Eng871 - Studies in Written African Poetry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eng871 - Studies in Written African Poetry ENG871 - STUDIES IN WRITTEN AFRICAN POETRY Course Developer/Writer Dr. Auwal Ibrahim Amba Department of English, Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi State [email protected] Course Editor Dr. Chris Egharevba Department of English University of Uyo Akwa Ibom State [email protected] Course Coordinator Dr. Bridget A. Yakubu Department of Languages National Open University of Nigeria Jabi, Abuja [email protected] 1 2 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… What You will Learn in this Course ………………………………………………… Course Aims …………………………………………………………………………… Course Objectives …………………………………………………………………… Working through the Course ………………………………………………………… Course Materials………………………………………………………………………… Study Units…………….………………………………………………………………… Textbooks and References……………………………………………………………… Assignment File………………………………………………………………………… Presentation Schedule ……………………………………………………………… Assessment……………………………………………………………………………… Tutor-Marked Assignment……………………………………………………………… Final Examination and Grading………………………………………………………… Course Marking Scheme………………………………………………………………… Course Overview………………………………………………………………………… How to Get the Most from this Course………………………………………………… Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials………………………………………………………… Summary…………………………………………………………………………… 3 INTRODUCTION ENG871 – STUDIES IN WRITTEN AFRICAN POETRY ENG871 is a one-semester course of three credit units. It is developed and written to cater for the study needs of postgraduate students of English departments in Nigeria. The course has twenty three units which include a general overview on poetry, the oral background of African poetry, the background and scope of written African poetry, aesthetics in African poetry, the pioneer African poets, poetry and African experience, colonial rule and African poetic response, the shortcomings of African independence, the Africa‘s cultural crisis/cultural rediscovery, the poets in exile, new protest voices and the woman‘s voice in African poetry. Others units examine the style and themes in the poems of some selected African poets that include Leopold Senghor, Wole Soyinka, Christopher Okigbo, Okot p‘Bitek, Kofi Awonoonor, Lenrie Peters, Kofi Ayindoho, Niyi Osundare, Sipho Semphala, Funso Aiyejina and Tenure Ojaide. The materials and examples used for this course are suitable for Nigerian post graduate students of English. The examples are drawn variously from selected popular African poetic renditions to further make the African poetry attractive to the learners. We have designed ENG871 to improve upon students‘ already acquired knowledge of African poetry in previous similar courses taught at the undergraduate class. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE The overall aim of ENG871: Studies in Written African Poetry is to familiarise the students with the general knowledge of written African poetry. Your understanding of this course will provide you adequate knowledge of written African poetry. COURSE AIMS This course is designed to take you through a critical study of African poetry from a detailed thematic and stylistic perspective. It is meant to: Acquaint you with the general of background of written African poetry including its historical development and the concept of African aesthetics. Draw your attention to certain issues in African poetry such as the relationship between African poetry and colonialism and the shortcomings of African independence. Rekindle your interest in some new issues in African poetry including of feminism, exile poetry and protest poetry To provide you with deep knowledge of the themes and style in the poetry of some selected African poets To introduce you to the themes and style in the poetry of some selected contemporary African poets. 4 COURSE OBJECTIVES To achieve the aims set out above, there are overall objectives. In addition, each unit has specific objectives. The unit objectives are always included at the beginning of the unit. You should read them before going through the units. You should always look at the unit objectives on completing the unit to assure yourself that you have done what the unit required and acquired the competencies it aimed to inculcate. Stated below are the wider objectives of this course. By meeting these objectives, you should have achieved the entire aims of this course. On successful completion of this course, you should be able to: Provide a general overview on poetry Outline the oral background of African poetry Discuss the background and scope of written African poetry Examine the concept of aesthetics in African poetry Discuss the poetry of some pioneer African writers Examine the idea of poetry and African experience Discuss the relationship between colonial rule and African poetic response Discuss the shortcomings of African independence in African poetry Examine the themes of Africa‘s cultural crisis/cultural rediscovery in written African poetry Explain the themes in the poetry of African poets in exile Examine the new protest voices in written African poetry Discuss the women‘s voices in African poetry Discuss the themes and style in the poems of each the following early African poets: Leopold Senghor, Wole Soyinka, Christopher Okigbo, Okot p‘Bitek, Kofi Awonoonor and Lenrie Peters Examine the themes and style in the poems of each the following contemporary African poets: Kofi Ayindoho, Niyi Osundare, Sipho Semphala, Funso Aiyejina and Tenure Ojaide WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE To complete this course, you are required to read the study units, read recommended books and other related materials you can lay your hands on. Each unit contains self-assessment exercises, which you are expected to use in assessing your understanding of the course. At the end of this course is a final examination. COURSE MATERIALS Major component of this course are: Course Guide Study Units Textbooks 5 Assignment File Presentation Schedule STUDY UNITS There are twenty three study units in this course. They are as follows: Module 1: BACKGROUND OF WRITTEN AFRICAN POETRY Unit 1 An Overview on Poetry Unit 2 Oral Background of African Poetry Unit 3 Background and Scope of Written African Poetry Unit 4 Aesthetics in African Poetry Unit 5 Written African Poetry: The Pioneers Module 2: ISSUES IN WRITTEN AFRICAN POETRY Unit 1 Poetry and African Experience Unit 2 Colonial Rule and African Poetic Response Unit 3 Shortcomings of African Independence Unit 4 Africa‘s Cultural Crisis/Cultural Rediscovery Unit 5 Poets in Exile Unit 6 New Protest Voices Unit 7 The Woman‘s Voice Module 3: SELECTED AFRICAN POETRY: THE EARLIER POETS Unit 1 The Poems of Leopold Senghor Unit 2 The Poems of Wole Soyinka Unit 3 The Poems of Christopher Okigbo Unit 4 The Poems of Okot p‘Bitek Unit 5 The Poems of Kofi Awonoonor Unit 6 The Poems of Lenrie Peters Module 4: SELECTED AFRICAN POETRY: THE CONTEMPORARIES Unit 1 The Poems of Kofi Ayindoho Unit 2 The Poems of Niyi Osundare Unit 3 The Poems of Sipho Semphala Unit 4 The Poems of Funso Aiyejina Unit 5 The Poems of Tenure Ojaide The first five units in the Module 1 provided the background of written African poetry while the seven units in Module 2 discussed some issues in written African poetry. The remaining six units in Module 4 and five units in Module 4 discussed the themes and style employed by some selected African poets. 6 REFERENCES/FURTHER READING Acholonu C. (1999). The way. In T. Ojaide & T. Sallah (Eds). The new African poetry: an anthology. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc. Adey, A.D. 1976. Themes in South African English Poetry since the second World War. MA thesis. UNISA. Alvarez-Pereyre, J. 1984 The Poetry of Commitment in South Africa. London: Heinemann. Amuta, C. (1989). The Theory of African Literature: Implications for Practical Criticism. London: Zed Books. Asante, K. W. (1994). African Aesthetics. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Awoonor, K. ―Songs of Sorrow.‖ Poems of Black Africa. Ed. Wole Soyinka. Oxford: Heinemann, 1975. Beier, U. (ed.) 1967. Introduction to African Literature London: Longman. Chapman, M. (ed.) 1982 Soweto Poetry. Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill. Cook, D. (1977). African literature: A critical view. London: Longman. Dathorne, O.R (1975) African Literature in the Twentieth Century. London: Heinemann. Dennis, B. (1988). Simple Lust. Heinemann. Ibadan Findly, A. (1985). Root and Branch: An Anthology of Southern African Literature. London: McMillan. Finnegan, R. (1977). Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance and Social Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fraser, R. (1986) West African Poetry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gibbs, J. (ed.) (1980) Critical Perspectives on Wole Soyinka, Washington, DC: Three Continents Press. Gikandi, S. (2003) (Eds.). Encyclopaedia of African Literature. London: Routledge. Goodwin, K. (1982), Understanding African Poetry: A Study of Ten Poets, London: Heinemann. Heron., (1984). Song of Lawino and song of Ocol. London: Heinemann. Heywood, C. (ed) (!989) Perspectives on African Literature. London: Heinemann Educational Books. Jones, O. Eldredand Narjorie, Imbo, S. O. (2002). Oral Traditions as Philosophy: Okot p‟Bitek‟s Legacy for African Philosophy. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Jemie, C. and Madubuike, I. (1980). Toward the decolonization of African literature. Jones, E. D. and Jones‘s, M. (2000). Exile and African Literature: African Literature Today Kilam, G.D. (ed) (1973). African Writers on African Writing. London: Heinemann. Killam, G. D. (2008). Student Encyclopedia of African literature London: Greenwood Press Lilyan, K. (1964). Black
Recommended publications
  • SST Defies Industry, Defines New Music
    Page 1 The San Diego Union-Tribune October 1, 1995 Sunday SST Defies Industry, Defines New Music By Daniel de Vise KNIGHT-RIDDER NEWSPAPERS DATELINE: LOS ALAMITOS, CALIF. Ten years ago, when SST Records spun at the creative center of rock music, founder Greg Ginn was living with six other people in a one-room rehearsal studio. SST music was whipping like a sonic cyclone through every college campus in the country. SST bands criss-crossed the nation, luring young people away from arenas and corporate rock like no other force since the dawn of punk. But Greg Ginn had no shower and no car. He lived on a few thousand dollars a year, and relied on public transportation. "The reality is not only different, it's extremely, shockingly different than what people imagine," Ginn said. "We basically had one place where we rehearsed and lived and worked." SST, based in the Los Angeles suburb of Los Alamitos, is the quintessential in- dependent record label. For 17 years it has existed squarely outside the corporate rock industry, releasing music and spoken-word performances by artists who are not much interested in making money. When an SST band grows restless for earnings or for broader success, it simply leaves the label. Founded in 1978 in Hermosa Beach, Calif., SST Records has arguably produced more great rock bands than any other label of its era. Black Flag, fast, loud and socially aware, was probably the world's first hardcore punk band. Sonic Youth, a blend of white noise and pop, is a contender for best alternative-rock band ever.
    [Show full text]
  • OBSERVER Vol
    OBSERVER Vol. 96 No. 8 October 27, 1989 Page 1 Botstein Addresses Forum Cormac Flynn Alumni Witness Purgatory Valerie Scurto Fire! Fire Everywhere! Valerie Scurto Page 2 ACT-UP, Fight Back David Miller Chinese Table in Kline Jason Van Driesche Page 3 Club Actively Plans Events Andrea J. Stein Parents’ Day Agenda Planned Amy Sechrist Student respond to new Kline Tom Hickerson Page 4 “Green” Products Complete the Recycling Cycle Jen Anonia Health Talk: Comparing Pain Killers and how They Work Meadow Goldman Page 5 Broadway at Half-Price David Biele Page 6 Beer Column More Mexican Beer Jody Apap and Chris Hancewicz Gwar, for that Halloween Frame of Mind D.J. Spoon Phish: Coming to a Town Near You (Poughkeepsie in fact!) Seth Hollander Page 7 Children of the Sun Max Guazzoni Donald Goes Away Amara Wiley Page 8 Sports Women Trounce Columbia Greene Men Fall to Nyack Bard vs. Post Men Choke at Nyack Basketball has Begun Again at Bard Page 9 LIP at the Gym At The Gym Jody Apap Page 10 Opinion Saferides Condones Alcohol Abuse Some Suggestions Concerning Bard Transportation Sarah Chenven Page 11 Outlook From The Editor’s Sanctum Our Mascot, The Dead Goat Editorial The Boy who Cried “Wolf” Page 12 Calendar THE BARD VOLUME XCVI, ISSUE EIGHT BARD COLLEGE - "The best newspaper October 27, 1989 ANNANDALE-ON-HUDSON, NY 12504 in Annandale." Fire! Fire Everywhere! by Valerie Scurto lo\\"S out into the rain, Stone Row Fire· This past week was quite busy On Tuesday, October 24, the for the Bard Security Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Confession, Embodiment and Ethics in the Poetry of Antjie Krog and Joan Metelerkamp
    Confession, Embodiment and Ethics in the Poetry of Antjie Krog and Joan Metelerkamp by CHRISTINE LOUISE WEYER Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Meg Samuelson March 2013 Stellenbosch Univeristy http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: March 2013 Copyright © 2013 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch Univeristy http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract This thesis examines the work of two contemporary South African poets, Antjie Krog and Joan Metelerkamp. Through an analytical-discursive engagement with their work, it explores the relationship between confession and embodiment, drawing attention to the ethical potential located at the confluence of these theories and modes. The theory informing this thesis is drawn from three broad fields: that of feminism, embodiment studies and ethical philosophy. More specifically, foundational insights will come from the work of Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Emmanuel Levinas. While much of the theory used originates from Western Europe and North America, this will be mediated by sensitivity towards Krog and Metelerkamp’s South African location, as is fitting for a study focused on embodied confession and the ethical treatment of the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Universite Du Benin
    UNIVERSITE DU BENIN FACULTE DES LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUl\JIAINES DEPARTEME~T D'ANGLAIS Lomé-Togo LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHES EN LITTERATURES DE L'AFRIQUE NOIRE ET DE LA DIASPORA (LABO-LAND) Thèse pour le Doctorat (NR) Option: Littérature Américaine Présentée et soutenue publiquement par: KodjoAFAGLA Sous la direction de : Monsieur le Professeur Komla Messan NUBUKPO Directeur Scientifique du LABO-LAi'l'D - 1999 - To THE MEMORY OF : ** MY SELOVED DAUGHTER DANIELLA-FLORA ; ** MY FATHER, DANIEL KOFFI AFAGLA, WHO SET ME ON THE RIGHT PATH SEFORE HIS PRECOCIOUS DEATH; ** MY GRANDMOTHERS : NORI ASLA ESOUNOUGNA DOTSE AND MAMAN DOVOUNO AFAYOME; ** MY COUSIN, DESIRE EYRAM YAOVI DOTSE, WHO COULD NOT SEE THE COMPLETION OF THIS WORK. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES HEART-FELT THANKS ................................................................... iv-v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VI-VIII REFERENCES ......... ......... ............ ................. .... ....... .......... ........... ... IX ABBREVIATIONS ....... ......... ............ ............ ... ....... ................. .......... X CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................... 1 CHAPTER TWO : THE COLONIAL QUESTION IN GEORGE LAMMING'S NATIVES OF MY PERSON AND IN THE CASTLE OF MY SKIN ................................................. 18 II. 1. LAMMING'S QUARREL WITH HISTORY : THE DRIVING FORCES OF COLONIALISM ................................................................... 23 II. 2. SOME MYTHS OF COLONIALISM ........................................................... 48 II. 3. THE COLONIAL
    [Show full text]
  • English Literature [Print] ISSN 1594-1930
    [online] ISSN 2420-823X English Literature [print] ISSN 1594-1930 General Editor Flavio Gregori Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3246 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/riviste/english-literature/ English Literature Rivista annuale | Annual Journal Direzione scientifica | General editor Flavio Gregori (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico | Editorial board Paolo Bertinetti (Università degli Studi di Torino, Italia) Silvia Bigliazzi (Università degli Studi di Verona, Italia) Ma- riaconcetta Costantini (Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio”, Italia) Mariarenata Dolce (Università del Salento, Italia) Lidia De Michelis (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italia) Antonella Riem (Università degli Studi di Udine, Ita- lia) Biancamaria Rizzardi (Università di Pisa, Italia) Maristella Trulli (Università degli Studi di Bari «Aldo Moro», Italia) Comitato di lettura | Advisory board Isabelle Bour (Université Paris 3, Sorbonne Nouvelle, France) Paul Crosthwaite (The University of Edinburgh, UK) Co- ral Ann Howells (University of Reading, UK) Peter Hunt (Cardiff University-Prifysgol Caerdydd, UK) Allan Ingram (University of Northumbria at Newcastle, UK) Jason Lawrence (University of Hull, UK) John Mullan (University College London, UK) Jude V. Nixon (Salem State University, USA) John Sutherland (University College London, UK) Laurence Talairach-Vielmas (Université Toulouse 2 Le Mirail, France) Direttore responsabile Lorenzo Tomasin Direzione e redazione | Head office Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia | Dorsoduro 3246 | 30123 Venezia, Italy | [email protected] Editore Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing | Dorsoduro 3859/A, 30123 Venezia, Italia | [email protected] Stampa Logo srl, via Marco Polo 8, 35010 Bogoricco (PD) English Literature is a journal founded by the Associazione Nazionale dei Docenti di Anglistica (ANDA).
    [Show full text]
  • Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa by Thomas William Penfold A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of African Studies and Anthropology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Since the transition from apartheid, there has been much discussion of the possibilities for the emergence of a truly ‘national’ literature in South Africa. This thesis joins the debate by arguing that Black Consciousness, a movement that began in the late 1960s, provided the intellectual framework both for understanding how a national culture would develop and for recognising it when it emerged. Black Consciousness posited a South Africa where formerly competing cultures sat comfortably together. This thesis explores whether such cultural equality has been achieved. Does contemporary literature harmoniously deploy different cultural idioms simultaneously? By analysing Black writing, mainly poetry, from the 1970s through to the present, the study traces the stages of development preceding the emergence of a possible ‘national’ literature and argues that the dominant art versus politics binary needs to be reconsidered.
    [Show full text]
  • Deltron 3030
    K k NOVEMBER 2013 KWOW HALL NOTES g VOL. 25 #11 H WOWHALL.ORGk Shook Twins intertwine gor- the sentiment still stands.” geous “twin” harmonies with an eclectic and eccentric blend of folk, THE GREAT HIATUM roots, pop and fun. But don’t be Subscribing to the genre “dance fooled. The Shook Twins are not rock,” The Great Hiatum provide your average folk group. They a spectrum of sound from toe- have a few tricks up their sleeves. tapping jazzy tunes to raging punk Laurie may drop a beatbox in the jams. They have evolved a middle of a song, while Katelyn dynamic body of work drawing plays the guitar, glockenspiel, man- from each band member’s distinct dolin and sings into a telephone interests. TGH incorporates elec- and bocks like a chicken. Laurie tronic beat sampling mixed with plays wah-wah banjo and loops live drums, savage guitar licks, various melodies and beats to make high energy grooves, synth effects, it sound like more than just two and powerful female lead vocals. identical twin sisters. The Great Hiatum was birthed For the past year Shook Twins in 2010 and currently consists of have been touring throughout the Melissa Randel (lead singer), western states behind their 2011 James Aronoff (guitar), Max release, Window. They have Miller (bass), Travis Lien (drums) opened for Langhorne Slim, Blitzen and Melissa’s brother Keith Trapper, Elephant Revival, Sara Randel (lead guitar). Jarosz, David Grisman, and The Great Hiatum has been Carolina Chocolate Drops. Their recently recognized as the Best song “Rose” was featured in NPR’s Student Band by the Oregon GRRRLZ Rock Gives Thanks! Muse Mix, and an exclusive audio Daily Emerald.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 South African Great War Poetry 1914-1918: a Literary
    1 SOUTH AFRICAN GREAT WAR POETRY 1914-1918: A LITERARY- HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS by GERHARD GENIS submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject ENGLISH at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: DOCTOR J. PRIDMORE JANUARY 2014 2 I declare that SOUTH AFRICAN GREAT WAR POETRY 1914-1918: A LITERARY-HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ________________________________ ___________________ 3 DEDICATION To my wife Regina, who had to keep the homefire burning while I was in the trenches. To my two daughters, Heidi and Meleri. To my mother Linda, whose love of history and literature has been infectious. To my sister Deidre and brothers Pieter and Frans. To my father Pieter, and brother-in-law Gerhard – R.I.P. To all those who served in the Great War. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am happy to acknowledge the indispensable assistance that I received in completing this thesis. I was undecided on a topic when I visited Prof. Ivan Rabinowitz, formerly of the University of South Africa. He suggested this unexplored and fascinating topic, and the rest is history... I want to thank Dr July Pridmore, my promoter, and Prof. Deirdre Byrne from the Department of English Studies for their constructive feedback and professional assistance. The University of South Africa considerably lessened the financial burden by awarding me a Postgraduate Bursary for 2012 and 2013. Dawie Malan, the English subject librarian, was always available to lend a hand to locate relevant sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Earl Lovelace and the Task of •Œrescuing the Futureâ•Š
    Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal Volume 4 Article 8 Issue 2 Earl Lovelace: A Special Issue December 2006 The aN tion/A World/A Place to be Human: Earl Lovelace and the Task of “Rescuing the Future” Jennifer Rahim [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/anthurium Recommended Citation Rahim, Jennifer (2006) "The aN tion/A World/A Place to be Human: Earl Lovelace and the Task of “Rescuing the Future”," Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal: Vol. 4 : Iss. 2 , Article 8. Available at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/anthurium/vol4/iss2/8 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal by an authorized editor of Scholarly Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rahim: The Nation/A World/A Place to be Human: Earl Lovelace and the... Earl Lovelace’s fiction and public addresses1 are preoccupied with two interdependent subjects. The first is Europe’s colonization of the New World, which brought diverse peoples together under severe conditions of systematized inequality. The second is the unique cultural shape this ingathering generated in Caribbean societies and the invitation its continued evolution holds out to citizens to create a different future, not only for them, but also for the world. For Lovelace, therefore, the saving irony of the region’s terrible history is precisely this meeting of so many peoples who, consciously or not, have been “all geared to the New World challenge” (Growing in the Dark 226).
    [Show full text]
  • * Supplied by BIM Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original. *********************************************************************** U.S
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 112 377 CS 002 162 TITLE Comprehension--Critical Reading/Thinking Skills, K-12 (The Big 9); Teaching Reading Skills. Volume II. INSTITUTION Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, Md. REPORT NO Bull-246 PUB DATE 74 NOTE 502p.; See related documents CS002161 and CS002163; Some pages may have poor reproducibility due to small type EDRS PRICE MF-$0.92 HC-$26.02 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Comprehension; *Critical Reading; *Critical Thinking; Elementary Secondary Education; Evaluation Methods; *Models; *Reading Comprehension; *Reading Instruction; Reading Programs; Teaching Methods ABSTRACT This comprehension model defines and describes nine categories of comprehension, including word meanings, location/recall, translation, interpretation, prediction, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Each of the categories includes the following sections: highlights, containing a definition and questions; instructional objectives for kindergarten through grade twelve; a discussion of the topic; and learning activities for kindergarten through grade twelve. Also included are a summary of the contents,, a conclusion, an annotated resources list, and a bibliography. (Li) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry a Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry: the Language of Conflict and Commitment
    A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY: THE LANGUAGE OF CONFLICT AND COMMITMENT By Laura Holland, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University September 1987 MASTER OF Arts (1987) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (English) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: A Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry: The Language of Conflict and Commitment AUTHOR: Laura Linda Holland, B.A. (University of Alberta) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Alan Bishop NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 134 ii ABSTRACT The thes is concentrates on South African poetry from 1960 to the present. It closely examines a selection of poems by Breyten Breytenbach, Dennis Brutus, Pascal Gwala, Wopko Jensma, Oswald Mtshali, Arthur Nortje, Cosmo Pieterse, Sipho Sepamla, and Wally Serote, among others. The body of the thesis discusses these poets' contributions to poetry about prison, exile, and township life. The thesis focuses on the struggle between various polical, racial, and cultural groups for hegemony over South Africa's poetic development. Such issues as language, ideology, and censorship are explored insofar as they in! .luence t:ne content and structure of the poetry. This body of poems, sadly, is little studied in North America. The thesis presents an introduction to and a survey of the major tendencies in South African poetry and, in part, attempts to relate the poetry's role in expressing the commitment of these poets to the ending of apartheid and the eventual resolution of the conflict for freedom. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Earl Lovelace: a Special Issue
    Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal Volume 4 Article 6 Issue 2 Earl Lovelace: A Special Issue December 2006 Earl Lovelace: Selected Bibliography Nadia Indra Johnson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/anthurium Recommended Citation Johnson, Nadia Indra (2006) "Earl Lovelace: Selected Bibliography," Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal: Vol. 4 : Iss. 2 , Article 6. Available at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/anthurium/vol4/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal by an authorized editor of Scholarly Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Johnson: Earl Lovelace: Selected Bibliography Works Lovelace, Earl. “Calypso and the Bacchanal Connection.” Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal 3.2 (2005). 2 Jan 2007. http://scholar.library.miami.edu/anthurium/volume_3/issue_2/lovelace-calypso.htm —. Growing in the Dark: (Selected Essays). San Juan, Trinidad: Lexicon Trinidad Ltd., 2003. —. “Victory and the Blight.” The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories. Ed. Stewart Brown and John Wickham. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. 228-34. —. “Fleurs.” The Faber Book of Contemporary Caribbean Short Stories. Ed. Mervyn Morris. London: Faber and Faber, 1990. 123-31. —. A Brief Conversion and Other Stories. Oxford: Heinemann, 1988. —. The Dragon Can’t Dance. 1979. London: Longman, 1986. —. The Wine of Astonishment. 1982. London: Heinemann, 1986. —. “Engaging the World.” Guest Editor. Wasafiri: Journal of Caribbean, African, Asian and Associated Literatures and Films 1 (1984): 3-4. —. Jestina’s Calypso & Other Plays. London: Heinemann, 1984. —. Salt. London: Faber & Faber, 196.
    [Show full text]