well developed, rarely crenulate; head in posterior margin of mesopleuron rarely with 52 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 row of crenulae or pits, sometimes only few sify in Idiotypa a large complex of short- pits right above mesocoxa; metanotum mod- winged or apterous, highly modi®ed species erately developed; dorsellum broad, consid- (&() from the Valdivian forest in Chile and erably raised with three prominent keels; me- Argentina. Female antenna usually 13-seg- tapleuron generally rugose and hairy; pro- mented (rarely 10, 11, or 12), male antenna podeum in dorsal view relatively short, with always 14-segmented, with A4 modi®ed. Fi- areas between plica and median keel often nal classi®cation of this complex would re- smooth and glabrous, median keel strongly quire data on wing venation. developed, pointed to ®nger-shaped, point DISTRIBUTION: This worldwide genus is usually bent backward; plica well developed, well represented in the New World by a high usually angular; side of propodeum hairy; number of species especially in the Neotrop- forewing relatively short, rounded apically, ics. with relatively long marginal cilia, long erect BIOLOGY: Idiotypa nigriceps Kieffer was bristles on costa, with venation distinctly ex- reared from puparia of Phoridae (Diptera) ceeding basal half of wing length; costa and (specimens in Zoological Museum Copen- submarginal veins tracheate, enclosing rela- hagen, D. Notton, personal commun.). Con- tively narrow costal cell, marginal vein siderable variation on body length exists slightly to distinctly elongate, with stigmal among individuals from long series of a Jap- vein shorter, subperpendicular to marginal anese species (CNCI). vein, postmarginal vein moderately to dis- tinctly developed, but subequal to or shorter Paramesius Westwood than marginal vein; basal vein nebulous but Figures 80, 81 deeply pigmented, nonarcuate, joining sub- marginal vein at slanted angle; Rs2 (below Paramesius Westwood, 1832: 129. Aparamesius Kieffer, 1913: 436. Synonymized by apex of stigmal vein) nebulous, characteris- Masner in Krombein and Burks, 1967. tically down-curved; posterior part of M and Cu veins sometimes weakly pigmented; hind DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to large-sized in- wing with complete sclerotized submarginal dividuals (1.5±5 mm); body color predomi- vein; wings reduced in several species to nar- nantly dark, black or brownish black, rarely row strips not exceeding propodeum, with light brown to orange, smooth and highly mesosoma generally reduced, and ocelli ab- shining; body predominantly glabrous with- sent; legs relatively short. METASOMA. out micropilosity, usually with sparse semi- Metasoma relatively short and broad, wider erect to erect long hairs; hairy cushions often than high; petiole at most only slightly wider present on postgena, side of pronotum, upper than high, subcylindrical, with longitudinal part of propleuron, in front of mid and hind keels, petiole almost glabrous dorsally, mod- coxae and ventrally on petiole, foamy struc- erately to strongly hairy ventrally; anterior tures rarely present in company of hairy margin of syntergite rimlike ¯exed, with cushions; antennal shelf either with toruli in- short longitudinal keels, folds or striae, al- terconnected with sharp carina or, with toruli ways deeply notched medially; apex of me- more or less wide apart; A13 in female dis- tasoma in female blunt, apical sternite broad, tinctly longest and largest of all clavomeres, not compressed, usually densely hairy; base A3 in male distinctly shorter than A4; mar- of S2 with elevated anterior margin ¯anked ginal vein in forewing distinctly elongate, at by two short hairy grooves. least twice as long as short stigmal vein; an- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among terior margin of syntergite tightly ®tting over the Spilomicrini, Idiotypa comes closest to posterior apex of petiole; apex of female me- Pentapria Kieffer, from which it differs by tasoma sharply conical with long compressed the wing venation (nonarcuate basal vein, apical sternite. strong development of postmarginal vein) DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal and strong development of the median pro- view subpentagonal with toruli strongly pro- podeal keel. Typically, individuals of Idioty- jecting; toruli either connected by sharp ca- pa are more lightly colored than blackish in- rina or separated by slight emargination to dividuals of Pentapria. We tentatively clas- completely separated, not connected by ca- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 53 rina; temples relatively short, strongly reced- always present, rarely crenulate, suprahu- ing; head in lateral view with antennal shelf meral sulcus sometimes developed; anterior relatively well developed; level of torulus scutellar pit usually large, deep, transversely usually around middle of eye; eye subcircu- oval, often with longitudinal keels on bot- lar to ovoid, with relatively large ommatidia; tom, rarely with median septum wider and oral carina either developed or absent; post- hence bifoveate, very rarely pit shallow to genal cushion usually developed; occipital absent; scutellar disc subrectangular or su- ¯ange relatively broad, sharply de®ned, usu- bquadrate, in some species highly elevated, ally noncrenulate; head in frontal view with with sharp lateral keels and deep lateral scu- face relatively long; mandible short but tellar pits; posterior scutellar pits present, in- strong, bidentate, with lower tooth usually distinct, or absent; posterior margin of axilla longer; clypeus moderately convex, anterior relatively sharp; axillar depression large, margin of clypeus straight; epistomal sulcus deep, usually continuing under posterior often indicated by declivity; labrum moder- margin of axilla, sometimes with small ately to strongly exposed; tentorial pits mi- foamy structures on bottom; mesopleuron nute to well developed; malar sulcus not de- moderately convex, oblique median depres- veloped; head in ventral view with hyposto- sion very shallow or absent; epicnemial pit mal bridge not developed; palpi long and usually well developed; sternaulus developed slender, palpal formula 5±2; antenna in both or replaced by row of rugose punctures or sexes 13-segmented; A1 remarkably long multiple horizontal ridges, or sternaulus ab- and slender, with apical rim unarmed and sent; posterior margin of mesopleuron non- only moderately emarginated ventrally; fe- crenulate or pits; metanotum moderately de- male antenna with moderate, nonabrupt, veloped; dorsellum not prominent, usually gradually incrassate, multisegmented clava, with three minute keels; metapleuron deeply clavomeres not ¯attened ventrally, A13 al- concave anteriorly, usually coarsely rugose ways longest and largest, without ventral pit; and densely hairy; propodeum moderately male antenna ®liform, with scattered short elongate, with median part (between plicae) hairs, A3 usually diminished, subequal in often glabrous and smooth, median keel length or equal to A2, always distinctly moderately to strongly developed, elevated shorter than A4; A4 (rarely A3 and A4) mod- and pointed anteriorly; plica moderately to i®ed, with sharp longitudinal carina, very strongly developed; posterior margin of pro- rarely A4 not modi®ed, without carina. ME- podeum moderately to strongly rimlike, with SOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, usu- posterolateral corners usually moderately ally as high as wide, slightly to distinctly projecting; side of propodeum rugose and convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view densely hairy; forewing usually long and with cervix strongly developed; pronotal slender, perfectly rounded apically, marginal shoulders usually well developed and round- cilia fairly long, venation reaching to middle ed, sometimes sharp, rarely shoulders not de- of wing length; costa tracheate; costal cell veloped; side of pronotum anteriorly with relatively narrow, marginal vein distinctly scattered pilosity, rarely pilosity denser, elongate, at least twice as long as short stig- forming a cushion; epomium often well de- mal vein; postmarginal vein at most rudi- veloped, at least its horizontal part, in dorsal mentary; basal vein nebulous in acute angle part forming sharp edge of pronotal shoulder; toward submarginal vein but never joining it, posterior margin of pronotal side (between or basal vein vague or absent, other veins forecoxa and spiracle) usually with row of usually not indicated; hind wing with com- crenulae or transverse ridges; propleuron plete submarginal vein; wings very rarely generally hairy, sometimes with hairy cush- shortened; legs distinctly elongate and slen- ions or foamy structures; mesoscutum mod- der, including coxae, hind coxa in particular, erately elongate, subtriangular, moderately to claws relatively strong. METASOMA. Me- strongly convex; anterior parallel and par- tasoma long-pedunculate; petiole distinctly apsidal lines weakly developed or absent; no- elongate, usually several times longer than taulus complete, abbreviate or absent, usually wide, pencil-like, slightly to distinctly ex- better impressed posteriorly; humeral sulcus panded anteriorly (over nucha), typically 54 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 with longitudinal carinae, very rarely per- arate from lower margin of clypeus by deep fectly smooth, typically glabrous dorsally, al- cleft, space ®lled by exposed sclerotized la- ways densely hairy or with foamy structures brum; mesosoma generally wider than high, ventrally; metasoma past petiole elongate, sometimes moderately to strongly depressed sharply conical-pointed apically in females, dorsoventrally; propleuron usually distinctly ovoid in males; anterior margin of syntergite convex; anterior scutellar pit generally tri- tightly articulating with posterior margin of partite; propodeum generally depressed, petiole, sometimes with short deep incision sometimes completely ¯at; forewing with or cleft anteromedially, or with two very costal cell remarkably broad; stigmal vein shallow depressions anterolaterally; female usually short, oblique to almost horizontal; apical sternite long, plow-shaped, strongly anterior margin of syntergite always modi- compressed; base of S2 without keels. ®ed, concave, generally with median exci- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Para- sion ¯anked by lateral depressions. mesius can be compared with Entomacis and DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal Spilomicrus; from the former it differs prin- view usually subquadrate, often wider than cipally by the wing venation of the forewing high, rarely strongly depressed, elongate or (ratio of marginal and stigmal veins), from globular; frons unarmed, antennal shelf mod- the latter by the structure of female apical erately to strongly developed, temple behind sternite, the structure of male antenna (ratio eye often parallel, rarely rounded, receding of A3 and A4), by the enlarged A13 in fe- or diverging posteriorly; head in lateral view males, and by articulation between petiole with antennal shelf remarkably protruding and rest of metasoma. but never sharply pointed, torulus distinctly DISTRIBUTION: In the New World numerous in level of lower orbit of eye; eye subcircular species occur from Canada to Chile; this with scattered hairs, ocelli relatively small, large genus is almost worldwide in distribu- reduced or absent in short-winged or apter- tion. ous species, sometimes lateral ocelli with BIOLOGY: The hosts are not known, but semicircular groove posteriorly; oral carina presumed to be Diptera. absent or short-pointed; occipital ¯ange usu- ally moderate, sometimes strongly developed Pentapria Kieffer and crenulate; face relatively short, subequal Figures 85, 86 in length to clypeus, often with transverse Pentapria Kieffer, 1905a.: 34. sculpture or ledge; mandible strong, biden- Antipapria Fabritius, 1968: 844. NEW SYNONYMY. tate, always distinctly prominent, clasped or Bakeria Kieffer, 1905a: 34. NEW SYNONYMY. crossing, never falcate, rarely strongly elon- Plutopria Kieffer, 1910b: 48. NEW SYNONYMY. gate, sicklelike crossing and unidentate or Spilomicrinus Ogloblin, 1957: 425. NEW SYNONY- rounded apically; clypeus moderately con- MY. vex, subtriangular, in lateral view separated Xenopria Fouts, 1939: 260. Synonymized by from upper margin of mandible by deep Masner, 1964a: 134. cleft, epistomal sulcus often weakly devel- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized oped; labrum exposed, sclerotized, semicir- individuals (1.5 to 6 mm); body predomi- cular or subtriangular, often distinctly serrate nantly ebony black, rarely light brown with on anterior margin; tentorial pit present or appendices often light colored, body smooth absent; malar sulcus often well developed; and shining, head and mesosoma usually hypostomal bridge not developed; palpi long, with deep scattered punctures, sometimes formula 5±2; female antenna 13-segmented, with rough sculpture, body with scattered relatively short, generally clavate, clava usu- semidecumbent hairs, hairy cushions and ally nonabrupt, clavomeres distinctly sepa- foamy structures not developed; head in lat- rate, usually transverse or beadlike, A1 cy- eral view with antennal shelf remarkably lindrical, without keels, unarmed apically; protruding; torulus distinctly at level of low- male antenna 13-segmented, threadlike, A4 er orbit of eye (lateral view); face relatively sexually modi®ed, A3±A13 with scattered short, subequal in length to clypeus; mandi- dense nonverticillate pilosity. MESOSOMA. ble in lateral view distinctly prominent, sep- Mesosoma generally wider than high, some- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 55 times moderately to strongly depressed dor- cheate, rarely depigmented, moderately to soventrally, in lateral view slightly to strong- strongly arcuate, joining submarginal vein ly ¯attened dorsally, mesosoma moderately long before marginal vein; hind wing with to strongly modi®ed in short-winged and complete tracheate submarginal vein; wings wingless species, with sutures, sulci, and pits sometimes shortened or absent (both sexes); gradually obliterated; pronotum in dorsal legs variable, from long and slender to short view moderately to strongly developed, often and stout, femora always distinctly clavate, subangular anterolaterally, cervix often tarsi sometimes remarkably shortened with strongly developed, pronotum often deeply strong claws; apex of foretibia with or with- punctured, side of pronotum usually with out spine dorsally. METASOMA. Petiole deep, horizontal sulcus medially, epomium variable, moderately to strongly elongate, rarely developed; propleuron usually dis- with longitudinal keels, rugulose or punctate, tinctly convex; mesoscutum broad, notaulus rarely almost smooth or distinctly swollen generally complete, anterior parallel lines medially; metasoma past petiole slightly to rarely developed, parapsidal lines absent, hu- moderately elongate, at most slightly convex meral and suprahumeral sulci usually devel- dorsally, strongly depressed or compressed; oped; anterior scutellar pit generally tripar- anterior margin of syntergite always modi- tite, sometimes pits rugulose, not clearly de- ®ed, concave, generally with median exci- ®ned, or scutellum with series of small pits sion ¯anked by lateral depressions or anterior arranged in arc anteriorly, scutellar disc mod- margin rimmed, with short longitudinal erately to strongly ¯attened, lateral keels usu- keels; metasoma with laterotergites 3 plus 4 ally not developed, posterolateral and poste- relatively short, leaving larger part of syn- rior scutellar pits usually well developed; sternum exposed; S2 anteriorly often pro- posterior margin of axilla usually rounded, jecting, anterolateral corners of S2 visible in axillar depression usually moderate or ab- dorsal view, anterior margin of S2 concave, sent, glabrous or with sparse pilosity; meso- usually with longer median and two shorter pleuron slightly to distinctly wider than high, lateral grooves often ®lled with scattered pi- moderately convex, epicnemial pit present, losity; apical sternite in female sometimes often rugulose, sometimes with chain of very large, slightly concave, with scattered crenulae continuing upward; sternaulus usu- specialized pilosity or stiff rufous pegs or ally present, sometimes superimposed by sternite with dense brush of long rufous pi- horizontal sulcus dorsally; dorsellum rarely losity. de®ned; metapleuron always strongly sculp- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Penta- tured, with scattered pilosity; propodeum pria is one of the largest and most polytypic generally depressed, sometimes completely genera of Diapriinae in the Neotropical re- ¯at, rugulose to almost smooth, median keel gion. Several marginal species were previ- weakly developed or absent, keel very rarely ously given generic status; however, after ex- pointed upwards, plica usually not devel- amination of the type material of these gen- oped, spiracle located near upper margin of era as well as a large amount of additional propodeum, usually only one diameter away material, we decided to treat them as junior from dorsellum, nucha relatively well devel- synonyms (see synonymy above). Pentapria, oped; forewing relatively short and narrow, in this new broader concept is recognized with abundant microtrichia, venation dis- principally on cephalic characters (pro®le of tinctly surpassing basal third of wing length, head with mandibles prominent, exposed la- often reaching almost to middle of wing, cos- brum, position of toruli), characteristic wing ta rarely well developed, usually nebulose, venation (broad costal cell and position of depigmented, costal cell remarkably broad, stigmal and postmarginal veins), and the marginal vein usually short, sometimes modi®ed anterior margin of the syntergite. thickened, rarely not touching anterior mar- Among the Spilomicrini, Pentapria appears gin of wing, postmarginal vein short or ru- closest to Idiotypa, from which it differs con- dimentary, stigmal vein usually short, veniently in female by antennal structure; oblique to marginal vein or almost horizon- also by structure of mandibles, by exposed tal, basal vein usually well developed, tra- labrum, and by different position and length 56 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 of stigmal and postmarginal veins in fore- notched medially, metasoma past petiole in wing. The members of Pentapria are usually female conical, moderately compressed, fe- ebony black (except for some light brown male apical sternite long, plow-shaped. species in Chile); members of Idiotypa are DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal never black, usually brown, reddish brown to view transverse, subrectangular; temples rel- almost yellowish. atively long, moderately receding; toruli sep- DISTRIBUTION: The present known distri- arated by deep gap, not connected by carina; bution of Pentapria is in the New World; head in lateral view with antennal shelf not three species were described from the Nearc- developed; level of torulus in middle of eye; tic region (Fouts, 1939) and several from the eye subcircular, highly convex; oral carina Neotropical region (Kieffer, 1916). We ex- not developed; postgenal cushion absent; oc- amined several thousand specimens and es- cipital ¯ange narrow but strongly developed, timate a minimum of 150 species to be de- crenulate; head in frontal view with small scribed from the Neotropic region. The genus pointed crest on frons (between toruli and an- is exceptionally diverse in Chile; we also ob- terior ocellus), with long face; mandible served an interesting case of sympatric spe- strong, large, bidentate, with lower tooth dis- ciation of short-winged and apterous species tinctly longer; clypeus strongly convex, with of Pentapria (ϭSpilomicrinus) in Juan Fer- middle part subrectangular, with anterior naÂndez Isl. In tropical America, members of margin almost ¯exed, with anterolateral cor- Pentapria occur from wet lowlands to high ners more or less pointed; epistomal sulcus mountains, very abundant in cloud forest replaced by deep declivity; labrum not ex- zone, reaching to paÂramo region in high An- posed; tentorial pit well developed; malar des (above 4000 m). However, we also ex- sulcus strong and broad; cheek and gena not amined a single undescribed species from Ja- striate; head in ventral view with hypostomal pan and two undescribed species from Aus- bridge not developed; palpi long and slender, tralia (CNCI). palpal formula 5±2; antenna in both sexes BIOLOGY: One species was reared from 13-segmented, A1 relatively short, subequal soldier ¯ies (Stratiomyidae) in North Amer- to A3 (female) or distinctly shorter than A3 ica (Fouts, 1939). It is plausible to assume (male), with apical rim unarmed and not that Stratiomyidae are the principal hosts of emarginate ventrally, female antenna long Pentapria, as inferred from the high diversity and slender, only slightly incrassate toward of soldier ¯ies in the Neotropical region. apex, clava not well de®ned, 4±5-segmented, clavomeres almost beadlike, not ¯attened Poecilopsilus Ogloblin ventrally, A13 only slightly longer than A12; Figures 87, 88 male antenna long, ®liform, A3±A13 with dense semierect pilosity, A3 and A4 not bent Poecilopsilus Ogloblin, 1955: 85±88. but with ®ne, long carinae ventrally. ME- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized SOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, usu- individuals (4±6 mm); body color mottled ally as high as wide, highly convex dorsally; light and dark brown; body smooth and high- prothorax in dorsal view relatively well de- ly shining, with abundant pilosity, especially veloped, with cervix distinctly elongate and on head and propodeum; foamy structures constricted; pronotal shoulders well devel- not developed; antennal shelf not developed, oped, but rounded, almost glabrous; epom- toruli separated by deep gap, not connected ium not developed; mesoscutum with scapula by carina; A1 relatively short, subequal to or and mid lobe highly convex; parapsidal and shorter than A3, apical rim circular, not anterior parallel lines moderately developed; emarginate ventrally; notaulus complete, notaulus complete, deeply incised, strongly deeply incised, strongly crenulate and dilated crenulate, distinctly dilated posteriorly; hu- posteriorly; anterior scutellar pit entire, large; meral and suprahumeral sulci deep, sharply median keel of dorsellum produced into long margined, sometimes with ®ne crenulae; an- ®ngerlike process; forewing generally infus- terior scutellar pit large, deep, subcircular, cate, heavily maculate; petiole strongly elon- entire, slightly smaller than scutellar disc; gate; anterior margin of syntergite not scutellar disc subrectangular to subquadrate 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 57 with lateral keels moderately developed; lat- ture of the toruli, the shape of the scapal (A1) eral scutellar pits reduced or not well devel- rim, and the type of wing venation. From En- oped; posterior scutellar pits minute; poste- tomacis it differs primarily by the structure rior margin of axilla rounded; axillar depres- of the notauli, from Xenismarus by a non- sion large, with sparse pilosity; side of pron- exposed labrum, and from Doddius by the otum glabrous, with several deep crenulae in nonstriate cheeks. front of spiracle; mesopleuron predominantly DISTRIBUTION: Specimens of Poecilopsilus glabrous, considerably convex, with only were examined from the Valdivian forest of shallow median oblique line, with row of Chile and Argentina. At present only one crenulae along posterior margin; epicnemial species is described (Ogloblin, 1955). pit well developed: sternaulus at most weak- BIOLOGY: Unknown. ly developed; metanotum relatively broad; dorsellum with median keel remarkably pro- Spilomicrus Westwood duced into long ®ngerlike process; metapleu- Figures 55a, 97 ron with rough rugulosity, densely hairy; en- tire propodeum densely hairy, propodeum in Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832: 129. dorsal view relatively long, subquadrate, me- Loxotropa Foerster, 1856: 122, 123, 126. Synon- ymized by Masner, 1964a: 123±155. dian keel and plica not de®ned, posterolateral Hoplopria Ashmead, 1893: 385, 386, 388. NEW corners of propodeum moderately pointed, SYNONYMY. posterior margin of propodeum not devel- Linkiola Kieffer, 1910b: 39. NEW SYNONYMY. oped, nucha rather short; forewing long and Eriopria Kieffer, 1910a: 693, 744. Synonymized large, subtruncate apically, generally infus- by Masner, 1964a: 123±155. cate and remarkably maculate, with rich Tritopria Kieffer, 1910a: 717, 748. Synonymized wing venation, costa hyaline or nonpigment- by Masner, 1964a: 123±155. ed; submarginal vein tracheate, distinctly re- Cologlyptus Crawford, 1910: 123. Synonymized mote from foremargin, hence costal cell rel- by Masner, in Krombein and Burks, 1967: 285± atively broad; marginal vein reaching near 305. Scutellipria Szabo, 1961: 53±493. Synonymized middle of wing length, elongate, slightly lon- by Masner, 1964a: 123±155. ger than stigmal vein, stigmal vein slightly slanted (not perpendicular) toward marginal DIAGNOSIS (&(): Predominantly medium- vein; postmarginal vein not developed; basal sized (2.5±3.5 mm), rarely smaller (1 mm) or vein only moderately arcuate, deeply pig- larger (3.5±7 mm) individuals; body color mented; median vein, Rs and cubitus nebu- predominantly black or brownish black, rare- lous; hind wing with submarginal and basal ly light brown, reddish or orange, legs and veins tracheate, basal cell open ventrally; often part of antenna contrastingly lighter; legs very long and slender, trochanters dis- body smooth and highly shining, predomi- tinctly elongate, femora strongly constricted nantly glabrous, without micropilosity, usu- in anterior half, subclavate in posterior half. ally with sparse semierect to erect long hairs; METASOMA. Petiole remarkably elongate, hairy cushions usually present on postgena, almost pencil-like, moderately tapering pos- side of pronotum and upper part of propleu- teriorly, with ®ne longitudinal rugulosity and ron; foamy structures not developed; anten- scattered pilosity, petiole only slightly short- nal shelf predominantly well developed with er (female) or longer (male) than rest of me- toruli interconnected with sharp carina, or tasoma; anterior margin of syntergite narrow, rarely shelf absent with toruli more or less subequal in width to petiole, not notched me- wide apart; A3 in male subequal to A4; an- dially; apex of female metasoma consider- terior scutellar pit bifoveate; anterior margin ably compressed, conical and long-pointed; of syntergite not ¯exed, but distinctly ele- base of S2 with two raised converging keels; vated above level of petiole, not notched me- apical sternite in female long, triangular, dially, rarely with two hairy depressions an- plow-shaped. terolaterally; apex of female metasoma only RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Poeci- shortly pointed, apical sternite short, not lopsilus is closest to Entomacis, Xenismarus compressed. and Doddius; it shares with them the struc- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal 58 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 view subglobular with shelf and toruli often strongly convex, rarely ¯attened; parapsidal strongly projecting; toruli predominantly and anterior parallel lines developed or ab- connected by carina, rarely toruli separated sent; notaulus complete, noncrenulate, abbre- by declivity; temple usually short, receding; viate anteriorly, or absent; humeral and su- head in lateral view with antennal shelf well prahumeral sulci developed or absent, non- developed; level of torulus around middle of crenulate; anterior scutellar pit bifoveate, pits eye; eye subcircular to ovoid; oral carina shallow or absent in short-winged species; moderately to well developed; postgenal scutellar disc subrectangular or subquadrate, cushion predominantly well developed, in rarely sharply ridged medially, with sharp some species quite strong; occipital ¯ange al- lateral keels and deep lateral scutellar pits ways present, sharply de®ned, sometimes very, rarely lateral pits not developed; pos- broad and strongly convex, rarely crenulate; terior scutellar pits usually present, rarely ab- head in frontal view with face moderately sent, axillar pit present or absent; posterior long; mandible short but strong, bidentate margin of axilla usually sharp, rarely round- with lower tooth moderately to distinctly lon- ed; axillar depression large, deep, often with ger; clypeus moderately convex, anterior dense pilosity; mesopleuron moderately con- margin of clypeus often slightly arcuate, not vex, oblique median depression usually well ¯exed; epistomal sulcus moderately to dis- developed; epicnemial pit always present, tinctly indicated by declivities; labrum not smooth; sternaulus present or absent; poste- exposed; tentorial pit present or absent; ma- rior margin of mesopleuron predominantly lar sulcus developed or absent; head in ven- noncrenulate or pits; metanotum moderately tral view with hypostomal bridge not devel- developed; dorsellum usually with three oped; palpi long and slender, palpal formula keels, keels rarely sharp to bladelike; meta- 5±2, maxillary palpus 4 often wedgelike; an- pleuron concave anteriorly, usually coarsely tenna in both sexes 13-segmented; A1 re- rugose and densely hairy; propodeum mod- markably long and slender (female) or mod- erately to distinctly elongate, median keel erately long (male), with apical rim unarmed, usually well developed, often produced into only moderately emarginate ventrally, or rim long spine directed upward, or backward; pli- produced laterally in two lamellate ¯aps (®g. ca moderately to strongly developed; poste- 55a); female antenna with moderate, nona- rior margin of propodeum usually angularly brupt, multisegmented clava, A13 subequal excised, sometimes with strong rim and with in length or shorter than A12, often with ven- posterolateral corners moderately projecting; tral pit, clavomeres almost always distinctly side of propodeum rugose and densely hairy; ¯attened ventrally; male antenna typically ®- forewing usually long and slender, perfectly liform, with scattered short hairs, A3 sube- rounded apically, hyaline, infuscate or some- qual to A4, A4 almost always modi®ed, with times maculate, marginal cilia moderately to sharp longitudinal carina, rarely A3 or A5± fairly long; wing venation reaching to middle A7 with low carinae. MESOSOMA. Meso- of wing length; costa usually less distinctly soma generally short, usually as high as wide tracheate than submarginal vein, rarely costa or wider than high, slightly to distinctly con- hyaline or absent; costal cell relatively broad, vex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with rarely more narrow; marginal vein typically cervix strongly developed; pronotal shoul- slightly elongate, less frequently distinctly ders often well developed, rounded, some- elongate or short, thick, almost spotlike; stig- times sharp; side of pronotum anteriorly with mal vein slanted, short, at most subequal to dense pilosity or hairy cushion; epomium marginal vein; postmarginal vein rudimen- predominantly absent, rarely developed, and tary or absent; basal vein at most nebulous, then quite sharp, with adjacent transverse ru- slightly to distinctly arcuate, slanted at acute gulae; posterior margin of pronotum (be- angle toward submarginal vein; basal part of tween forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenulate or Rs2 and posterior part of M at most weakly transverse ridges, but with single row of nebulous; forewing sometimes with whitish short hairs; propleuron generally hairy, longitudinal streak; hind wing with submar- sometimes with hairy cushion; mesoscutum ginal vein tracheate or hyaline; wings may usually as long as wide, moderately to be reduced to absent, mostly in females, rare- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 59 ly in both sexes; legs moderately elongate cialized myrmecophiles among New World and slender, especially trochanters and hind species. tibiae, claws sometimes very strong, apices of mid and hind femora often produced into Xenismarus Ogloblin lamellate ¯aps. METASOMA. Metasoma Figure 101 moderate- to long-pedunculate; petiole mod- Xenismarus Ogloblin, 1959: 43±46. erately to remarkably elongate, pencil-like, slightly to distinctly expanded anteriorly over DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized nucha, typically with longitudinal carinae or individuals (2±4 mm); body color from light costae, less frequently with irregular sculp- to dark brown, rarely almost orange-brown, ture, at least partly glabrous dorsally, densely body smooth and highly shining, rarely head hairy (sometimes with cushion ventrally); densely punctate, with abundant pilosity on metasoma past petiole elongate ovoid, mod- head and dorsal side of mesosoma including erately wider than high, considerably ¯at- propodeum; foamy structures and hairy cush- tered, at most only moderately convex dor- ions not developed; antennal shelf not de- sally; anterior margin of syntergite not ¯exed veloped, toruli wide apart, not connected but distinctly elevated above level of petiole, with carina; labrum broadly exposed; anten- not notched medially, exceptionally with two nal formula 14±14; rim of A1 only slightly hairy depressions anterolaterally; apex of fe- emarginate ventrally; anterior scutellar pit di- male metasoma only shortly pointed, with vided by narrow septum; apex of abdomen short, noncompressed apical sternite; apical in female conical, long-pointed, apical ster- sternite and apex of ovipositor valves rarely nite plow-shaped. with dense stiff pegs or patch of dense pi- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal losity; base of S2 without keels but often view transverse, subrectangular; temples with cushion of hairs. moderately long, strongly receding; toruli separated by broad gap, not connected by ca- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Spilom- rina; head in lateral view with antennal shelf icrus is a large polytypic genus; in the past, not developed; level of torulus in middle of several marginal species groups were given eye; eye ovate, with ommatidia relatively generic rank, especially in the Neotropic re- large; oral carina not developed; postgenal gion. Among the Spilomicrini, Spilomicrus cushion not developed; occipital ¯ange short, differs from Pentapria by bifoveate anterior sharply de®ned, weakly crenulate; head in scutellar pit, entire (not notched) anterior frontal view with short face; mandible margin of syntergite, and lack of deep lon- strong, bidentate, with upper tooth slightly gitudinal groove on side of pronotum. From longer; clypeus moderately convex, wider Entomacis it differs also by the bifoveate an- than high; tentorial pit large; labrum broadly terior scutellar pit, furthermore by the ratio exposed; malar sulcus developed; cheek not of the marginal versus the stigmal veins and striate; head in ventral view with hypostomal the strong development of the antennal shelf bridge not developed; palpi long and slender, connecting the toruli. From Paramesius it palpal formula 5±2; antennal formula 14±14; differs by the shorter marginal vein and rel- A1 long and slender with rim only slightly atively short, nonconical shape of female api- emarginate ventrally, A1 distinctly longer cal sternite. than A3 (&(), female antenna without clava, DISTRIBUTION: In the New World there are segments almost beadlike, not ¯attened ven- a large number of species occurring from trally, A14 only slightly longer than A13; Canada to Chile, with maximum diversity at- male antenna ®liform, with dense semierect tained in both lowland and high elevations of hairs; A4 only slightly bent, with sharp lon- the New World tropics. Masner (1991) keyed gitudinal carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma 21 species in the Nearctic region. generally short, usually as high as wide, BIOLOGY: The ground plan biology is pri- moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in mary parasitism (both solitary and gregari- dorsal view with rounded shoulders; side of ous) of various Diptera; a few species were pronotum without hairy cushion, with no reared from Coleoptera. There are no spe- epomium and with some crenulae or rugu- 60 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 losity above forecoxa (along posterior mar- erably compressed; base of S2 distinctly gin); mesoscutum moderately convex; par- ¯exed, with no lateral keels. apsidal and anterior parallel lines absent or RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Xenis- weakly de®ned; notaulus complete, slightly marus is one of the most plesiomorphic gen- dilated posteriorly, noncrenulate; humeral era of Spilomicrini as exempli®ed by its an- and suprahumeral sulci narrow but deeply tennal formula (14±14). It is related to more impressed, noncrenulate; anterior scutellar plesiomorphic species of Entomacis (e.g., in pit large, transverse oval, with distinct lon- Chile), and also to Poecilopsilus and Dod- gitudinal ridges on bottom, median septum dius, especially in the structure of toruli and often developed; scutellar disc subquadrate, shape of rim on A1. Xenismarus differs from posterolateral corners sometimes slightly all genera above by the antennal formula, pointed or ridged; lateral keels developed or furthermore, from Poecilopsilus by the re- absent; lateral scutellar pits absent; posterior duced armature of the dorsellum, from Dod- scutellar pits well developed; posterior mar- dius by the nonstriate cheek, and from En- gin of axilla rounded; axillar depression tomacis by the broadly exposed labrum and large, deep, usually with rough sculpture, al- conically pointed metasoma in the female. most glabrous; mesopleuron moderately con- DISTRIBUTION: We examined specimens of vex, with only very shallow median oblique Xenismarus from the Valdivian forest of depression, posterior margin with incomplete Chile and Argentina; one undescribed spe- chain of crenulae or ridges; epicnemial pit cies is known to us from the Juan Fernandez strongly developed, often with rough sculp- Islands (Chile). ture or ridges; sternaulus not developed; me- BIOLOGY: Unknown. tanotum relatively broad, dorsellum with three minute keels; metapleuron deeply ex- TRIBE DIAPRIINI ASHMEAD 1893 cavate, rugulose to rugose with abundant pi- DIAGNOSIS Predominantly small to medi- losity; propodeum in dorsal view short, ru- um-sized individuals, less frequently large gose, usually hairy, median keel weakly de- individuals; body predominantly black or veloped, plica absent, posterolateral corners dark brown, sometimes lighter, orange to yel- of propodeum moderately projecting, poste- low, smooth and shining, hairy cushions and rior margin of propodeum ridgelike; nucha foamy structures usually well developed; short; forewing rounded apically, costa hya- postgenal cushion predominantly well devel- line, submarginal vein distinctly remote from oped; epistomal sulcus and tentorial pit not foremargin, hence costal cell relatively developed, labrum not exposed; malar sulcus broad, marginal vein attaining about half very rarely developed; mandibles generally wing length, distinctly elongate, subequal in bidentate and clasped, rarely tridentate or length to perpendicular stigmal vein, post- modi®ed and more or less projecting; man- marginal vein rudimentary, basal vein tra- dibular condyle with only moderate rim; hy- cheate or nebulous, at most slightly arcuate, postomal bridge present; ground plan of an- joining submarginal vein at acute angle, me- tennal formula 12±14, rarely antennal for- dial cubital and Rs veins at most nebulous; mula 13±14 or 11±14, female clava usually hind wing with strong tracheate submarginal well developed, nonabrupt, rarely abrupt, 3± vein, and nebulous basal vein; legs moder- 4-segmented, male antenna polytypic, anten- ately strong, anterior constricted part of fem- nomeres usually elongate, often verticillate, ora shorter than posterior clavate part. ME- with long bristles arranged in whorls, rarely TASOMA. Petiole slightly elongate, cylin- antennomeres penicillate to quadrate; pron- drical, with ®ne longitudinal rugulosity or otum in dorsal view usually moderately de- keels, with only scattered pilosity; in lateral veloped, pronotal shoulders rarely projecting, view, anterior face of petiole remarkably pronotum and propleuron usually with hairy backward slanting; anterior margin of syn- cushion or foamy structures; mesoscutum tergite slightly ¯exed, with deep median slit, slightly to strongly convex, often almost ¯at, apex of female metasoma distinctly conical, notaulus and humeral sulcus never devel- pointed, apical sternite moderately to consid- oped, admedian and parapsidal lines rarely 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 61 present; anterior scutellar pit single, very the subfamily Diapriinae. Diapriini is the rarely subdivided into two or often pit ab- only tribe that includes all true symphilic sent, axillar, lateral and posterior scutellar genera, some of them considerably adapted pits always absent, scutellar disc usually morphologically to life with ants; these ad- slightly convex to ¯at, often with median aptations include far-reaching mimicry with keel or armed with spine; epicnemial pit ab- the host ants including the type of sculpture, sent, sternaulus usually not developed, rarely pilosity, color, behavior, and biology. The bi- at most rudimentary, never complete; metas- ological ground plan is primary parasitism ternum often with foamy structures; propo- (solitary or gregarious) of various Diptera; deum usually with distinct median keel and several species were reared from coleopter- plicae, rarely keel produced into long sharp ous hosts, members associated with ants are spine, or modi®ed, or keel reduced or absent, known or assumed to parasitize ant larvae; plical area usually less pubescent to almost some species are aquatic. glabrous, but not smooth; forewing usually surpassing tip of metasoma, often wing Acanthopria Ashmead shortened to absent, venation relatively re- Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 duced, submarginal vein usually relatively short, approximated to foremargin of wing, Acanthopria Ashmead, 1895: 742±821. Adelioneiva Fischer, 1940: 397±401. NEW SYNON- costal vein absent, costal cell rather narrow YMY. to almost indistinct; basal vein usually not developed, but often indicated by short per- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized pendicular vein, or infuscate transverse band individuals (1.5 to 3.5 mm); body color var- below marginal vein; metasoma past petiole iable, from dark brown to typically light col- usually subglobular or slightly elongate, of- ored, light brown, yellow, orange or ferru- ten sharply conical apically in female; T2 gineous, smooth and shining, very rarely and T3 fused in large syntergite; S2 antero- with areas of ®ne coriaceous sculpture, in laterally with at most patches of pilosity but few species head and mesosoma matte and no deep depressions (hairy depressions pre- ®nely coriaceous, in one species almost en- sent in several genera), specialized spot de- tire body sculptured; body predominantly veloped in most symphilic genera, apical glabrous, usually with sparse semierect hairs sternite in female typically pointed. dorsally, rarely hairs transformed into strong, REMARKS: The tribe Diapriini is interpreted appressed whitish setae; foamy structures al- here in the classical sense. At present, we most always on propleuron, metasternum, classify 33 genera, represented in the New axillar depressions, sides of petiole, and of- World: Acanthopria Ashmead; Apopria, new ten also on anterior side of pronotum; fore- genus; Asolenopsia Kieffer; Auxopaedeutes tibia without dorsal spine; female clava non- Brues; Avoca, new genus; Basalys West- abrupt, with at least ®ve segments, clava of- wood; Bruesopria Wing; Cruzium, new ge- ten spindlelike, usually widest near middle, nus; Diapria Latreille Doliopria Kieffer; Eci- not broadened toward apex, with apical seg- tovagus Masner; Eladio, new genus; Han- ment subequal in size to or even smaller than sona, new genus; Labidopria Wasmann; Leu- foregoing clavomeres; male antenna with A3 copria, new genus; Megaplastopria and A4 almost fused; stigmal vein in fore- Ashmead; Mimopria Holmgren; Mimopriel- wing relatively well developed; female me- la, new genus; Mitropria Ogloblin; Monelata tasoma past petiole rather short, subglobular, Foerster; Myrmecopria Ashmead; Neivapria highly convex, with ®ne point only but never Borgmeier; Notoxoides Ashmead; Omopria, conical apically. new genus; Philolestoides FerrieÁre; Platym- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head globular, iscus Westwood; Psychopria, new genus; hypognathous, with frons unarmed; antennal Szelenyiopria Fabritius; Szelenyisca Masner; shelf moderate; level of toruli generally in Townesella Huggert and Masner; Trichopria middle of eye, rarely upper or lower middle Ashmead; Turripria, new genus; and Xan- of eye; face as wide as high, in lateral view thopria Brues. This is probably the most spe- convex, with upper half often ¯at; eye rela- ciose, diverse, and most apomorphic tribe of tively large, eye height larger than half of 62 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 head height, rarely smaller than half head usually strongly produced and pointed ante- height, eye ovoid, higher than wide, posterior riorly, point or spine facing backward, pro- orbit of eye often slightly sinuate, rarely podeal keel rarely almost spatulate; propo- straight; ommatidia often large and highly deal plicae well developed; wings always convex, in some species subequal in size to present, in some species relatively short and ocellus; mandible bidentate, normally equi- broad, racket-shaped, microtrichia usually dentate; palpal formula 5±2; oral carina well abundant, sometimes strongly reduced to al- developed; postgenal cushion not developed, most absent, wings generally clear without postgena rarely with small cushion of dense darker spots or bands, in some species and appressed pubescence or also sometimes bronze infuscate and highly glassy; submar- with long large sparse hairs; female antenna ginal vein moderately to distinctly curved up generally spindlelike, normally 12-segment- toward marginal vein and running strongly ed, very rarely 11-segmented, shape highly approximated to anterior margin of wing; polytypic, clava when present, with ®ve or stigmal vein relatively well developed; basal more segments, often incrassate near middle, vein not developed or rarely indicated by del- clavomeres cylindrical elongate, rectangular icate infuscation below stigmal vein; legs or quadrate, often subcompact, very rarely generally slender; femora more or less cla- penicillate, not ¯attened ventrally, in some vate; apex of anterior tibia without special- species brushlike with strongly transverse ized spine dorsally; hind tibia without spe- segments covered with dense ¯attened whit- cialized brush of setae. METASOMA. Me- ish setae (®g. 3); male antenna apparently tasoma relatively short, widely overlapped with 13 segments, due to the partial fusion by wings; petiole usually elongate, cylindri- of A3 and A4; A3 and A4 sometimes with cal, often with longitudinal keels, with abun- sharp carina on outer side; A5 to A14 knot- dant pilosity and foamy structures; metasoma ted, with one whorl of bristles on each node; past petiole globular, highly convex, with A7 to A12 without special brush of bristles; only ®ne point but never conical apically in A1 (&() elongate, cylindrical, rarely incras- female, in dorsal view subcampanulate, sate medially, unarmed apically. MESOSO- smooth and glabrous, except for row of setae MA. Mesosoma relatively short and subgl- posterior of large tergite and occasionally on obular; sides of pronotum convex; pronotal subsequent tergites, with anterior margin of shoulders not developed; epomium rarely syntergite very narrow; anterior margin of S2 present; foamy structures always on propleu- with ¯exed transparent rim; special spot on ron and often on anterior sides of pronotum; S2 absent; apical sternite in female almost mesoscutum broadly semicircular and highly glabrous, relatively short, not conical. convex in lateral view; anterior scutellar pit RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Acan- always present, large, rarely with longitudi- thopria is one of the largest genera of Neo- nal grooves; scutellar disc more or less trap- tropical Diapriinae. Although only few spe- ezoidal, with lateral margins often slightly cies were described, we estimate the numbers arcuate, disc generally ¯at or slightly convex, to reach hundreds. Originally Acanthopria in sometimes with median longitudinal keel, in females was recognized on the armed scu- numerous species armed with point or spine tellum (Ashmead, 1893; Kieffer, 1916). The of various shapes; axillar depression well de- polytypic nature of Acanthopria in females veloped, posterior margin of axilla usually is exempli®ed by a number of natural species sharp, depression always with foamy struc- groups, showing great diversity of character tures, structures rarely rudimentary; meso- states. After examination of a large amount pleuron convex, higher than wide, anterior of material consisting of thousands of spec- and posterior margins running almost parallel imens (CNCI), we decided to interpret Acan- and perpendicular to body axis; metapleuron thopria in a rather broad sense. Once better and sides of propodeum pubescent, hairs studied and with its biology known, the ge- rather long and semierect, permitting obser- nus may be subdivided into several indepen- vation of propodeal sculpture, propodeum in dent genera. Adelioneiva Fischer appears to some species with short dense pubescence, us as one of those groups and we prefer to rarely completely glabrous; propodeal keel treat the genus as a junior synonym. Acan- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 63 thopria belongs to the tribe Diapriini; it is Apopria, new genus related both to the large genus Trichopria Figures 8, 9 Ashmead, from which it differs principally by unarmed foretibia, male antennomeres A3 DIAGNOSIS (&): Medium-sized individuals (2.8 mm), body ferrugineous, mesosoma and and A4 at least partly fused, and by female petiole predominantly rough rugulose, legs antenna nonabrupt and not broadened toward and antennae coriaceous with distinct pustu- apex; furthermore, most Acanthopria species lae, metasoma past petiole smooth and shin- are distinguished by light color of body com- ing; entire body with long, abundant, semi- pared with generally much darker coloration decumbent, golden hairs, hairy cushions and of Trichopria species. Acanthopria shows foamy structures absent; eye and ocelli ab- also some relationships with myrmecophilic sent; palpi atrophied, palpal formula 0±0; genera of the Diapriini such as Labidopria pronotum in dorsal view massively devel- Wasmann; Leucopria, new genus; Mimo- oped, subtruncate anteriorly, with broad shal- priella, new genus; etc. Acanthopria differs low excavation anteromedially; tegula rudi- from them by the absence of specialized spot mentary, wings absent; upper part of meso- on S2 or by normal, i.e., noncompressed tar- pleuron above median oblique line with deep si. Contrary to frequent coriaceous sculpture massive subtriangular depression; dorsellum in ecitophilus genera, almost all species of strongly developed, bluntly tonguelike, only Acanthopria known to us have smooth bod- slightly shorter than scutellum; propodeum ies. Acanthopria differs from Eladio, new very long, horizontal, median keel and plicae genus, by the absence of a specialized comb absent, propodeum and petiole seemingly of setae on hind tibia, and by nonsculptured forming 2-segmented petiole; legs unusually body. large and robust; tibial spurs atrophied, for- DISTRIBUTION: Acanthopria is largely Neo- mula 0±0±0, tarsi strongly compressed, fore tropical in distribution, with only one undes- and middle basitarsi ventrally projecting into cribed species extending to Florida and two strong spine; petiole robust, subspherical. in Texas. The greatest species diversity DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal seems to be in lowland rainforests of Central view moderately elongate, frons armed with and South America. We examined specimens three minute points; antennal shelf large, from Antilles, Mexico to Brazil, and north of weakly margined posteriorly; antennal shelf Argentina. The genus is not represented in in lateral view distinctly projecting, toruli at high elevations of tropical America (above level of middle of head; eye entirely absent; 2500 m) and does not occur in Chile. ocelli absent; oral carina minute; occipital ¯ange not clearly de®ned; mandible biden- BIOLOGY: The hosts are not known for any species. However, several observations (Fer- tate, lower tooth distinctly longer than upper tooth; clypeus moderately convex, not clear- rieÁre, 1929; Borgmeier, 1939; Mann, 1918) ly de®ned, epistomal sulcus and tentorial pit indicate close association of Acanthopria not developed; hypostomal bridge devel- species with ants (army ants, leafcutting oped; palpi atrophied, palpal formula 0±0; ants). A series of females in CNCI was col- maxillae and labium present; antenna 12-seg- lected in Costa Rica rainforest attempting to mented, nonclavate, A3 distinctly longest, enter a nest of leafcutting ants viz. Cypho- longer than A2, A7±A11 slightly transverse, myrmex sp. (Attini). Nevertheless, Acantho- A12 spherical, slightly smaller than A11, A1 pria species studied by us do not exhibit any robust, cylindrical, slightly constricted basal- advanced morphological adaptations as ly, unarmed apically. MESOSOMA. Meso- known among true myrmecophiles (e.g., soma distinctly elongate, almost boxlike, in Mimopria Holmgren; Mimopriella, new ge- lateral view from pronotum to propodeum al- nus; Notoxoides Ashmead; Philolestoides most at same level, considerably affected by FerrieÁre). Numerous light-colored species of apterism; pronotum and propodeum strongly Acanthopria are presumed to be nocturnal, as developed, mesoscutum strongly reduced, all inferred from rich material collected in light sutures well developed; pronotum in dorsal traps in lowland Brazil and Panama (CNCI). view massively developed, subtruncate an- 64 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 teriorly, with broad shallow excavation an- ed posteriorly in front of syntergite, meta- teromedially; shoulders subangularly project- soma past petiole slightly elongated highly ing; sides of pronotum with rough rugulose convex dorsally and ventrally, apex of me- sculpture; epomium not developed; mesos- tasoma shortly pointed, S2 with specialized cutum reduced, relatively small, subtriangu- spot anteromedially. lar, separated from pronotum by deep suture, TYPE SPECIES: Apopria coveri, new species slightly longer than wide, with rough rugu- (described below), by present designation. lose sculpture, without sulci or lines; transs- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Apopria cutal articulation developed; anterior scutel- is recognized on number of unique, extreme lar pit relatively large and deep, almost apomorphic states re¯ecting its close asso- smooth and shining, subtriangular, subequal ciation with the host ants: loss of eyes, ocelli, in size to scutellar disc; scutellar disc rela- palpi, wings, and tibial spurs, furthermore by tively small, pillow-shaped, convex, without development of special projections on fore longitudinal keel, with rough rugulose sculp- and mid basitarsi, presence of large deep de- ture; axilla strongly reduced, posterior mar- pression on upper mesopleuron, as well as gin of axilla rounded, axillar depression unique massive, tonguelike dorsellum. Apo- deep, irregular, without pilosity, posterior pria appears to share some character states margin of scutellum semicircular, smooth with Ecitovagus and Myrmecopria; structure and shining; tegula rudimentary, ¯at scale- of propodeum and metasoma past petiole, as like, smooth and shining; mesopleuron sub- well as type of antenna, is shared with Eci- trapezoidal, entirely with rough rugulose tovagus; shape of head, reduction of palpi sculpture, upper part of mesopleuron above and tibial spurs, pustulae on femora and A1, median oblique line with deep massive sub- are shared with Myrmecopria. The tendency triangular depression; sternaulus not devel- to reduce palpi and tibial spurs, as a mani- oped; dorsellum subhorizontal, strongly de- festation of a high degree of integration with veloped, bluntly tonguelike, rugulose, with- the host ant, has started in Myrmecopria and out keels; metapleuron relatively large, with culminates in Apopria. rough rugulose sculpture, anterodorsally with ETYMOLOGY: The pre®x apo (Greek for deep large subcircular depression, separated without) refers to loss of organs such as eyes, from propodeum by deep broad depression ocelli, palpi, and tibial spurs, the Latin word forming anterior constriction of propodeum; propodeum very long, in dorsal view elon- pria means ``a little wasp''. The gender is gate, subcampanulate, laterally (near spira- feminine. cle) with deep depression running obliquely MALE: Unknown. from posterior margin of dorsellum to base DISTRIBUTION: Two species are known to of hind coxa, forming here deep cleft, thus us from Florida. causing impression of 2-segmented petiole, BIOLOGY: Apopria coveri was originally propodeum in lateral view not sloping, hor- collected from bivouac of ecitonine ant Nei- izontal, dorsal surface of propodeum evenly vamyrmex opacithorax (Emery) (det. S. Cov- rugulose, median keel and plicae not devel- er) in the very center of the colony, deep oped, posterior margin of propodeum trun- underground, in total darkness. Judging from cate; wings entirely absent; legs unusually the loss of wings, eyes, and ocelli we assume long and robust, forefemur subclavate, me- that the life cycle and dispersal strategies of dian and hind femur cylindrical, tibia non- Apopria are entirely different from all sym- clavate, cylindrical, not projecting into spine philic genera of Diapriinae known to us in apically, tibial spur formula 0±0±0, tarsi which eyes and ocelli are developed and strongly compressed, fore and middle basi- wings primarily present (Huggert and Mas- tarsi ventrally projecting into strong spine, ner, 1983). A. coveri probably disperses un- basitarsus and following tarsomeres in fore derground with the newly budding colonies and middle legs also slightly projecting ven- of the host ant. The second species, to be trally. METASOMA. Petiole robust, slightly described later, sympatric with A. coveri, was wider than propodeum, subspherical, entirely collected in a colony of Neivamyrmex caro- rugulose like propodeum, strongly constrict- linensis (Emery) (det. M. Deyrup). 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 65

Apopria coveri, new species than mesosoma (62:36), longer than wide Figures 8, 9 (105:62). MALE: Unknown. DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2.8 TYPE MATERIAL:24&. Holotype, & (CNCI mm, body ferrugineous; sculpture on head no. 22448), USA, Florida, Citrus Co., Pine- tends to become longitudinal especially on Oak Estates, 7.9 mi NE Jct. Rt. 98 on Rt. postgena and vertex, sculpture in ocular area 488, April 1 1993, S.P. Cover 3471; dis- generally ®ner and area irregularly concave; turbed longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak woodland head length:width:height (45:39:42); head with grassy understory, bivouac under rotten slightly wider than mesosoma (39:36); A1 pine stump; with Neivamyrmex opacithorax robust, cylindrical, entirely sculptured, cori- (Emery), det. S.P. Cover 1993. Holotype aceous reticulate, with distinctive dense, mounted on point, well preserved except for darker pustulae; antennal segments in rela- left mid tibia and tarsus and tarsomeres 3±5 tive proportions (56:13), (12:10), (23:12), of hind left leg missing. Paratypes, 23&, (15:12), (13:11), (12:11), (10:12.5), (11:13), USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, (11:13.5), (11:14), (12:15), (11:13.5). ME- 29Њ34Ј30ЉN, 82Њ29Ј00ЉW, February 23 to SOSOMA. Mesosoma length:width:height May 23, 1991±1994, R. Lundgren, all asso- (100:36:36); anterolateral corners of prono- ciated with Neivamyrmex texanus Watkins tum with roughest sculpture of body, sides of (det. M. Deyrup) (CNCI, MIZA, NHM). pronotum in dorsal view narrower than width ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named in of mesoscutum (10:20); mesoscutum slightly honor of Mr. Stefan Cover (Museum of longer than wide (23:20); scutellar pit slight- Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, USA) , ly shorter than scutellar disc (8:10); tegula who collected the ®rst specimen (holotype). slightly smaller than scutellar pit; mesopleur- Mr. Cover also kindly supplied information al depression almost smooth and shining on on the biology and behavior of the host ant bottom; dorsellum slightly longer than scu- (see above). tellar disc (12:10); deep depression in an- DISTRIBUTION: Florida. terolateral dorsal part of metapleuron almost BIOLOGY: It is interesting to note that A. smooth on bottom; sculpture of propodeum coveri is associated with both Neivamyrmex denser and more granular in comparison with opacithorax and N. nigrescens. Mr. Lund- rough rugulosity of pleura and pronotum; gren (personal commun.) collected numerous propodeum dorsally with shallow, longitu- individuals in spring under logs and rocks; the wasps moved with ants in a very similar dinal, indistinct declivity medially; forebasi- manner, making their recognition rather dif- tarsus longer than tarsomeres 2±4 (25:20), ®cult for the collector. spine on basitarsus exceeding on ventral side VARIATION: The only variations in the type half length of tarsomere 2, tarsomere 2 wider series are slight differences in the body than long, distinctly produced on ventral side length. in short spine, tarsomere 3 strongly trans- verse smaller than tarsomeres 2 and 4; mid Asolenopsia Kieffer basitarsus with strong spinelike projection Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ventrally, mid tarsomere 2 with row of four little spines ventrally; hind basitarsus elon- Asolenopsia Kieffer, 1921: 36±41. gate, all tarsomeres distinctly longer than Euplacopria FerrieÁre, 1929: 157. NEW SYNONYMY. wide, without spines ventrally. METASO- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized MA. Petiole with same granular rugulosity as individuals (2 mm); body light colored, yel- in propodeum, petiole slightly wider than lowish brown to ferrugineous, predominantly posterior constricted part of propodeum (28: smooth and shining, only sparsely hairy, with 25), petiole ventrally covered with shorter few long scattered hairs, hairy cushions or dense whitish semidecumbent hairs, narrow foamy structures moderately developed; eye posterior constricted part of petiole (in front distinctly higher than long, inverted droplike of syntergite) smooth and shining; metasoma shape, with posterior orbit slightly sinuate, past petiole rather robust, distinctly wider ommatidia large and convex, raspberry-like; 66 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 frons unarmed, antennal shelf unmargined ly rugulose, partly matte, median keel strong- posteriorly; propodeum moderately long, ly developed, ridgelike, sometimes crestlike, sculpture well visible, ®nely rugulose, partly not pointed anteriorly; plica well developed; matte, median keel strongly developed, rid- posterior margin of propodeum sometimes gelike to highly crestlike, not pointed ante- produced in laminae; wings primarily devel- riorly; plicae well developed; entire synter- oped, relatively long and narrow, anterior gite with scattered long semidecumbent margin of forewing sometimes slightly wa- hairs. vering, stigmal vein relatively well devel- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal oped, sometimes strongly incrassate, almost view subglobular, frons unarmed, antennal spherical, forewing behind stigmal vein often shelf relatively small and shallow, unmargi- with transverse band of specialized zone of ned posteriorly; temple behind eye relatively strong and curved microtrichia on both sides, short, receding; torulus in level with lower wings frequently lost (alectomy or bitten half of eye; eye distinctly higher than long, off); legs long and slender, with little modi- inverted droplike shape with posterior orbit ®cation except for moderately compressed slightly sinuate, ommatidia large and convex, tarsi. METASOMA. Petiole in dorsal view raspberry-like; oral carina minute to well de- subquadrate to slightly transverse or distinct- veloped; postgena with short pegs and ap- ly elongate, cylindrical, almost smooth, with- pressed pilosity; occipital ¯ange very nar- out keels, partly covered with pilosity; me- row; mandible bidentate, lower tooth longer; tasoma past petiole moderately to distinctly hypostomal bridge well developed; palpi convex, entire syntergite usually with scat- short, papal formula appearing 5±2; female tered, long, semidecumbent hairs; specialized antenna rather short, 11±12-segmented, with spot an S2 not developed. indistinct multisegmented clava (5±8 seg- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Asolen- ments), clavomeres noncompact, with mod- opsia is presented here in the broader sense, erate gaps; male antenna appearing 13-seg- i.e., including Euplacopria as a junior syn- mented, A3 and A4 fused, A3 with two onym. Asolenopsia gibba, new species, illus- whorls of bristles, A4-A14 with one whorl trates another borderline state of characters of bristles each. MESOSOMA. Pronotum in in Asolenopsia; originally we thought it may dorsal view well developed at sides, pronotal represent an independent genus. The impor- shoulders sometimes strongly prominent, but tant synapomorphy of Asolenopsia is the pronotum behind shoulders almost abruptly shape of the eye, which is somewhat inverted ¯exed, anterior margin of pronotum with and droplike, with the posterior orbit slightly hairy cushions, propleuron with foamy struc- sinuate, and with the ommatidia large and tures and dense short pilosity; mesoscutum raspberry-like. The differences in number of about as long as wide, moderately convex, antennomeres as well as the armature of the parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not de- propodeum appear to blend gradually in larg- veloped; anterior scutellar pit rather large, er material already at hand (CNCI). transverse, shorter than scutellar disc; scutel- DISTRIBUTION: Tropical lowlands of Cen- lar disc subcircular to subquadrate, only tral and South America. moderately convex, only rarely elevated, me- BIOLOGY: Members of Asolenopsia are dian keel not developed, lateral keels re- moderately to highly specialized associates markably sharp, sometimes elevated; poste- of ecitonine ants (Neivamyrmex, Labidus, rior margin of axilla sharp, axillar depression Eciton) (LoiaÂcono, 1981). Their wings are deeply excavate, with foamy structures; me- primarily developed but subsequently bitten sopleuron relatively ¯at or with 2 convexi- off by ants or cast off spontaneously (alec- ties, oblique median line weakly indicated; tomy). Winged adults are also collected in dorsellum well developed, at least lateral light traps. keels sharp; metapleuron rather matte, ®nely rugulose with more abundant pilosity; me- Asolenopsia gibba, new species tasternum with foamy structures and no fur- Figures 10, 12 ca; propodeum moderately long, with only DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2 mm; scattered pilosity, sculpture well visible, ®ne- body entirely ferrugineous-brown, antennae 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 67 and legs slightly lighter, metasoma past pet- ly, A3 with two whorls of bristles, A4-A14 iole darker; forewing almost clear, with slight with one whorl of long bristles, A4 not mod- yellowish tinge, especially in area of basal ify, without spine or carina. and median veins; parts of body with ®ne to TYPE MATERIAL:7&,1(. Holotype, & rough granular microsculpture as follows: (CNCI no. 22449), COSTA RICA, Heredia, posteromedian part of occiput, frons along Pto. Viejo, 50 m rainforest, February 1980, inner orbit and below toruli, ventral side of W. Mason. Allotype, 1( (CNCI), PANA- scapus, pronotal shoulders dorsally, margins MA, Bocas del Toro, Rio La Gloria, 8 km of anterior scutellar pit, most of scutellar W. Rambala, 8Њ59Ј4ЉN±82Њ13Ј57ЉW, 35 m, disc, metanotum, dorsellum, posteroventral January 8, 2001, sweeping, trail in rainforest, corner of mesopleuron, entire metapleuron, J.L.GarcõÂa. Paratypes (CNCI, MIUP, MIZA): entire propodeum and petiole, all coxae, ®ner 1&, COSTA RICA, Heredia, Braulio Carillo granulation on A1, all femora and tibiae; side National Park, 400±500 m, April 11, 1985, of pronotum medially with horizontally run- trail in rainforest, L. Masner s.s. (metasoma ning ®ne rugulosities; remaining parts of and petiole glued aside); 1&, Limon, Hitoy body smooth and shining; body pilosity light Cerere Biological Reserve, 100 m, January yellow. HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly 14±18, 1991, J.S. Noyes: 1&, Guanacaste wider than long (48:44); head in lateral view GCA, Est. Pitilla, 750 m, February 27, 1996, distinctly higher than long (52:44); temple, MT & YPT, J. Noyes: 1&, PANAMA, Bocas opposite to pronotal shoulder, deeply exca- del Toro, P.N. La Amistad, Wekso-Teribe, 50 vate; eye distinctly higher than long (30:19); m, October 17±24, 1999, YPT, A. Santos; posterior orbit slightly sinuate; eye distinctly 2&, same as allotype. larger than malar space (30:10); female an- ETYMOLOGY: Gibba (Latin) in reference to tenna with 12 segments, antennal segments humped shape of the scutellum. The gender in relative proportions (55:11), (10:8), (15: is feminine. 7), (14:9), (12:10), (11:11), (7:11), (9:12), (9: DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, Panama. 12), (10:12), (11:12), (18:12). MESOSOMA. BIOLOGY: Unknown. Mesosoma in relative proportions length/ VARIATION: Very little variation was en- width/height (87:56:65); vertical part of countered in seven females studied. pronotal shoulders with dense brush of yel- lowish pilosity; mesoscutum slightly longer Auxopaedeutes Brues than wide (41:39); anterior scutellar pit sub- Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 circular, slightly shorter than length of scu- tellar disc; scutellar disc highly elevated, Auxopaedeutes Brues, 1903: 119±128. Cracinopria Fouts, 1924: 159±166. Synonymized humped dorsal surface slightly concave; pro- by Masner, 1964a: 123±155. podeal keel bluntly projecting anteriorly, in lateral view enclosing hole formed from op- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small-sized individuals posite side by longitudinal keels of dorsel- (about 1 mm), body light to dark brown, lum; venation in forewing not exceeding bas- smooth and highly shining, with ®ne scat- al third of wing length (80:220). METASO- tered pubescence, sometimes predominantly MA. Petiole slightly wider than long (17:15); glabrous; hairy cushions present, foamy anterior margin of syntergite as wide as structures absent (Nearctic) or present (An- petiole (17:17), posterior part of syntergite tilles); oral carina absent; palpi extremely without micropunctures; cercus in large sub- short and minute, palpal formula appearing circular depression. 2±1; female A4±A9 transverse or beadlike; MALE: Allotype. Very dissimilar to fe- A1 moderately to strongly compressed, usu- male; generally much darker, granular mi- ally slightly wider basally than apically; pro- crosculpture reduced only to pronotal shoul- podeum rather short and broad, deeply U- ders; temple opposite to pronotal shoulder shaped excavate medially, excavation reach- not excavate; scutellar disc less humped; an- ing almost to posterior margin of dorsellum, tenna generally similar to males of Acantho- leaving no median keel, sides of propodeum pria, apparently 13-segmented, A3 partly projecting posteriorly; submarginal vein rel- fused with A4, A4 to A14 stalked proximal- atively short, not exceeding basal quarter of 68 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 wing length; metasoma past petiole relatively developed, sides of propodeum usually pro- large and massive in females, with anterior jecting posteriorly; wings primarily present margin remarkably broad, distinctly wider and clear, basal vein not indicated, submar- than petiole; S2 anterolaterally with two ginal vein relatively short, not exceeding bas- hairy depressions. al quarter of wing length, submarginal vein DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal slightly upcurved; wings sometimes rudi- view globular, frons unarmed, antennal shelf mentary or absent (bitten off by ant host); sometimes very large and deep, not margined legs relatively short and stout especially in posteriorly; head in lateral view with anten- female, foretibia with strong dorsal spine. nal shelf moderately projecting, torulus in METASOMA. Petiole broadly transverse, middle to upper level of eye; eye subcircular, densely hairy, in lateral view not projecting distinctly smaller in females than males, pos- above syntergite; metasoma past petiole rel- terior orbit of eye rounded; ommatidia small atively large and massive in females, with and ¯at, not raspberry-like; oral carina ab- anterior margin remarkably broad, distinctly sent; postgenal cushion relatively small or wider than petiole, with anterolateral corners absent; occipital ¯ange minute; hypostomal subrectangular, syntergite in lateral view only bridge well developed; mandible bidentate; slightly convex, sometimes deeply excavate palpi extremely short and minute, palpal for- anteromedially, glabrous or with scattered pi- mula appearing 2±1; female antenna 12-seg- losity; apex of female metasoma rather ob- mented, generally short and stout, clava sem- tuse; S2 anterolaterally with two hairy de- iabrupt to abrupt, 2±4-segmented, A4±A9 pressions. transverse or penicillate, A2 subrectangular RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Auxo- in dorsal view, A12 without pit ventrally; A1 paedeutes is interpreted here as a specialized (&() moderately to strongly compressed, not lineage of Trichopria from which it differs armed apically, usually slightly wider basally principally by highly modi®ed propodeum. than apically; male antenna 14-segmented, Auxopaedeutes differs from Bruesopria by rather short, A5±A14 beadlike with random the lack of constriction between the metatho- long bristles, A3 and A4 large, sexually mod- rax and the propodeum, also by having the i®ed, A4 deeply emarginate with sharp cari- metapleuron entirely covered with dense pi- na; special brushes not developed. MESO- losity and by the two hairy pits anterolater- SOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view moderately ally on S2. to strongly developed; pronotal shoulders DISTRIBUTION: Six species were described prominent in some species; side of pronotum from the Nearctic region; one undescribed slightly convex, epomium not developed; species is known to us from Mexico (Ta- pronotal cushion strong, moderate or absent; maulipas) and one from Antilles (Hispanio- mesoscutum as long as wide, only slightly la), the latter classi®ed in Auxopaedeutes convex or ¯at, parapsidal lines, anterior par- with doubts. allel lines and humeral sulci absent; anterior BIOLOGY: Two Nearctic species were col- scutellar pit of various shapes, usually shal- lected from nests of the ant genus Solenopsis. low, smaller than scutellar disc; scutellar disc Wings are occasionally clipped off by ants. pillow-shaped, at most with moderate longi- Curiously enough, we studied an undescribed tudinal keel, lateral keels moderately devel- Nearctic species (USNM) that was reared oped; posterior margin of axilla almost from a tachinid, a primary parasitoid of di- rounded, axillar depression very small, rarely prionine saw¯ies (Symphyta). Fouts (1924) with foamy structures; mesopleuron rather reported some species found in wheat. ¯at, submedian oblique line very weak or ab- sent; sternaulus not developed; dorsellum Avoca, new genus weakly developed; metapleuron entirely cov- Figure 20 ered with appressed ®ne pilosity; propodeum strongly modi®ed, rather short and broad, DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized (around 2 deeply U-shaped excavate medially, excava- mm) individuals; body color dark brown to tion reaching almost to posterior margin of almost black; body remarkably glabrous, dorsellum leaving no median keel, plica not with only scattered short hairs, in contrast 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 69 with massive hairy cushions or areas of un- lateral and posterior scutellar pits not devel- usually dense pilosity; foamy structures not oped; axilla narrowly subrectangular, with developed; female antenna 12-segmented, sharp posterior margin; axillar depression without clava, A4±A11 almost beadlike, uni- large, deep, ®lled with long, dense pilosity; form, not ¯attened ventrally, A12 without mesopleuron moderately convex, smooth, specialized ventral pit; male antenna 14-seg- shining, almost glabrous, with median mented, A4 with strong spine, A5-A13 bead- oblique depression rudimentary; epistomal like, only slightly longer than wide, with pit absent; sternaulus not developed; poste- dense scattered bristles; postgena with hairy rior margin of mesopleuron noncrenulate; cushion; pronotum dorsally and along ante- metanotum, especially dorsellum, with long, rior margin and entire propleuron with mas- dense light-colored pilosity, dorsellar keels sive hairy cushion; scutellar disc distinctly obscured by pilosity; metapleuron covered concave, with lateral keels raised; axillar de- with long, dense light-colored pilosity; pro- pression large, deep, ®lled with long dense podeum moderately large, with long, dense pilosity; metanotum, especially dorsellum, light-colored pilosity dorsally; median keel metapleuron and propodeum with long, moderately developed, not pointed and not dense light-colored pilosity dorsally; anterior cresting anteriorly; plica not developed; pos- margin of syntergite not notched or emargin- terior margin of propodeum not rimlike, pos- ate medially. terolateral corners not projecting; nucha short DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal and glabrous; forewing relatively large, with view subglobular with antennal shelf and to- moderately long marginal cilia; submarginal ruli moderately projecting, antennal shelf be- vein strongly approximated to foremargin of tween toruli continuous, not emarginate; wing; venation not exceeding basal forth of frons unarmed; temples relatively large, wing length, marginal vein short, stigmal rounded; head in lateral view about as long vein as long as marginal vein; no other vein as high; level of toruli in middle of eye; eye present; submarginal vein in hind wing in- ovoid, relatively large; posterior orbit of eye complete; legs generally long and slender; not sinuate; ommatidia only moderately femora strongly, tibiae moderately clavate large, nonconvex; oral carina only moderate- distally; apex of femora without ¯aps; dorsal ly projecting anteriorly; postgenal cushion apex of foretibia shortly pointed, not pro- strongly developed; occipital ¯ange, minute, not steplike; head in frontal view with clyp- duced in spike; tarsi not compressed. ME- eus broad; epistomal sulcus replaced by TASOMA. Petiole moderately elongate, with slight depression; tentorial pits rudimentary; irregular keels mostly covered by dense pi- malar sulcus not developed; mandible short, losity on all sides; anterior margin of synter- clasped, bidentate, lower tooth distinctly lon- gite only slightly wider than petiole, distinct- ger; palpal formula 5±2; head in ventral view ly elevated above level of petiole, not with hypostomal bridge present; female an- notched or emarginate medially; syntergite tenna 12-segmented, without clava, A4±A11 glabrous, with only few scattered erect hairs almost beadlike, uniform, not ¯attened ven- laterally; apical tergite small, almost vertical, trally, A12 without specialized ventral pit; not pointed; apical sternite short, broadly male antenna. MESOSOMA. Pronotum dor- vomeriform, not conical apically. sally completely covered by massive hairy TYPE SPECIES: Avoca collaris, new species cushion; side of pronotum moderately con- (described below), by present designation. vex, anterior margin with massive hairy RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Avoca is cushion; epomium not developed; propleuron unique among all members of the Diapriini with massive hairy cushion; mesoscutum because of the apomorphic character states of moderately convex with few scattered semi- the scutellar disc, pilosity of the axillar de- erect hairs, with no sulci, lines, or depres- pression, metanotum, and propodeum. The sions; anterior scutellar pit suboval, deep, nonclavate beadlike female antenna and the without median keel; scutellar disc distinctly absence of a specialized spike on dorsal apex concave, with lateral keels raised, slightly of foretibia will distinguish Avoca from such sinuate and converging posteriorly, axillar, genera as Diapria and Trichopria. 70 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

ETYMOLOGY: Avoca is an euphonic ana- TYPE MATERIAL:13&. Holotype, & (CNCI gram; the gender is feminine. no. 22450), USA, FL, Alachua Co., Gaines- DISTRIBUTION: Avoca collaris (described ville (American Entomological Institute), below) is recorded from several localities in September 15±October 27, 1987, BRC Hy- Florida and one in Georgia; additional spec- menoptera Team, FIT in regrown oak forest. imens representing individuals from margin- Paratypes: 2&, same data as holotype; 1&, al populations or closely related species are February 23±June 2, 1988, D.B. Wahl; 2&, known to us from Mexico (Chiapas), Antilles April 1991, D.B. Wahl, MT; 1&, June±July, (Jamaica), Central America (Costa Rica), and 1987, FIT; 2&, July 14±24, 1987; 1&, July South America (Ecuador). 15±August 2, 1987, FIT; 1&, September 21± BIOLOGY: Host unknown. November 18, 1987, FIT; 1&, Jackson Co., Florida Cave State Park, June 9±July 11, Avoca collaris, new species 1981, S. & B. Peck, FIT; 1&, GA; McIntosh Figure 20 Co., Sapelo Is., June 1987, BRC Hymenop- tera team, live oak forest, FIT. DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2 mm; ETYMOLOGY: Collaris (Latin) in reference body predominantly dark chestnut brown, to the massive hairy collar on pronotum. legs including coxae, A1 yellowish brown, MALE: Unknown. A2±A12 slightly darker, raised lateral keel of DISTRIBUTION: USA (Florida, Georgia). scutellar disc semitransparent, light brown; BIOLOGY: Host unknown. The ¯ight period wings almost clear with slight yellowish in Florida and Georgia is from February to tinge in anterior quarter. HEAD. Head in dor- November; obviously the species has several sal view slightly wider than long (45:37), generations per year. slightly narrower than mesosoma (45:49); VARIATION: The only variability encoun- eye as long as temple (15:15), temple strong- tered is in body color; several paratypes are ly receding; space between toruli subequal to slightly darker than the holotype. half of torular diameter; antennal shelf be- tween toruli entire, not emarginate; head in Basalys Westwood lateral view slightly higher than long (40:37); Figures 21, 22 eye ovoid, higher than long (23:17), longer Basalys Westwood, 1832: 342±344. than postgena (17:12), distinctly larger than Ceratopria Ashmead, 1893: 407, 42. Synony- malar space (23:7); antennomeres in relative mized by Masner, 1964b: 85. proportions (27:7), (9:5.5), (13:5), (10:6), (9: Acidopria Kieffer, 1913: 442. Synonymized by 6), (9:7), (9:7), (9:7), (8:7), (8:7), (8:7), (11: Masner, 1964b: 85. 6); A3±A12 with dense scattered hairs, Loxotropa auct. nec Foerster. length of hairs not exceeding width of seg- Nesopria Muesebeck and Walkley, 1956: 319± ments. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in dorsal 419. Synonymized in Krombein et al., 1979: view longer than wide (77:49); cervix of 1144. pronotum almost glabrous with ®ne rugulose DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized sculpture; mesoscutum distinctly wider than individuals (1±3.5 mm); body color from long (43:30), moderately convex, distinctly yellow to black, predominantly brown, declivous posterolaterally (near tegula), al- smooth and shining, head and mesosoma most glabrous with only one pair of bristles with long scattered hairs, hairy cushions de- in anterior half; scutellar pit slightly shorter veloped, foamy structures absent; antennal than scutellar disc (9:13). METASOMA. Pet- shelf usually distinctly prominent in both lat- iole moderately longer than wide (20:14); eral and dorsal views; clypeus generally con- metasoma past petiole moderately elongate vex, sometimes almost keel-like; female an- (74:46); syntergite glabrous, with only three tennal clava strongly abrupt, 3- or 4-seg- or four long bristles situated on sides in an- mented; forewing with submarginal vein terior half, entire syntergite without micro- moderately remote from foremargin of wing, punctures; S3±S6 with scattered setigerous venation distinctly surpassing basal third of punctures. wing length, stigmal vein often moderately MALE: Unknown. developed, basal vein always present, 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 71 straight, fully pigmented, perpendicular to oped; posterior margin of axilla ®nely round- but never contiguous with submarginal vein, ed, axillar depression large, usually hairy; positioned well before marginal vein. mesopleuron almost ¯at, oblique median line DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal weak or absent; epicnemial pit not devel- view generally subangular to globose, some- oped; sternaulus absent; dorsellum usually times elongate or slightly transverse; frons densely hairy, with three keels; metapleuron usually unarmed, sometimes with median rugulose, generally hairy; propodeum rela- sharp point or with two points anterolateral- tively short, with strong median keel and ly, or rarely with ledges and rugulose sculp- well de®ned plica, area between plica and ture; antennal shelf usually prominent ante- keel predominantly glabrous and smooth; riorly, not margined posteriorly, in lateral forewing with submarginal vein remote from view usually distinctly prominent; toruli usu- foremargin of wing by at least its width, ve- ally in level of lower eye; eye generally sub- nation distinctly surpassing basal third of circular; posterior orbit of eye not sinuate; wing length, stigmal vein often moderately ommatidia moderately sized, not highly con- developed, basal vein always present, vex; oral carina well developed; postgenal straight, fully pigmented, perpendicular to cushion usually strongly developed; occipital but never contiguous with submarginal vein, ¯ange moderate; mandible generally biden- positioned before marginal vein; hind wing tate, normally clasped, sometimes strongly with submarginal vein incomplete; wings of- projecting, beaklike or almost opisthogna- ten shortened in both sexes; legs slender, thous; clypeus generally convex, sometimes with femora and tibia clavate, tarsi not com- almost keel-like; epistomal sulcus sometimes pressed, foretibia without dorsal spine api- well developed; malar sulcus not developed; cally. METASOMA. Petiole cylindrical, rel- mandibular condyle often convex; hyposto- atively short, usually densely hairy, rarely mal bridge well developed; palpal formula with specialized dense pilosity, or petiole 5±2; female antenna 12-segmented, clava dorsally partly glabrous, with longitudinal strongly abrupt, 3- or 4-segmented, clavo- keels; metasoma past petiole moderately meres distinctly ¯attened ventrally, A12 sub- elongate, syntergite only slightly convex to equal to A11, A12 never with special pit ven- almost ¯attened dorsally, generally glabrous trally; articulation between A9, A10, and but often with narrow strip of ®ne pilosity on A11 in extreme dorsal part; A1 in both sexes anterior margin of syntergite, anterior margin cylindrical, usually unarmed apically, rarely of syntergite straight, not excised medially; with sharp apical rim; male antenna 14-seg- S2 with two hairy depressions and generally mented, A2 subspherical, A5±A14 usually dense pilosity anteriorly; female metasoma elongate, with dense scattered hairs, A4 dis- moderately pointed apically but not conical. tinctly sexually modi®ed, usually emargin- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Basalys, ate, with longitudinal keel, A3 usually sub- as presently interpreted, comprises several equal to or shorter than A4; specialized former genera (see synonymies above). We brushes rarely present on A8±A10. MESO- recognize Basalys primarily on the unique SOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view moderately venation of the forewing, especially the po- developed; pronotal shoulders not developed, sition and the shape of the basal vein. An- epomium absent; pronotal cushion strongly tennal clava in the female is also diagnostic developed; propleuron densely hairy; mesos- for the genus, 3- or 4-segmented and strongly cutum as long as wide, only slightly convex abrupt. Basalys is closest to Doliopria; the or ¯at, often with shallow (nonimpressed) two genera can be conveniently distinguished declivities in anterior notaular region, sulci by the presence (Basalys) or absence (Dolio- and lines not developed; anterior scutellar pit pria) of the basal vein in the forewing, as generally transverse-subrectangular or sub- well as by the form of antennal clava in the circular, rarely almost bifoveate, or pit not female. developed; scutellar disc subquadrate, pre- DISTRIBUTION: Basalys is well represented dominantly ¯at, rarely with ®ne median keel, in both North and South America (rarely in lateral keels of disc sometimes strongly de- Chile); the vast majority of species remain veloped, lateral scutellar pits rarely devel- undescribed. 72 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

BIOLOGY: Several species were reared not developed in male ¯agellum. MESO- from various dipterous hosts (Notton, 1991; SOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view well de- Simmonds, 1953) and some were collected veloped; pronotal shoulders not developed; in ant nests. side of pronotum slightly convex, epomium not developed; pronotal cushion minute; pro- Bruesopria Wing pleuron densely hairy; mesoscutum as long Figures 25, 26 as wide, almost ¯attened, covered with scat- tered ®ne semierect hairs; anterior parallel Bruesopria Wing, 1951: 195±210. lines and humeral sulci absent; anterior scu- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small-sized individuals tellar pit relatively large, rather shallow, sub- (about 1 mm); female body light brown, rectangular, without longitudinal keels, males darker, smooth and highly shining, smaller than scutellar disc; scutellar disc pil- with ®ne scattered pubescence, hairy cush- low-shaped, subcircular, lateral keels weakly ions developed, foamy structures absent; pal- developed; posterior margin of axilla almost pi extremely short and minute, palpal for- rounded, axillar depression small, with ®ne mula appearing 2±1; female antenna with pilosity; mesopleuron rather ¯at, submedian abrupt 3-segmented clava; metapleuron pre- oblique line indicated by transparent darker dominantly glabrous, deeply excavate and al- line; sternaulus not developed; dorsellum most smooth anteriorly, rugulose and strong- weakly developed, keels indistinct; meta- ly produced above hind coxae; propodeum in pleuron predominantly glabrous, deeply ex- dorsal view separated from metathorax by cavate and almost smooth anteriorly, rugu- strong constriction; petiole strongly modi- lose and strongly produced above hind cox- ®ed, remarkably higher than long, ®ngerlike ae; propodeum in dorsal view separated from produced dorsally above anterior margin of metathorax by strong constriction (i.e., ex- syntergite; metasoma past petiole relatively cavate anterior part of metapleuron), poste- large and massive in females, anterior margin rior margin of propodeum with deep semi- remarkably broad, distinctly wider than pet- circular excavation, median keel of propo- iole, with anterolateral corners subangular, deum rudimentary, posterolateral corner of entire syntergite with dense semierect pale propodeum angularly projecting; wings pri- hairs. marily present, clear, basal vein not indicat- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal ed, submarginal vein relatively short, not ex- view globular, frons unarmed, antennal shelf ceeding basal quarter of wing length; legs remarkably small, not margined posteriorly; relatively short and stout, especially in fe- head in lateral view with antennal shelf only male, mid tibiae slightly sinuate; tarsi short, moderately projecting, level of torulus in stout, and not compressed, tarsomere 5 en- lower half of eye; eye ovoid, subequal to ma- larged; apex of foretibia with strong dorsal lar space, distinctly smaller in females than spine. METASOMA. Petiole strongly modi- males, posterior orbit of eye rounded; om- ®ed, remarkably higher than long, ®ngerlike, matidia small and ¯at, not raspberry-like; produced dorsally above anterior margin of oral carina probably absent, covered by large syntergite, with abundant pilosity apically; postgenal cushion; occipital ¯ange minute; metasoma past petiole relatively large and face transverse, wider than high; mandible massive in females, moderately convex dor- bidentate; hypostomal bridge present; palpi sally, anterior margin remarkably broad, dis- extremely short and minute, palpal formula tinctly wider than petiole, with anterolateral appearing 2±1; female antenna 11±12-seg- corners subangular; entire syntergite with mented, generally short and stout, with dense semierect pale hairs, syntergite mod- abrupt 3-segmented clava, A11 slightly larg- erately convex; S2 without depressions an- er than A10, A4±A8 broadly transverse, A1 terolaterally, with distinctly ¯exed semicir- moderately to strongly compressed, not cular rim anteromedially, without specialized armed apically; male antenna 14-segmented, spot. rather short, A5±A14 beadlike with random RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Brueso- long bristles, A4 sexually modi®ed with pria, like Auxopaedeutes, is interpreted here sharply pointed keel apically; special brushes as a specialized lineage of Trichopria, with 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 73 morphological adaptations for subterranean head in frontal view with face broad, clypeus behavior and interaction with ants. Brueso- almost ¯at; epistomal sulcus weakly indicat- pria differs from Auxopaedeutes principally ed; labrum not exposed; malar sulcus not de- in the structure of the propodeum, which is veloped, area between lower orbit and man- strongly constricted anteriorly due to deep dibular condyle narrow; tentorial pit not de- excavation of the anterior part of the meta- veloped; mandible clasped, strong, bidentate; pleuron. Bruesopria is closely related to Pa- palpi very short, palpal formula 5±2; head in learctic genera Solenopsia Wasmann and frontal view with hypostomal bridge devel- Lepidopria Kieffer; future studies may ne- oped; antenna 12-segmented; A1 long, cylin- cessitate subsequent synonymy. drical, with apical rim not excavate ventrally, DISTRIBUTION: Two species are described rim not produced into ¯aps; A4±A9 subcir- from America north of Mexico (Wing, 1951). cular, almost beadlike; clava nonabrupt We also examined an undescribed species as- weakly 3-segmented, clavomeres not ¯at- sociated with Solenopsis sp. in Arizona; the tened ventrally, A12 without ventral pit. ME- female antenna of the latter species is 12- SOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately long, segmented. slightly wider than high, considerably ¯at- BIOLOGY: Bruesopria aberrans (Brues) tened dorsally, mesoscutum, scutellum, and was found in a nest of the ant genus Sole- propodeal keel almost at same level; protho- nopsis; the wings are frequently bitten off by rax in dorsal view with cervix strongly de- host ants. Several closely related genera of veloped; pronotal shoulders moderately Diapriini, all in the Northern Hemisphere, broad but not projecting; anterior margin of are also associated with Solenopsis ants: pronotal side with massive foamy structures, Auxopaedeutes, Solenopsia, Lepidopria, and side of pronotum moderately concave, Trichopria (part). smooth, shining and glabrous, with only few scattered long bristles along dorsal margin; Cruzium, new genus epomium not developed; spiracle on prono- Figures 35, 36 tum not spikelike; propleuron in upper part with massive foamy structures; mesoscutum DIAGNOSIS (&): Medium-sized (2.7 mm) subtrapezoidal, with few long semierect bris- robust individuals; body predominantly dark tles; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines ab- brown, some parts reddish, legs and antennae sent; humeral and posthumeral sulci not de- lighter, body smooth and highly shining, with veloped; anterior scutellar pit large but shal- only moderate pilosity, foamy structures pre- low, subrectangular, with weak median lon- sent; female antenna 12-segmented, with gitudinal keel; scutellar disc ¯at, moderate nonabrupt clava, clavomeres not subrectangular, with low lateral keels; axillar, ¯attened ventrally, A12 without ventral pit; lateral and posterior scutellar pits not devel- legs remarkably short and stout; petiole oped; posterior margin of axilla rounded; ax- large, robust, swollen vase-shaped, smooth illar depression very small and shallow, with and glabrous dorsally; apical sternite large, scattered pilosity; mesopleuron almost ¯at, with massive carpet of dense, stiff, curved, smooth, shining, glabrous; median oblique yellowish pegs. depression not developed; sternaulus not de- DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal veloped, reduced to rudiment right above view globose, frons unarmed, antennal shelf midcoxa; posterior margin of mesopleuron well developed in front of toruli; temple smooth, noncrenulate; metanotum relatively moderately long; head in lateral view about narrow; dorsellum with three short longitu- as long as high, antennal shelf distinctly pro- dinal keels, median keel weak; metapleuron jecting, level of toruli at midpoint of eye; eye densely hairy; propodeum large, relatively relatively large, subellipsoidal, with moder- long; median keel strongly developed, crest- ately large ommatidia; oral carina developed like with only minute point posteriorly; plica but partly obscured by pilosity of postgenal well developed, space between plica and me- cushion, outer margin of postgena with patch dian keel almost smooth and largely gla- of foamy structures; occipital ¯ange devel- brous; posterior margin of propodeum rim- oped, not distinctly steplike, noncrenulate; like, posterolateral corners distinctly angular; 74 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 side of propodeum densely hairy; nucha very ond species was caught in a Malaise trap in short; forewing relatively narrow, surpassing lowland rainforest in Ecuador (Sucumbios) tip of metasoma, apex round, marginal cilia (CNCI). relatively long; marginal vein not surpassing BIOLOGY: Host unknown. The highly spe- basal quarter of wing length, submarginal cialized structure of the petiole and especial- vein strongly approximated to foremargin, no ly the unique peggy brush on the apical ster- other veins developed; hind wing without nite indicate the possibility of an association tracheate submarginal vein; legs remarkably with ants. short and stout; femora strongly clavate, only twice as long as wide; apex of anterior tibia Cruzium amphorale, new species dorsally with short strong spine; middle and Figures 35, 36 hind basitarsi shortened, shorter than apical tarsomere, all claws large and strong. ME- DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2.7 TASOMA. Metasoma short pedunculate; mm; head, mesosoma and metasoma gener- petiole slightly longer than wide, large, ro- ally dark brown, with lighter reddish tint on bust, swollen vase-shaped, smooth and gla- pronotal cervix, tegulae, nuchal region, legs brous dorsally, with dense pilosity and lon- including coxae uniformly orange-yellow, gitudinal streak of foamy structures ventrally, antenna reddish brown, A8±A12 dark brown, with large patches of foamy structures pos- forewing slightly infuscate with light yellow- terolaterally; metasoma past petiole subrect- ish tinge. HEAD. Head in dorsal view slight- angular, distinctly depressed, much wider ly longer than wide (52:49); ocelli close to- than high, not pointed apically; anterior mar- gether, POL considerably shorter than OOL; gin of syntergite entire, not notched medially, antennal shelf in front of toruli sharply car- syntergite occupying almost entire surface of inate, not emarginate medially; space be- metasoma past petiole, following tergites ex- tween toruli slightly shorter than diameter of tremely narrow; T8 and T9 extremely small, torulus; head in lateral view slightly longer T9 bluntly triangular, not pointed; base of S2 than high (52:47); eye distinctly higher than anterolaterally with two large pits ®lled with long (26:21), remarkably higher than malar foamy structures and pilosity; apical sternite space (26:6), longer than postgena, (21:16); large, as long as three preceding sternites head in frontal view with face slightly con- combined, with massive carpet of dense, vex, smooth, with scattered setigerous punc- stiff, curved, yellowish pegs. tures; antennal segments in relative propor- TYPE SPECIES: Cruzium amphorale, new tions (43:9.5), (12:8), (14:8), (12:9), (11:9), species (described below), by present desig- (11:9.5), (10:10), (10:10), (10:11), (10:13), nation. (11:14), (18:14). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Cruzium in dorsal view longer than wide (110:60); differs from all genera of the tribe Diapriini mesoscutum slightly wider than long (45: in two strong apomorphies, viz. structure of 43); anterior scutellar pit shorter than scutel- the petiole and the presence of the special- lar disc medially (11:15); posterior margin of ized peggy carpet on the apical sternite. The propodeum broadly angular, invaginated me- short, strong legs are also unusual for mem- dially; femora strongly clavate, only twice as bers of this tribe. Cruzium shares with the long as wide, sharply carinate ventrally; mid Diapria complex a dorsal spine on the apex basitarsus distinctly shorter than correspond- of the foretibia. The males of Cruzium are ing tarsomere 5 (7:11). METASOMA. Peti- not known. ole large, robust, slightly longer than wide ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is in honor (45:30), swollen vase-shaped, smooth and of Mr. Eladio Cruz, formerly a resident of glabrous dorsally, with several short irregular PenÄas Blancas (Costa Rica), the type locality crenulae at anterior margin; syntergite only of C. amphorale. The gender is neuter. slightly longer than wide (77:69), almost en- MALE: Unknown. tirely glabrous; T8 with long erect scattered DISTRIBUTION: At present, Cruzium am- bristles; apical sternite with row of long erect phorale, new species is known from the rain- bristles in front of peggy cushion. forests of Costa Rica; a closely related sec- MALE: Unknown. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 75

TYPE MATERIAL:2&. Holotype, & (CNCI ate, semiabrupt, multisegmented clava (5±6 no. 22452), COSTA RICA, Alajuela, PenÄas segments), clavomeres subspherical, with Blancas, 700 m, March 1987, E. Cruz, MT, distinct gaps, clavomeres slightly higher than primary rainforest. Paratypes, 1&, same data wide, not ¯attened ventrally, A12 ventrally as holotype. with no pit; male antenna 14-segmented, ETYMOLOGY: The species name refers to long and slender, A3 to A14 strongly elon- the shape of the petiole resembling a Greek gate, subcylindrical, not knotted, with ran- vase (amphora). dom erect hairs not in whorls, A3 and A4 or DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica (rainforests on only A4 modi®ed, with longitudinal carina, the eastern slopes of the Cordillera TilaraÂn A4 always emarginate, A1 distinctly longer range). than A3; special brushes on A8±A10 or A8± BIOLOGY: Host unknown. A12. MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal VARIATION: No variation encountered in view moderately developed, pronotal shoul- the two specimens examined. ders not developed, sides of pronotum ¯at, epomium not developed, anterior margin of Diapria Latreille pronotum and propleuron with massive cush- Figure 38 ions; mesoscutum moderately convex, with scattered semierect bristles, with no sulci, Diapria Latreille, 1796: 110. lines or depressions; anterior scutellar pit Tropidopria Ashmead, 1893: 406, 407, 416. An objective junior synonym of Diapria Latreille. large and deep, often with longitudinal ridg- es; scutellar disc subrectangular, with strong DIAGNOSIS (&() : Medium-sized individ- median longitudinal keel; posterior margin of uals (2.5±3.5 mm); body predominantly dark, axilla moderately sharp, axillar depression appendages lighter, body smooth and shin- with abundant appressed micropilosity; me- ing, generally glabrous but with scattered sopleuron only slightly convex, with sub- semierect bristles and strong hairy cushions, median oblique line rudimentary; sternaulus foamy structures not developed; female an- not developed; dorsellum densely hairy, with tenna with moderate, semiabrupt, multiseg- median keel stronger than lateral keels; me- mented clava (5±6), clavomeres not ¯attened tapleuron entirely covered with semiappres- ventrally, A12 without specialized pit; male sed silvery pilosity; propodeum rather short A3±A14 strongly elongate, subcylindrical with distinct median keel raised medially, not knotted, with random erect hairs not in plica weakly developed, area between plica whorls; scutellar pit large and deep, often and keel hairy, posterior margin of propo- with longitudinal ridges; anterior margin of deum V-shaped emarginate; wings always syntergite raised, ¯exed and excised medi- present, submarginal vein in forewing almost ally; apical sternite in female vomeriform, straight, reaching basal third of wing, stigmal sharply conical. vein rudimentary, basal vein not developed; DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Globose head, submarginal vein in hind wing incomplete, frons unarmed, antennal shelf moderate, not indicated basally and apically near hamuli; margined posteriorly; temple relatively large, legs generally slender, femora strongly, tibia rounded, anterior margin of antennal shelf moderately clavate distally, tarsi not com- only moderately projecting; level of toruli in pressed, apex of foretibia with long, slender middle of eye; eye subcircular, relatively spine dorsally. METASOMA. Petiole dis- small, posterior orbit of eye not sinuate, om- tinctly elongate, cylindrical, with irregular matidia small, nonconvex; ocelli normal; oral longitudinal keels and abundant pilosity both carina strongly developed; postgenal cushion dorsally and ventrally; metasoma past petiole strongly developed; occipital ¯ange minute; moderately convex, distinctly conical apical- mandible bidentate; clypeus with deep trans- ly in female; anterior margin of syntergite verse sulcus above anterior margin, episto- raised, ¯exed, and excised medially; S2 ba- mal sulcus not developed, malar sulcus not sally with dense pilosity, specialized spot on developed, tentorial pits absent; hypostomal S2 not developed, apical sternite in female bridge well developed; papal formula 5±2; vomeriform, sharply conical. female antenna 12-segmented, with moder- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Diapria 76 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 has been traditionally recognized on the pres- one undescribed species, partly margined; ence of the median excision and ¯exion of head in lateral view with antennal shelf mod- the anterior margin of the syntergite. The erately to distinctly projecting; level of to- ground plan of Diapria is essentially identi- rulus in the middle of the eye; eye usually cal with that of Trichopria, s.l.; however, subcircular, with posterior margin not sinu- several minor details are worth mentioning. ate, ommatidia relatively small and not con- Contrary to some Trichopria, foamy struc- vex; oral carina usually well developed, part- tures and the specialized pit on female A12 ly obscured by postgenal cushion; postgenal never occur in Diapria and female clavo- cushion strongly developed, sometimes con- meres are not ¯attened ventrally. Sundholm tiguous ventrally across hypostomal bridge; (1960) discussed the taxonomy of Diapria occipital ¯ange moderate to well developed; and allied genera. occiput usually rounded, sometimes sharply DISTRIBUTION: Notton (1995) recognized steplike carinate; face sometimes sculptured, four species in Britain. Diapria conica (Fa- rugulose or punctate, often with distinct de- bricius) is a widespread tramp species occur- pression medially below antennal shelf; man- ring throughout the world. We also examined dible bidentate, rarely strongly enlarged, several specimens of Diapria from Chile mandibular condyle usually with elevated (CNCI). rim; clypeus usually well de®ned, convex, BIOLOGY: Diapria conica is a parasite of epistomal sulcus sometimes well developed, Eristalis tenax (L.) (Syrphidae) (Sanders, rarely lower margin of clypeus ¯exed and 1911). bladelike projecting; rarely lower face deeply concave; tentorial pit and malar sulcus not Doliopria Kieffer developed; hypostomal bridge well devel- Figures 41, 42, 43, 44 oped, sometimes covered by part of postgen- al cushions; palpal formula 5±2; female an- Doliopria Kieffer, 1910a: 48. tenna 11-segmented, very rarely 10-seg- Martinica Risbec, 1950: 533. NEW SYNONYMY. mented, usually strongly clavate, clava sem- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Predominantly small to iabrupt, gradually incrassate toward apex, rarely medium-sized individuals (1±3.5 mm); A10 and A11 usually largest, A11 always body color light yellow to dark brown, pre- larger than A10, A10 and A11 often distinct- dominantly smooth and shining, head and ly ¯attened ventrally, A10 rarely with sharp mesosoma with abundant, scattered, long, spine, articulation between A9, A10 and A11 semierect hairs, strong hairy cushions but no in extreme dorsal part, apical clavomere ven- foamy structures; female antenna 11-, rarely trally without pit; A1 elongate, cylindrical, 10-segmented, A10 and A11 largest, articu- without longitudinal keels, not armed apical- lation between A9, A10, and A11 in extreme ly; male antenna 14-segmented, A2 sub- dorsal part; submarginal vein in forewing spherical, A3±A14 usually cylindrical, rarely moderately to distinctly remote from fore- subpennicilate to almost verticillate, with margin; marginal and stigmal veins subtrian- dense, scattered hairs, A4 sexually modi®ed gular in shape, stigmal vein often well de- or not; specialized brushes present on A8± ®ned, basal vein not developed; hind wing A11 or A9±A11, rarely not developed. ME- always with pigmented submarginal vein; an- SOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view moder- terior margin of syntergite straight and entire, ately developed, pronotal shoulders not de- often raised medially or almost ¯exed and veloped, sides of pronotum moderately con- moderately to distinctly excised medially; S2 vex; epomium rarely developed but obscured anterolaterally with two hairy depressions. by pronotal cushion; pronotal cushion usu- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal ally strong and massive, consisting of dense- view predominantly globose, sometimes ly packed ®ne pilosity, propleuron also transverse or produced anteriorly, usually densely hairy; mesoscutum only moderately smooth, sometimes with large, coarse punc- convex, sometimes ¯at, lines, sulci, and de- tures, frons usually unarmed, very rarely pressions absent; anterior scutellar pit usually with small median point; antennal shelf rel- present, variable in shape, predominantly atively large, not margined posteriorly, in subcircular, rarely subbifoveate or absent; 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 77 scutellar disc subquadrate, usually ¯at, slop- cause of the structure of the head, and the ing down posterolaterally, very rarely with course of the submarginal vein in the fore- moderate median keel; posterior margin of wing. Doliopria differs from Basalys prin- axilla usually rounded, axillar depression cipally in the structure of the female antenna usually large and deep, with dense ®ne pi- as well as the absence of the basal vein in losity; mesopleuron usually ¯at or slightly the forewing. Furthermore, the anterior mar- convex, sometimes with moderate declivity gin of the syntergite is never excised or mod- in area of oblique median line; sternaulus ab- i®ed in Basalys. Doliopria reichenspergeri sent; dorsellum moderately to densely hairy, FerrieÁre was transferred to Szelenyiopria (Fa- keels sometimes obscured by pilosity, very britius, 1974). rarely median keel strongly projecting; me- DISTRIBUTION: Doliopria is restricted to the tapleuron generally rugulose, hairy, anterior New World, with only a few species in the depressed part with denser pilosity, posterior Nearctic region and with a high number of convex part with sparser nonapressed pilos- undescribed species in tropical America. The ity; propodeum relatively short, median keel genus is not known in Chile. strongly developed, usually raised into sub- BIOLOGY: Host unknown. Three Neotrop- triangular point, rarely produced into spine, ical species were described associated with plica well developed, area between plica and ants (Kieffer, 1910a, 1921; FerrieÁre, 1929); it median keel usually glabrous and highly is plausible to assume that they parasitize shining, area anterior to plical area and sides synoeketic Diptera because they show no of propodeum hairy; posterior margin of pro- specialized morphology. Ogloblin (1960) de- podeum rimlike, moderately to deeply arcu- scribed several more Neotropical species ate; forewing relatively short and broad, for- with no data on hosts or habits. emargin with row of long semierect bristles, wing often slightly to distinctly infuscate, ve- Ecitovagus Masner nation distinctly exceeding basal third of Figures 51, 52 wing length, submarginal vein almost Ecitovagus Masner, 1977: 33±36. straight, moderately to distinctly remote from foremargin, marginal and stigmal veins sub- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized individu- triangular in shape, stigmal vein often well als (approximately 3 mm), with sexes very de®ned, basal vein not developed but pig- similar in general appearance in E. gibbus mented transverse strip often present below Masner; body light to dark ferrugineous, pre- marginal vein; hind wing always with pig- dominantly sculptured, rough rugulose and mented submarginal vein; wings sometimes matte or partly sculptured and partly shining, strongly reduced in both sexes; legs moder- metasoma past petiole predominantly ately slender, femora and tibia clavate, tarsi smooth, sculpture of males generally ®ner; not compressed, apex of anterior tibia at body generally with long semidecumbent most with minute dorsal spine. METASO- bristles; foamy structures or hairy cushions MA. Petiole robust, slightly to clearly elon- not developed, but ®ne appressed pilosity gate, often subquadrate, usually glabrous may occur; antennal shelf margined posteri- dorsally, with few strong longitudinal keels, orly; frons armed; mesoscutum strongly rarely dorsally hairy, with abundant pilosity humped anteromedially, hump compressed laterally and ventrally; metasoma past petiole and highly elevated above head; mesoster- slightly to distinctly elongate, only moder- num and metasternum anteriorly (in front of ately convex dorsally, syntergite generally mid coxae) with deep cleft; posterior part of glabrous, sometimes with strip of ®ne pilos- mid propodeum remarkably constricted, bell- ity anterolaterally; anterior margin of synter- shaped, protruding backward above hind gite medially often raised, almost ¯exed, of- coxae, causing impression of 2-segmented ten moderately to distinctly excised medially; petiole; tarsi distinctly compressed. S2 anterolaterally with two hairy depres- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal sions, very rarely with large hairy cushion. view subquadrate, temple relatively long, RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Dolio- head hypognathous, frons armed with three pria is closely related to Basalys mainly be- projections, antennal shelf sharply margined 78 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 posteriorly, large and deep; head in lateral here forming deep cleft, thus causing im- view with postgena behind eye distinctly pression of 2-segmented petiole, dorsal side wider than eye, eye relatively small, eye of propodeum in lateral view not sloping, height distinctly shorter than half head horizontal, median keel and plica not devel- height, ommatidia relatively large and con- oped, posterior margin of propodeum deeply vex; mandible bidentate lower tooth longer excavate; wings primarily developed, slen- than upper tooth, palpi very short, palpal for- der, slightly yellowish, marginal vein sub- mula 3±2; oral carina strongly developed, triangular, stigmal vein not developed; legs gena and postgena almost glabrous; hypos- remarkably long and slender, femur in lateral tomal bridge moderately developed; occipital view subcylindrical, nonclavate; hind tibia in ¯ange narrow but distinctly steplike; female dorsal view compressed in anterior half; tarsi antenna 12-segmented, antennal clava nona- distinctly compressed, especially on fore and brupt, multisegmented (8 segments), clavo- middle legs. METASOMA. Petiole in dorsal meres distinctly transverse, noncompact, view slightly to moderately elongate, robust, A12 slightly reduced in size; A1 elongate, without longitudinal keels, with scattered cylindrical, rounded apically, A3 remarkably bristles, in lateral view sometimes with sharp elongate; male antenna 14-segmented, either longitudinal keel ventrally, posterior side of with A3 and A4 strongly sexually modi®ed, petiole sloping abruptly down forming deep subtriangular, constricted basally and ex- cleft with anterior margin of syntergite; me- panded distally, A5 to A13 strongly trans- tasoma past petiole in lateral view only verse, almost beadlike, A14 remarkably di- slightly convex dorsally, entire syntergite minished, or A3 and A4 not sexually modi- with scattered semierect bristles, sometimes ®ed, A3 to A13 elongate, constricted basally, syntergite partly with ®ne coriaceous micros- with scattered short bristles, A14 not dimin- culpture; anterior margin of S2 entire; special ished. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately spot on S2 large, near anterior margin. higher than wide; pronotal shoulders and RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among epomium not developed; propleuron and an- the ecitophilic genera Ecitovagus can be dis- terior sides of pronotum without foamy tinguished conveniently on two apomorphic structures or cushions of hairs, cervix of pro- character states: the anteromedian hump on thorax relatively short, pronotum strongly mesoscutum and the strongly constricted and narrowed anteromedially; mesoscutum prolonged median part of propodeum. Mas- strongly humped anteromedially, hump com- ner (1977) compared Ecitovagus with Myr- pressed and highly elevated above head; te- mecopria, emphasizing differences in struc- gula large, sculptured or smooth; scutellum ture of mesoscutum, propodeum, and ab- trapezoidal, anterior scutellar pit transverse, sence of sharp apices of tibiae in Ecitovagus. subrectangular, large and deep, slightly short- Ecitovagus shares some character states with er than scutellar disc; outer margin of axilla Apopria, and also resembles Notoxoides and produced in sharp bladelike keel; scutellar Philolestoides, primarily in the shape of the disc pillow-shaped, convex, with moderate to mesosoma, which is higher than wide and strong median longitudinal keel, lateral keels also in the pro®le of petiole and the rest of not projecting; axillar depression deep; me- metasoma. sopleuron ¯at, subrectangular, straight ven- DISTRIBUTION: We examined Ecitovagus trally, with deep oblique submedian sulcus; gibbus (from Arizona), two species from dorsellum usually well de®ned, with three Mexico, and one species from Costa Rica longitudinal keels; metapleuron large, rugu- (CNCI); differences between these species lose, with deep, large excavation anterodor- indicate much larger extent of the genus in sally, metapleuron separated dorsally from this region. propodeum by sharp arched carina; median BIOLOGY: Ecitovagus gibbus is associated part of propodeum in dorsal view elongate, with Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cresson) in subcampanulate, protruding backward above Arizona; dealated female individuals were hind coxa, laterally (near spiracle) with deep observed in raid columns of ants during cre- depression running obliquely from posterior puscular and night time observations. The margin of dorsellum to base of hind coxa, wasps resemble ants, not only in size and 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 79 color but also in movements, making distin- spindle-shaped clava, with subcompact cla- guishing dif®cult. True lytic alectomy occurs vomeres, A12 not larger than A11, A3±A5 in E. gibbus. distinctly elongate, cylindrical; A1 remark- ably long and strong, cylindrical, unarmed Eladio, new genus apically; male antenna apparently 13-seg- Figures 45, 46, 47 mented due to partial fusion of A3 and A4; fused A3 and A4 sometimes with sharp ca- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized individu- rina on outer side; A5±A14 knotted with one als (2 to 3 mm), sexes considerably dissim- whorl of bristles on each node; A7±A12 ilar; body predominantly light-colored, from without specialized brushes, A1 elongate, cy- yellowish brown to dark brown or ferrugin- lindrical, shorter than in female, unarmed eous; body almost entirely sculptured, usu- apically. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in dorsal ally head and mesosoma coarse, netlike, co- view with pronotum moderately developed, riaceous or rarely body only matte, metaso- pronotal shoulders not developed; sides of ma past petiole densely matte with ®ne mi- pronotum without epomium, with moderate crosculpture, in males sculpture generally to well developed cushion of specialized ®ner to partly smooth, body predominantly hairs and some foamy structures; propleuron hairy, hairs normal, thickened or specialized with foamy structures; mesoscutum as long as ¯attened setae, whitish, golden, or rufous as wide, moderately to distinctly convex; color; cushion of hairs well developed, parapsidal and anterior parallel lines usually foamy structures usually rudimentary, espe- present; tegula sculptured, especially in fe- cially in females; female clava usually spin- males; anterior scutellar pit shallow, small, dle-shaped, with subcompact clavomeres, smaller than axilla or scutellar disc; scutellar male antenna apparently 13-segmented due disc subcircular, moderately convex, with to partial fusion of A3 and A4; female A12 moderate longitudinal keel, rarely crested not larger than A11; propodeum relatively and then almost pyramidal, lateral keels of large, median keel remarkably produced an- scutellar disc moderately developed; axilla teriorly into process curved backward, pro- remarkably large, posterior margin sharp, ax- cess often ¯attened dorsally, sometimes spat- illar depression small but deeply excavate, ulate, reaching to or overlapping posterior with rudimentary foamy structures; meso- margin of propodeum, plica well developed; pleuron almost ¯at, median oblique line metapleuron in females partly glabrous with weakly developed; dorsellum well devel- sculpture similar to rest of mesosoma; wings oped, with sharp keels, metanotum laterad relatively broad, surface distinctly glassy, of- dorsellum smooth and shining; metapleuron ten bronze; hind tibia with remarkable brush in females partly glabrous with sculpture of long, dense, setae; metasoma past petiole similar to rest of mesosoma, metapleuron in relatively ¯attened dorsally. males covered with dense pilosity; propo- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal deum relatively large, median keel remark- view subglobular to moderately elongate an- ably produced anteriorly into process curved teriorly; frons unarmed; antennal shelf shal- backward, process often ¯attened dorsally, low, not margined posteriorly; head in lateral sometimes spatulate, reaching to or overlap- view with torulus in upper half of eye; eye ping posterior margin of propodeum, plica oval, in female subequal to postgena, in well developed; posterior margin of propo- males eye clearly longer than postgena; pos- deum sharp, deeply concave, posterolateral terior orbit straight; ommatidia rather large corners of propodeum produced and pointed; and convex; oral carina moderately to well wings relatively broad, surface distinctly developed; postgenal cushion absent or mi- glassy, often bronze; basal part of front mar- nute; occipital ¯ange weakly developed; gin and submarginal vein distinctly upcur- head in frontal view with mandible bidentate, ved, stigmal vein relatively well developed; lower tooth longer; head in ventral view with legs relatively strong, entirely sculptured, fe- hypostomal bridge moderately developed; mur rather thick, nonclavate, hind tibia with palpal formula 5±2; female antenna 12-seg- remarkable brush of short dense setae; apex mented, with nonabrupt 5- or 7-segmented of foretibia without specialized dorsal spine. 80 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

METASOMA. Petiole subquadrate to slight- vein; head, mesosoma, legs and A1 entirely ly elongate in females, distinctly elongate in netlike reticulate, reticulations ®ner on tibia males, cylindrical, with abundant pilosity, in and tarsi, propleuron partly smooth, propo- males with foamy structures; metasoma past deum between plicae partly smooth, meta- petiole relatively ¯attened dorsally, only soma past petiole with ®ne dense punctures; moderately convex ventrally, females with body (including appendages) with scattered short broad apical point; S2 without special- decumbent yellowish setae. HEAD. Head in ized spot; anterior margin of syntergite dis- dorsal view as long as wide (46:46), narrow- tinctly wider than petiole. er than mesosoma (46:55), frons in front of TYPE SPECIES: Eladio cruzi, new species eye shorter than temple behind eye (12:15), (described below), by present designation. eye as long as temple (15:15), posterior ocel- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Mem- li outside ocular zone; head in lateral view bers of Eladio can be recognized convenient- slightly higher than long (50:46), eye as long ly on two synapomorphies, namely the char- as postgena (15:15); postgenal cushion not acteristic netlike reticulation of the head, me- developed; A1 to A7 without ¯attened ap- sosoma, and legs, and the dense brush of se- pressed whitish setae; antennomeres in rela- tae on inner side of tibia. Eladio is also tive proportions (51:10), (10:7), (33:5.5), characterized by glassy wings, a strongly de- (15:5.5), (13:6), (12:6.5), (11:7.5), (12:9), veloped median keel of propodeum as well (12:11), (12:11.5), (15:11.5), (15:10). ME- as high degree of thick pilosity on pronotum, SOSOMA. Mesosoma in relative proportions metapleuron, and petiole. Eladio appears re- length:width:height (90:55:65); pronotum lated to Acanthopria primarily because of with minute cushion of yellowish hairs, pro- structure and shape of wings and type of pleuron with strip of foamy structures in up- male antenna, especially the fusion of A3 per half; mesoscutum length:width (38:40), and A4. Eladio is also related to Szelenyi- anterior parallel lines rather long, weakly de- opria, another derivative of Acanthopria. ®ned, parapsidal lines developed as narrow ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is dedicat- zone without sculpture; scutellar pit subtrian- ed to Mr. Eladio Cruz, one-time resident of gular, with tip pointed up; scutellar disc only PenÄas Blancas (Costa Rica). Mr. Cruz helped moderately convex, median keel complete; to operate Malaise traps on his property mesopleuron with strong netlike reticulation where three species of Eladio were discov- similar to that on head and rest of mesosoma; ered; the gender is neuter. dorsellum well developed; sculpture of me- DISTRIBUTION: At present, we recognize six tapleuron appears more rugulose than retic- species of Eladio (including E. cruzi, new ulation of mesopleuron; spatula of propodeal species, described below) from lowland rain- keel relatively narrow, in lateral view, tip of forests in Costa Rica and Panama (CNCI, spatula not exceeding posterior margin of MIZA). propodeum at meson, area between plica and BIOLOGY: The host is unknown. However, median keel (below spatula) partly smooth, judging from sculpture, pilosity and color of dorsum of posterolateral corners smooth; body we assume that members of Eladio are femora and tibia without appressed whitish associated with ants. However, wing alecto- setae. METASOMA. Petiole in relative pro- my or occurrence of members in light trap portions length/width (15:16), dorsally with was not observed. longitudinal irregular keels; metasoma past petiole in relative proportions length/width/ Eladio cruzi, new species height (80:52:36); syntergite with denser pi- Figures 45, 46, 47 losity in lateral parts and generally in pos- terior third; following tergites equally hairy, DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2.2 S2 and following sternite with same pilosity mm; body entirely ferrugineous brown, me- as in dorsal side. tasoma past petiole darkest, legs, A1 to A7 MALE: Allotype. Differs from female prin- and palpi yellowish brown, without ¯attened cipally in following character states: body appressed whitish setae wings parchmentlike, generally darker and sculpture ®ner; body with lighter transverse band below stigmal with only ®ne nonspecialized hairs; foamy 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 81 structures better developed on pronotum, ventral pit; male antenna 14-segmented, with propleuron and side of petiole; eye much dense nonwhorled pilosity, A4 not modi®ed; larger than in female, distinctly longer than head broadly subpentagonal, eyes remark- postgena (20:9), genal cushion replaced by ably large, strongly prominent, with raspber- small hairy spot; A3 and A4 with low carina ry-like ommatidia; ocelli large; anterior scu- on outer side; petiole clearly elongate, tellar pit very large but shallow; plica of pro- length:width (19:14); metasoma past petiole podeum often strongly raised, arcuate, and more elongate, relative proportions length: pointed posteriorly. width:height (82:48:35); syntergite with ®ner DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal sculpture and same pattern of pilosity as in view broadly subpentagonal, wider than female. long; frons unarmed; antennal shelf well de- TYPE MATERIAL:23&,3(. Holotype, & veloped in front of toruli; female temple be- (CNCI no. 22453), COSTA RICA, Alajuela, hind eye almost straight, strongly receding, PenÄas Blancas, September±October 1987, male temple very short, rounded and reced- 700 m, primary rainforest, MT, E. Cruz. Par- ing; head in lateral view subglobose, anten- atypes, 4&, with same data as holotype; 1&, nal shelf moderately projecting; level of to- October 1986; 1& same locality, July 7, rulus at midpoint of eye; eye large, ovoid, 1987; 2&, December 1987; 4&, October distinctly higher than long, with large rasp- 1987; 1&, January 1±10, 1987; 3&, February berry-like ommatidia; ocelli large; oral cari- 1987; 3&, May 1987; 1&, March 1987; 1&, na moderate, partly obscured by pilosity; Heredia, Pto. Viejo, February 1980, 50 m, postgena with distinct hairy cushion; occip- rainforest, W.R.M. Mason; 1&, Puntarenas, ital ¯ange rudimentary, not steplike, not Monteverde, August 1987, 1600 m, MT, crenulate; head in frontal view wider than D.M. Wood. Allotype, ( (CNCI), same data high, clypeus almost ¯at, epistomal sulcus as holotype, June 9, 1987; 1( February not developed; labrum not exposed; tentorial 1987; 1(, B. Carrillo N.P. 84Њ07ЈW, 1 0 Њ10ЈN, pit not developed; mandible relatively small, April 10, 1985, 500 m, H. Goulet and L. bidentate, clasped; malar sulcus not devel- Masner. oped; palpi short, palpal formula 4±2; hy- ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon- postomal bridge moderately developed; fe- or of Mr. Eladio Cruz, formerly of PenÄas male antenna 11-segmented, A1 long cylin- Blancas (Costa Rica). drical, apical rim not excavate ventrally, rim DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. not produced into ¯aps; clava nonabrupt, BIOLOGY: Unknown. gradually incrassate toward apex, A11 form- VARIATION: The series of 21 females from ing massive 1-segmented clava, clavomeres PenÄas Blancas (Costa Rica) is morphologi- not ¯attened ventrally, A11 without ventral cally very cohesive; single female from La pit. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively Selva (Costa Rica) is slightly smaller and short, about as wide as high, considerably lighter, with spatula of the median keel wider. ¯attened dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix well developed; pronotal shoul- Hansona, new genus ders not prominent; pronotum dorsally (be- Figure 57 hind cervix) and along anterior margin with hairy cushions or dense pilosity, side of DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized (around 2 pronotum almost ¯at, smooth, mostly gla- mm) individuals; body predominantly red- brous; epomium not developed; propleuron dish brown to yellowish brown, legs and an- in upper part with hairy cushion or dense pi- tennae lighter, body partly to predominantly losity; mesoscutum almost semicircular, gla- matte, with intense granular, reticulate, or co- brous or with scattered semierect hairs; par- riaceous sculpture, with dense pilosity, some- apsidal and anterior parallel lines absent; hu- times with short ¯attened appressed setae, meral and posthumeral sulci not developed; foamy structures absent; female antenna 11- anterior scutellar pit large, transverse, shal- segmented, gradually incrassate toward apex, low; scutellar disc ¯at, or only moderately with massive 1-segmented clava (A11), cla- convex, pillow-shaped, with weak lateral vomeres not ¯attened ventrally; A11 without keels; axillar lateral and posterior scutellar 82 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 pits not developed; posterior margin of axilla era are only distantly related and differ prin- rounded, axillar depression very small; me- cipally by the absence (Xanthopria) or pres- sopleuron only slightly convex, smooth shin- ence (Hansona) of marginal cilia in the fore- ing and glabrous, median oblique depression wing. not developed; sternaulus not developed; ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is dedicat- posterior margin of mesopleuron smooth, ed to Dr. Paul Hanson (Universidad de Costa noncrenulate; metanotum relatively narrow; Rica) for his valuable help over many years; dorsellum with three longitudinal keels; me- the gender is feminine. tapleuron densely hairy; propodeum relative- DISTRIBUTION: At present, several species ly large; median keel distinctly cresting an- are known to us from the lowland rainforests teriorly; area between plica and median keel in Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), perfectly glabrous; plica of propodeum Trinidad, and South America (Brazil, Ecua- strongly raised, arcuate and sharply pointed dor, Venezuela). posteriorly, area laterad of plica with dense BIOLOGY: Host is unknown, however, the strong pilosity; side of propodeum densely structure of eyes, size of ocelli, the micros- hairy; nucha moderately long; forewing rel- culpture and color of the body together with atively short, in female slightly surpassing tip the presence of a distinct gland at the base of metasoma, longer in males, marginal cilia of S2 indicate possible association with ants moderately long; submarginal vein consid- and nocturnal habits. Several specimens were erably upcurved, strongly approximated to caught in light traps. foremargin of wing; marginal vein moderate- ly elongate, reaching basal third of wing Hansona pauli, new species length, stigmal vein short, no other veins de- Figure 57 veloped; hind wing with submarginal vein indicated only near hamuli; legs relatively DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 2 mm; short and stubbed; apex of foretibia dorsally body generally chestnut brown, head and without specialized spine but only with mi- metasoma darker, propodeum, and petiole nute point; hind tibia attenuate in basal two- light brown, tegulae, legs, and antennae yel- thirds, moderately clavate in posterior third. lowish brown; forewing almost clear, with METASOMA. Metasoma short, pedunculate; longitudinal nebulous streak in course of M petiole elongate, cylindrical, with several vein. HEAD. Head in dorsal view broadly longitudinal carinae, densely covered with subpentagonal, distinctly wider than long long dense pilosity; metasoma past petiole (51:40); ocelli in close isosceles triangle, short, slightly longer than wide, sharply POL equals LOL, OOL considerably larger pointed apically in female, with apical ter- than POL (14:3); temple as long as eye (15: gites yellow; anterior margin of syntergite as 15), straight, strongly receding; head in lat- narrow as petiole, not notched medially; an- eral view only slightly higher than long (42: terior margin of S2 broad, remote from base 40); eye distinctly higher than long (25:17), of petiole, in female with distinct basal gland as long as postgena (17:17), eye height only internally; apical sternite in female sharply slightly larger than malar space (17:15); head triangular, subvomeriform. in frontal view with eye strongly bulging and TYPE SPECIES: Hansona pauli, new species cheek strongly converging, face entirely ru- (described below), by present designation. gulose; antennal segments in relative propor- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Han- tions (32:8.5), (9.5:7.5), (10:6.5), (7:6.5), (7: sona appears related to a group of species in 6.5), (7:7), (7:7), (7:9), (6:10.5), (6:11), (21: Leucopria with which it shares general hab- 14.5). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in dorsal itus, structure of female antenna, and leuco- view longer than wide (85:58); mesoscutum se-yellow glandular spot on apex of meta- slightly wider than long (46:31); anterior soma in females. It differs from Leucopria scutellar pit only slightly shorter than scutel- by round-shaped scutellum, strongly sculp- lar disc medially; propodeum laterad plica tured mesoscutum, in male by nonverticillate and petiole with long strong yellowish hairs; A3-A13. In the key, Hansona comes in the incrassate part of all femora distinctly ¯at- same couplet with Xanthopria; the two gen- tened ventrally; inner side of hind tibia with 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 83 single row of very long erect hairs; middle two types of pilosity, ®ne, dense and ap- and hind basitarsi distinctly elongate, sube- pressed hairs and sparse semierect long bris- qual to or longer than tarsomere 5. META- tles; foamy structures at most reduced to me- SOMA. Petiole twice as long as wide (20: tasternum, rarely rudimentary on upper pro- 10), with moderate ¯ange anteriorly; synter- pleuron, heavy hairy cushions very rarely de- gite slightly longer than wide (62:53), with veloped; hypostomal bridge unusually wide; scattered semidecumbent pilosity laterally occipital ¯ange remarkably wide around en- and posteriorly, S2 smooth, medially with tire circumference, collarlike; cervix of pro- two ovoid patches of dense punctures. thorax distinctly elongate, never with foamy MALE: Unknown. We examined 14 males structures or heavy cushions; axillar depres- from Panama (Barro Colorado, light trap), sion rudimentary; mesopleuron remarkably and 1( from Ecuador (Pichincha) that may convex; posterior margin of propodeum dor- be the opposite sex to the holotype. The sally deeply excavate, nucha of propodeum males differ from the female principally by often ¯anked dorsally and laterally by sharp, much larger eyes and smaller, rounded tem- semitransparent lamina overlapping anterior ples. border of petiole; hind femur usually mod- TYPE MATERIAL:6&. Holotype, & (CNCI erately to strongly compressed and curved no. 22456), COSTA RICA, Limon, 16 km basally (dorsal view); petiole without longi- W Guapiles, 400 m, October±November tudinal keels, with no foamy structures; syn- 1989, P. Hanson, MT. Paratypes, 1&, COS- tergite highly convex, entirely hairy, with an- TA RICA, Puntarenas, R.F. Golfo Dulce, 24 terior margin overlapping posterior border of km W Piedras Blancas, 200 m, February petiole. 1992, P. Hanson, MT; 3&, PANAMA, Barro DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head perfectly Colorado Is., Canal Zone, April 9 and 16, globular, rarely subpentagonal, hypognath- 1980, Henk Wolda (light trap); 1& Fort Clay- ous, with frons unarmed, antennal shelf mod- ton, Canal Zone, August 25, 1981, R.B. erate; face in lateral view convex; eye usu- Kimsey (light trap). ally normal, sometimes large with large and ETYMOLOGY: The species is dedicated to convex ommatidia, posterior orbit straight or Dr. Paul Hanson (Universidad de Costa sinuate; malar sulcus not developed; mandi- Rica), who collected the holotype specimen ble subequal and bidentate; papal formula 4± of the type species. 3 or 3±2, rarely 5±2; oral carina usually ab- DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, Panama. sent, rarely moderately developed; upper BIOLOGY: Unknown; all specimens were postgena rarely sharply angular; postgenal collected in lowland rainforest. cushion not developed, postgena at most VARIATION: No variation encountered in with scattered pilosity; hypostomal bridge females comprising the type series. unusually wide; occipital ¯ange remarkably wide around entire circumference, collarlike; Labidopria Wasmann female antenna 12-segmented, generally with Figure 58 nonabrupt clava, with six to eight clavomer- es, clavomeres rectangular or quadrate, with Labidopria Wasmann, 1925: 194. distinct gaps, clava rarely abrupt, with ®ve DIAGNOSIS (&): Small to medium-sized in- to six segments, A1 usually compressed in dividuals (1 to 2.5 mm); head, mesosoma, basal half, A12 not enlarged. MESOSOMA. and metasoma subglobular, mesosoma highly Mesosoma relatively short, subglobular, convex, metasoma dorsally strongly convex; highly convex, both dorsally and ventrally, two distinct constrictions occur on body, one pronotum with long cervix, sides of prono- in cervical region between head and meso- tum strongly convex, generally densely soma, and another between propodeum and hairy, rarely with only scattered bristles, in metasoma past petiole; body predominantly some species with coriaceous or rugulose light-brown-colored, rarely yellow, body sculpture, without epomium, never with mostly smooth and shining, in some species foamy structures or heavy cushions; pronotal entirely matte with coarse sculpture; body in- shoulders generally absent, if developed, cluding entire metasoma hairy, usually with pointlike and anterior margin of pronotum 84 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 rarely with heavy collar of pegs; mesoscutum related genera of Diapriini, members of La- semicircular, strongly convex dorsally; ante- bidopria can be distinguished by the follow- rior scutellar pit very shallow to almost ru- ings character states: body strongly constrict- dimentary, or indicated as shallow depres- ed in cervical and petiolar regions, with head sion; axillar depression rudimentary, usually mesosoma and metasoma past petiole strong- without foamy structures; posterior margin of ly globular; posterior margin of propodeum axilla as well as sides of scutellar disc slop- usually with semitransparent laminae; petiole ing down roundly; scutellar disc only slightly without longitudinal keels; syntergite entirely convex, lateral and medial keels indistinct or hairy. Unlike in Acanthopria, foamy struc- absent, rarely disc balllike convex; meso- tures are rudimentary or absent in Labido- pleuron usually remarkably convex, rarely pria. Mimopriella differs from Labidopria only moderately convex, partly hairy; medi- principally in formation and shape of pro- an oblique line well developed, rarely even podeum. Corresponding males could not be sulcate; sternaulus absent; dorsellum with associated with females in species studied by three keels only rudimentary or keels absent; us; this could be explained by males undis- propodeum smooth, coriaceous or rugulose, tinguished generally from, e.g., Acanthopria, rather short, rounded to conical, median keel or males being very rare, or all Labidopria absent or at most indicated only anteriorly, species being parthenogenetic. posterior margin of propodeum dorsally DISTRIBUTION: This genus is known to us deeply excavate, margin dorsally and later- from lowland tropical forests of South and ally produced into sharp semitransparent Central America, with species extending to lamina, very rarely lamina dorsally absent, Mexico and one to USA (South Arizona). No laminae often overlapping anterior border of individuals were examined from the Antilles. petiole; wings primarily developed, almost Only 3 species were described so far, but we clear, remarkably long, submarginal vein rel- examined and recognized some 20 species atively short, submarginal vein moderately (CNCI). curved up toward marginal vein and running MALE: Unknown (see note in Recognition strongly approximated to anterior margin of and Relationships). wing, stigmal vein relatively well developed; BIOLOGY: The published data indicate legs very long and strong, sometimes even close association with the ecitonine ant genus incrassate, coxa, especially hind, very large Labidus (FerrieÁre, 1929; Borgmeier, 1939; and densely hairy; hind femur moderately to LoiaÂcono, 1981); unpublished data in CNCI strongly compressed and curved basally also con®rm association with genus Labidus, (dorsal view); hind tibia compressed basally; especially L. predator (Smith). Character tarsi moderately to strongly compressed. states typifying Labidopria in our opinion re- METASOMA. Petiole elongate, without lon- ¯ect high degree of adaptive morphology for gitudinal keels, ®nely sculptured, densely pu- life with ants, such as strongly developed bescent, with short hairs and scattered long legs, compressed base of femora, compressed bristles, with no foamy structures, often con- tarsi, etc. Numerous specimens examined by ical, wider anteriorly and tapering posterior- us were collected by light trap (CDC light ly, sometimes compressed posteriorly, in trap) in Brazil. Many females in the collec- some species with transverse globular knot; tion are wingless or have little wing stumps. metasoma past petiole usually globular, high- We are considering true lytic alectomy for ly convex dorsally, rarely only moderately species with no rudiments; the presence of convex and slightly elongate, anterior margin wing stumps may be explained by the spon- of syntergite in lateral view generally dis- taneous breaking of wing in basal area or by tinctly overlapping posterior border of peti- cutting off the wings by the host ants. ole, entire syntergite hairy, with long sparse bristles or dense decumbent hairs; S2 with Leucopria, new genus dense pilosity, anteriorly without specialized Figure 61 spot; apex of metasoma with only small point. DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-size in- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among dividuals (2 to 3.5 mm); body in most spe- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 85 cies light brown, rarely yellowish or dark elongate, more or less cylindrical, sometimes brown, smooth and shining, very rarely with slightly constricted medially, with two slight coriaceous or rugulose sculpture; body gen- knots and bristles of long erect hairs more or erally with heavy pale dense semierect hairs, less arranged in whorls, or antennomeres mesopleuron partly hairy, legs densely hairy, subrectangular with hairs scattered randomly. apex of syntergite and following tergites and MESOSOMA. Mesosoma about as high as all sternites, especially on apical sternite, wide; pronotal shoulders not developed but densely hairy with dense decumbent pilosity; sides of pronotum moderately convex; epom- foamy structures present on propleuron, me- ium absent, foamy structures always on pro- tasternum, axillar depression, and often on pleuron and often on anterior sides of pron- pronotum and petiole; anterior scutellar pit otum; mesoscutum usually semicircular and large, deep, subequal in length to scutellar highly convex in lateral view, very rarely disc; scutellar disc boxlike, sharply subquad- with parapsidal keels or sulci; scutellum dis- rate, unarmed dorsally, sides of disc with tinctly trapezoidal, anterior scutellar pit al- sharply carinate rim, rim often crenulate in- ways present, large, deep, subequal in length ward; axillar depression large, deeply exca- to disc, quadrate or transversely subrectan- vate, posterior margin of axilla sharp blade- gular; scutellar disc usually boxlike, sharply like; median propodeal keel strongly pro- subquadrate, unarmed dorsally, median keel duced, ®ngerlike bent, obtuse apically, usu- usually not developed, very rarely rudimen- ally directed obliquely backward; apex of tary, disc in one species highly convex and metasoma in female sharply pointed or al- with rugulose sculpture, sides of disc with most conical, with several apical tergites sharply carinate rims, rims often crenulate in- contrastingly whitish-yellow and densely wardly; axillar depression large, deeply ex- hairy; S2 anteriorly with distinctly special- cavate, always with abundant foamy struc- ized spot; apical sternite sharply triangular, tures; posterior margin of axilla sharp, blade- with dense pale pilosity. like; mesopleuron moderately convex, higher DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head globular, than wide, lower anterior half often with hypognathous, with frons unarmed; antennal sparse long hairs; metapleuron and sides of shelf moderate; torulus located in middle or propodeum with scattered long semierect upper middle of eye; face quadrate or elon- hairs, with coarse sculpture well visible; pro- gate, distinctly hairy; eye relatively large, podeum relatively long, median propodeal eye height larger than half of head height or keel always strongly produced anteriorly, subequal to half of head height, eye ovoid, bent ®ngerlike, obtuse apically, usually di- higher than wide, posterior orbit rounded or rected backward, plica distinctly developed; sometimes slightly sinuate, ommatidia often wings always present, normal size, hyaline, large and convex; malar sulcus never devel- very rarely bronze infuscate; submarginal oped; mandible bidentate, sometimes un- vein moderately to distinctly curved up to- equal, with right mandible subtridentate and ward marginal vein and running strongly ap- left mandible bidentate; hypostomal bridge proximated to anterior margin of wing; stig- very narrow; palpal formula 5±2; oral carina mal vein relatively well developed; basal strongly developed, very rarely absent; post- vein not developed; legs relatively slender, genal cushion rarely developed, postgena rarely incrassate, apices of femora often with usually with long dense hairs; gena in frontal ¯aps, tarsi moderately to strongly com- view often projecting angularly; occipital pressed laterally; apex of foretibia without ¯ange usually narrow, moderately developed, specialized spine dorsally. METASOMA. not steplike; female antenna either 11- or 12- Metasoma widely overlapped by wings; pet- segmented, clava nonabrupt, multisegmented iole always elongate, often very slender, cy- (6-segmented) or clava nondistinctly devel- lindrical, with longitudinal keels, with long oped; A1 often strongly elongate, cylindrical scattered hairs and always with foamy struc- and rounded apically, antennomeres elongate tures; metasoma past petiole moderately rectangular, cylindrical and subcompact; elongate, in dorsal view broadly spindlelike, male antenna 14-segmented, with A4 not dis- in lateral view only slightly convex or almost tinctly sexually modi®ed, antennomeres ¯at dorsally, strongly convex ventrally; pos- 86 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 terior part of syntergite and subsequent ter- we recognize some 30 species in the material gites with rows of dense semierect yellowish studied (CNCI). hairs; apex of metasoma in female sharply BIOLOGY: The hosts are unknown; some pointed or almost conical, with several apical special morphological adaptations in the fe- tergites contrasty whitish-yellow and densely male sex (special spot on S2, whitish-yellow hairy; S2 anteriorly with distinct specialized apex of female metasoma, pale dense pilosity spot, spot sometimes rudimentary in males; of body, etc.) indicate possible association female apical sternite sharply triangular with with various groups of ants. Two document- dense pale pilosity. ed cases (CNCI) support the view; one spe- TYPE SPECIES: Leucopria cylindricornis, cies was found deep in the nest (fungus gar- new species (described below), by present den) of Apterostigma auriculatum Wheeler designation. (Attini) in Costa Rica. Also in Costa Rica a RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Females series of an undescribed species of Leucopria of Leucopria share large whitish-yellow spot was observed ¯ying close above a raiding on apex of metasoma, with those of Han- column of Eciton burcheli (Westwood) (Eci- sona; this structure is interpreted here as an tonini). Species of Leucopria are probably internal gland with appeasement or repug- nocturnal, especially in dispersal habits, as natory function. Leucopria can be easily dis- documented by numerous individuals of both tinguished from Hansona by structure of scu- sexes caught in light traps in lowland rain- tellum, by presence of foamy structures on forests of Panama and Brazil. Allectomy was propleuron and in axillar depression, as well not observed among individuals caught in as by smooth mesoscutum. We basically rec- light traps. ognize two species groups within Leucopria: one with female antenna with slender clava Leucopria cylindricornis, new species and the other with female antenna strong, Figure 61 gradually incrassate toward apex. The males of Leucopria also represent two distinct spe- DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 3.5 cies groups: one with characteristic double- mm; body light brown, legs uniformly ligh- whorled antennomeres and other with anten- ter, wings clear, with pale yellowish tint es- nomeres with only scattered erect hairs. Leu- pecially in proximal half. HEAD: Head in dor- copria appears close to Acanthopria, from sal view as long as wide (58:58), generally which it can be distinguished principally by with long scattered hairs; temple behind eye the different structure of scutellum (anterior slightly wider than length of eye (24:22); oc- pit, sides of scutellar disc), furthermore by cipital ¯ange wide, as wide as width of ocel- the presence of a specialized spot on S2, and lus; head in lateral view slightly higher than especially by whitish-yellow apex of female long (64:58), vertex highly topped; eye dis- metasoma. In the male sex Leucopria differs tinctly higher than long (35:22), posterior or- from Acanthopria principally by the arrange- bit almost straight; malar space distinctly ment of bristles on antennomeres. Finally, shorter than eye height (10:35); postgena members of Leucopria are generally more without cushion but with dense long semi- pubescent that those of Acanthopria, espe- erect hairs, oral carina strongly developed; cially on ventral side of metasoma. cheek sharply angular, almost pointlike; low- ETYMOLOGY: The Latin pre®x leuco refers er margin of clypeus distinctly ¯exed; anten- to whitish (leucose)-yellow apex of female na slightly longer than entire body, all seg- metasoma, the place of the presumed gland, ments distinctly elongate, cylindrical, clava the word pria meaning ``little wasp''; the indistinctly 6-segmented, clavomeres sub- gender is feminine. compact, antennomeres in relative propor- DISTRIBUTION: This new genus appears to tions (90:11), (14:9.5), (13.5:9), (28:9.5), be centered in lowland tropical rainforests of (26:10), (24:10.5), (24:11.5), (24:12), (20: Central and South America (including Mex- 12), (20:13) (19:13), (26:12); A1 with long ico), with no members recorded from the An- scattered hairs and ®ne dense granular mi- tilles. We examined a single female specimen crosculpture; A2 to A6 with median long from Southern California (CNCI). At present scattered hairs and microsculpture similar to 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 87

A1; A6 to A12 with dense short pilosity and above, but 500 m, June 4±14, 1975; 1&, special appressed whitish setae. MESOSO- PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Is., MA. Mesosoma in proportions length:width: May 14±20, 1977, H. Wolda, light trap; 3&, height (121:73:82); upper anterior corner of Canal Zone, but caught May 10, and August pronotum (below cervix) with distinct patch 18, 1956, C.W. and M.E. Rettenmeyer; 1&, of foamy structures, adjacent to similar patch COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, road to Rincon, of foamy structures on upper propleuron; 24 km W of Pan Am Highway, February± median lobe of mesoscutum highly convex; March 1989, 200 m, P. Hanson and I. Gauld; anterior scutellar pit as long as wide, distinct- 1&, Heredia, Puerto Viejo, 50 m, rainforest, ly shorter than scutellar disc (15:20); scutel- February 1980, W. Mason; 1&, Limon, 16 lar disc with lateral rims sharp, distinctly km W Guapiles, 400 m, January±March crenulate inwardly, sides of disc distinctly di- 1990, P. Hanson, MT. vergent posteriorly, scutellar disc only slight- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c epithet refers to er convex, without keel; axillar depression the distinctly elongate shape of female an- well developed, with abundant foamy struc- tenna. tures; mesopleuron in lower half with scat- DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador, Panama, Costa tered semierect hairs, few scattered hairs on Rica; the actual distribution is probably both sides of suture between pronotum and much wider. mesopleuron; median propodeal keel strong- BIOLOGY: Host unknown; several females ly ®ngerlike, facing backward, propodeal pli- caught in light trap. ca sharply de®ned, enclosing two elongate VARIATION: Slight variation in body size ®elds on propodeal dorsum, propodeum in exists in the type series. lateral view relatively long, only gradually sloping toward posterior margin; legs long Megaplastopria Ashmead and slender, femora progressively incrassat- Figure 62 ed; tarsi generally compressed, hind basitar- sus higher than wide (8.5:5); hind tarsomere Megaplastopria Ashmead, 1903: 31. Xyalopria Kieffer, 1907: 300. NEW SYNONYMY. 5 twice as high as wide (6:3). METASOMA. Metasoma with petiole cylindrical, strongly DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-size in- elongate (50:17), with several strong longi- dividuals, (2.5±5.5 mm); body predominant- tudinal keels, with two patches of foamy ly dark brown to black, rarely lighter, with structures at sides posteromedially and with lighter appendages, predominantly smooth scattered long semierect pale hairs; metaso- and glabrous, with scattered long bristles, ma past petiole broadly spindlelike, longer heavy hairy cushions and foamy structures; than wide (125:67); syntergite predominantly occiput usually with sharply pointed upright glabrous and smooth, in posterior third with spine medially, spine usually bordered pos- scattered pale hairs; whitish-yellow spot oc- teriorly by raised transverse edge making oc- cupying apical two tergites; spot on S2 large, cipital ¯ange steplike; A1 with remarkable as long as width of petiole; S2 with long longitudinal keels, especially ventrally, api- semierect hairs in median part, arranged in cal rim sharp, often spinelike on outer edge; two longitudinal rows. female A12 often largest segment; male A3± MALE: Unknown; we examined several A14 strongly elongate, cylindrical, not knot- males from the type localities but we cannot ted, with long, erect scattered bristles, always associate the sexes properly. with distinct irregular sculpture, matte; male TYPE MATERIAL:16&. Holotype, & (CNCI A1 relatively short, always distinctly shorter no. 22457), ECUADOR, Pichincha, Santo than A3; anterior scutellar pit moderately to Domingo, 47 km S Rio Palenque, 200 m, strongly elongate, relatively deep, without May 18±30, 1975, S.B. Peck, FIT. Paratypes, longitudinal keel; anterior margin of S2 al- 3&, same data as holotype; 3&, same data as ways with two hairy depressions. holotype, but caught February 17±25, 1979, DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal L. Ling; 1&, ECUADOR, Pichincha, 16 km view globular, with antennal shelf strongly SE Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m, June projecting, rather large, anterior margin of 15±30, 1975, S. & J. Peck, FIT; 1&,as shelf bladelike, often angular medially; frons 88 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 unarmed; antennal shelf large, bladelike pro- large; anterior scutellar pit moderately to jecting, not margined posteriorly; temple be- strongly elongate, relatively deep, without hind eye relatively short, receding; level of longitudinal keel, as long as scutellar disc, torulus in middle or upper half of eye; eye with anterior margin straight, and posterior remarkably large, much larger than malar margin subacute; scutellar disc subquadrate space, subcircular, only slightly higher than with median longitudinal keel more or less long, posterior orbit of eye straight; omma- developed, lateral keels of disc sharp, area tidia relatively small, not convex; malar sul- on disc between lateral keel and median keel cus not developed, cheek rarely with shallow often distinctly depressed, posterolateral cor- declivity; ocelli remarkably large; oral carina ners of disc sharply rectangular; axilla rather well developed; postgena with massive cush- large, broadly con¯uent with scutellar disc, ion consisting of foamy structures and dense with posterior margin sharp and oblique hairs; occiput usually with sharply pointed (45Њ); axillar depression relatively small but upright spine medially, spine usually bor- deep, with abundant foamy structures; me- dered posteriorly by raised transverse edge sopleuron rather ¯at, trapezoidal, wider ven- making occipital ¯ange steplike, occipital trally than dorsally, oblique median line en- ¯ange well developed, rather broad; head in tirely absent; sternaulus rudimentary, indi- frontal view with face distinctly elongate; cated posteriorly above midcoxa; fore and mandible bidentate, normally equidentate; middle coxa often connected by longitudinal anterior margin of clypeus moderately groove; dorsellum well developed, lateral ¯exed; epistomal sulcus often well devel- keels always well produced, median keel oped; tentorial pit present but shallow; hy- usually absent, rarely rudimentary; metapleu- postomal bridge present, narrow; palpi rather ron predominantly with dense appressed sil- long and slender, palpal formula 5±2; female very pilosity; metasternum with foamy struc- antenna 12-segmented, clava nonabrupt, cla- tures; median keel of propodeum strongly vomeres progressively incrassate toward produced anteriorly into long, slender spine apex, A12 often remarkably enlarged, dis- pointed backward, spine often overlapping tinctly higher than wide, often as long as two posterior margin of propodeum, area be- or three preceding antennomeres, ventral pit tween plica and median keel relatively gla- not developed, A1 with longitudinal keels, brous, sides of propodeum with dense, ap- especially ventrally, keels rarely rudimenta- pressed, silvery pilosity; plica moderately de- ry, apical rim sharp, often spinelike on outer veloped; posterior margin of propodeum edge; male antenna 14-segmented, remark- deeply V-shaped excavate; forewing often in- ably long and slender, A1 relatively short, A2 fuscate, venation reaching basal third of very small, spherical, A3 longest of all seg- wing, submarginal vein almost straight, stig- ments, A4 sexually modi®ed with sexual ca- mal vein rudimentary, basal vein not devel- rina, A3±A14 strongly elongate, cylindrical, oped; legs long and slender, trochanters re- not knotted, with long erect scattered bristles, markably elongate, femora and tibiae con- always with distinct irregular sculpture, stricted basally, strongly clavate distally; matte, with special brushes on A7 and A8 posterior femur apically with ¯anges; apex of moderately developed. MESOSOMA. Pron- foretibia with moderate to rudimentary spine otum in dorsal view relatively well devel- dorsally; tarsi not compressed. METASO- oped, with shoulders prominent but obscured MA. Petiole distinctly elongate, cylindrical, by heavy pronotal cushion; side of pronotum with strong longitudinal keels, predominant- rather ¯at; epomium usually developed dor- ly glabrous dorsally, with hairs ventrally and sally, with vertical part usually obscured by laterally, sometimes with rudimentary foamy heavy pronotal cushion; pronotal cushion structures posterolaterally, with deep longi- heavy, mixed with foamy structures; pro- tudinal groove posteroventrally; metasoma pleuron with extensive foamy structures, past petiole elongate, anterior margin of syn- covered partly by dense pilosity or cushion; tergite distinctly wider than petiole, synter- mesoscutum generally longer than wide, gite in lateral view entirely glabrous, and slightly convex; parapsidal and anterior par- highly shining, almost ¯at dorsally, posterior allel lines not developed; tegula remarkably margin of syntergite and following tergites 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 89 with ®ne dense punctures; posterolateral cor- 3±2; hypostomal bridge absent in that base ners of tergites remarkably angular, not ap- of maxilla touches occipital ¯ange; meso- pressed to sternite, often ¯ared out, loosely pleuron medially with shallow oblique de- ®tting; anterior margin of S2 with 2 hairy clivity; dorsellum usually weakly de®ned, depressions, specialized spot on S2 not de- without keels; propodeum distinctly elon- veloped. gate, with median keel and plicae at most RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Mega- weakly developed, separated from metano- plastopria can be recognized by the combi- tum by rather deep broad cleft; metasternum nation of several character states, however, anteriorly (behind mesocoxa) without deep two of them appear constant in all species, semicircular cleft and without forked furca viz., the structure of male antenna (A1 vs. ventrally. A3, structure of A3±A14) and the presence DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal of two hairy depressions on base of S2 in view subangular, in frontal view rhomboidal, both sexes. Megaplastopria differs from Tri- hypognathous, face elongate, frons armed chopria by specialized male antenna as well with two to three projections, in lateral view as by presence of two hairy pits on base of head higher than long; antennal shelf large, S2 in both sexes; however, several undescri- with anterior margin sharply projecting, bed Neotropical species of Megaplastopria bladelike, shelf located in upper half of eye; lack some of the generic attributes and ap- eye medium-large, eye height usually shorter pear closer to Trichopria. than half of head height, eye ovoid, usually DISTRIBUTION: The genus is restricted to highly convex, posterior orbit usually the Neotropics, with 12 species described. straight, ommatidia usually large and con- We examined rich material from CNCI with vex; ocelli large and highly convex; temple specimens from Mexico to Brazil; no speci- behind eye abruptly receding, sinuate or al- mens were examined from the Greater An- most straight; malar sulcus not developed; tilles, but one species is described from Gre- mandible bidentate, lower tooth remarkably nada (Lesser Antilles). long and slender, upper tooth short and trun- BIOLOGY: Host unknown. All members of cate; palpi relatively short, palpal formula 3± Megaplastopria are found in lower and mid 2; oral carina strongly developed; postgena altitudes (rain and cloud forests). rarely with row of strong golden pegs; gena and postgena without ®ne pilosity; postgenal Mimopria Holmgren cushion never developed; cheek in frontal Figures 65, 66 view nonangular; hypostomal bridge not de- veloped, base of maxilla touching occipital Mimopria Holmgren, 1908: 346. ¯ange; occipital ¯ange always well devel- Atrichopria Kieffer, 1910b: 55. Synonymized by oped, broad, but only moderately steplike; Masner, 1959: 361±367. female antenna 12-segmented, clava multis- Kiefferopria BreÁthes, 1927b: 333. Synonymized by Masner, 1959: 361±367. egmented (usually 5 segments), semiabrupt, cylindrical clavomeres slightly transverse, DIAGNOSIS (&(): Predominantly large noncompact, A12 slightly larger than A11; sized robust individuals (3.5±5 mm), rarely A1 elongate, cylindrical, rounded apically; smaller; body predominantly light to dark male antenna 14-segmented, with scattered, ferrugineous, in females entirely sculptured randomly spaced erect bristles on antennom- and matte (including tegula) except metaso- eres A3±A13, A4 not sexually modi®ed; A7± ma past petiole sometimes contrastingly A12 without special brushes. MESOSOMA. smooth and shining, sculpture of males gen- Mesosoma as high as wide; pronotal shoul- erally ®ner, with parts of head and mesosoma ders not developed but sides of pronotum smooth; body generally with scattered long ¯attened; epomium not developed; pronotum stiff erect or slanted bristles, bristles often in subcervical region sometimes with dense truncate apically; foamy structures or hairy pilosity; propleuron and anterior side of cushions not developed; postgena rarely with pronotum without foamy structures or cush- golden pegs; frons armed with two to three ion of hairs but sometimes with denser pi- projections; palpi very short, palpal formula losity; cervix of prothorax relatively long; 90 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 mesoscutum usually slightly elongate, con- sparse semierect stiff bristles; anterior mar- vex in lateral view, admedian and parapsidal gin of syntergite tightly attached to apex of lines usually present; scutellum distinctly petiole; anterior margin of S2 usually mod- trapezoidal, anterior scutellar pit usually deep erately excavate; specialized spot on S2 al- and well developed but shorter than scutellar ways distinct, either contiguous with or re- disc, often with longitudinal grooves or ru- mote from anterior margin of S2; apex of gulae on bottom; scutellar disc moderately female metasoma moderately pointed, apical convex, unarmed dorsally, median keel usu- sternite sparsely hairy. ally not developed, lateral keels not devel- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Previous oped, sides of scutellar disc sloping roundly concepts of Mimopria (e.g., Borgmeier, into axillar depression; axillar depression 1939; Masner, 1959) also included the new usually well developed, glabrous or with genus Mimopriella. The two genera are now short, sparse pilosity; mesopleuron predom- distinguished primarily by cephalic character inantly ¯at with shallow oblique declivity states (frons armed in Mimopria, unarmed in medially; dorsellum usually weakly de®ned, Mimopriella), structure of male antenna, dif- without longitudinal keels; dorsellum sepa- ferent type of setae on body (stiff apically rated from propodeum by deep, broad cleft; truncate in Mimopria, decumbent and taper- metapleuron large, ®nely rugulose, usually ing apically in Mimopriella), presence (Mim- only with few scattered hairs, rarely with ®ne opriella) or absence (Mimopria) of metaster- appressed pilosity, metasternum anteriorly nal cleft, and shape of metasoma. Mimopria (immediately posterior to mesocoxa) without in our concept is close to Notoxoides because cleft and without forked furca ventrally; pro- of the armed frons and heavily sculptured podeum elongate, almost as long as high, body. with various sculpture, median keel not de- DISTRIBUTION: Interestingly enough, Mim- veloped, rarely rudimentary, plica at most opria and Notoxoides are restricted in distri- weakly developed; posterior margin of pro- bution to the tropical lowlands of continental podeum either generally rounded, or sharply South America (from Argentina to southern angular and projecting, never produced into Venezuela). Masner (1959) and LoiaÂcono semitransparent laminae; wings primarily de- (1981) keyed Mimopria species in South veloped, forewing distinctly longer than America. body, slightly to strongly infuscate, marginal BIOLOGY: Species of Mimopria were re- cilia extremely short, submarginal vein al- corded associated with ecitonine genera Eci- most straight, relatively short, not exceeding ton, Labidus, and Nomamyrmex (LoiaÂcono, basal third of wing length, marginal vein 1981). Members of Mimopria display a high subtriangular, stigmal vein very rarely devel- degree of adaptive morphology for life with oped, basal vein not developed, wings sec- host ants, such as rugulose sculpture, spe- ondarily missing in many female specimens; cialized setae, lytic alectomy, etc. (Masner, legs remarkably long and slender; femora 1976; Huggert and Masner, 1983). Unlike in and tibiae nonclavate, only slightly progres- Notoxoides the sex ratio is heavily slanted sively incrassate, subcylindrical, all (espe- toward females in Mimopria; in rich CNCI cially hind) tarsi elongate, slightly to strongly material only a few males were found. compressed, apex of anterior tibia without special spine dorsally, anterior tibial spur Mimopriella, new genus short, straight, and bi®d. METASOMA. Pet- Figures 63, 64 iole in dorsal view distinctly elongate, ro- bust, usually subcylindrical, either convex or DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to large-sized ¯attened dorsally, sometimes with longitu- individuals (2.5±4 mm); body in most spe- dinal carinae, in lateral view not curved, of- cies light to dark ferrugineous, partly smooth ten widest in middle, with ®ne dense pilosity and shining, with patches of coriaceous and scattered semierect bristles; metasoma sculpture, rarely entire head, mesosoma and past petiole remarkably short, in lateral view petiole ®nely scaly-rugulose, tegula always only slightly convex dorsally, but strongly smooth; body generally with scattered long convex ventrally; entire syntergite with straight or semidecumbent, tapered bristles; 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 91 foamy structures or hairy cushions not de- pleuron often with ®ne dense pilosity; cervix veloped, sometimes postgena with row of of prothorax relatively long, constriction be- stiff golden pegs; frons unarmed; hypostomal tween head and mesosoma remarkable; me- bridge narrow or con¯uent with occipital soscutum usually slightly wider than long, ¯ange; metasternum anteriorly (behind me- highly convex in lateral view, usually with socoxa) with deep semicircular cleft; propo- parapsidal keels, rarely with parapsidal sulci; deum elongate, distinctly tapering posterior- scutellum distinctly trapezoidal, anterior scu- ly, median keel and plica at most weak or tellar pit usually shallow, slightly transverse, rudimentary, propodeum entirely rugulose, distinctly shorter than scutellar disc, often usually only sparsely hairy, posterior margin with ®ne longitudinal keels, rarely pit sharply of propodeum often sharply projecting, with- margined; scutellar disc moderately convex, out transparent laminae; entire syntergite unarmed dorsally, usually with moderate me- smooth, with evenly scattered semierect yel- dian keel, lateral keels in females usually low bristles. weakly developed, in males moderately de- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head perfectly veloped; axillar depression in females gen- globular, hypognathous, frons unarmed; an- erally not well de®ned, rudimentary or ab- tennal shelf moderate, located in middle of sent; axilla posteriorly sloping down roundly, eye; face elongate or quadrate; eye medium- axillar depression in males usually well de- large, eye height subequal to half of head ®ned and axilla posteriorly sharp; mesopleu- height, eye ovoid, higher than wide, posterior ron in most species strongly convex, rarely orbit straight or slightly sinuate, ommatidia ¯at; dorsellum de®ned, longitudinal keels usually large and convex; temple behind eye usually weak; metapleuron large, coarsely gradually roundly receding; ocelli large and rugulose, usually only with few scattered highly convex; malar sulcus never devel- hairs, rarely with ®ne appressed pilosity; me- oped; mandible bidentate, lower tooth longer tasternum anteriorly (immediately posterior than upper tooth, upper tooth truncate; palpal to mesocoxa) with deep semicircular cleft; formula 5±2; oral carina strongly developed; propodeum remarkably elongate, tapered gena and postgena usually without ®ne pi- posteriorly, entirely rugulose, median keel losity; postgenal cushion never developed, generally weakly developed, at most indicat- but in some species postgena with row of ed only anteriorly, propodeal plica indistinct; strong golden pegs; cheek in frontal view posterolateral corners of propodeum some- nonangular; hypostomal bridge very narrow, times strongly produced; posterior margin on rarely even contiguous with ventral margin propodeum deeply excavate, posterior mar- of occipital ¯ange; occipital ¯ange usually gin not produced into transparent laminae; well developed, broad and steplike, rarely wings primarily developed, forewing dis- absent; female antenna 12-segmented, clava tinctly longer than body, generally slightly semiabrupt, multisegmented (5±7 segments), infuscate in basal third, sometimes bronzy, in clavomeres always subquadrate, noncom- some individuals reduced to stumps; sub- pact, with short pilosity, A12 not enlarged, marginal vein relatively short and running A1 elongate, cylindrical, and rounded api- strongly adjacent to anterior margin of wing; cally; male antenna 14-segmented, A3 and stigmal vein relatively well developed; basal A4 distinctly separate, A3 slightly constrict- vein not developed; legs very long and slen- ed medially with two whorls of verticillate der; hind femur basally slightly compressed bristles, A4 not sexually modi®ed, A4±A13 and curved, apex of all femora with ¯aps, constricted basally, distinctly knotted in dis- hind tibia cylindrical, only shortly attenuate tal part, with one whorl of verticillate hairs basally; tarsi elongate, moderately to strong- each, A7±A12 without special brushes. ME- ly compressed; apex of anterior tibia without SOSOMA. Mesosoma about as high as wide; specialized spine dorsally. METASOMA. pronotal shoulders usually not developed but Petiole distinctly elongate, subcylindrical, sides of pronotum in dorsal view well visi- moderately to distinctly tapered posteriorly, ble; epomium at most rudimentary; propleu- in lateral view slightly curved, without lon- ron and anterior side of pronotum without gitudinal keels, with ®ne dense pilosity and foamy structures or cushion of hairs, pro- with scattered semierect bristles; metasoma 92 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 past petiole often highly campanulate, con- verse than that of Mimopria; consequently, vex dorsally, entire syntergite with scattered we examined numerous species (CNCI) from semierect yellow bristles, syntergite smooth both lowland rainforests and cloud forests of and shining, anterior margin of syntergite in continental South America (Argentina, Bra- lateral view usually elevated and overlapping zil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Surinam, Ven- base of petiole, anterior margin of syntergite ezuela) as well as Central America (Panama, loosely attached to petiole; anterior margin Costa Rica). of S2 deeply excavate, semicircular, permit- BIOLOGY: Members of Mimopriella are ting maximum down-¯ection between petiole closely associated with various ants. LoiaÂ- and S2, specialized spot on S2 usually lo- cono (1981) lists ecitonine genera Nomamyr- cated directly in excavation on anterior mar- mex and Neivamyrmex. We examined speci- gin of S2 (usually not easily visible), or rare- mens collected from colonies of Labidus sp. ly remote from it; apex of female metasoma (Ecitonini) and one species taken in Costa moderately pointed, apical sternite only Rica from a nest of Trachymyrmex opulentus sparsely hairy. (Mann) (Attini). Mimopriella appears mor- TYPE SPECIES: Mimopria pentatoma Borg- phologically less modi®ed than, for example, meier, by present designation. Mimopria, Notoxoides, etc. However wing RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Until alectomy was observed among few individ- now, members of this new genus were clas- uals; individuals are also frequently collected si®ed in Mimopria (Borgmeier, 1939; Mas- in light traps. ner, 1959; LoiaÂcono, 1981). The following species of Mimopria are here transferred to Mitropria Ogloblin Mimopriella (new combinations): M. penta- Figure 67 toma Borgmeier and M. splendens Borg- Mitropria Ogloblin, 1958: 13. meier. The two genera can be easily distin- guished by cephalic character states (head DIAGNOSIS (&(): Minute-sized individuals globular with frons unarmed in Mimopriella (1.1 mm); body light brown, head and me- vs. head subangular with frons armed in sosoma with scattered semidecumbent hairs; Mimopria), differences in palpal formula (5± hairy cushions present, foamy structures not 2 Mimopriella, 3±2 Mimopria), presence developed; frons armed, with several sharp (Mimopriella) or absence (Mimopria) of me- points; female antenna 11-segmented, with tasternal cleft, differences in setae (tapering abrupt 3-segmented clava, male antenna 13- in Mimopriella, stiff and truncate apically in segmented, slightly subclavate, with anten- Mimopria). Generally members of Mimo- nomeres gradually incrassate toward apex; priella exhibit ®ner sculpture and are smaller basal vein in forewing not developed; ante- than members of Mimopria. The two genera rior margin of syntergite straight or weakly are also distinct in shape of metasoma past excised medially. petiole which is highly convex and campan- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal ulate in Mimopriella, and only moderately view slightly elongate, subangular, frons convex in Mimopria. The verticilate ¯agel- armed, with several sharp points; antennal lomeres in males of Mimopriella are similar shelf distinctly projecting, temple distinctly to those in Notoxoides, but distinct from scat- longer than eye; antennal shelf in lateral view tered hairs on ¯agellomeres in Mimopria. distinctly prominent; torulus in level of lower Acanthopria males differ by fused A3-A4, half of eye; eye relatively small, subcircular, and Leucopria males by two whorls of bris- shorter than postgena, only slightly larger tles on A4-A13. than malar space, posterior margin of eye ETYMOLOGY: The name Mimopriella is a rounded, ommatidia rather large and slightly diminutive of Mimopria, implying the gen- convex; oral carina minute; postgenal cush- erally smaller and gracile habitus of members ion present; occipital ¯ange minute; mandi- as compared with more robust members of ble bidentate, distinctly projecting, hypog- Mimopria; the gender is feminine. nathous, mandibular condyle with distinct DISTRIBUTION: The distribution of Mimo- raised rim; clypeus strongly convex; hypos- priella is wider and more ecologically di- tomal bridge well developed, palpal formula 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 93

4±2; female antenna 11-segmented, with ognize at this moment Mitropria as an in- abrupt 3-segmented clava, A1 elongate cylin- dependent genus. drical, not armed apically; male antenna 13- DISTRIBUTION: Mitropria. coronata Oglob- segmented, slightly subclavate, with anten- lin was described from Argentina. We ex- nomeres gradually incrassated toward apex, amined the type material of the above spe- A2 unusually large, A5±A12 transverse, al- cies, as well as an undescribed species from most beadlike, with abundant scattered pilos- Brazil. ity, A13 largest, A4 curved, sexually modi- BIOLOGY: Unknown. ®ed, antennomeres without specialized brushes. MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal Monelata Foerster view weakly developed, pronotal shoulders Figures 68, 69 not developed, sides of pronotum rather ¯at, epomium absent, pronotal cushions strongly Monelata Foerster, 1856: 123, 127. developed; mesoscutum as long as wide, Corynopria Haliday, 1857: 170. Synonymized by only slightly convex, with weak declivities Dalla Torre, 1898b: 598. Streptopria Maneval, 1939: 168. Synonymized by in notaular region, notaulus not clearly de- Masner and Sundholm 1959: 161±168. veloped; anterior scutellar pit rather shallow, subrectangular, shorter than scutellar disc, DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small-sized individuals scutellar disc subcircular, slightly convex, (1±1.5 mm), body generally elongate, body without median keel, posterior margin of ax- color from dark brown (mostly Nearctic spe- illa rounded, axillar depression minute, with cies) to light brown or reddish (mostly Neo- ®ne pilosity, median oblique line of meso- tropical species), with head always darkest, pleuron weakly indicated, sternaulus not pre- body smooth and shining, head and meso- sent; dorsellum weakly developed, with three soma with scattered semierect hairs, body indistinct keels; metapleuron densely hairy; with massive hairy cushions, specialized propodeum rather short, with distinct median dense pilosity, and some foamy structures; keel, plica well developed, area between pli- female antenna 13-segmented, abruptly cla- cae and keel almost glabrous, posterior mar- vate (1-segmented), with A13 remarkably gin of propodeum arcuate; wings relatively enlarged; male antenna 14-segmented, with short, with long marginal cilia; submarginal A4 not sexually modi®ed; cervix of prono- vein distinctly remote from margin, marginal tum densely hairy, massive pronotal and pro- and stigmal vein subtriangular, venation dis- pleural cushions con¯uent into complete tinctly exceeding basal third of wing length, hairy collar ventrally and dorsally; anterior basal vein not developed; hind wing with scutellar pit not developed; metapleuron submarginal vein weakly developed; legs rel- densely covered with appressed pilosity, pi- atively short, femora and tibia clavate distal- losity continuing on metasternum, complete- ly, tarsi not compressed; apex of foretibia ly surrounding hind coxae; petiole entirely dorsally without spine. METASOMA. Peti- covered by dense specialized pilosity of dif- ole only slightly elongate, cylindrical, with ferent types; S2 with large and massive an- dense ®ne pilosity; metasoma past petiole, terior cushion of specialized pilosity. elongate, slightly convex dorsally, anterior DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal margin of syntergite straight or weakly ex- view subglobular, frons unarmed, antennal cised medially; S2 with two hairy depres- shelf relatively large, not margined posteri- sions anterolaterally; apex of metasoma in orly; head in lateral view with antennal shelf female only shortly pointed. considerably projecting, level of torulus in RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Mitro- upper half of eye; eye of various sizes, sub- pria is an intermediate genus between Bas- equal to or larger than malar space, posterior alys and Doliopria; with the former it shares orbit of eye not sinuate; ommatidia rather type of female clava, structure of head and small, not convex; oral carina almost absent; mesosoma; with the latter the absence of bas- postgenal cushion massive, not contiguous al vein as well as 11-segmented female an- either dorsally or ventrally; occipital ¯ange tenna. However the structure of male antenna moderately developed; mandible bidentate; is peculiar to Mitropria. We prefer to rec- hypostomal bridge well developed; palpi 94 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 long and slender, palpal formula 5±2; female veloped but wing often with transverse dark- antenna 13-segmented, abruptly clavate (1- er strip below apex of marginal vein; hind segmented), with A13 remarkably enlarged, wing with distinctly sclerotized submarginal ovoid, without pit ventrally, A5±A10 minute, vein; wings shortened or absent in some un- A1 long, cylindrical, unarmed apically; male described species; legs long and slender, with antenna 14-segmented, antennomeres cylin- femora and tibia distinctly clavate in distal drical, moderately to strongly elongate, with half; apex of foretibia with minute spine dor- moderate to long scattered hairs, A4 not sex- sally, tarsi long and slender, not compressed. ually modi®ed, A3 subequal in length to oth- METASOMA. Petiole distinctly elongate, er segments, distinctly shorter than A1, A1 cylindrical, entirely covered by dense spe- long, cylindrical, unarmed apically, special cialized pilosity of different types, both dor- brushes on A7 to A12 not developed. ME- sally and ventrally, pilosity posterodorsally SOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view moder- partly overlapping anterior margin of synter- ately developed, pronotal shoulders not de- gite; metasoma past petiole distinctly elon- veloped, epomium absent, cervix densely gate, only slightly convex dorsally, anterior hairy, massive pronotal and propleural cush- margin of syntergite straight and generally ions con¯uent into complete hairy collar covered with narrow band of modi®ed pilos- ventrally and dorsally; mesoscutum slightly ity, pilosity continuing ventrally forming un- elongate, only moderately convex to nearly interrupted hairy ring; posterior part of me- ¯at, without lines or depressions; anterior tasoma characteristically subangular with scutellar pit not developed, rarely replaced short, broadly triangular point in female; S2 by very shallow concavity; axilla fused with anteriorly with large and massive cushion of scutellar pit area and scutellar disc in one specialized pilosity. plate; scutellar disc with sides slightly con- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: The verging posteriorly, in one undescribed spe- abundance and different types of pilosity cies with moderated longitudinal keel; pos- make Monelata unique in the Diapriinae. The terior margin of axilla rounded, axillar de- females are easily recognized because of the pression very small, hairy; mesopleuron al- unique structure of the antenna. The males, most ¯at, glabrous, oblique subhorizontal however, were described as a different genus line weakly developed or absent, sternaulus (Maneval, 1939) and only recently properly not developed, ventral side of mesopleuron distinguished from some males of Trichopria (between fore and middle coxae) with ®ne (ϭPhaenopria) (Pschorn-Walcher, 1956); the pilosity; dorsellum weakly developed, with principal difference is in the structure of A4 indistinct keels, metapleuron densely covered and pubescence of propodeum, petiole, and with appressed pilosity; pilosity continuing S2. on metasternum completely surrounding hind DISTRIBUTION: The genus is found both in coxae; propodeum elongate, with distinct North and South America (except in Chile), median keel, keel usually pointed anteriorly with many species still undescribed. or lamellate, keel usually glabrous, adjacent BIOLOGY: Host unknown. Members were plical area also often glabrous, remaining once observed on stable manure (Pschorn- propodeum densely hairy, plica not devel- Walcher, 1956). oped, posterior margin of propodeum mod- erately excavate; forewing rather elongate Myrmecopria Ashmead and narrow, anterior margin sometimes Figures 70, 71, 72 slightly sinuate, apex often truncate to emar- Myrmecopria Ashmead, 1893: 407±446. ginate, marginal cilia remarkably long, in- cluding on anterior margin past marginal DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized individu- vein, microtrichia on disc relatively strong; als (2±2.7 mm), with sexes somewhat similar submarginal vein usually straight, strongly in general appearance; body light colored, approximated to foremargin, long, distinctly honey-yellow to ferrugineous, extent of ru- exceeding basal third of wing length, mar- gulose sculpture distinctly greater in female ginal vein long, keel shape, stigmal vein ab- than in male, body with scattered long sem- sent, anterior margin of basal vein not de- idecumbent golden bristles; foamy structures 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 95 and cushions of hairs not developed; poste- A12 without specialized brushes. MESO- rior ocelli located posterior to ocular zone SOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view with sides (dorsal view); entire head with rough sculp- well visible; pronotal shoulders not devel- ture, irregularly corrugated, especially on oped; epomium absent; mesoscutum as long postgena, posterior temple and occiput, es- as wide, moderately convex; parapsidal lines pecially in female; palpi rudimentary, ex- delicate; tegula smooth; anterior scutellar pit tremely short, not protruding, palpal formula small and shallow, shorter than scutellar disc, appearing 1±0; petiole in dorsal view dis- with several longitudinal ridges between ax- tinctly campanulate; apex of tibiae, especial- illa and scutellar disc; scutellar disc relatively ly fore and mid with strongly projecting large, semicircular, moderately convex, at spine on inner side; tibial spurs rudimentary, most with delicate median longitudinal keel, formula 1±1±1; tarsi, especially fore and lateral keel of disc weakly de®ned; posterior mid, remarkably short, compressed, almost margin of axilla roundly sloping down; ax- foliaceous; petiole robust, broadly campan- illar depression small but deep; mesopleuron ulate. distinctly convex, subrectangular, with dis- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal tinct oblique submedian line; dorsellum view slightly elongate, widest across poste- weakly de®ned; metapleuron almost gla- rior temples; temple behind eye straight, brous, entirely ®nely rugulose, with massive moderately diverging posteriorly; antennal deep excavation along anterior margin; an- shelf relatively large, deep, sharply margined terior margin of propodeum with broad trans- posteriorly, especially in female, frons armed verse cleft; propodeum in dorsal view rela- with three moderate projections; posterior tively long, entirely rugulose, median keel ocelli located posterior to ocular zone (dorsal variable, from distinct to almost absent, plica view); head in lateral view with antennal usually absent, rarely delicate, posterior mar- shelf in upper half of eye; eye relatively gin of propodeum sharp bladelike, with deep small, with posterior orbit not sinuate, eye median V-shaped excision; wings primarily slightly shorter or subequal to postgena, present, forewing relatively long and narrow, higher than malar space; ommatidia large below stigmal vein with only slight infusca- and convex, raspberry-like, each ommatidi- tion in basal vein area, with moderately long um subequal in size to ocellus; entire head marginal cilia widely exceeding metasoma; with rough sculpture, irregularly corrugated, stigmal vein distinctly developed; legs long especially on postgena, posterior temple and and strong, hind coxa robust, distinctly elon- occiput, especially in female; mandible bi- gate, femora subclavate, distinctly constrict- dentate, slender, with both teeth long and ed basally, middle tibia distinctly arcuate, pointed, lower tooth longer, with upper tooth hind tibia remarkably compressed anteriorly, not truncate; epistomal sulcus indicated ba- in lateral view hind tibia with subparallel sally; palpi rudimentary, extremely short, not sides, tibial spurs rudimentary, formula 1±1± protruding, palpal formula appearing 1±0; 1, apices of tibiae with strongly projecting oral carina moderate; head in ventral view spine on inner side; pustulae present on fore with hypostomal bridge moderate, well de- and mid femora ventrally; tarsi, especially ®ned; occipital ¯ange rudimentary, indicated fore and mid, remarkably short, compressed, by irregular rugulosity; female antenna 11- almost foliaceous, fore and mid tarsi mod- segmented, clava indistinct, 5±6-segmented, erately to distinctly transverse; claws rela- with moderate gaps, progressively incrassate, tively small. METASOMA. Petiole in dorsal A11 largest; A1 (&() robust, cylindrical, not view robust, broadly campanulate, entirely armed apically, with scattered pustules; male ®nely rugulose, without keels, strongly con- antenna 14-segmented, A14 ovoid, subequal stricted anteriorly, in lateral view subtrian- in size to A13, apical half of antenna with gular (especially in female), expanding pos- beadlike segments, A3 distinctly elongate, teroventrally, petiole in ventral view with rest of antenna with almost beadlike seg- median deep excavation ¯anked laterally by ments, A3 and A4 sexually modi®ed, with two sharp keels, posterior apex of petiole sharply pointed carina on external apical cor- strongly necklike constricted; metasoma past ner, with scattered semidecumbent hairs, A7± petiole smooth, in lateral view considerably 96 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 convex both dorsally and ventrally, entire carinate; S2 produced ventrally, with dense syntergite with scattered semidecumbent se- tuft of hairs at meson. tae; anterior margin of S2 with ¯exed trans- DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal parent rim, specialized spot not developed. view subhexagonal, slightly transverse, frons RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Myrme- medially with sharp keel, antennal shelf rath- copria is peculiar in several character states: er large, not completely margined posterior- remarkably reduced palpi, presence of strong ly; temple behind eye remarkably short; oc- spine projection on inner apices of tibiae, and ciput abruptly sloping down behind posterior reduction of tibial spurs with unique formula ocelli; head in lateral view with antennal 1±1±1. The tarsi are one of the most com- shelf distinctly protruding, level of torulus in pressed among all myrmecophilic genera. middle of eye; eye remarkably large, distinct- Myrmecopria is related to Apopria, Ecito- ly higher than long, larger than half of head vagus, and Townesella; from Apopria it dif- height, distinctly larger than malar space, fers by the presence of eyes and structure of posterior orbit of eye almost straight; om- petiole; from Ecitovagus principally by no- matidia large, highly convex, raspberry-like; nelevated anterior lobe of mesoscutum, dif- sculpture of head rough rugulose, almost cor- ferent shape of propodeum, 11-segmented rugated, especially on postgena; strong keel antenna, and from Townesella by armed running from OOL area down on temple and frons, with deeply margined antennal shelf postgena, reaching almost malar area; OOL and corrugated sculpture of head. subequal to LOL; oral carina well developed; DISTRIBUTION: The only known species, occipital ¯ange rudimentary but steplike; Myrmecopria mellea (Ashmead), is recorded head in frontal view with face slightly wider from Southeastern USA, east of Mississippi, than higher, mandible bidentate, teeth sube- Florida to North Carolina. qual, sharply pointed; clypeus relatively well BIOLOGY: Myrmecopria mellea is associ- indicated by depressions in epistomal area; ated with Neivamyrmex opacithorax (Emery) head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge and N. carolinense (Emery) (Masner, 1964). present; palpi very short, palpal formula 3± Majority of specimens were caught in light 2; antenna 12-segmented, with indistinct traps. Wing allectomy was observed in two nondifferentiated multisegmented clava (6±7 females collected in raid column of N. car- segments), A12 subequal to A11 in size, cla- olinense in Alabama. vomeres with narrow gaps; A1 robust, cylin- drical, unarmed apically, but with rather Neivapria Borgmeier sharp rim. MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal Figure 73 view relatively well developed, pronotal shoulders not developed, entire side of pron- Neivapria Borgmeier, 1939: 543. otum remarkably rugulose, epomium strong- DIAGNOSIS (&): Medium-sized individuals ly developed, bladelike sharp; mesoscutum (2 mm); body light-colored, honey yellow, slightly longer than wide, distinctly convex, highly shining, with only very sparse semi- parapsidal and admedial lines not developed; decumbent pale hairs; foamy structures and tegula well developed; anterior scutellar pit cushions of hairs not developed, but few ar- subcircular, relatively small and shallow, eas of dense pilosity occur; sculpture of head shorter than scutellar disc; scutellar disc re- rough rugulose, almost corrugated, especially markably subcircular, lateral keels not devel- on postgena; strong keel running from OOL oped, sides sloping round into axillar depres- area down on temple and postgena, almost sion; posterior margin of axilla perfectly reaching malar area; occiput abruptly sloping rounded, axillar depression small, nonexca- down behind posterior ocelli; entire side of vate under axilla; mesopleuron distinctly ¯at, pronotum remarkably rugulose, epomium subrectangular, oblique submedian line ®ne; strongly developed, bladelike sharp; scutellar dorsellum well de®ned with sharps keels, disc strongly subcircular; metapleuron re- middle keel bladelike; metapleuron remark- markably smooth, mirrorlike shining and gla- ably smooth, mirrorlike shining and gla- brous; median part of petiole with transverse brous, with sharp keel on ventral margin; scalelike node, with posterior margin sharply propodeum subquadrate, bunlike, median 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 97 keel moderate or absent, plica not developed DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium to very large- but sides of propodeum sharply carinate, sur- sized individuals (3.5 to 6.5 mm) with sexes face of propodeum predominantly smooth, considerably dimorphic (note separate de- posterior margin of propodeum moderately scriptions of sexes below); body predomi- arcuate, very sharp, propodeum in lateral nantly light to dark ferrugineous, entirely view convex, not sloping, ¯attened dorsally; sculptured and matte (including tegula) or wings primarily developed but lost in all partly sculptured and partly shining; sculp- specimens examined; legs long and strong, ture of males generally ®ner, with large parts coxae strong, hind coxa pear-shaped, femora of head and mesosoma smooth; body gen- moderately clavate, tarsi only moderately erally with scattered long semidecumbent compressed. METASOMA. Petiole highly bristles; foamy structures or hairy cushions modi®ed, strongly necklike constricted an- not developed; head in female in lateral view teriorly and posteriorly, median part with characteristically topped, eye distinctly transverse scalelike node, posterior margin smaller in relation to large gena; frons sharply carinate, petiole in lateral view high- armed; female pronotum anterodorsally with er than long, with deep horizontal cleft at hump or horn, in male with sharp margin and meson; metasoma past petiole highly convex epomial carina; metasternum (between mid dorsally and ventrally, anterior margin of and hind coxae) usually with strong furca; syntergite sloping roundly to petiole, ecari- stigmal vein unusually long and slanted; fe- nate; S2 produced ventrally, with dense tuft male tarsi strongly compressed. of hairs at meson, specialized spot not visi- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal ble. view strongly tapered behind eyes, with oc- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Neiva- ciput and temples very long, head hypog- pria is recognized by the following peculiar nathous, frons armed with three projections, character states: general shape of head (oc- middle projection often blade like, head in ciput, postgenal keel, sculpture), sculpture of lateral view characteristically topped, eye, metapleuron, shape of petiole, and tuft of ocelli and antennal shelf located very high hairs on S2. Neivapria resembles Asolenop- on forehead, eyes relatively small and post- sia in some cephalic character states; how- gena distinctly large; antennal shelf large, ever it remains a rather isolated genus be- with anterior margin sharply projecting, cause of many peculiarities. bladelike; torulus located in upper half of MALE: Unknown. eye; eye height distinctly shorter than ½ head DISTRIBUTION: We examined two species height, eye ovoid, posterior orbit usually from Brazil (including paratype of N. peni- straight, ommatidia usually large and con- cillata Borgmeier). vex; ocelli large and semiconvex; malar sul- BIOLOGY: Numerous females of N. peni- cus not developed, malar space usually rel- cillata were collected from columns of Nei- atively large; mandible bidentate, with lower vamyrmex minensis (Borgmeier). Borgmeier tooth longer, sometimes mandible unequal, (1939) assumed that N. penicillata is primar- rarely one mandible subtridentate; palpi al- ily (hereditary) apterous; however, the tegula ways short, palpal formula 3±2 or 4±2; oral is normally developed and stumps of wings carina moderately developed; gena and post- indicate secondary loss of wings due to lytic gena almost glabrous, rarely with patches of alectomy. pilosity; postgenal cushion never developed, cheek in frontal view nonangular; hyposto- Notoxoides Ashmead mal bridge relatively narrow; occipital ¯ange Figures 74, 75, 76 always present but usually nonabrupt or only moderately steplike; female antenna usually Notoxoides Ashmead, 1903: 30. 11-segmented, rarely 12-segmented, clava Notoxopria Kieffer, 1910b: 39. Synonymized by Masner, 1977: 33±36. multisegmented (5±6 segments), semiabrupt, Philolestes Kieffer, 1922: 205. Synonymized by cylindrical, clavomeres usually slightly trans- Masner, 1977: 33±36. verse, noncompact, rarely almost beadlike, Psilogasteroides BreÁthes, 1911: 209±210. NEW apical clavomere slightly more enlarged than SYNONYMY (described in Chalcidoidea). preceding clavomere, A1 elongate, cylindri- 98 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 cal, rounded apically; male antenna 14-seg- ole distinctly elongate, robust, usually sub- mented, A4 not modi®ed, A4-A13 with one cylindrical, always convex dorsally, often whorl of verticillate bristles. MESOSOMA. with transverse knot posteriorly, in lateral Mesosoma moderately to distinctly higher view strongly sloping down posteriorly in than wide; pronotum anteromedially pro- front of syntergite; metasoma past petiole in duced into hump or cylindrical horn, apex of lateral view only slightly convex dorsally, horn often slightly notched medially, horn moderately to strongly convex ventrally, en- often overlapping occiput, or horn not de- tire syntergite with sparse semierect bristles, veloped but pronotal shoulders approximated syntergite often partly to entirely sculptured and angularly projecting; epomium not de- and matte, anterior margin of syntergite veloped; propleuron and anterior sides of tightly attached to base of petiole; anterior pronotum without foamy structures or cush- margin of S2 moderately to deeply excavate, ions of hairs, rarely anterodorsal part of rim either complete or broadly effaced me- pronotum with dense pilosity; cervix of pro- dially; specialized spot on S2 usually located thorax relatively short; mesoscutum distinct- in wall of anterior margin of S2, rarely re- ly elongate, parapsidal lines or impressions mote from anterior margin; apex of metaso- often developed, mesoscutum often with lon- ma moderately pointed, apical sternite only gitudinal impression anteromedially; scutel- sparsely hairy. lum distinctly trapezoidal, anterior scutellar DESCRIPTION ((): Males differ from fe- pit moderately deep, often with irregular lon- males in following characters: head usually gitudinal keels, pit shorter than scutellar disc; subglobular, frons with only median process, scutellar disc moderately to distinctly con- keel-like, eye generally large, occipital ¯ange vex, subcircular, pillow-shaped, unarmed well developed, fairly steplike, irregularly ru- dorsally, median keel not developed, lateral gulose; palpal formula 5±2; postgena usually keels usually delicate, rarely sharp; axillar with dense pilosity; antenna 14-segmented, depression moderately to well developed; long and slender, A3 with two whorls of bris- mesopleuron rather ¯at, usually with deep tles, A4±A13 with one whorl of bristles on oblique submedial declivity, lower half of distal knot or multiple bristles on knot; me- mesopleuron rarely with dense horizontal sosoma less compressed; pronotum without striate; dorsellum well de®ned, with longi- distinct hump or horn anterodorsally, but tudinal keels, dorsellum separated from pro- with sharply raised margin or with humped podeum by deep cleft; metapleuron large, ru- shoulders, sharp epomial carina descending gulose, without ®ne pilosity, separated dor- down pronotal sides, anterodorsal corner of sally from propodeum by deep horizontal de- pronotal sides with distinct irregular striae or clivity, declivity rarely absent; metasternum rugulose sculpture; lateral keels of scutellar (between mid and hind coxae) usually with disc generally better developed; metasternal deeply bifurcate projection, furca closely furca usually less developed or reduced to ¯anked by middle and hind coxae, rarely fur- simple hump; metapleuron and sides of pro- ca not developed; propodeum relatively podeum with ®ne pilosity, median propodeal short, highly topped, median keel usually not keel and plica well developed; legs generally developed, plica at most rudimentary, pro- more slender, tarsi only moderately com- podeum without ®ne pilosity, posterior mar- pressed; petiole cylindrical, usually with lon- gin of propodeum usually sharp, posterolat- gitudinal keels or rugosity and rather abun- eral corners often projecting; wings primarily dant pilosity; syntergite with scattered bris- developed, distinctly longer than body, clear tles only on posterior half; anterior margin of or slightly infuscate, with arc of infuscations S2 with uninterrupted sharp margin; special- below marginal vein, stigmal vein unusually ized spot on S2 not visible. long, ®ngerlike, bent obliquely, wings sec- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Origi- ondarily missing in some individuals; legs nally the sexes of this genus were treated un- long and strong, femora and tibiae noncla- der two generic names, males as Notoxoides, vate, subcylindrical, tarsi strongly com- females as Notoxopria. Masner (1976) syn- pressed; apex of anterior tibia without spe- onymized Notoxopria and Philolestes with cialized spine dorsally. METASOMA. Peti- Notoxoides. Notoxoides is unique among re- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 99 lated ecitophilic genera, principally in shape edges; epomium developed; dorsum of pro- of female head, and armature of pronotum podeum in lateral view mostly subhorizontal, and metasternum. Notoxoides shares armed with median keel strongly projecting, spike- frons with Mimopria, Philolestoides, Ecito- like; coxae remarkably short, subcircular. vagus, and Myrmecopria; from Mimopria it DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal differs by long slender stigmal vein and lack view subglobular; frons unarmed; antennal of stiff bristles on the body; from Philoles- shelf developed, carinate anteriorly; head in toides principally by head behind eyes with lateral view with torulus in lower half of eye; long temples and long occiput. The present eye relatively small, short oval, subequal to diagnosis of Notoxoides includes an extra- malar space, ommatidia moderately large; limital new species from Brazil (Bahia; oral carina not projecting anteriorly; postgen- CNCI), with 12-segmented antenna in fe- al cushion not developed; occipital ¯ange not male, pronotal horn replaced by approximat- developed; head in frontal view subcircular; ed humped pronotal shoulders, median keel mandible short, subtridentate; head in ventral of propodeum well developed, etc. view with hypostomal bridge extremely nar- DISTRIBUTION: The present known distri- row, reduced almost to point; palpi extremely bution of the genus is restricted to lowland short, palpal formula 2±1; female antenna rainforests of continental South America. Six short, stout, 12-segmented with nonabrupt species were described (Mann, 1923; Borg- spindle-shaped 6-segmented clava; clavo- meier, 1939; LoiaÂcono, 1981; Kistner and meres subcompact, moderately ¯attened ven- Davis, 1989); we examined several undes- trally, A12 longest, with no ventral pit; male cribed species from South America. LoiaÂ- antenna threadlike, 14-segmented, A3±A14 cono (1981) keyed Neotropical species. with scattered long, nonwhorled, semierect BIOLOGY: Members of Notoxoides display hairs; A4 not modi®ed. MESOSOMA. Me- some of the most advanced associations with sosoma relatively short, stout; pronotum dor- ants. So far, ants of genus Neivamyrmex and sally strongly developed (laterad mesoscu- Eciton (Ecitonini) were recorded as hosts tum), with massive subangular shoulders and (LoiaÂcono, 1981). Detailed biological study sharp edges distinctly raised above adjacent was published by Kistner and Davis (1989). margins of mesoscutum; epomium devel- Adult wasps are frequently collected in light oped; side of pronotum with no hairy cush- traps. Wings may be lost to lytical alectomy ion along anterior margin; propleuron with as indicated by shrivelled wing rudiments in ®ne pilosity; mesoscutum distinctly wider some specimens. than long, remarkably ¯attened, admedian and paraspidal lines not developed, humeral Omopria, new genus and suprahumeral sulci moderately devel- Figure 77 oped; anterior scutellar pit shallow, trans- versely oval, subequal in size to axilla, dis- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small-sized individuals tinctly shorter than scutellar disc; scutellar (1.7 mm), short and robust; body chestnut disc ¯attened dorsally, subrectangular, with brown, legs and antennae distinctly lighter; no lateral keels, lateral or posterior pits ab- body predominantly smooth and shining; sent; posterior margin of axilla sharp; axillar head and mesosoma with scattered, straight, depression large, smooth, with only scattered strong hairs, hairs truncate apically; hairy pilosity; mesopleuron almost ¯at, median cushions and foamy structures not devel- oblique line rudimentary; sternaulus not de- oped; female antenna 12-segmented, clava veloped; posterior margin of mesopleuron spindle-shaped, nonabrupt, multisegmented, noncrenulate; metanotum relatively broad, subcompact, clavomeres transversely rectan- smooth, and glabrous; dorsellum with three gular, with very narrow gaps; male antenna irregular keels; metapleuron not distinctly 14-segmented, A3±A13 slightly longer than excavate anteriorly, rugose, with ®ne pilosi- wide, ovoid, with scattered nonwhorled ty; propodeum relatively short and broad, semierect hairs, A4 not modi®ed; pronotum dorsum of propodeum in lateral view mostly dorsally strongly developed (laterad mesos- subhorizontal, with median keel strongly cutum), with massive shoulders and sharp projecting, spikelike, posterolateral corners 100 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 bluntly projecting, posterior margin of pro- ing petiole light brown, tegula, antenna, and podeum excavate, semicircular; nucha short, legs including coxae yellowish brown; fore- smooth and glabrous; forewing relatively wing with very slight infuscation; head, most short, almost spoonlike, with long stiff bris- of mesosoma and metasoma past petiole tles between tegula and marginal vein, with smooth and shining. HEAD. Head in dorsal moderate marginal cilia; wing venation not view transverse, wider than long (41:34); eye exceeding basal third of wing length, sub- longer than temple (14:10); head in lateral marginal vein not upcurved, marginal vein view slightly higher than long (39:34); eye wedgelike, stigmal vein shortly oblique, no as large as malar space (12:12); antennal seg- other vein present; hind wing with submar- ments in relative proportions (25:7), (10:5), ginal vein incomplete; legs relatively short (7:5), (7:5.5), (6:6), (6:7), (6:8.5), (7:10), (7: and stout, coxae remarkably short, subcircu- 10), (7:10), (7:10), (13:9). MESOSOMA. lar; hind femur shortly clavate, hind tibia Mesosoma in relative proportions length: moderately clubbed; tarsi not distinctly com- width:height (70:45:41); cervix with irregu- pressed; apex of foretibia without specialized lar longitudinal rugulosity; shoulders of spine dorsally. METASOMA. Metasoma pronotum with several stiff bristles and few short and robust; petiole short and stalky, shorter appressed hairs: mesoscutum broadly wider than long; metasoma past petiole dis- transverse, wider than long (37:26), with two tinctly ¯attened dorsally; anterior margin of pairs of stiff setae; axilla with two pairs of syntergite only slightly wider than petiole, stiff bristles in extreme corners; scutellar disc not notched medially; apex of female meta- with two pairs of stiff bristles at sides; pro- soma short and triangular; base of S2 without podeum dorsally and at sides with ®ne ru- specialized pit. gulose sculpture and with dense pilosity es- TYPE SPECIES: Omopria brevipalpis, new pecially at sides; apex of marginal vein with species (described below), by present desig- two long tapered bristles; venation in fore- nation. wing not exceeding basal third of wing RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Omo- length (40:120). METASOMA. Petiole short, pria is unique among all genera of the Dia- cylindrical, wider than long (13:10), with priinae for highly apomorphic structure of short dense pilosity dorsally and with pair of pronotal shoulders. It could be compared long bristles laterally; syntergite smooth, with Acanthopria, from which it differs pri- marily by absence of foamy structures and shining, glabrous, without micropunctures; strongly reduced palpi, in males also by non- S2 with long, dense, semiappressed hairs. whorled ¯agellum with A3 and A4 clearly MALE: Differs from female principally in separated. Omopria shares some similarity antennal structure; antennal segments in rel- with Szelenyiopria particularly in structure of ative proportions (25:7), (9:6), (12:5.5), (13: propodeum and presence of stiff, truncate se- 5.5), (11:6), (11:6), (10:5.5), (10:5.5), (10: tae on head and mesosoma. 5.5), (10:6), (10:6), (10:6), (10:6), (14:5). ETYMOLOGY: From omos (Greek) meaning TYPE MATERIAL:11&(. Holotype, & ``shoulder'', and pria (Latin) meaning ``little (CNCI no. 22458), BRAZIL, Guanabara, wasp''; the gender is feminine. Represa Rio Grande, March 1972, F.H. Oliv- DISTRIBUTION: At present we recognize the eira. Allotype, (, same data as holotype (A3 single species, Omopria brevipalpis, new and A4 of right antenna partly fused dorsal- species, from Brazil and Argentina. ly). Paratypes, 1&, same data as holotype, BIOLOGY: The host is unknown; however, January 1968, M. Alvarenga; 1(, same as judging by general habitus and color of the holotype, December 1967; 1&1(, Mato body, specialized pilosity, and reduced palpi, Grosso, Sinop, December 1975, M. Alvar- we presume a possible association with ants. enga, MT; 1&, Districto Federal, Brasilia, R.L. Vianna, IBGE, Res. April 14±20, 1983; Omopria brevipalpis, new species 1&1(, Londrina, Mata dos Godoy, January Figure 77 28±31, 1990, S.A. Marshall, PT; 2(, AR- DESCRIPTION: Holotype &: Length 1.7 mm; GENTINA, Rio Ceballos, January 24, 1974, body dark chestnut brown; metasoma includ- I. Redol®. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 101

ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet refers to moderately to strongly developed; propleu- its unusually short palpi. ron and anterior sides of pronotum without DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Brazil. foamy structures or cushions of hairs; me- BIOLOGY: Unknown. soscutum moderately elongate, parapsidal VARIATION: In spite of considerable distri- lines sometimes developed, mesoscutum bution, very little variation was encountered; convex in lateral view; scutellum distinctly some males were slightly smaller than the trapezoidal, anterior scutellar pit rather deep, allotype; some individuals (&() have indi- rarely with longitudinal keels on bottom, cation of ®ne horizontal striae on the side of shorter than scutellar disc; scutellar disc sub- pronotum, better developed than in the ho- circular, with median longitudinal keel pre- lotype. sent or absent, with lateral keels more or less developed; axillar depression relatively Philolestoides FerrieÁre small; axilla rounded posteriorly; mesopleu- Figure 84 ron rather ¯at, moderately concave, subme- dian oblique line well developed, lower por- Philolestoides FerrieÁre, 1929: 160. tion of mesopleuron (between fore and me- DIAGNOSIS (&): Medium-sized individuals dial coxa) with zone of matte granular sculp- (about 3 mm); body light brown to ferrugin- ture, upper part of mesopleuron smooth and eous, partly or predominantly sculptured, te- shining; dorsellum well developed, with gula smooth; body with scattered yellowish three longitudinal keels; metapleuron almost pilosity; foamy structures or hairy cushions glabrous, rugulose, with deep depression an- not developed; head subangular, entire sur- terodorsally; propodeum remarkably short face of head irregularly corrugated; frons and small, steeply sloping down, median keel armed with three projections; antennal shelf and plica moderately to strongly developed; relatively large, sharply margined posterior- wings primarily developed, forewing dis- ly; eye orbit often bordered by depression or tinctly longer than body, clear or slightly in- raised keels; propodeum remarkably short fuscate, stigmal vein moderately to distinctly and small, steeply sloping down. elongate; wings may be absent in some in- DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head subangu- dividuals (alectomy); legs distinctly strong, lar, hypognathous, frons armed with three femora and tibiae nonclavate, cylindrical, tar- projections, entire surface of head irregularly si, especially fore and middle legs, very corrugated, face distinctly higher than wide, short, strongly compressed, almost folia- sometimes with median longitudinal keel; ceous; apex of anterior tibia without special- eye rather large, higher than wide, more or ized spine dorsally; METASOMA. Petiole in less tapering ventrally, orbit often bordered dorsal view distinctly elongate, without lon- by depression or raised keels; ommatidia gitudinal keels, in lateral view (2 species) usually large; ocelli normal; mandible biden- strongly compressed, with strong ventral tate, with lower tooth longer; palpal formula keel, rarely (1 species) cylindrical; metasoma 5±2; oral carina developed, gena and post- past petiole in lateral view only moderately gena glabrous; postgenal cushion not devel- convex (1 species) or ¯at, entire syntergite oped; cheek in frontal view nonangular but with scattered semidecumbent bristles, syn- distinctly bulging; hypostomal bridge mod- tergite posteriorly partly sculptured (2 spe- erately developed; occipital ¯ange rather re- cies) or entirely smooth (1 species); special- duced; antennal shelf relatively large sharply ized spot on S2 distinctly remote from an- margined posteriorly; antenna 12-segmented, terior margin of S2. clava multisegmented (6 segments), semia- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Philo- brupt, cylindrical, clavomeres slightly to lestoides is distinct among ecitophilic genera clearly transverse, subrectangular, noncom- because of the rough corrugated surface of pact, A12 slightly enlarged; A1 elongate, cy- head and orbit of eye bordered by depression lindrical, rounded apically. MESOSOMA. or raised keels. Two of the three species stud- Mesosoma moderately to distinctly higher ied show highly modi®ed petiole, strongly than wide; pronotum anteromedially with compressed, and with raised keel ventrally. moderate to strong shoulders; epomium The third species from Banhados (Brazil) has 102 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 plain cylindrical petiole. Philolestoides can torial pits absent; hypostomal bridge devel- be compared with Notoxoides, Mimopria, oped; palpi very short, formula appearing 2: and Ecitovagus primarily because of armed 1; female antenna 12-segmented, A1 long, frons and structure of antennal shelf. From cylindrical, clava nonabrupt and 4-segment- Notoxoides it differs by absence of horn on ed; male antenna 14-segmented, A1 remark- pronotum; from Mimopria by short high pro- ably swollen, subtriangular and concave ven- podeum; and from Ecitovagus by structure of trally, A3 modi®ed as sex segment, large, propodeum and absence of hump on mesos- with apical projection ventrally, A4±A13 cutum. subcircular, with short nonverticillate hairs, MALE: Unknown. A14 moderately elongate. MESOSOMA. DISTRIBUTION: We studied three species Pronotum in dorsal view moderately devel- collected in lowland Brazil. oped, pronotal shoulders not developed, an- BIOLOGY: Philolestoides wasmanni Ferri- terior margin of pronotum and propleuron eÁre is associated with Neivamyrmex legionis with ®ne dense pilosity; sides of pronotum (Smith) (LoiaÂcono, 1981). The species from ¯at, epomium not developed; mesoscutum Banhados (CNCI) was collected by light ¯attened dorsally, with no sulci or lines; trap. Absence of wings is reported in P. was- transscutal articulation present but ®ne; te- manni (FerrieÁre, 1929). gula strongly reduced; scutellum subrectan- gular, ¯attened, without pits; axilla and ax- Platymischus Westwood illar depression absent; mesopleuron ¯at, Figures 90, 91 submedian oblique line shallow, rudimenta- ry; epicnemial pit and sternaulus absent; dor- Platymischus Westwood, 1832: 128. sellum absent; metapleuron entirely covered Planopriella Kieffer, 1912: 4, 48. Synonymized by Pschorn-Walcher, 1957: 58±88. by dense silvery pilosity; propodeum rather large, ¯attened dorsally, in lateral view pro- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small-sized individuals podeum in same level of mesoscutum, me- (1±2 mm); body color dark brown to black dial keel and plica absent, posterior margin with lighter appendages, body predominantly and posterolateral corners of propodeum smooth, with scattered pilosity including en- rounded, not projecting, sides of propodeum tire syntergite, no distinct cushions of hairs with dense pilosity; wings entirely absent; but dense pilosity (especially on propodeum legs short and stout, especially all femora; and petiole); foamy structures not developed; apex of anterior tibia with strong spine dor- head in dorsal and lateral view distinctly sally, male forebasitarsus remarkably ex- elongate, frons and antennal shelf projecting panded distally; tarsi of all legs cylindrical, forward; eyes remarkably small; ocelli ab- not compressed. METASOMA. Petiole in sent; female clava nonabrupt, 4-segmented; dorsal view subquadrate, slightly wider than male A1 remarkably swollen subtriangular long, densely hairy, without longitudinal and concave ventrally, A3 modi®ed as sex keels, in lateral view petiole slightly higher segment; wings entirely absent; apex of an- than anterior margin of syntergite; anterior terior tibia with strong spine dorsally. margin of syntergite wider than petiole; en- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal tire syntergite and S2 with dense semierect view distinctly elongate, subpentagonal; pilosity; anterior margin of S2 broadly ex- frons unarmed; antennal shelf strongly pro- cavate and with dense pilosity; apex of me- jecting forward, not margined posteriorly; tasoma in female with only short point. eye remarkably small, projecting laterally; RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: In the ocelli absent; head in lateral view longer than male sex, Platymischus is readily distin- high, frons and antennal shelf projecting for- guished from Trichopria largely because of ward; oral carina not developed; postgenal the specialized shape of A1 and the position cushion absent; occiput rounded, not step- of sex segment on A3; also, the expanded like, occipital ¯ange reduced to rim; head in forebasitarsus is unique in Platymischus. frontal view with face slightly wider than However, in female sex, Platymischus is high; mandible large, bidentate; epistomal rather dif®cult to separate from some apter- sulcus well impressed; malar sulcus and ten- ous members of Trichopria; the elongate and 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 103 somewhat ¯attened subpentagonal head with ner orbit than to one another, not connected small but projecting eyes in Platymischus is by carina; ocelli normal; head in lateral view the main distinguishing character between with torulus distinctly in upper level of eye; the two genera. eye relatively small, subcircular, ommatidia DISTRIBUTION: The only known species, relatively large; oral carina not developed; Platymischus dilatatus Westwood, is amphi- postgenal cushion absent; malar space rela- Atlantic in the Northern Hemisphere (Swe- tively large, subequal to eye height; episto- den, England, Germany, Netherlands, mal sulcus slightly indicated basally; malar France, Canada, USA). In 1978, Dr. S. Mar- sulcus indicated at most as shallow declivity; shall (University of Guelph, Canada) discov- labrum narrowly exposed; mandible biden- ered this species in wrack beds on shores of tate, not projecting, clasped; hypostomal New Brunswick (St. Andrews). We also ex- bridge reduced to narrow septum; palpal for- amined specimens from the shores of Maine mula 5:2; female antenna 11-segmented, and New Hampshire (USA). long and slender, with all segments distinctly BIOLOGY: Specialized inhabitant of wrack elongate, clava usually weakly de®ned to al- beds on rocky shores in the intertidal zone. most absent, rarely 1-segmented (A11), A11 Hosts in Europe are kelp-eating ¯ies (Dip- largest, with or without pit ventrally; male tera) of the family Coelopidae (e.g., Coelopa antenna 14-segmented, remarkably long and Meigen) (Baudoin, 1949, 1952), and Sepsi- slender, with short to long nonverticillate pi- dae (Orygma luctuosa Meigen) (Backlund, losity, A4 at most moderately arcuate, with- 1945; Nixon, 1980). out longitudinal keel. MESOSOMA. Prono- tum in dorsal view almost invisible except Psychopria, new genus for well developed cervical part, shoulders Figures 92, 93, 94a, 94 entirely absent, sides of pronotum almost ¯at, with no hairy cushion but sometimes DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to very small- with small clusters of foamy structures along sized (0.7±1.5 mm) gracile individuals with anterior margins; epomium not developed; remarkably elongate appendages; body usu- mesoscutum about as long as wide, moder- ally dark to light brown, predominantly ately to considerably convex; parapsidal lines smooth, remarkably hairy, either with long and anterior parallel lines not developed; hu- semidecumbent bristles and/or dense minute meral and suprahumeral sulci not developed; appressed pilosity at least on head, some- anterior scutellar pit small and shallow, times also on meso- and metasoma, cushions sometimes reduced to two narrow deep slits of hairs absent, foamy structures present on located at sides or eventually absent, pit dis- propleuron, sometimes on metasternum, ax- tinctly shorter than scutellar disc; scutellar illar depressions, and posterolaterally on pet- disc only moderately convex, subrectangular, iole; head subglobose, moderately wider than without median keel, with sides rounded, long; antennal shelf not developed, toruli with no lateral or posterior pits; posterior usually wide apart, usually closer to inner or- margin of axilla rounded; axillar depression bit than to one another, not connected by ca- small; mesopleuron moderately convex, me- rina; hypostomal bridge reduced to narrow dian oblique depression almost inconspicu- septum; wings remarkably long and narrow, ous; sternaulus absent; longitudinal keels on almost paddle-shaped, marginal cilia ex- dorsellum weakly developed or absent; pro- tremely long, subequal to wing width, frenal podeum with median keel usually moderately gutter distinctly angularly projecting; foreti- developed, keel rarely raised in anterior part, bia with distinct specialized spine dorsally; plica moderately developed; metapleuron apical tarsomere distinctly enlarged with and side of propodeum only sparsely hairy strong claws, especially in females. or glabrous; metasternum sometimes with DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal foamy structures; forewing remarkably long view subglobose, moderately wider than and narrow, almost paddle-shaped, largely long, frons unarmed, occipital ¯ange narrow, surpassing tip of metasoma, marginal cilia complete; antennal shelf not developed, to- extremely long, subequal to wing width, fre- ruli usually wide apart, usually closer to in- nal gutter distinctly angularly projecting, 104 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

marginal vein distinctly elongate, wedge- BIOLOGY: Psychopria hoguei was reared shaped, stigmal vein not developed, basal from pupae of Maruina sp. (Diptera; Psy- vein indicated sometimes by nebulous streak; chodidae) collected from the lowland rivers hind wing extremely narrow, lanceolate, with in Costa Rica (Hogue, 1973). Dr. L. Quate marginal cilia several times longer than wing (Poway, CA, USA) kindly supplied several width; legs generally long and slender, fem- species of Psychopria reared from Maruina ora medially and tibiae distally clavate; apex spp. in Central America. All other species of foretibia with distinct specialized spine were collected in the closest vicinity of run- dorsally; tarsi long, cylindrical, noncompres- ning waters (yellow pan traps in creek beds), sed, apical tarsomere distinctly enlarged with both in the lowlands and in higher elevations. strong claws, especially in females. META- It is highly conceivable that all members of SOMA. Petiole moderately to distinctly elon- Psychopria are associated with Psychodidae. gate, cylindrical, with ®ne rugulosity, rarely with longitudinal keels, partly hairy, and usu- Psychopria hoguei, new species ally with foamy structures posterolaterally; Figures 92, 93, 94a, 94 metasoma past petiole remarkably short, only slightly wider than long, subcampanulate; DESCRIPTION: Holotype, (: Length 1.4 anterior margin of syntergite only slightly mm; body uniformly dark brown, with legs, wider than width of petiole, not ¯exed or ex- antennae and especially mandibles slightly cised, not notched medially, with dense ap- lighter; wings uniformly infuscate, forewing pressed micropilosity or almost glabrous; S2 with basal vein indicated as nebulous arc. anteriorly without hairy depressions, never HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly wider humplike projecting forward, and without than long (29:25); frons, vertex, and occiput specialized spot; apex of metasoma shortly with scattered long semidecumbent bristles; conical in female. temple behind eye subequal to eye length; TYPE SPECIES: Psychopria hoguei, new space between inner rims of toruli larger than species (described below), by present desig- distance between outer rim of torulus and in- nation. ner orbit of eye (6:4); head in lateral view RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Psycho- higher than long (29:25), eye slightly higher pria is here classi®ed in the tribe Diapriini. than long (13:11); eye height: malar space We consider it an apomorphic offshoot of (13:11); postgena with dense, short, semiap- Trichopria, s.l., that is highly adapted for pressed pilosity but no cushion of hairs; head aquatic life. The shape of the legs, especially in frontal view with frons covered with the strong apical tarsus and strong claws, the dense, semiappressed pilosity as on post- narrow paddle-shaped wings with angular gena; malar sulcus indicated at most as shal- frenal gutter as well as the specialized body low declivity; antenna longer than body, all pilosity are interpreted as adaptations to or segments narrow and slender, covered with for aquatic habitats. Psychopria is easily dis- dense short semidecumbent hairs, hairs sub- tinguished in the Trichopria complex by the equal to width of antennomere; A1 slightly widely spaced toruli, the absence of a sharp compressed and arcuate in basal third; A4 antennal ledge between them, and by the distinctly shorter than A3, only moderately strong reduction of the hypostomal bridge. emarginate in proximal two-thirds; anten- The specialized dense pilosity of the body of nomeres in relative proportions (26:4), (10: Psychopria is also unique in the Diapriini. 3.5), (23:2.5), (14:2.5), (14:2.5), (13:2.5), ETYMOLOGY: From psycho (reference to (12:2.5), (12:2.5), (10:2.5), (10:2.5), (9:2.5), Psychodidae) and pria (``little wasp''); the (9:2.5), (8:2.5), (10:2.5). MESOSOMA. Me- gender is feminine. sosoma distinctly longer than wide (61:34), DISTRIBUTION: To date, we examined about mesoscutum and scutellum with few long 20 species from southern Mexico to Bolivia semidecumbent bristles but no micropilosity, and Brazil including three species from the smooth and highly shining; anterior scutellar Antilles (Cuba, Dominica, Hispaniola) pit shallow, slightly transverse and better im- (CNCI). Recently an undescribed species printed in posterolateral corners; axillar de- was collected in creeks in Arizona. pression with small cluster of foamy struc- 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 105 tures; anterolateral corner of pronotum (pos- DIAGNOSIS (&(): Medium-sized robust in- terad cervix) with short transverse carina and dividuals (2±3 mm); body predominantly patch of granular microsculpture; propleuron brown to brownish black, legs and antennae with large cushion of foamy structures; me- mostly lighter color; body predominantly sopleuron glabrous, except for ventral por- smooth and shining, sometimes with patches tion in between coxae; metapleuron smooth of coriaceous sculpture, rarely with rough ru- in anterior part, rugulose and glabrous in gulose sculpture on entire mesosoma, or rare- posterior part; metasternum (between meso ly head and mesosoma matte with ®ne mi- and metacoxa) with large cluster of foamy crosculpture; entire body including legs with structures; propodeum dorsally and laterally, specialized setae, setae either long, straight, rugulose with ®ne appressed pilosity, median sparse, light, distinctly truncate apically, or keel and plica weakly developed; posterior setae shorter, ¯attened, and tightly appressed margin of propodeum arcuate; propodeal nu- to body; cushions of hairs present, foamy cha short, smooth and shining; forewing structures absent; female antenna 11-seg- maximum width larger than longest marginal mented, in one undescribed species 12-seg- cilia (30:20); basal vein nebulous, strongly mented, clava strong, 3- or 4-segmented, infuscate; foreleg tibial spur unusually wide spindle-shaped, clavomeres semicompact, and strong. METASOMA. Petiole distinctly subrectangular; propodeum strongly devel- elongate (15:9), ®nely rugulose punctate, oped, posterolateral corners strongly raised, with scattered, semierect bristles, bristles posterior margin deeply excavate medially, denser at sides and with two smaller clusters plica indistinct. of foamy structures posterolaterally, anterior DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal margin of petiole sharply rimlike; metasoma view subglobular; frons unarmed; antennal past petiole only slightly wider than long (45: shelf not margined posteriorly; temple be- 34), syntergite with no micropilosity, almost hind eye relatively long, gradually rounded; glabrous, with only few semierect bristles, head in lateral view with torulus in upper metasoma ventrally with more abundant pi- half of eye; eye small, ovoid, higher than half losity. head height, posterior margin rounded; om- EMALE: Unknown. F matidia relatively small, not convex; ocellus TYPE MATERIAL:21((). Holotype, ( distinctly larger than ommatidium; oral ca- (LACM), COSTA RICA, Provincia San rina moderate; postgenal cushion strongly JoseÂ, Rio Union at Pan American Highway, developed, rarely rudimentary; occipital 22 km SE S. Isidro (nr. Santa Ana), 530 m, ¯ange rudimentary; head in frontal view with May 22, 1972, C.L. Hogue. Paratypes (CNCI no. 22461), 20( with same data as holotype mandible bidentate, lower tooth slightly lon- (LACM, CNCI, MIZA, and INBIO). ger; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge very narrow; palpal formula 5±2; fe- ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon- or of the late Dr. Charles Hogue, who col- male antenna 11-segmented, in one undes- lected the type series and made original ob- cribed species 12-segmented, clava strong, 3- servations on the biology of the species or 4-segmented, spindle-shaped, clavomeres (Hogue, 1973). semicompact subrectangular, with three or DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. four clavomeres ¯attened ventrally; apical BIOLOGY: The type series was reared from segment (A11 or A12) subconical, longer aquatic pupae of Maruina sp. (Diptera, Psy- than preceding clavomere; A1 long, cylin- chodidae). Hogue (1973) observed adult drical, unarmed apically; male antenna 14- wasps crawling on the surface of emergent segmented, relatively short and strong; A3 boulders, apparently in search of the host. and A4 distinctly separated, A4 not sexually VARIATION: The only variation in the type modi®ed, A4±A13 distally knotted with one series is in the body length, 1.3±1.6 mm. row of verticillate bristles, antennomeres rel- atively short and robust; A7±A12 without Szelenyiopria Fabritius specialized brushes. MESOSOMA. Mesoso- Figure 96 ma robust, about as wide as high; pronotum Szelenyiopria Fabritius, 1974: 54. in dorsal view moderately developed, pron- Gymnopria LoiaÂcono, 1987: 130. NEW SYNONYMY. otal shoulders not developed; sides of pron- 106 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 otum without epomium, generally with mas- ecitophilic genus Mimopria. Szelenyiopria sive hairy cushion anterodorsally, cushion belongs to Acanthopria complex, as exem- rarely rudimentary; propleuron with cushion pli®ed by structure of derived female anten- or scattered hairs; mesoscutum as long as na, however, the latter two genera differ in wide, parapsidal and anterior parallel, lines male antenna, A3 fused with A4 in Acantho- at most rudimentary, rarely anterior parallel pria and separated in Szelenyiopria. Females lines strongly developed; anterior scutellar of Szelenyiopria share habitus of metasoma pit large, rather deep, slightly transverse, with Leucopria, but lack the specialized leu- sometimes with ®ne longitudinal keels on cose spot at apex. Gymnopria is presently bottom, only slightly smaller than scutellar considered junior synonym of Szelenyiopria; disc; scutellar disc moderately convex, at we compared specimens identi®ed by LoiaÂ- most with moderate longitudinal keel, lateral cono (CNCI) with the holotype of Szelenyi- keels at most moderately developed; axilla opria reichenspergeri (FerrieÁre) (MNHG). smaller than scutellar pit; posterior margin of LoiaÂcono and MargarõÂa (2000) described axilla moderately rounded; axillar depression seven new species from Brazil; they prefer relatively large but shallow, glabrous or with to recognize Gymnopria as an independent dense ®ne hairs; mesopleuron moderately genus. convex, oblique horizontal line rudimentary; DISTRIBUTION: Wide distribution from Ar- dorsellum well developed, with three keels; gentina to Guatemala (specimens in CNCI). metapleuron coarsely rugulose, often densely BIOLOGY: Szelenyiopria lucens (LoiaÂcono), hairy; propodeum strongly developed, rather new combination, is the ®rst member of the long, roughly rugulose, median keel only tribe Diapriini in the New World positively moderately produced anteriorly, rarely keel reared from ants. LoiaÂcono (1987) reports up more raised but not pointed or curved back- to three wasps per mature larva of Acromyr- ward, posterolateral corners of propodeum mex ambiguus (Emery) (Formicidae: Attini). strongly raised, posterior margin deeply ex- Members of Szelenyiopria show no special- cavate medially, plica indistinct; forewing ized structures known among other myrme- moderately long, slightly glassy, stigmal vein cophilic Diapriini; we assume that the spe- moderately developed; legs with long, cialized setae with truncate apices are the straight, sparse, light setae, setae distinctly outlet of chemical substances. truncate apically; tarsi moderately com- pressed. METASOMA. Petiole robust, Szelenyisca Masner slightly elongate, almost quadrate, cylindri- Figure 95 cal, with longitudinal rugulosity, entire sur- Szelenyisca Masner, 1974: 109. face with abundant appressed pilosity; me- tasoma past petiole in dorsal view broadly DIAGNOSIS (&): Body small (1.7 mm), light spindlelike, pointed apically in female, with brown, predominantly smooth and shining, sparse specialized setae; metasoma in lateral relatively glabrous, with sparse pilosity and view only slightly convex, more convex ven- setigerous punctures, foamy structures pre- trally; specialized spot on S2 not visible, an- sent; head unusually large, vertex highly terior margin of S2 with narrow transparent topped; anterior margin of antennal shelf me- rim. dially rounded; A1 dilated into ¯at racquet- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Mem- shaped segment, A2 inserted in upper two- bers of Szelenyiopria share the following thirds of A1, i.e., apical third of A1 forms character states: female antenna with mas- broad ¯at horn above insertion of A2; anten- sive, nonabrupt, spindlelike 3- to 4-segment- na highly specialized, 11-segmented, short, ed clava, clavomeres distinctly ¯attened ven- A2±A11 subequal in length to A1, clava 6- trally and the rough rugulose propodeum segmented, massive, nonabrupt, subcompact, with strongly projecting posterolateral cor- A11 larger than A10. ners. The most important apomorphic feature DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal of Szelenyiopria is the presence on entire view large, subglobular, transverse, wider body of specialized straight setae, truncate than mesosoma; frons unarmed, with scat- apically; similar setae occur in members of tered, large punctures; antennal shelf very 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 107 shallow, unmargined posteriorly, anterior cave; forewing relatively broad, with mod- margin medially rounded; temple rounded, erately glassy appearance, slightly infuscate, broadly receding; head in lateral view large, submarginal vein curved, stigmal vein rela- higher than long, with vertex highly topped; tively well developed; legs relatively short torulus in level of lower orbit; eye relatively and stout, hind femur strongly clavate, tibiae short, distinctly higher than long, high oval, moderately clavate, tarsi not compressed. anterior and posterior margins almost paral- METASOMA. Petiole cylindrical, only lel, ommatidia relatively small and slightly slightly longer than wide, with irregular lon- convex; oral carina minute; postgenal cush- gitudinal keels and scattered pilosity; meta- ion small; occipital ¯ange rudimentary; head soma past petiole relatively short and broad, in frontal view with frons longer than face, shorter than mesosoma, glabrous; syntergite with deep punctures at sides; mandible bi- in lateral view glabrous, only slightly con- dentate, upper tooth truncate with minute in- vex; terga past syntergite partially retracted, cision at meson; palpal formula 5±2(!); an- not visible in dorsal view; anterior margin of tenna highly specialized, 11-segmented, S2 with semicircular ¯exed rim; specialized short, A2±A11 combined subequal in length spot not developed. to A1, clava 6-segmented, massive, nona- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Szelen- brupt, subcompact, A11 larger than A10; yisca is easily recognized by the unique A5±A10 broadly transverse; A1 dilated into structure of A1 and articulation with A2, fur- ¯at racquet-shaped segment, A2 inserted in thermore by the large and highly topped upper two-thirds of A1, i.e., apical third of head. Szelenyisca belongs to the complex of A1 forms broad ¯at horn above insertion of genera around Acanthopria and is considered A2. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively an apomorphic derivative of the latter. The short and high, pronotum in dorsal view male is unknown. moderately developed, pronotal shoulders DISTRIBUTION: The only known species, S. not developed, side of pronotum convex, miricornis Masner, occurs in Brazil and Ven- epomium absent, anterior corner of pronotum ezuela (GarcõÂa, 2000); an undescribed spe- with abundant foamy structures; propleuron cies is known to us from Panama. with denser hairs and some foamy structures; BIOLOGY: Host unknown. The unusual size mesoscutum wider than long, considerably of the head and structure of A1 may indicate convex, parapsidal and anterior parallel lines a specialized behavior or host association. not developed, mesoscutum with row of se- tigerous punctures in notaular region; ante- Townesella Huggert and Masner rior scutellar pit very large, rather deep, Figure 98 transversely oval, distinctly larger than axil- Townesella Huggert and Masner, 1983: 67±69. la, separated from axillar depression by nar- row transparent septum, pit subequal in size DIAGNOSIS (&) Small-sized individuals to scutellar disc; scutellar disc transverse, (1.7 mm); body honey yellow, predominantly subrectangular, highly convex, with well de- smooth and shining, with scattered long, veloped median keel, with sharp lateral semidecumbent setae; foamy structures and keels; posterior margin of axilla sharp; axillar cushions of hairs not developed; head sub- depression relatively large, deep, with abun- hexagonal, with at least posterior ocelli out- dant foamy structures and some ®ne pilosity; side ocular zone; eye in lateral view distinct- mesopleuron moderately convex, median ly shorter than postgena; antenna 11-seg- oblique line moderately developed; dorsel- mented, A11 distinctly larger than A10; me- lum well developed, with three distinct keels; tapleuron almost smooth; propodeum metapleuron coarsely rugose, with only posterolaterally with transparent bladelike sparse pilosity; propodeum moderately elon- laminae; petiole in dorsal view subcampan- gate, plical area almost glabrous, median ulate, with posterior margin sharp. propodeal keel moderately developed but DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal abruptly rising anteriorly into elevated spa- view slightly longer than wide, subhexagon- tuliform process; plica well developed, pos- al; temple straight but somewhat convergent terior margin of propodeum moderately con- posteriorly, temple behind eye slightly longer 108 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 than length of eye, with small area of gran- campanulate, only slightly longer than wide, ular sculpture appearing as minute sharp with posterior margin sharp and slightly con- points; antennal shelf small, not margined cave; metasoma past petiole short, only posteriorly, frons unarmed; at least posterior slightly longer than wide, in lateral view only ocelli outside ocular zone; head in lateral slightly convex dorsally and ventrally; syn- view with level of torulus in lower half of tergite with evenly scattered semidecumbent eye; face as high as wide, with clypeus not setae; S2 basally with strong semilunar trans- clearly indicated, relatively small, subcircu- parent inner apodeme. lar; eye height shorter than half of head RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Huggert height, posterior orbit of eye straight, om- and Masner (1983) compared Townesella matidia large, highly convex, raspberry-like, with Myrmecopria mainly because of shared eye considerably shorter than postgena, eye cephalic characters such as elongate head, only slightly higher than malar space; head long temples, and ocellar triangle outside oc- in frontal view mandible bidentate, lower ular zone. Townesella can be easily distin- tooth sharp and much longer than upper guished from Myrmecopria by temples con- tooth; palpal formula 3±2, palpi short; oral verging toward occiput, with head broadest carina ®ne; head in ventral view with hypos- across eyes, frons unarmed, antennal shelf tomal bridge well developed; occipital ¯ange unmargined posteriorly, and by presence of absent; antenna 11-segmented without differ- bladelike laminae posterolaterally on propo- entiated clava, with A4 to A10 subquadratic, deum. Unlike in Myrmecopria pronotal closely approximated, antennomeres progres- shoulders are angularly protruding and tibial sively enlarged, A11 largest. MESOSOMA. apices are not projecting in Townesella. Gen- Mesosoma higher than wide; pronotal shoul- eral sculpture of body of Townesella is ders distinctly prominent, rounded, with del- smooth, compared with rugulose body of icate granular sculpture; mesoscutum elon- Myrmecopria. gate, in lateral view only moderately convex, MALE: Unknown. without anterior parallel and parapsidal lines; DISTRIBUTION: Only one species, Towne- anterior scutellar pit moderate, shorter than sella marjoriae Huggert and Masner, is scutellar disc, subrectangular, rather shallow; known from the Sonoran region of North scutellar disc subquadratic, moderately con- America. vex, without median longitudinal keel, with BIOLOGY: Unknown; several females were lateral keels moderately developed; posterior caught in light traps in semidesert habitats. margin of axilla roundly sloping down, ax- The light body color and remarkably rasp- illar depression small but deep; mesopleuron berry eyes may indicate nocturnal habits of rather ¯at, with median oblique line well de- Townesella, presumably associated with ants. veloped; dorsellum weakly developed, with three longitudinal keels; metapleuron almost Trichopria Ashmead smooth, with delicate microsculpture; pro- Figure 99 podeum short, with sharp prominent median Trichopria Ashmead, 1893: 407, 431. keel and with prominent bladelike laminae Ashmeadopria Kieffer, 1912: 8, 10, 59. Synony- posterolaterally; plica moderately developed; mized by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951: 1420 forewing primarily developed, elongate, not pp. infuscate, submarginal vein short, slightly Phaenopria Ashmead, 1893: 40, 436. Synony- exceeding basal one-fourth and closely par- mized by Sundholm, 1960: 215±223. alleling front margin of wing, basal vein not Planopria Kieffer, 1906: 19. Synonymized by indicated; legs relatively long and strong, fe- Kieffer, 1912: 75 pp. mur medially incrassate, tibia cylindrical, Orthopria Kieffer, 1911: 983, 984. Synonymized with long and abundant pilosity, tarsi dis- by Kieffer, 1912: 75 pp. tinctly compressed, much higher than wide, DIAGNOSIS (&(): Small to medium-sized hind coxa rather large, broadest in basal individuals (1±3.5 mm); body color variable, third, gradually tapering to apex; apex of an- from deep black to pale yellow, body pre- terior tibia without specialized spine dorsally. dominantly smooth and glabrous, usually METASOMA. Petiole in dorsal view sub- with strong cushions of hairs and some 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 109 foamy structures; frons unarmed; occiput brushes often present on A7±A8, A8±A9, or rounded, never carinate or steplike; female only on A8; A1 cylindrical, usually without clava usually gradually incrassate toward longitudinal keels, unarmed apically, in apex, nonabrupt, clavomeres clearly separat- males distinctly longer than A3. MESOSO- ed, generally subspherical to beadlike, apical MA. Pronotum in dorsal view only moder- segment ventrally often with specialized pit; ately developed, pronotal shoulders at most plica of propodeum generally weakly devel- rudimentary, sides of pronotum ¯at, epom- oped, area between plica and keel usually ium not developed, anterior margin or pron- covered with pilosity; apex of anterior tibia otum usually with dense hairy cushion, rare- with long, slender spine dorsally. ly interspersed with foamy structures; pro- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal pleuron usually densely hairy or with hairy view usually globular, rarely subpentagonal cushion, rarely with foamy structures; me- or elongate, frons unarmed; antennal shelf soscutum generally slightly elongate, at most usually moderate, not margined posteriorly; moderately convex, with no sulci, lines or head in lateral view with torulus in various depressions, with sparse semierect long hairs; level of eye; eye generally subcircular, vari- anterior scutellar pit of various shapes, gen- able in size, posterior margin never sinuate; erally shallow, from large, subcircular or ommatidia relatively small and ¯at, never transverse subrectangular to small, or pit raspberry-like; ocelli normal in winged in- completely absent, or median part of pit el- dividuals, absent or rudimentary in short- evated leaving two lateral separate depres- winged or wingless individuals; oral carina sions or pit bisected by median scutellar keel moderately developed; postgenal cushion or narrow septum, pit rarely with ®ne lon- usually strongly developed, rarely replaced gitudinal striae; scutellar disc usually sharply by sparse pilosity or very rarely postgena al- subrectangular, generally ¯at or with elevated most glabrous; occiput rounded, never cari- median keel, very rarely armed or with trans- nate or steplike, occipital ¯ange moderate; verse keel; axilla generally well developed, head in frontal view with face usually as with sharp posterior margins or axilla almost wide as high or transverse, usually with scat- fused with scutellar disc in species with no tered setigerous punctures; mandible gener- anterior scutellar pit; axillar depression mod- ally bidentate, rarely strongly projecting or erate, with pilosity, rarely with foamy struc- tridentate; clypeus usually with deep trans- tures; mesopleuron rather ¯at, trapezoidal, verse sulcus above anterior margin, episto- smooth, shining and glabrous, very rarely mal sulcus rarely impressed; tentorial pit not with ®ne horizontal striae, submedian developed; malar sulcus very rarely devel- oblique line at most rudimentary, sternaulus oped or indicated by shallow declivity; head not developed; dorsellum generally with in ventral view with hypostomal bridge well three keels, median keel usually strongest; developed; papal formula 5±2 or 4±2, rarely metapleuron entirely covered by dense sil- 3±2; female antenna generally 12-segmented, very appressed pilosity; metasternum often rarely 11-segmented, predominantly clavate, with foamy structures; propodeum elongate, clava usually gradually incrassate toward propodeal keel usually well developed, often apex, nonabrupt, rarely semiabrupt, usually raised anteriorly, rarely produced into long 3±4-segmented, rarely multisegmented (5±6 slender backcurved spine, plica generally segments), clavomeres clearly separated, weakly developed, area between plica and generally subspherical to beadlike, apical keel usually covered with pilosity, posterior segment generally largest, usually ¯attened margin of propodeum only moderately ex- ventrally, often with specialized shallow pit; cavate, posterolateral corners not angularly male antenna highly variable, A3 to A14 projecting; forewing usually elongate, with usually elongate-cylindrical to elongate-knot- abundant microtrichia, very rarely infuscate, ted, rarely beadlike, with short hairs or long basal vein not developed but sometimes wing bristles, bristles often arranged in whorls, A4 with dark transverse band below marginal usually sexually modi®ed, enlarged, curved, vein, submarginal vein strongly approximat- with keel, rarely A3 or A3 and A4 modi®ed, ed to anterior margin of wing, not distinctly rarely no segment modi®ed; specialized upcurved, reaching approximately basal third 110 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 of wing, marginal vein wedge-shaped, stig- fragment of actual size of the genus is mal vein rudimentary; posterior margin (at known, with most species still undescribed. frenal gutter) nonangular; submarginal vein The near absence of Trichopria in Chile is in hind wing rudimentary, usually present as quite notable. basal stem and as spot with hamuli; wings BIOLOGY: Numerous species were reared shortened or absent in some species (females as solitary or gregarious parasitoids of vari- or females and males); legs generally slender, ous Diptera (e.g., Notton, 1991); one undes- femora distinctly clavate distally, tibia mod- cribed species is known to us as parasitoid erately clavate distally, tarsi not compressed; of Psephenidae (Coleoptera) (Brown, 1967). apex of anterior tibia with long, slender spine Several species were found in ant nests and dorsally. METASOMA. Petiole usually some are aquatic or semiaquatic in habits. slightly elongate, rarely strongly elongate or transverse, always cylindrical, usually dense- Turripria, new genus ly hairy, rarely with foamy structures, some- Figure 100 times with longitudinal keels; metasoma past petiole generally elongate, of various shapes, DIAGNOSIS (&): Small to medium-sized in- apex in female subobtuse, pointed to conical, dividuals (1.5±3 mm); body always light-col- metasoma predominantly glabrous, rarely ored, yellowish brown to ferrugineous, body with long scattered hairs, smooth and highly shining but with various degree of sculpture, shining, very rarely punctate apically; ante- coriaceous to rugulose, with scattered semi- rior margin of syntergite straight, not ¯exed decumbent bristles, hairy cushions not de- or excised; S2 anteriorly without hairy de- veloped, foamy structures present on pro- pressions, sometimes with dense pilosity, an- pleuron or metasternum, usually rudimenta- terior margin of S2 rarely humplike project- ry; head with vertex remarkably topped, ver- ing forward; specialized spot on S2 not de- tex moderately to extremely elevated above veloped; apical sternite in female often vom- eyes, ocelli consequently very far from inner eriform and long-pointed. orbits, OOL unusually long; A11 distinctly RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Tricho- larger than A10; mesosoma moderately com- pria is no doubt the largest genus of the Dia- pressed, distinctly higher than wide; meso- priinae in the New World. The polytypic na- pleuron usually with dense horizontal striae; ture of this genus precludes de®nition other axilla rounded posteriorly; axillar depression than by combination of character states (see rudimentary; propodeum short, highly Diagnosis above). Sundholm (1960) dis- topped; hind coxa distinctly elongate, cylin- cussed the status of Trichopria and related drical or conical, subequal to or slightly lon- genera. In the Neotropical region Trichopria ger than petiole. is conveniently distinguished from Acantho- DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head with ver- pria by presence of a specialized spine on tex remarkably topped, vertex moderately to the foretibia, as well as by subspherical (non- extremely elevated above eyes, head hypog- rectangular) clavomeres in female antenna nathous, frons unarmed, antennal shelf mod- and A3 and A4 in male antenna clearly sep- erately developed, not margined posteriorly, arated. Trichopria, s.l., is separated from level of torulus below half height of eye; face Diapria rather arbitrarily by the shape of the subquadrate; eye distinctly higher than long, anterior margin of syntergite and by differ- ovoid inverted droplike, ommatidia relatively ences in the structure of female clava. The large and convex, almost raspberry-like; Nearctic genera Auxopaedeutes and Brueso- ocelli situated at top of elevated vertex, very pria are considered at this moment as spe- far from inner orbit, OOL unusually long; cialized derivatives of Trichopria. The Ne- mandible bidentate, palpal formula 5±2; oral arctic species of Trichopria are predomi- carina moderately developed; postgenal nantly dark colored in comparison with gen- cushion not developed; hypostomal bridge erally light-colored Neotropical species. distinctly developed; occipital ¯ange mod- DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. Numerous spe- erate to rudimentary; antenna 11-segmented, cies are known from both Nearctic and Neo- with nonabrupt multisegmented clava (6±7 tropic regions; however, at present only a segments), clavomeres subquadrate, rarely 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 111 elongate, noncompact, A11 distinctly larger cies (described below), by present designa- than A10, A1 elongate, usually robust, cylin- tion. drical, unarmed apically. MESOSOMA. Me- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Turri- sosoma moderately compressed, distinctly pria is remarkable in shape of head, with ver- higher than wide; side of pronotum relatively tex highly topped and ocelli elevated high ¯at, pronotal shoulders not developed, epom- above eyes. Turripria shares shape and struc- ium rudimentary; upper propleuron rarely ture of propodeum with Philolestoides and with residual foamy structures; mesoscutum Asolenopsia; also the shape of eye and dis- distinctly longer than wide, in lateral view tinctly convex ommatidia are shared among highly convex; anterior parallel and parapsi- the three genera. The males of Turripria are dal lines not developed; scutellum subtrape- unknown. zoidal, anterior scutellar pit well developed, ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin turris (``tow- subrectangular, moderately deep, smooth on er''), with reference to the peculiar shape of bottom, shorter than scutellar disc; scutellar the head in lateral view, and the suf®x pria disc subcircular, usually with longitudinal meaning ``little wasp''; the gender is femi- median keel, with lateral keels moderately nine. arched; axilla distinctly rounded posteriorly, MALE: Unknown. sloping roundly down; axillar depression ru- DISTRIBUTION: We studied six species from dimentary; mesopleuron ¯at, subrectangular, lowland tropical forests of Panama, Costa more or less straight ventrally, usually with Rica, Nicaragua and the Paci®c side of Ec- dense, ®ne, horizontal striae, submedian uador (material in CNCI). oblique line distinctly developed; dorsellum BIOLOGY: Biology is not known; however, well de®ned, longitudinal keels rudimentary the color, sculpture, and general habitus of or present; metapleuron with rough rugulose body, raspberry eyes, as well as lytic alec- sculpture, with large deep oval depression tomy lead us to believe that Turripria is as- anteriorly right behind mesopleuron, with sociated with ants. Numerous individuals of only scattered hairs; deep cleft between dor- T. woldai, new species, were collected in sellum and propodeum; propodeum relative- light traps in Panama with various degrees of ly short, highly topped, median keel usually lytic alectomy in process; most specimens in well developed, plica rudimentary or absent, CNCI of the above series show various de- posterior margin of propodeum almost grees of wing loss. straight; forewing primarily present, rather long, usually clear, marginal cilia rather long, Turripria woldai, new species stigmal vein moderately developed, basal Figure 100 vein not developed; legs usually relatively short and strong; hind coxa distinctly elon- DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 1.6 gate, cylindrical or conical, subequal in mm; body entirely golden-yellow, eyes dis- length to or slightly longer than petiole; hind tinctly darker; body with scattered semide- femur widest near middle, all tibiae narrowed cumbent pale hairs; wings almost clear. basally, tarsi moderately to distinctly com- HEAD. Head in dorsal view moderately lon- pressed; apex of anterior tibia without spe- ger than wide (37:31), with ®ne rugulose cialized spine dorsally. METASOMA. Me- sculpture; temple behind eye strongly reced- tasoma with petiole slightly longer than ing, shorter than eye (16:10), temple poste- wide, robust, subcylindrical, highly convex riorly (in front of occipital ¯ange) subangular dorsally, without keels, in lateral view petiole because of vertical zone of rugulosity de- strongly sloping down posteriorly in front of scending to postgena; occipital ¯ange mod- syntergite; metasoma past petiole moderately erate, steplike, slightly wider than width of elongate, ovoid, distinctly pointed apically, ocellus; eye raspberry-like, ommatidia large only moderately convex dorsally and ven- and convex, only slightly smaller than ocel- trally, syntergite entirely covered with scat- lus; antennal shelf strongly projecting for- tered semidecumbent bristles; anterior mar- ward, torulus in level with lower half of eye; gin of S2 entire, specialized spot not visible. head in lateral view higher than long (42:37), TYPE SPECIES: Turripria woldai, new spe- with frons and occiput convex, nonconical, 112 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

top of vertex rounded; part of head above BIOLOGY: Females collected in light traps upper orbit distinctly shorter than eye height exhibited lytic alectomy in progress; in many (10:24); postgena narrower than eye length individuals wings were missing or fragile (12:16); eye height malar space (24:10); eye and were detached during mounting. shorter than head height (24:42); head in VARIATION: Minimum variation in total frontal view with rugulose sculpture on face, body length, color, and sculpture was ob- with ®ner sculpture on frons; antenna rela- served among the type series. tively short and strong, A1 robust, only three times longer than wide, with rough sculpture; Xanthopria Brues clava indistinctly 6-segmented, with dense Figure 102 decumbent pale pilosity, slightly gradually Xanthopria Brues, 1915: 9. incrassated toward apex; antennomeres in relative proportions (30:9.5), (8.5:5.5), (10: DIAGNOSIS (&): Small-sized individuals 5), (6.5:6), (6.5:7), (6:8), (7:9), (7:9), (7:9.5), (1.5 mm), body color ferrugineous, head and (7:9.5), (17:10). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in mesosoma, including legs and tegula, entire- relative proportions length:width:height (55: ly sculptured, granular-coriaceous; metasoma 30:40); anterodorsal corner of pronotum with past petiole smooth, body relatively glabrous rough rugulose sculpture, side of pronotum with only few appressed golden hairs, no predominantly sculptured, with irregular hairy cushions but some parts of body with wavy horizontal striae and with relatively minute pilosity, foamy structures developed; smaller smooth area anterad spiracle; median face in pro®le straight, almost perpendicular lobe of mesoscutum remarkably highly con- to frons; clypeus rather protruding, deep vex, mesoscutum almost smooth laterally, broad cleft between clypeus and upper mar- with ®ne coriaceous sculpture medially; scu- gin of mandibles; scutellar disc pillow- tellar disc with complete longitudinal median shaped, convex, median and lateral keels not keel; entire mesopleuron with ®ne dense hor- developed; forewing with only minute mi- izontal sculpture similar to that on sides of crotrichia on disc, marginal cilia entirely ab- pronotum, with extreme ventral lobe almost sent. smooth; metasternum with scattered foamy DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head subglobu- structures; median propodeal keel sharply lar, frons unarmed, antennal shelf moderate, pointed anteriorly, plica rudimentary, indi- not margined posteriorly, antennal shelf only cated only anteriorly. METASOMA. Meta- moderately protruding, level of torulus ap- soma with petiole in relative proportions proximately in lower half of eye; eye rela- length:width:height, (18:13:13), petiole tively large, ovoid, with posterior orbit not humped dorsally, straight ventrally, with ®ne sinuate; ocelli relatively small, ommatidia rugulose sculpture; metasoma past petiole in rather large, highly convex, raspberry-like, proportion length:width:height (63:35:35). ommatidium only slightly smaller than ocel- MALE: Unknown. lus; oral carina not developed, postgenal TYPE MATERIAL:50&. Holotype, & (CNCI cushion not developed; occipital ¯ange ru- no. 22462), PANAMA, C.Z., Barro Colora- dimentary; face in pro®le straight, almost do Is., July 2±8 1978, light trap no. 1, H. perpendicular to frons; clypeus rather pro- Wolda. Paratypes, 49& from Barro Colorado truding, deep, broad cleft between clypeus Is., C.Z. (Panama), lowland rainforest, col- and upper margin of mandible; epistomal and lected in light traps, with ¯ight periods in malar sulcus shallow and tentorial pit not de- February and July and few individuals col- veloped; hypostomal bridge well developed; lected in May, August and December 1977 palpal formula 4±2; antenna 11-segmented, and 1978. Paratypes deposited in CNCI, with nonabrupt 5±6-segmented clava, cla- INBC, MIUP, MIZA, NMNH, USNM. vomeres subrectangular, with narrow gaps, ETYMOLOGY: This new species is named in A11 larger than A10, A1 cylindrical, un- honor of Mr. Henk Wolda, who collected the armed apically. MESOSOMA. Pronotum in type series as well as many other nocturnal dorsal view moderately developed, pronotal Diapriinae in Barro Colorado Island (Pana- shoulder absent, side of pronotum almost ma). ¯at, epomium not developed, shoulder region 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 113 with massive patch of foamy structures; pro- possible association with ants is highly prob- pleuron with scattered foamy structures; me- able. soscutum as long as wide, only moderately convex, slightly depressed medially, without UNPLACED GENERA sulci or lines; anterior scutellar pit shallow, slightly transverse, without ridges; scutellar (Incertae sedis) disc pillow shape, convex, median and lateral Caecopria Masner keels not developed; posterior margin of ax- Figures 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 illa weakly carinate; axillar depression with Caecopria Masner, 1969b: 314, 323. abundant foamy structures and same ap- pressed pilosity; mesopleuron rather ¯at, DIAGNOSIS (&(): The sexes are almost al- with distinct oblique submedian line; ster- ways strikingly dimorphic and will be treated naulus not developed; dorsellum moderately separately; females are always apterous, al- developed; keels weakly developed, meta- most blind, antlike in habitus; males are pre- pleuron entirely covered with appressed short dominantly winged, when (rarely) apterous, silvery pilosity; metasternum with foamy they super®cially resembling females. structures; propodeum moderately long, me- DIAGNOSIS (&): Minute to small-sized in- dian keel produced anteriorly into blunt pro- dividuals (around 1 mm), rarely medium- jection turned backward; plica partly devel- sized (up to 2 mm); body color from yellow oped, area between plica and keel with dense to dark brown, antenna and legs distinctly appressed pilosity; posterior margin of pro- lighter, at least head and often also mesoso- podeum only moderately excised, rather rim- ma strongly sculptured, granular, or deeply like-projecting; forewing with only minute punctate, metasoma past petiole always microtrichia on disc, marginal cilia entirely smooth, body generally hairy but with no absent, submarginal vein moderately upcur- hairy cushions or foamy structures; head dis- ved, stigmal vein strongly developed, basal tinctly opisthognathous; frons almost always vein not developed; legs rather short and serrate laterally (above ocular area); eye re- stout, tarsi not compressed. METASOMA. duced to single ommatidium; labrum not ex- Petiole very short, slightly transverse, cylin- posed; palpi strongly reduced or atrophied, drical, with dense ®ne pilosity, without lon- formula 1±0 or 0±0; antenna short and gitudinal keels; metasoma past petiole only strong, 9±10-segmented, with massive, slightly convex; syntergite rather broad an- abrupt, 3-segmented clava; mesosoma teriorly, smooth, shining, almost glabrous; S2 strongly modi®ed, with sutures in various de- anteriorly without specialized spot. gree of reduction or sutures completely ab- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among sent; tarsal formula 5±5±5 or 4±4±4; anterior the Neotropical genera with 11-segmented margin of syntergite usually rimlike, mod- female antenna Xanthopria is recognized by erately to strongly concave, usually notched two apomorphies: the deep cleft between medially; S2 almost always with two deep clypeus and mandibles and the absence of longitudinal grooves. marginal cilia in forewing. The intense sculp- DIAGNOSIS (winged () : Minute to large- ture on head and mesosoma also appears di- sized individuals (0.5±4.5 mm); body color agnostic for the genus. Brues (1915) de- from light yellow to dark brown, head usu- scribed two species, X. opaca (type species) ally strongly sculptured, usually granular, and X. nitida; after examination of the types mesosoma partly sculptured, usually punc- (MCZC) we decided to transfer X. nitida to tate, metasoma past petiole always smooth, Acanthopria (new combination). Xanthopria body predominantly hairy, with no hairy is interpreted as specialized derivative of cushions or foamy structures; head distinctly Acanthopria. opisthognathous, frons often with serrate MALE: Unknown. ledge above eye, or with transverse ledge in DISTRIBUTION: We examined two speci- front of ocelli; eye remarkably bulging, mens of X. opaca, the holotype, and a female large, with long dense hair, ommatidia large (CNCI), both from Brazil. and convex, raspberry-like, inner orbits of BIOLOGY: Host and habits unknown, but eyes moderately to strongly converging 114 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 downward, labrum not exposed; palpi gen- otum and scutellum, mesoscutum dorsally erally reduced, palpal formula either 3±2, usually ¯at or slightly concave or slightly more frequently 0±0; antenna 12-segmented, convex, sloping roundly into pleural region; very rarely 14-segmented; mesosoma rela- tegula absent, very rarely rudimentary; me- tively short, highly convex dorsally, at least sopleuron usually strongly reduced, indicated as high as wide, with massive mesothorax by deep sulcus above mid coxa; dorsellum and relatively small pronotum and propo- absent; metapleuron relatively large and deum; wings unusually large and broad, fore- smooth; propodeum large, horizontal, usually wing with stigmal vein unusually long, ®n- fused with rest of mesosoma or separated by gerlike, oblique. transverse suture, median keel and plica usu- DIAGNOSIS (wingless () : Strikingly simi- ally not developed, posterior margin of pro- lar to female in general habitus; clava heavy podeum usually slightly arcuate or with mi- but nonabrupt, 3±4-segmented, rarely abrupt- nute notch medially; wings absent; legs ly 4-segmented, antenna gradually incrassate, short, tibia and femora distinctly clavate, tib- 9±10-segmented, A3 usually sexually modi- ial spur formula 1±2±2, coxae generally long ®ed, with sharp keel; tarsal formula 4±4±4. and slender, cylindrical, tarsi relatively slen- DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head distinctly der, not compressed, formula 5±5±5 or 4±4± opisthognathous, in dorsal view slightly to 4. METASOMA. Petiole robust, slightly distinctly elongate, frons almost always ser- elongate, usually smooth, rarely with longi- rate laterally (above ocular area), serration tudinal keels laterally, with abundant pilosity, sometimes continues in complete semicircle in lateral view petiole remarkably arched; on frons, antennal shelf large not margined metasoma past petiole slightly to moderately posteriorly; head in lateral view with anten- elongate, syntergite only slightly convex dor- nal shelf strongly projecting, anterior margin sally, anterior margin of syntergite usually of shelf sharp, often bladelike to pointed; eye rimlike, moderately to strongly concave, usu- reduced to single ommatidium, usually ally notched medially, syntergite usually strongly convex, rarely ommatidium en- hairy, pilosity decumbent; following tergites larged; ommatidium positioned in anterodor- very narrow, apex short-pointed; S2 usually sal corner of head; ocelli absent; oral carina strongly developed anteriorly, pushed ahead well developed; occipital ¯ange developed; of anterior margin of T2 and partly visible face relatively long; mandible highly modi- dorsally, S2 almost always with two deep ®ed, falcate, strongly beaklike-projecting, longitudinal grooves, grooves often partly opisthognathous, bidentate, mandibular con- hairy, rarely grooves absent or reaching al- dyle deeply arcuate, rimlike; clypeus rela- most to apex of S2, specialized spot not de- tively small, subtriangular, slightly convex, veloped. not clearly differentiate from face, tentorial DESCRIPTION (winged (): HEAD. Head pit large; epistomal and malar sulcus not de- distinctly opisthognathous, frons often with veloped, hypostomal bridge developed, cari- serrate ledge above eye or with transverse nate; palpi strongly reduced or atrophied, for- ledge in front of ocelli; antennal shelf deep, mula 1±0 or 0±0; antenna short and strong, not margined posteriorly, temples behind 9±10-segmented, with massive, abrupt, 3- eyes strongly receding; head in lateral view segmented clava, A1 long, cylindrical, un- with antennal shelf remarkably projecting, armed apically. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma level of toruli above middle of the eye; eye strongly modi®ed, with sutures in various de- remarkably bulging, large, with long dense grees of reduction or sutures completely ab- hairs, ommatidia large and convex, raspber- sent; pronotum usually strongly developed ry-like; ocelli unusually large, highly con- both dorsally and laterally, rarely separate by vex; oral carina well developed; occipital suture from mesoscutum, sides of pronotum ¯ange developed; face distinctly higher than usually fused with mesopleuron, cervical wide, elevated medially, inner orbits of eyes part strongly developed, pronotal shoulders moderately to distinctly converging down- and epomium not developed; spiracle on ward; mandible long falcate, bidentate api- pronotum well developed, often strongly pro- cally, mandibular condyle deeply arcuate, jecting; mesoscutum usually fused with pron- rimlike; clypeus relatively small, strongly 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 115 convex, subtriangular; tentorial pit large; la- cell, marginal vein short, stigmal vein re- brum not exposed; malar sulcus not devel- markably long, ®ngerlike, oblique, basal vein oped; hypostomal bridge elevated, carinate, developed, usually running oblique toward foramen magnum roundly sloping down; pal- base of marginal vein or rarely almost per- pi generally reduced, palpal formula either pendicular to submarginal vein, but never 3±2, more frequently 0±0; antenna 12-seg- contiguous with marginal or submarginal mented, very rarely 14-segmented, usually veins; posterior portion of median vein often threadlike, A4 usually not modi®ed sexually, deeply pigmented, joining base of basal vein, rarely with sharp keel, with dense scattered other veins sometimes nebulous; hind wing pilosity, specialized brushes usually on A8± very narrow in basal part, with submarginal A10 or absent. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma vein strongly sclerotized, complete; legs long relatively short, highly convex dorsally, at and slender, femur moderately clavate, tibia least as high as wide, with massive mesotho- cylindrical, tibial spur formula 1±2±2; tarsi rax and relatively small pronotum and pro- long and slender, cylindrical, formula 5±5±5. podeum; pronotum in dorsal view weakly de- METASOMA. Petiole cylindrical, moderate- veloped, pronotal shoulders and epomium ly to distinctly elongate, rarely transverse, not developed; mesoscutum strongly convex with abundant pilosity, without longitudinal dorsally, notaulus always complete, often di- keels; metasoma past petiole relatively small, lated posteriorly, usually not completely con- anterior margin of syntergite usually rimlike, tiguous with transscutal articulation, adme- moderately to strongly concave, usually dian and parapsidal lines and humeral sulci notched medially, syntergite usually hairy, rarely present; scutellum relatively large, an- pilosity decumbent; S2 moderately produced terior scutellar pit of various shapes, deep anteriorly, with two longitudinal grooves. transverse to subcircular, subbifoveate or RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Masner shallow, with irregular sculpture, pit always (1969b) described only the females of Cae- smaller than scutellar disc; scutellar disc copria. The males were recognized subse- large, either sharply margined, subrectangu- quently as both winged and rarely also ap- lar or pillow-shaped with sides rounded, only terous; they are described here for the ®rst moderately convex dorsally, median keel time. Caecopria is perhaps the most dimor- never developed, lateral and posterior pits phic and polytypic genus of the Diapriidae; not developed; axilla with outer margin we associated the opposite sexes only after sharp, bladelike, posterior margin of axilla much deliberation. The ®nal conclusion was sharp or rounded, axillar depression large, derived from identical structures of head and often almost glabrous; mesopleuron convex, metasoma, i.e., two parts of body least af- often strongly bulging in lower half; epic- fected by sexual dimorphism. The wingless nemial pit usually indicated by irregular ru- males mimicking females were particularly gulosity; sternaulus not developed; median dif®cult to interpret. Caecopria shares super- oblique line indicated by weak declivity; dor- ®cial resemblance with some members of the sellum relatively strong, often with three Psilini (Coptera, Psilus) especially in arma- short keels; metapleuron with massive deep ture of head and structure of mandibles; how- hairy depression anterodorsally, rugulose ever, differs principally in shape of the wing posteriorly; propodeum relatively short, and type of wing venation, as well as in the strongly sloping down, median keel either structure of metasoma. The relationship of well developed or absent, plica very rarely Caecopria with Doliopria cannot be con- developed; posterior margin of propodeum ®rmed, and we also do not recognize the as- rimlike or not developed, nucha partly visible sumed transantarctic relationships of Caeco- dorsally; wings remarkably large, broad, and pria with Austropria (Masner, 1969b). long, largely surpassing tip of metasoma, of- DISTRIBUTION: Caecopria is restricted to ten deeply infuscate, with dense microtrichia, the Neotropical region; three species were veins strongly darkened, venation in fore- described from Brazil (Masner, 1969b). We wing surpassing basal third of wing length, examined several hundred specimens costa usually pale, sometimes pigmented, (CNCI), mostly winged males, representing submarginal vein enclosing very broad costal many new species, from Central and South 116 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

America (Mexico to Brazil) including the pendicular to one another; metasoma in lat- Antilles. Members prevail in lowland rain- eral view distinctly angular between petiole forests, cooler cloud forests, rarely in higher and syntergite; petiole distinctly elongate, in altitudes (Andes of Ecuador up to 3600 m). lateral view remarkably arcuate; metasoma The genus is not known from Chile and Ar- past petiole moderately to strongly com- gentina. pressed laterally, apex of metasoma conical BIOLOGY: Masner (1969b) assumed Cae- in female; segments past syntergite often copria to be myrmecophilic in habits; this telescoped; synsternite almost entirely con- was con®rmed by LoiaÂcono (1981) who cealed ventrally by sides of syntergite; apical found two species (females) in a nest of sternite vomeriform; ovipositor valves Camponotus ru®pes (Fabricius) in Brazil. strongly sclerotized, often extruded apically. The senior author recently examined speci- DESCRIPTION (&(): HEAD. Head in dorsal mens of an undescribed species of Caecopria view subglobular, with antennal shelf and to- collected in a nest of leafcutting ants in Trin- ruli strongly projecting, posterolateral cor- idad W.I. (CNCI). The winged males of Cae- ners of shelf sharply pointed; frons (in front copria are presumably nocturnal in habits, as of anterior ocellus) with two little sharp demonstrated by numerous specimens caught points and with sharp longitudinal ledge in light traps; the raspberry eyes, general col- above upper eye orbit; temple subequal in or of body as well as large ocelli support this length to eye; head in lateral view with an- view. The males are also caught by various tennal shelf strongly projecting, level of to- techniques; however, the females are found rulus at midpoint of eye; eye moderately primarily in litter (Berlese). The unusually large, ovoid, with ommatidia moderately large wings as well as strongly developed large; oral carina moderately developed yet pterothorax of males and the relatively small blocking lateral movement of mandible; size of apterous females may suggest aerial postgena usually moderately developed; pos- transport of females during mating; this strat- terior margin of occiput not distinctly step- egy is well-known in various groups of Hy- like, occipital ¯ange narrow, with ®ne cren- menoptera (Evans, 1969). ulae; head in frontal view with face strongly convex medially, depressed near clypeus; Calogalesus Kieffer clypeus relatively small, highly convex, sub- Figure 34 triangular, distinctly longer than wide; epis- tomal sulcus not developed; labrum exposed, Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912: 6, 43. sclerotized, triangular in shape; malar sulcus DIAGNOSIS (&(): Minute (about 1 mm), developed; malar space shorter than height of gracile individuals; body color light to dark eye; tentorial pit not developed; mandible brown with appendages slightly lighter; body long, beaklike, not clasped, parallel, biden- predominantly smooth and almost glabrous, tate, projecting backward, almost opisthog- highly shining with only scattered semierect nathous; palpal formula 5±2; head in ventral hairs, with moderate hairy cushions on post- view with hypostomal bridge not developed; gena and anterior margin of pronotum, but antennal formula 12±14; A1 relatively long, no foamy structures; head armed with sharp distinctly compressed basally, apical rim ledges or points; antennal shelf bladelike- without ¯aps, not projecting, not excavate projecting; labrum exposed, sclerotized, sub- ventrally; female antenna without distinct triangular; mandible long, beaklike-project- clava, A4±A11 almost beadlike; male A3± ing, almost opisthognathous; oral carina A13 beadlike, A3 subequal in length to A4, moderately developed, yet blocking lateral A4 not modi®ed. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma movement of mandible; antennal formula relatively short, usually as wide as high, 12±14; notaulus percurrent; anterior scutellar moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in pit bifoveate; forewing relatively short and dorsal view with cervix well developed; broad, with extremely long marginal cilia; pronotal shoulders moderate, rounded; side submarginal vein in forewing distinctly re- of pronotum anteriorly with moderate hairy mote from foremargin of wing, marginal and cushion, usually with row of ®ne crenulae stigmal veins subequal in length, almost per- along posterior margin (above forecoxa); 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 117 epomium not developed; spiracle on protho- in lateral view distinctly angular between rax relatively large and projecting; mesos- petiole and syntergite; petiole distinctly elon- cutum distinctly wider than long, moderately gate, in lateral view remarkably arcuate, with convex, with only few scattered semierect irregular rugulosity, without longitudinal ca- hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines rinae, predominantly glabrous, with only few not developed, but anterior margin of mid- scattered semierect hairs; metasoma past pet- lobe of mesoscutum often crenulate; notaulus iole moderately to strongly compressed lat- deep, percurrent, often slightly sinuate, non- erally; anterior margin of syntergite at most crenulate, not dilated posteriorly and not slightly arcuate but not notched or excised reaching transscutal articulation; humeral medially, syntergite without median longitu- sulcus narrow but well developed; suprahu- dinal groove; apex of metasoma conical in meral sulcus not developed; anterior scutellar female; segments past syntergite often tele- pit large, bifoveate; scutellar disc subquad- scoped; S2 almost entirely concealed ven- rate, only moderately convex, without me- trally by sides of syntergite; apical sternite dian longitudinal keel, with moderate lateral vomeriform. keels; lateral pit very narrow, posterior scu- RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Within tellar pit developed; posterior margin of ax- the Diapriinae, Calogalesus is considerably illa sharp, overhanging axillar depression; isolated taxonomically; however, it is related axillar depression relatively large, with scat- to the tribe Psilini because of some cephalic tered pilosity; mesopleuron only slightly character states (e.g., development of labrum, convex, mostly smooth and glabrous; median mandible, armature of frons, etc.), but cannot oblique depression relatively deep, especially be satisfactorily placed here. The venation of in anterior part; epicnemial pit and epicne- the forewing as well as the structure of the mial carina strongly developed; sternaulus metasoma in general (syntergite, i.e., T2 ϩ absent; posterior margin of mesopleuron T3) make the genus very distinct. Kieffer sometimes with rudimentary crenulae or ru- (1911) wrongly stated the notaulus absent in gulosity, upper margin of mesopleuron (un- Calogalesus, an error corrected by Masner der tegula) with several irregular longitudinal (1965). The above diagnosis and description grooves; metanotum moderately developed, of the genus is focused on the New World dorsellum with three low longitudinal keels; species and is not applicable to some exotic metapleuron rough rugulose, partly hairy; species. propodeum relatively large but short, roughly DISTRIBUTION: This is principally an Old rugose, with median keel not developed, keel World genus; we examined species of Calo- replaced by longitudinal rugulosity, plica not galesus from various parts of Africa, the Ori- clearly developed; posterolateral corners of ent, and Australia. Two undescribed species propodeum sometimes bladelike-projecting; are known to us from the Antilles (U.S. Vir- nucha extremely short; forewing relatively gin Is.) (CNCI), one of them probably a cos- short and broad, with extremely long mar- mopolitan species. ginal cilia, without longitudinal fold or apical BIOLOGY: Unknown. excision; costal cell rather broad, costal vein almost absent, rudimentary near tegula; sub- Peckidium, new genus marginal vein in forewing distinctly remote Figures 82, 83 from foremargin of wing, vein surpassing basal third of wing length; marginal vein re- DIAGNOSIS (&): Minute (about 1 mm), markably long, stigmal vein distinctly elon- gracile individuals; body color predominant- gate, two veins almost perpendicular to one ly light brown; body predominantly smooth, another, basal and other veins absent; hind highly shining, with only few scattered semi- wing extremely narrow, almost lanceolate, erect hairs, no hairy cushions and no foamy with tubular submarginal vein; legs moder- structures; head considerably depressed, oc- ately elongate, trochanters distinctly elon- ciput very long, with deep longitudinal sul- gate, femora and tibiae subclavate in poste- cus posteromedially; ocellar triangle situated rior half; apex of femora without ¯aps. ME- far in front of anterior orbit of eye, leaving TASOMA. Metasoma distinctly pedunculate, frons extremely short; face remarkably long; 118 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 antenna 14-segmented, with nonabrupt 5- without ¯aps, only moderately excavate ven- segmented clava; mesosoma strongly de- trally; A3±A9 small, almost beadlike; clava pressed and ¯attened dorso-ventrally; pron- nonabrupt, 5-segmented, clavomeres not ¯at- otum strongly developed dorsally, subtrape- tened ventrally, A14 largest, without ventral zoidal, as long as mesoscutum; anterior scu- pit. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively tellar pit replaced by arc of minute crenulae; short, distinctly depressed, much wider than propodeal keel replaced by deep depression; high, ¯attened dorsally, in lateral view from forewing very narrow, paddle-shaped, slight- pronotum to propodeum almost in one level; ly subangular, with extremely long marginal prothorax in dorsal view strongly developed, cilia; submarginal vein reaching foremargin subtrapezoidal, medially as long as mesos- of wing without forming marginal vein; stig- cutum, with longitudinal sulcus medially; mal vein not developed; postmarginal vein pronotal shoulders not developed; side of extremely long, reaching almost to apex of pronotum almost ¯at, epomium not devel- wing; metasoma past petiole with very nar- oped, hairy cushion along anterior margin row trapezoidal T2 (abdominal T3) and T3 not developed; spiracle on prothorax rela- (abdominal T4) large, hence no syntergite; tively small, not projecting; mesoscutum abdominal T8 with spiracles; abdominal T9 strongly transverse, much wider than long, with cerci; laterotergites relatively narrow, strongly ¯attened dorsally, with row of large loosely covering corresponding sternites; crenulae along anterior margin (between no- large sternite (past petiole) without longitu- tauli); parapsidal and anterior parallel lines dinal lateral groove. not developed; notaulus weakly indicated in DESCRIPTION (&): HEAD. Head in dorsal anterior half of mesoscutum, abbreviate in view slightly longer than wide, subovoid, posterior half, noncrenulate, converging pos- with antennal shelf and toruli moderately teriorly; humeral and suprahumeral sulci not projecting; frons unarmed; ocellar triangle developed; transscutal articulation present situated far in front of anterior orbit of eye; but very ®ne; anterior scutellar pit replaced occiput with deep longitudinal sulcus poster- by arc of minute crenulae; scutellar disc omedially, occipital carina well developed, broadly transverse, with no lateral keels, ax- rimlike, with minute crenulae; occipital illar, lateral and posterior scutellar pits not ¯ange rudimentary, not steplike; head in lat- developed; posterior margin of axilla round- eral view considerably elongate, strongly de- ed; axillar depression elongate, narrow, rel- pressed and ¯attened dorsally, antennal shelf atively shallow; mesopleuron moderately moderately projecting; level of torulus at convex, smooth and glabrous, with deep hor- midpoint of eye; eye relatively small, subcir- izontal sulcus in median oblique depression; cular, with relatively large ommatidia; oral epicnemial pit well developed; sternaulus not carina not projecting; postgena relatively developed; upper margin of mesopleuron broad; head in frontal view with face almost (under tegula) rimlike; metanotum strongly ¯at, slightly longer than wide; clypeus re- reduced, replaced by deep crenulate groove, markably narrow, distinctly higher than dorsellum not clearly de®ned; metapleuron wide, with anterior margin truncate, antero- smooth, glabrous, mirrorlike-shining, with lateral corners of clypeus acute; epistomal ventral carina (between mid and hind coxae) sulcus strongly developed at sides; labrum and dorsal carina (below propodeum); pro- not exposed; malar sulcus deep, together podeum relatively large, trapezoidal, with with orbital sulcus (from inner orbit of eye spiracle situated in extreme anterolateral cor- to mandibular condyle) enclosing triangle in ner; median keel replaced by shallow sub- malar space; malar space shorter than eye triangular depression, plica weakly devel- height; cheek not striate; tentorial pit rudi- oped, area between plica and median depres- mentary; mandible short, strong, very broad sion smooth, shining and glabrous; postero- at base, clasped, tridentate, middle tooth lon- lateral corners of propodeum not projecting; gest; palpi very short, palpal formula 3±1; nucha relatively long; forewing very narrow, head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge paddle shaped, slightly subangular at mid- not developed; antenna 14-segmented; A1 point, with extremely long marginal cilia; relatively long, subcylindrical, apical rim submarginal vein reaching foremargin of 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 119

wing without forming marginal vein; stigmal BIOLOGY: The host is unknown. The ma- vein not developed; postmarginal vein ex- jority of specimens examined were collected tremely long, reaching almost to apex of in undisturbed lowland tropical rainforests, wing, with no other veins, posterior half of i.e., not associated with human activity; how- wing with whitish horizontal line parallelling ever, one female (Carabobo, Venezuela) was posterior margin of wing; hind wing ex- collected in a coffee plantation. tremely narrow, stalked in anterior half, lan- ceolate, with long marginal cilia, submargin- Peckidium enigmaticum, new species al vein tubular in basal half; legs relatively Figures 82, 83 short and strong, trochanters distinctly elon- gate, femora distinctly clavate; apex of hind DESCRIPTION: Holotype, &: Length 1.1 femur without ¯aps. METASOMA. Petiole mm; body yellowish brown with legs (in- moderately elongate, cylindrical, with irreg- cluding coxae) slightly lighter; forewing gen- ular ®ne rugulosity, with moderate ¯ange an- erally infuscate, with distinct transverse ligh- teriorly; metasoma past petiole considerably ter band near midpoint of wing (past frenal depressed dorso-ventrally, much wider than gutter). HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly high, with very narrow trapezoidal T2 (ab- longer than wide (23:19); vertex and occiput dominal T3) and T3 (abdominal T4) large, smooth, shining, with few scattered setiger- hence no syntergite; abdominal T8 with spi- ous punctures; median longitudinal sulcus on racles; abdominal T9 with cerci; laterotergi- occiput reaching midway to posterior ocelli; tes relatively narrow; large sternite (past pet- temple slightly longer than eye (7:6), dis- iole) without longitudinal lateral groove. tinctly receding toward occipital carina; to- TYPE SPECIES: Peckidium enigmaticum, ruli separated by space subequal to their di- new species (&) (described below), by pre- ameter; anterior ocellus remote from torulus sent designation. by less than its own diameter; head in lateral RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Pecki- view distinctly longer than high (23:12); eye dium is no doubt the most unusual member height: malar space (9:5); head in frontal of the family Diapriidae. Several character view with space between toruli only slightly states (e.g., position of ocelli, long pronotum, emarginate, face smooth, shining, with scat- venation of forewing, short trapezoidal T2) tered ®ne pilosity; antennal segments in rel- are truly unique not only for the Diapriinae ative proportions (12:3), (4:2.5), (2:2.5), (1.5: but for the entire family Diapriidae. There- 2), (1:2), (1:2), (1:2), (1.5:2.5), (2:3), (3:4), fore, the classi®cation of Peckidium in the (3.5:4.5), (4:4.5), (4.5:4.5), (6:4.5). MESO- Diapriinae is considered as a tentative com- SOMA. Mesosoma longer than wide (35:22); promise. pronotum medially (including cervix) only ETYMOLOGY: The name of this unusual ge- slightly shorter than mesoscutum (7:10), with nus honors Dr. S. B. Peck (Carleton Univer- median line ®nely crenulate; side of prono- sity, Ottawa), who collected the ®rst individ- tum predominantly smooth; mesoscutum uals of P. enigmaticum, and over the years strongly transverse, smooth and shining, al- contributed generously with rich entomolog- most glabrous, distinctly wider than long (18: ical material to the Canadian National Col- 10); notaulus widest anteriorly, gradually ta- lection of Insects. The suf®x idium is stress- pering posteriorly, not exceeding midpoint of ing the diminutive nature of this tiny wasp; mesoscutum; axilla relatively large, subtrian- the gender is neuter. gular, scutellar disc smooth, shining, almost DISTRIBUTION: The only known species, P. glabrous; plica complete, represented by ir- enigmaticum, may very well be tropicopoli- regular rugulose carina; forewing with lon- tan in distribution; the present known distri- gest marginal cilia subequal to wing width. bution indicates possible relict characters of METASOMA. Petiole moderately elongate the genus. We examined numerous speci- (14:5.5); T2 (abdominal T3) narrow, trape- mens from tropical South and Central Amer- zoidal, transverse, wider than long (15:2.5); ica (including the Antilles), the Guinea of T3 (abdominal T4) very large, as long as West Africa, the Philippines (Leyte), and wide (25:25), with scattered semiappressed Papua New Guinea (New Britain). hairs, predominantly at sides and along pos- 120 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268 terior margin; T5 and following tergites with michal, Canoabo, J.L. Garcia (MIZA); 1&, long semierect hairs; cercus very small, with El Pao Pilancones, January 12±16, 1995, A. two long bristles. AlemaÂn, MT (MIZA); 1&, TOBAGO, 10 MALE: Recently the junior author collected km NE Roxborough, 450 m, Gilpin trail, three males that obviously belonged to Peck- May 28±31, 1993, S.B. Peck, MT in rainfo- idium. However, at this time we prefer not to rest; 1&, TRINIDAD, 8 km N Arima, Simla assign these males to P. enigmaticum. Sur- Res. Sta., 260 m, June 24±July 8, 1993, S.B. prisingly, the antenna is 12-segmented in two Peck, FIT, in lower montane forest; 1& AF- males and 13-segmented in another male. RICA, Guinea, Mt. Nimba, 7Њ42ЈN, 8Њ23ЈW, TYPE MATERIAL:26&. Holotype, & (CNC December 1990±March 1991, L. Leblanc, no. 22460), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, FIT rainforest; 1&, same as above, Gouan Prov. Barahona, 7 km NW Paraiso, 200 m, River, July 27±30, 1990; 1&, PHILIP- November 27±December 4, 1991, L. Masner PINES, Leyte near Baybay, Mt. Pangasugan, & S.B. Peck, FIT, rainforest remnant well 10Њ45ЈN, 124Њ50ЈE, 250 m, May 28±30, preserved. Paratypes, 1&, COSTA RICA, 1987, D.C. Darling, YPT; 1&, PAPUA Heredia Prov., Braulio Carillo N.P., 1400 m, NEW GUINEA, East New Britain, Bayn- June 12, 1985, H. Goulet & L. Masner, s.s.; ings Mts., base camp DPI station, river, April 1&, Guanacaste Prov. Guanacaste National 3±15, 1999, L. Leblanc & M. Kalaman, FIT/ Park, Biological Station Pitilla, 1200 m, Feb- YPT. ruary 11, 1995, L. Masner, YPT; 1&, CUBA, ETYMOLOGY: From enigmaticum (Latin), Pinar Del Rio, Sierra Del Rosario, Rangel, referring to the mysterious nature of this spe- 15 km S Cinco Pesos, June 30, 1990, M.A. cies. Ivie, Berlese from dead log and leaf litter; DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical region (Antil- 1&, Santiago Prov., 6 km NE Siboney, 150 les, Central and South America), Ethiopian m, Tres Arroyos, Rio Jurangua, 19Њ59ЈN, region (West Africa), Oriental region (Phil- 75Њ60ЈW, December 16, 1995, L. Masner, ippines), and Australian region (Papua New YPT in creek bed; 1&, DOMINICAN RE- Guinea). The real distribution is probably PUBLIC, same data as holotype; 2&, EC- much wider as the tiny individuals are easily UADOR, Pichincha Prov., 47 km S Santo overlooked in bulk material. Domingo, Rio Palenque Station, June±Au- BIOLOGY: Host unknown; several individ- gust 1985, S. & J. Peck, lowland rainforest, uals were sifted from forest leaf litter (with FIT; 1&, same as above, July 22±31, 1976; fungi) in lowland rainforests. 1&, same as above, February 4, 1983, L. VARIATION: Despite its tropicopolitan dis- Masner, s.s.; 1&, Napo, 400 m, Jatun Sacha tribution spanning four zoogeographic re- Lodge, 21 km E Puerto Napo, July 20, 1994, gions, individuals of P. enigmaticum exhibit Levy & GeÂnier, in FIT rainforest; 1&, a surprisingly low degree of variation. FRENCH GUIANA, 5 km N Saul, 3Њ38ЈN, Among the 26 specimens examined, the 53Њ13ЈW, 160±260 m, October 1995, D. Gri- body size varies from 1 to 1.1 mm. Some maldi, YPT in creek bed; 4&, GUATE- specimens are slightly darker (castaneous MALA, Dep. Izabal, Las Escobas, 8 km SW brown) than the holotype. The median lon- Puerto Barrilos, 150±200 m, November 12± gitudinal sulcus on occiput may be longer or 14, 1986, M. Sharkey, from sifted bog and shorter and the median longitudinal sulcus on bracket fungi on log; 1&, PANAMA, Canal pronotum may be less developed in some in- Zone, Barro Colorado Is., July 29, 1976, dividuals. The length of notaulus is also sub- R.B. & L.S. Kimsey; 1&, same as above, ject to minor variation. February 27, 1976, A. Newton, Berlese leaf- litter forest ¯oor; 1&, PERU, Tambopata ABBREVIATIONS Prov., Dep. Madre de Dios, 16 km NE Puerto Maldonado, Res. Cuzco, Amazonica, a& female antenna 12Њ33ЈS, 69Њ03ЈW, 200 m, June 17, 1989, J.S. a( male antenna Ashe & R.A. Leschen, FIT no. 35; 3&, A1 (scape), antennomeres VENEZUELA, Guri, December 28, 1987, A2 (pedi- M. Sanborne, MT FIT; 1&, Carabobo, Pal- cel), A3. . . 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 121 acl antennal clava pnt pronotum (side) ad axillar depression ppl parapsidal line ap axillar pit psp posterior scutellar pits apl anterior parallel line Rs2 second abscissa of R vein as antennal shelf Rs3 third abscissa of R vein asp anterior scutellar pit(s) S1, S2, S3 sternites ax axilla SC scutellum bv basal vein sd scutellar disc ce cervix sp1 pronotal spiracle cl clypeus sp2 propodeal spiracle cx1 forecoxa stn sternaulus cx2 mid coxa stv stigmal vein cx3 hind coxa sv submarginal vein ds dorsellum T1, T2, T3 tergites ed epistomal declivity eh eye height te temple em epomium tg tegula ep epicnemial pit tp tentorial pit fc face tr torulus fr frons tsa transscutal articulation hd head in dorsal view ueo upper eye orbit hf head in frontal view w forewing HH head height hl head in lateral view HL head length ACKNOWLEDGMENTS hs humeral sulcus HW head width Our sincere thanks are extended to cura- leo lower eye orbit lsp lateral scutellar pit tors and staff of institutions (listed under Ma- M medial vein terials) for the loan of types and other rele- M ϩ Cu1 medial and cubital veins vant material. Similarly, we are grateful to mc marginal cilia numerous friends and colleagues who, over md mandible the years, supplied or donated valuable ma- MH mesosoma height terial to the Canadian National Collection in ML mesosoma length Ottawa. The senior author wishes to ac- mpk median propodeal keel mpl mesopleuron knowledge support by the Instituto Nacional ms malar sulcus de Biodiversidad (INBio, Costa Rica) for two msc mesoscutum major collecting trips in Costa Rica. The ju- msl mesosoma in lateral view nior author is grateful to Centro de Investi- mtd metasoma in dorsal view gaciones de la Universidad Simon Rodriguez MTH metasoma height for supporting his sabbatical visit and train- mtn metanotum ing in Canada (1993). We thank S. Rigby mtp metapleuron (presently at the Agriculture Research Sta- mv marginal vein MTW metasoma width tion in Kentville, NS) for preparing all but MW mesosoma width two of the line drawings. Our very special nt notaulus thanks go to Ms. J. Denis-Gill for the mas- nu nucha sive support in editing the text, preparing the oeo outer eye orbit plates and captions, and proofreading the of occipital ¯ange manuscript. Mr. David Notton (Reading Mu- pc pronotal cushion seum, England), Mr. Marco Gaiani (Univer- peo posterior eye orbit sidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay), Dr. pet petiole pg postgena Robert Wharton and Mr. Matthew Yoder pgc postgenal cushion (Texas A&M, USA), and Dr. Paul Marsh pl ϩica (University of Kansas, USA) reviewed the pmv postmarginal vein manuscript and made valuable comments. 122 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

REFERENCES De Santis, L. 1967. CataÂlogo de los himenoÂpteros argentinos de la Serie Parasitica incluyendo Be- Ashmead, W. H. 1893. Monograph of the North thyloidea. Provincia de Buenos Aires Gober- American Proctotrypidae. United States Na- nacion, Comision de Investigacion Cienti®ca. tional Museum Bulletin 45: 1±472. [Direccion de impresiones del estado y boletin Ashmead, W. H. 1895. Report on the parasitic Hy- o®cial]. 337 pp. menoptera of the island of Grenada, comprising De Santis, L. 1980. CataÂlogo de los himenoÂpteros the families Cynipidae, Ichneumonidae, Bra- brasilenÄos de la Serie Parasitica incluyendo Be- conidae, and Proctotrypidae. Proceedings of the thyloidea. [Editora Universidade Federal do Zoological Society of London 1895: 742±821. Parana Curitiba]. 395 pp. Ashmead, W. H. 1903. Classi®cation of the point- Dodd, A. P. 1920. Notes on the exotic Proctotru- ed-tailed wasps, or the superfamily Proctotry- poidea in the British and Oxford University poidea±II. Journal of the New York Entomo- Museums, with descriptions of new genera and logical Society 11: 31. species. Transactions of the Entomological So- Backlund, H. 1945. Wreck fauna of Sweden and ciety of London 1919: 321±382. Finland, ecology and chorology. Opuscula en- Evans, H. E. 1969. Phoretic copulation in Hy- tomologica supplementum 5: 1±237. menoptera. Entomological News 80: 113±124. Baudoin, R. 1949. Un HymeÂnopteÁre nouveau pour Fabritius, K. 1968. Antipapria n. gen., eine neue la zone intercotidale de Roscoff. In XIIIe Con- Diapriiden-Gattung aus Argentinien (Hyme- greÁs International de Zoologie, Paris: 469±470. noptera, Proctotrupoidea). Travaux du MuseÂum Baudoin, R. 1952. Contribution aÁ l'úcologie et aÁ d'histoire naturelle ``Grigore Antipa'' 8: 841± la biogeÂographie de la zone intercotidale des 844. Charentes. C.R. sommaires BiogeÂographie 251: Fabritius, K. 1974. Die Gattung Doliopria Kieffer 73±82. 1910 und nebenstehende Gattungen (Hymenop- Borgmeier, T. 1939. Sobre alguns Diapriideos tera: Diapriidae). Folia Entomologica Hungari- myrmecophilos, principalmente do Brasil ca 27: 53±57. (Hym. Diapriidae). Revista de EntomologõÂa 10: FerrieÁre, C. 1929. Nouveaux Diapriides du BreÂsil, 530±545. hoÃtes des Eciton. Zoologischer Anzeiger 82: BreÁthes, J. 1911. Himenopteros Argentinos. An- 156±171. ales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Fischer, C. R. 1940. Adelioneiva concolor, nov. Buenos Aires 20: 205±316. gen. n. sp., um novo diapriideo myrmecophilo BreÁthes, J. 1927a. ParaÂsitos e hipersaÂto de ``Dia- de Goyaz (Hym. Diapriidae). Revista de Ento- traea saccharalis'' en la canÄa de azuÂcar, en Tu- mologia 11: 397±401. cumaÂn. Revista industrial y agrõÂcola de Tucu- Foerster, A. 1856. Hymenopterologische Studien. maÂn 17: 163±166. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii, 2: 1±152. BreÁthes, J. 1927b. HymeÂnopteÁres Sud-AmeÂricains Aachen: Ernsteer Meer. du Deutsches Entomologisches Institut: Tere- Fouts, R. M. 1924. New bethylid and serphoid brantia. Entomologische Mitteilungen 16: 296± parasites from North America (Hymenoptera). 309, 319±335. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Brown, H. P. 1967. Psephenids (Coleoptera: Dry- Washington 26: 159±166. opoidea) parasitized by eulophid and diapriid Fouts, R. M. 1939. Descriptions of one new genus wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea and Proc- and three new species of Diapriidae (Hyme- totrupoidea). American Zoologist 7(2): 31. noptera). Proceedings of the Entomological So- Brues, C. T. 1903. Descriptions of new ant-like ciety of Washington 41: 260±263. and myrmecophilous Hymenoptera. Transac- GarcõÂa, J. L. 2000. Nuevos registros geneÂricos tions of the American Entomological Society para Venezuela de Hymenoptera ParasõÂtica. 29: 119±128. BoletõÂn de EntomologõÂa Venezolana 15(1): Brues, C. T. 1915. Some new parasitic Hymenop- 113±117. tera from Brasil. Psyche 22: 1±13. Goulet, H., and J. T. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera Crawford, J. C. 1910. New Hymenoptera from the of the world: An identi®cation guide to fami- Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United lies. Agriculture Canada Publication 1894/E: States National Museum 38: 119±133. 537±557. Dalla Torre, K. W. v. 1898a. Catalogus hymen- Haliday, A. H. 1829. In Curtis, A guide to an opterorum hucusque . . . IV: Braconidae. 1± arrangement of British insects, column 108. 323. London. Dalla Torre, K. W. v. 1898b. Catalogus hymen- Haliday, A. H. 1857. Note on a peculiar form of opterorum hucusque . . . V: Chalcididae et the ovaries observed in a hymenopterous in- Proctotrupidae. 1±598. sect, constituting a new genus and species of 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 123

the family Diapridae. Natural History Review Kieffer, J. J. 1921. Proctotrypides hoÃtes des four- 4: 166±174. mis en Argentine. Anales de la Sociedad Cien- Hanson, P., and I. D. Gauld. 1995. The Hyme- tõ®ca Argentina 91: 36±41. noptera of Costa Rica. London: Oxford Uni- Kieffer, J. J. 1922. Trois nouveaux HymenopteÁres versity Press. d'Argentine recuellis par C. Bruch. Anales de HelleÂn, W. 1963. Die Diapriinen Finnlands (Hy- la Sociedad Cienti®ca Argentina 94: 205±208. menoptera; Proctotrupoidea). Fauna Fennica Kistner, D. H., and L. N. Davis. 1989. New spe- 14: 1±35. cies of Notoxopria and their behavior, with Hogue, C. L. 1973. A taxonomic review of the notes on Mimopria (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). genus Maruina (Diptera: Psychodidae). Science Sociobiology 16: 217±238. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Los Kozlov, M. A. 1978. In G. S. Medvedev, Keys to Angeles County 17: 1±69. Insects of the European Part of USSR;Hyme- noptera, superfamily Proctotrupoidea. 3(2): Holmgren, N. 1908. UÈ ber einige myrmecophile 538±691. Leningrad: Nauka. Insekten aus Bolivia und Peru. Zoologischer Krombein K. V., and B. D. Burks. 1967. Hyme- Anzeiger 33: 337±349. noptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Huggert, L., and L. Masner. 1983. A review of Catalog. United States Department of Agricul- myrmecophilic-symphilic diapriid wasps in the ture Monograph 2(2nd suppl.): 1±584. Wash- Holarctic realm, with descriptions of new taxa ington. and a key to genera (Hymenoptera Proctotru- Latreille, P. A. 1796. PreÂcis des characteÁres geÂ- poidea: Diapriidae). Contributions to the Amer- neÂriques des insectes, disposeÂs dans un order ican Entomological Institute 20: 63±89. naturel. Paris: PreÂvoÃt. 110 pp. Johnson, N. F. 1992. Catalog of world species of LoiaÂcono, M. S. 1981. Notas sobre Diapriinae Proctotrupoidea, exclusive of Platygastridae neotropicales (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae). Re- (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American En- vista de la Sociedad EntomoloÂgica Argentina tomological Institute 51: 1±825. 40(1±4): 237±241. Kieffer, J. J. 1905a. Nouveaux Proctotrypides ex- LoiaÂcono, M. S. 1987. Un nuevo diaÂprido (Hy- otiques conserveÂs au MuseÂe Civique de GeÃnes. menoptera) parasitoide de larvas de Acromyr- Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di mex ambiguus (Emery) (Hymemoptera, For- Genova 2(2): 9±39. micidae) en el Uruguay. Revista de la Sociedad Kieffer, J. J. 1905b. Description de nouveaux Hy- EntomoloÂgica Argentina 44(2): 129±136. meÂnopteÁres exotiques. Bulletin de la SocieÂte LoiaÂcono, M. S., and C. B. MargarõÂa. 2000. Sys- d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz 24: 85±114. tematic and cladistic analysis of the myrmeco- Kieffer, J. J. 1906. Description de quelques nou- philic genus Gymnopria LoiaÂcono (Hymenop- veaux serphides. Bulletin de la Societe tera: Diapriidae). Insect Systematics & Evolu- d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz 25: 1±7. tion 31(2): 187±200. Kieffer, J. J. 1907. Beschreibung neuer im British Maneval, H. 1939. Deux nouveaux genres et un Museum zu London aufbewahrter Proctotrypi- nouvelle espeÁce de Diapriidae (Hym.) Bulletin den. Berliner Entomologische Zietschrift 51: de la SocieÂte Entomologique de France 44: 279±302. 168±172. Kieffer, J. J. 1910a. In E. AndreÂ, Species des Hy- Mann, W. M. 1918. Myrmecophilous insects from Cuba. Psyche 25: 104±106. meÂnopteÁres d'Europe et d'AlgeÂrie 10: 593±752. Mann, W. M. 1923. Two serphoid guests of Eciton Paris. (Hym.). Proceedings of the Entomological So- Kieffer, J. J. 1910b. Beschreibung neuer suÈda- ciety of Washington 25: 181±182. merikanischer im Zoologischen Museum zu Masner, L. 1959. A revision of ecitophilous Dia- Berlin aufbewahrter Diapriiden. Entomologis- priid-genus Mimopria Holmgren (Hym. Proc- che Rundschau 27: 39±40, 46±48, 52±56. totrupoidea). Insectes Sociaux 6(4): 361±367. Kieffer, J. J. 1911. In E. AndreÂ, Species des Hy- Masner, L. 1964a. A comparison of some Nearctic meÂnopteÁres d'Europe et d'AlgeÂrie 10: 753±912. and Palearctic genera of Proctotrupoidea (Hy- Paris. menoptera) with revisional notes. CÏ asopis CÏ es- Kieffer, J. J. 1912. Hymenoptera fam. Diapriidae. koslovenske SpolecÏnosti Entomologicke 61: In P. Wytsman, Genera Insectorum, fascicle 123±155. 124: 1±75. Masner, L. 1964b. A redescription of three species Kieffer, J. J. 1913. Serphides desà Iles Philippines. of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) from Juri- Insecta 3: 253±260. ne's collection. Entomophaga 9(1): 81±89. Kieffer, J. J. 1916. Diapriidae. Das Tierreich 44. Masner, L. 1965. The types of Proctotrupoidea 1±627. (Hymenoptera) in the British Museum (Nat. 124 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Hist.) and the Hope Department of Entomology Muesebeck, C. F. W., and L. M. Walkley. 1956. (Oxford). Bulletin of the British Museum (Nat- Type species of the genera and subgenera of ural History) Entomology, Suppl. 1: 1±154. parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Masner, L. 1969a. The Provancher species of Proctotrupoidea (Order Hymenoptera). Pro- Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). Naturaliste ceedings of the United States National Museum Canadien 96: 775±784. 105: 319±419. Masner, L. 1969b. Two new genera of Diapriinae Nixon, G. E. J. 1980. Diapriidae (Diapriinae). Hy- (Diapriidae, Hymenoptera) with transantarctic menoptera, Proctotrupoidea. Handbooks for the relationships. Psyche 76: 311±325. Identi®cation of British Insects 8(3): 1±55. Masner, L. 1974. Szelenyisca n. gen., a new genus Notton, D. G. 1991. Some Diptera host records of Neotropical Diapriidae (Hymenoptera: Proc- for the species of Basalys and Trichopria totrupoidea) Folia Entomologica Hungarica 27: (Hym., Diapriidae). Entomologist's Monthly 109±111. Magazine 127: 123±126. Masner, L. 1976. Notes on the ecitophilous dia- Notton, D. G. 1993. New species of Trichopria priid genus Mimopria Holmgren (Hymenop- and Diapria from the British Isles (Hym., Proc- tera: Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae). Canadian totrupoidea, Diapriidae). Entomologist's Entomologist 108: 123±126. Monthly Magazine 129: 139±150. Masner, L. 1977. A new genus of ecitophilous Notton, D. G. 1995. A catalogue of type material diapriid wasps from Arizona (Hymenoptera: of the British Diapria genus group (Hymenop- Proctotrupoidea: Diapriidae). Canadian Ento- tera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae). BeitraÈge zur mologist 109: 33±36. Entomologie 45: 269±298. Masner, L. 1991. Revision of Spilomicrus West- Ogloblin, A. A. 1955. Un genero nuevo de Dia- wood in America north of Mexico (Hymenop- priinae de Patagonia (Hymenoptera, Diapri- tera: Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae). Canadian idae). Neotropica 1(6): 85±88. Entomologist 123: 107±177. Ogloblin, A. A. 1957. Los Insectos de las Islas Masner, L., and G.A.P. Gibson. 1979. The sepa- Juan FernaÂndez. 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphroni- ration bagÐa new device to aid in collecting dae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera). insects. Canadian Entomologist 111: 1197± Revista Chilena EntomologõÂa 5: 413±444. 1198. Ogloblin, A. A. 1958. Un geÂnero nuevo de la fam- Masner, L., and H. Goulet. 1981. A new model ilia Diapriidae (Hymenoptera). Neotropica 4: of ¯ight-interception trap for some hymenop- 13±16. terous insects. Entomological News 92(5): Ogloblin, A. A. 1959. Un geÂnero nuevo de la fam- 199±202. ilia Diapriidae (Hym.) de Patagonia. Revista de Masner, L., and L. Huggert. 1989. World review la Sociedad EntomoloÂgica Argentina 21: 43± and keys to genera of the subfamily Inostem- 46. matinae with reassignment of the taxa to the Ogloblin, A. A. 1960. Tres especies nuevas del Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hyme- genero Doliopria del Ecuador (Diapriidae, Hy- noptera: Platygasteridae). Memoirs of the En- menoptera). Revista de la Sociedad EntomoloÂ- tomological Society of Canada 147: 1±214. gica Argentina 22: 1±4, 71±76. Masner, L., and C.F.W. Muesebeck. 1968. The Panzer, G. W. F. 1801. Faunae insectorum Ger- types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the maniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten 83: 1± United States National Museum. United States 11. National Museum Bulletin 270: 1±143. Peck, S. B., and J. Cook. 1992. Use of ``car nets'' Masner, L, and A. Sundholm. 1959. Some no- to sample ¯ying Micro-Coleoptera. Canadian menclatoric problems in Diapriidae (Hym., Entomologist 124: 745±749. Proctotrupoidea) CÏ asopis CÏ eske SpolecÏnosti Pschorn-Walcher, H. 1957. Zur Kenntnis der Dia- Entomologicke 56: 161±168. priidae (Hym., Proctotrupoidea). Mitteilungen Muesebeck, C. F. W. 1980. The Nearctic parasitic der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesell- wasps of the genera Psilus Panzer and Coptera schaft 29: 58±88. Say (Hymenoptera. Proctotrupoidea, Diapri- Risbec, J. 1950. Contribution aÁ l'eÂtude des Proc- inae). United States Department of Agriculture totrupidae (Serphiidae). ProctotrupideÂs de la Technical Bulletin No. 1617: 1±71. Section technique d'Agriculture tropicale Muesebeck, C. F. W., and L. M. Walkley. 1951. (A.O.F.) et ProctotrupideÂs du MuseÂum national In C.F.W. Muesebeck, K.V. Krombein, and d'Histoire naturelle (Afrique et Colonies fran- H.K. Townes, Hymenoptera of America north cËais). Travaux du Laboratoire d'Entomologie of Mexico. Synoptic Catalogue. United States du secteur Soudanais de Researches Agrono- Department of Agriculture Monograph 2: 1± miques, Gouvernement GeÂneÂrale de l'Afrique 1420. Occidentale FrancËais. 639 pp. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 125

Sanders, G. E. 1911. Notes on the breeding of idae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Na- Tropidopria conica Fabr. Canadian Entomolo- tionalis Hungarici 53: 491±494. gist 43: 48±50. Townes, H. K. 1972. A light-weight Malaise trap. Say, T. 1836. Descriptions of new species of Entomological News 83: 239±247. North American Hymenoptera, and observa- Wasmann, E. 1925. Die Ameisenmimikry. Ab- tions on some already described. Boston Jour- handlungen zur theoretischen Biologie 19: 1± nal of Natural History 1: 209±305, 361±416. 164. Silvestri, F. 1914. Report of an expedition to Af- Westwood, J. O. 1832. Descriptions of several rica in seach of the natural enemies of fruit ¯ies new British forms amongst the parasitic hy- (Trypaneidae), with descriptions, observations menopterous insects. London & Edinburgh and biological notes. Bulletin of Entomology and Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science Agriculture of Hawaii 3: 1±176. 1: 127±129. Simmonds, F. J. 1953. Parasites of the frit-¯y, Os- Westwood, J. O. 1833. Descriptions of several cinella frit (L.) in eastern North America. Bul- new British forms amongst the parasitic hy- letin of Entomological Research 43: 503±542. menopterous insect. London & Edinburgh Phil- Sundholm, A. 1960. On Diapria Latreille and al- osophical Magazine and Journal of Science 3: lied genera (Hym., Diapriidae). Opuscula En- 342±344. tomologica 25: 215±223. Wing, M. W. 1951. A new genus and species of Szabo, J. B. 1961. Neue palaÈarktische Gattungen myrmecophilous Diapriidae with taxonomic und Arten der Diapriiden in der Sammlung des and biological notes on related forms. Trans- Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Muse- actions of the Royal Entomological Society of ums (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapri- London 102: 195±210. 126 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

INDEX (synonyms in italics) Eladio, 79 Ortona, 34 Eladio cruzi, 80 Ortona hansoni, 36 Acanthopria, 61 Entomacis, 44 Acidopria,70 Epomium, 46 Paramesius, 52 Adelioneiva,61 Epomium cicatrix, 48 Peckidium, 117 Adeliopria,44 Eriopria,48 Peckidium enigmaticum, Aneurhynchus, 8 Euplacopria,65 119 Aneuropria, 31 Pentapria, 54 Antipapria,54 Ferrugenus, 48 Pezopria,31 Aparamesius,52 Phaenopria, 108 Apopria, 63 Galesus,37 Philolestoides, 101 Apopria coveri, 65 Gymnopria, 105 Philolestoides wasmanni, Ashmeadopria, 108 109 Asolenopsia, 65 Hansona, 81 Planopria, 108 Asolenopsia gibba, 67 Hansona pauli, 82 Planopriella, 102 Atrichopria,89 Hemilexis,44 Platymischus, 102 Aulatopria,39 Hemilexodes,44 Platymischus dilatatus, Austropria, 116 Hoplopria,57 103 Auxopaedeutes, 67 Plutopria,57 Avoca, 69 Idiotypa, 51 Poecilopsilus, 56 Avoca collaris, 70 Psilini, 31 Kiefferopria,89 Psilogasteroides,97 Bakeria,54 Psilus, 37 Basalys, 70 Labidopria, 83 Psychopria, 103 Bruchopria, 39 Labolips, 8 Psychopria hoguei, 104 Bruchopria pentatoma, 40 Lepidopria, 11 Schizogalesus,33 Bruesopria, 72 Leucopria, 85 Solenopsia, 11 Leucopria cylindricornis, Spilomicrini, 38 Caecopria, 113 86 Spilomicrinus,54 Calogalesus, 116 Linkiola,57 Spilomicrus, 57 Ceratopria, 108 Loxotropa auct.,57 Szelenyiopria, 105 Chilomicrus, 40 Szelenyiopria lucens, 106 Martinica,76 Szelenyisca, 106 Chilomicrus pecki, 42 Megaplastopria, 87 Coptera, 33 Mimopria, 89 Townesella, 107 Corynopria,93 Mimopriella, 90 Townesella marjoriae, 108 Cracinopria,67 Mitropria, 92 Trichopria, 108 Monelata, 93 Tritopria,57 Diapria, 75 Myrmecopria, 94 Tropidopria, 75 Diapriini, 60 Myrmecopria mellea, 96 Turripria, 110 Doddius, 43 Turripria woldai, 111 Doddius rugosus, 44 Neivapria, 96 Doliopria, 76 Nesopria,70 Xanthopria, 112 Doliopria reichenspergeri, Notoxoides, 97 Xanthopria nitida, 113 106 Notoxopria,97 Xanthopria opaca, 113 Xenismarus, 59 Ecitovagus, 77 Omopria, 99 Xenopria,54 Ecitovagus gibbus, 78 Omopria brevipalpis, 100 Xyalopria,87 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 127

Figs. A±E. A. Diapriinae, lateral view; B. Diapriinae, dorsal view; C. Diapriinae head, frontal view; D. Diapriinae head, lateral view; E. Diapriinae, forewing. 128 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 1±9. 1, Acanthopria crassicornis Ashmead, male, antenna; 2, A. crassicornis male, A1, A2, A3 ϩ A4, A5; 3, Acathopria sp. female, antenna; 4, Acanthopria sp. female, forewing; 5, A. crassicornis female habitus, lateral view; 6, Aneuropria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 7, Aneuropria sp. female habitus, lateral view: 8, Apopria coveri n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 9, Apopria coveri n. sp. female habitus, lateral view (pilosity omitted). 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 129

Figs. 10±20. 10, Asolenopsia gibba n. sp. female, lateral view; 11, Asolenopsia sp. female, lateral view;12, Asolenopsia gibba n. sp., female habitus, dorsal view; 13, Asolenopsia sp. female habitus, lateral view; 14, Asolenopsia sp., female forewing; 15, Auxopaedeutes lyriformis Brues, male antenna; 16, A. lyrifornis female, dorsal view; 17, A. lyriformis female head, dorsal view; 18, A. lyriformis female metasoma, ventral view; 19, A. lyriformis female habitus, lateral view; 20, Avoca collaris n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view. 130 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 21±33. 21, Basalys sp. female head, dorsal view; 22, Basalys sp. female habitus, lateral view; 23, Bruchopria sp. female pronotum, lateral view; 24, Bruchopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 25, Bruesopria sp. female, lateral view; 26, Bruesopria sp. female, dorsal view; 27, Caecopria sp. male head, frontal view; 28, Caecopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 29, Caecopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 30, Caecopria sp. male, dorsal view; 31, Caecopria sp. male habitus, lateral view; 32, Chilomicrus pecki n. sp. male habitus, lateral view; 33, C. pecki male habitus, dorsal view. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 131

Figs. 34±44. 34, Calogalesus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 35, Cruzia amphoralis n. sp. female, apical tergite; 36, C. amphoralis female habitus, dorsal view; 37, Coptera sp. female habitus, lateral view; 38, Diapria conica (Fabricius) female habitus, lateral view; 39, Doddius sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 40, Doddius sp. female habitus, lateral view; 41, Doliopria sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 42, Doliopria sp. female petiole dorsal view; 43, Doliopria sp. female head, frontal view; 44, Doliopria sp. female habitus, lateral view. 132 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 45±52. 45, Eladio cruzi n.sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 46, E. cruzi female, leg; 47, E. cruzi female habitus, lateral view; 48, Entomacis sp. (Chile), female, forewing; 49, Entomacis sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 50, Entomacis sp. female habitus, lateral view; 51, Ecitovagus gibbus Masner, female habitus, dorsal view; 52, E. gibbus female habitus, lateral view. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 133

Figs. 53±60. 53, Epomium cicatrix n. sp. female habitus, lateral view; 54, Ferrugenus chilensis n. sp. metasoma, dorsal view; 55a, Spilomicrus sp. A1±A2; 55b, Ferrugenus chilensis A1±A2; 56, Fer- rugenus chilensis habitus, lateral view; 57, Hansona pauli n. sp. habitus, dorsal view; 58, Labidopria sp. habitus, dorsal view; 59, Idiotypa sp. habitus, dorsal view; 60, Idiotypa sp. habitus, lateral view. 134 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 61±69. 61, Leucopria cylindricornis n. sp. female habitus, lateral view; 62, Megalastopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 63, Mimopriella sp. female petiole, dorsal view; 64, Mimopriella sp. female habitus, lateral view; 65, Mimopria comes Borgmeier female head, dorsal view; 66, M. comes female habitus, lateral view; 67, Mitropria sp. female head, lateral view; 68, Monelata sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 69, Monelata sp. female habitus, dorsal view. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 135

Figs. 70±79. 70, Myrmecopria mellea (Ashmead) female habitus, dorsal view; 71, M. mellea female, tarsomeres; 72, M. mellea female habitus, lateral view; 73, Neivapria penicillata Borgmeier, female habitus, lateral view; 74, Notoxoides sp. female head&ndashЈonotum, dorsal view; 75, Notoxoides sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 76, Notoxoides sp. female habitus, lateral view; 77, Omopria brevipalpis n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 78, Ortona hansoni n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 79, O. hansoni female habitus, lateral view. 136 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 80±88. 80, Paramesius sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 81, Paramesius sp. female habitus, lateral view; 82, Peckidium enigmaticum n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 83, P. enigmaticum female habitus, lateral view; 84, Philolestoides sp. female habitus, lateral view; 85, Pentapria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 86, Pentapria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 87, Poecilopsilus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 88, Poecilopsilus sp. female habitus, dorsal view. 2002 MASNER AND GARCIA: NEW WORLD DIAPRIINAE 137

Figs. 89±97. 89, Psilus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 90, Platymischus dilatatus, lateral view; 92, Psychopria hoguei n. sp. male metasoma, dorsal view; 93, P. hoguei male head, frontal view; 94, P. hoguei male habitus, lateral; 94a, P. hoguei male, A4±A5; 95, Szelenyisca sp. female head, lateral view; 96, Szelenyiopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 97, Spilomicrus atriclavus Ashmead, female habitus, lateral view. 138 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 268

Figs. 98±102. 98, Townesella marjoriae Huggert & Masner, habitus, lateral view; 99, Trichopria sp. habitus, lateral view; 100, Turripria woldai n. sp. habitus, lateral view; 101, Xenismarus sp. habitus, lateral view; 102, Xanthopria sp. habitus, lateral view.