Department of Sanskrit Assam University: Silchar
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MA Philo. Credt Semester I-II
Syllabus M.A. (Philosophy) (Semester and Credit system) (Semesters I and II Operative from 2008-9) (Modified from year 2010-2011) Department of Philosophy Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan University of pune, Pune-411007 Tel. 020-25601314/15 E-mail: [email protected] General Instructions 1) In Semesters I and II the first two courses (viz., PH 101, PH 102, PH 201, PH 202) are compulsory. 2) Out of the list of Optional courses in the Semester I and II and out of the Group A and Group B in the Semester III and IV two courses each are to be offered. 3) A student has to successfully complete 16 courses for the Master’s Degree. 4) A student can choose all the 16 course in the Department of Philosophy OR A student desirous to do M.A. in Philosophy has to choose at least 12 courses(of 4 credits each) from the Department of Philosophy (i. e., at least three courses -including compulsory courses, if any,- each semester) and 4 courses (i. e., at the most 16 credits in all, one course of 4 credits per semester) from any other department/s as interdisciplinary courses, such that the total number of credits is at least 64 out of which 75% credits are from philosophy department. 5) Dissertation and Open Course: In addition to a wide range of options, the syllabus provides for (i) Dissertation and (ii) Open Course in semesters III and IV the details of which will be declared separately. 6) The lists of readings and references will be updated by the Department and by the respective teachers from time to time. -
Gliederung/Inhalte
Teil I • Hauptmerkmale der Anusara®Methode, die 3 A´s als Grundlage der Yogapraxis • Die drei Wege des Yogas: Bhakti, Jnana, Karma • Die drei S: Satya, Shri, Svatantrya • Die Universellen Prinzipien der Ausrichtung in Philosophie, Theorie und Praxis à Basis und Open to Grace à Muskuläre und organische Energie à Die Fokuspunkte à Spiralen als sekundäre Energieflüsse à Grobe Form und optimaler Blueprint • Asana Praxis Syllabus I • Einführung in die Yogaphilsophie à Historischer Überblick à Klassische Yoga Philosophie à Grundlegendes zur tantrischen Yogaphilosophie/Kosmologie à Mantra/Mudra besprechen à Begriff Yoga • Die Prinzipien der Anatomie der Atmung • Meditation • Selbstreflexion anhand von Fragen Ute Fischer Anusara® Immersion 2021 Teil II • Vertiefung der Universellen Prinzipien der Ausrichtung in Philosophie, Theorie undPraxis à Basis und Open to Grace à Muskuläre und organische Energie à Die Fokuspunkte à Spiralen als sekundäre Energieflüsse à Grobe Form und optimaler Blueprint • Die 7 Loops auf der vertikalen Ebene der Ausrichtung • Asana Praxis Syllabus Level I + II • Grundlegende Aussagen der Yogaphilosophie, Klasssiches Yoga und Samkhya à Die drei Gunas à Tantrische Philosophie und Kosmologie-die Tattvas à Die Anatomie des feinstofflichen Körpers: Koshas, Prana, Vayus • Angewandte Anatomie Füße/Knie/Hüfte • Meditation • Selbstreflexion anhand von Fragen Ute Fischer Anusara® Immersion 2021 Teil III • Vertiefung der Universellen Prinzipien der Ausrichtung in Philosophie, Theorie und Praxis à Fokus auf subtiles Alignement und -
Unit 1 NYĀYA PHILOSOPHY
Unit 1 NYĀYA PHILOSOPHY Contents 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Epistemology 1.3 Theory of Causation (Asatkāryavāda) 1.4 Self and Liberation 1.5 The Concept of God 1.6 Let Us Sum Up 1.7 Key Words 1.8 Further Readings and References 1.9 Answers to Check Your Progress 1.0 OBJECTIVES In this unit, you will learn the Nyāyika’s doctrine of valid sources of knowledge and their arguments on self and liberation. Further, you will also learn the Nayāyika’s views on God. After working through this unit, you should be able to: • explain different kinds of perception • discuss nature and characteristics of inference • elucidate Nyāya concept of self • illustrate Nyāyika’s views on liberation • examine Nyāyika’s arguments on testimony as a valid source of knowledge 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Nyāya School is founded by the sage Gotama, who is not confused as Gautama Buddha. He is familiarized as ‘Aksapāda’. Nyāya means correct thinking with proper arguments and valid reasoning. Thus, Nyāya philosophy is known as tarkashāstra (the science of reasoning); pramānashāstra (the science of logic and epistemology); hetuvidyā (the science of causes); vādavidyā (the science of debate); and anviksiki (the science of critical study). The Nyāya philosophy as a practitioner and believer of realism seeks for acquiring knowledge of reality. 1.2 EPISTEMOLOGY The Nyāya school of thought is adhered to atomistic pluralism and logical realism. It is atomistic pluralism on the account that atom is the constituent of matter and there are not one but many entities, both material and spiritual, as ultimate constituents of the universe. -
B.A. Honours in Sanskrit Choice Based Credit System Semester
B.A. Honours in Sanskrit Choice Based Credit System Semester Pattern Semester Core Course Ability Enhancement Skill Enhancement Elective Discipline Specific (DSC) Elective Generic (CC) Compulsory Course Course (GE) (AECC) I English-1 Environmental Studies GE - 1 -Darshana DSC-1A –Vyakarana DSC-2A –Hindi DSC-3A –Marathi II English-2 Sociology & MIL GE – 2 -Darshana DSC-1B –Vyakarana DSC-2B–Hindi DSC-3B –Marathi III English-3 SEC 1 – Acting & GE – 3 -Darshana DSC-1C –Vyakarana Script Writing DSC-2C –Hindi DSC-3C -Marathi IV English-4 SEC 2 - Music GE – 4 -Darshana DSC-1D –Vyakarana DSC-2D –Hindi DSC-3D -Marathi V** DSC-5- Vyakarana DSE – 1- Veda DSC-6– Sahitya DSE – 2-Puran DSC 7- Darshan shastra DSE –3-Science in Sanskrit (Theory) VI** DSC-8-Vyakarana DSE – 4 Veda DSC-9 – Sahitya DSE –5 Puran DSC 10- Darshan shastra DSE –6 Science in Sanskrit (Project Work) B.A. Honours Sanskrit Choice Based Credit System Semester Paper Subjects Credits Total Marks I 1 English-1 6 X 1 6 100 2 DSC-1A –Vyakarana 4 X 1 4 100 3 DSC-2A –hindi 4 X 1 4 100 4 DSC-3A Marathi 4 X 1 4 100 5 Environmental Studies 4x 1 4 100 6 GE - 1 - Darshana 4 X 1 4 100 Total 26 II 1 English-2 6 X 1 6 100 2 DSC-1B –Vyakarana 4 X 1 4 100 3 DSC-2B -hindi 4 X 1 4 100 4 DSC-2B Marathi 4 x 1 4 100 5 MIL 4 X 1 4 100 6 GE - 2 - Darshana 4 X 1 4 100 Total 26 III 1 English3 4 X 1 4 100 2 DSC -1C –Vyakarana 4 X 1 4 100 3 DSC 2C Hindi 4 X 1 4 100 4 DSC 3C Marathi 4 X 1 4 100 5 GE – 3 - Darshana 4 x 1 4 100 6 SEC1 – Acting & Script Writing 4 X 1 4 100 Total 24 IV 1 English 4 4 X 1 4 100 2 DSC-1D -
A Survey of Indian Logic from the Point of View of Computer Science
Sadhana, "Col. 19, Part 6, December 1994, pp 971-983. © Printed in India A survey of Indian logic from the point of view of computer science V V S SARMA Department of Computer Science & Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India Abstract. Indian logic has a long history. It somewhat covers the domains of two of the six schools (darsanas) of Indian philosophy, namely, Nyaya and Vaisesika. The generally accepted definition of In- dian logic over the ages is the science which ascertains valid knowledge either by means of six senses or by means of the five members of the syllogism. In other words, perception and inference constitute the sub- ject matter of logic. The science of logic evolved in India through three ~ges: the ancient, the medieval and the modern, spanning almost thirty centuries. Advances in Computer Science, in particular, in Artificial Intelligence have got researchers in these areas interested in the basic problems of language, logic and cognition in the past three decades. In the 1980s, Artificial Intelligence has evolved into knowledge-based and intelligent system design, and the knowledge base and inference engine have become standard subsystems of an intelligent System. One of the important issues in the design of such systems is knowledge acquisition from humans who are experts in a branch of learning (such as medicine or law) and transferring that knowledge to a computing system. The second important issue in such systems is the validation of the knowl- edge base of the system i.e. ensuring that the knowledge is complete and consistent. -
Philosophy, Eighth Edition
P.G. 2nd Semester Paper: PHL801C (Core) Western Epistemology (1850-1964) Credits: 4 = 3+1+0 (48 Lectures) 1. Rationalism-empiricism debate Cartesian method of Doubt and modern epistemological foundationalism; Spinoza’s threefold division of knowledge; Leibnitz on knowledge, Rationalist notion of innate ideas and Locke’s critique of it; Locke’s account of knowledge acquisition, Berkeley’s idealistic empiricism; Hume’s sceptical empiricism; Relations of ideas and matters of fact. 2. Kant’s critical idealism: Kant’s Copernican revolution; Notion of the transcendental; structure of sensibility and understanding; Division of judgements and possibility of synthetic a Priori judgements; Transcendental idealism. 3. Knowledge as justified true belief 4. The Gettier problem; Responses to it Reading List: 1. Cahn, Steven M., ed. 2012. Classics of Western Philosophy, Eighth Edition. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing 2. Pojman, Louis P. 2003. Theory of Knowledge: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Third Edition. Andover, UK: Cengage Learning. 3. Rescher, Nicholas. 2003. Epistemology: An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, Series: SUNY Series in Philosophy. Albany, NY: State University of New York 4. Crumley II, Jack S. 2009. An Introduction to Epistemology, Second Edition, Series: Broadview Guides to Philosophy. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press. 5. Copleston, Frederick. 1993. A History of Philosophy, 11 Volumes. New York: Image. (relevant portions). 6. Zalta, Edward N. ed. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/(relevant articles) Paper: PHL802C (Core) Indian Epistemology and Logic Credits: 4 = 3+1+0 (48 Lectures) 1. The Indian method of Purvapaksa and Siddh푎nta; Anviksiki and Anumiti 2. Theories of error (Khyativada): Yogacara Buddhist’s atmakhyativada; Prabhakara mimamsaka’s akhyativada; Naiyayika’s anyathakhyativada; Advaitin’s anirvacaniya- khyativada; Bhatta mimamsaka’s viparitakhyativada; Samkhya’s sadasad-Khyativada; Visistadvaitin’s Satkhyativada 3. -
An Analysis of Tantrayana (Vajrayana)
An Analysis ofTantrayana (Vajrayana) Prof. P. G. Yogi T antra is a discipline, a method and study. It is based on a rational founda tion, is conceivable in theoretic consciousness and relizeable through Yogik experiences. Ironically, however, there are those who have ignored these points and picked up bits ti'om particular sad hanas, partS of which are apparemly vulgar and obnoxious, and come to the conclusion that Tantrik spiritual practices resort to sexual indulgence. Before entering further into this de bate, it needs to be mentioned here that in the Tantras, the ideal of woman hood has been epiromized and raised to the exalted position of motherhood which in itself is unique in the history of spiritual literature of the world. Moreover, it is dearly stated in the Tantras that the secret of life lies in sexual control and death in sexual indulgence (Maranam Bindu paten, telletam Bindu Dharanat). As against the conventional ascetic disciplines, the Tantras uphold the theory of sublimation in which asceticism has been equated with sexuality. In this theory, desire itself is subjected to rigorous discipline and used to conq uef desire. There are others who subscribe anything ugly, erotic, spiritualistic and magical to tile Tantras. They produce tantastic stories gar nished with absurd episodes relating to astral plane and connect them tQ Tantras. They forget that Tantra is a meta-science (surya-vitnam) dealing with consciousness, variable at every stage of spiritual experience. Further, the realization of supreme Truth which will give a true perspective of the Tantras has been interpreted in various ways. -
Indian Logic
pratyaksa linga anumana vyapti upamana INDIAN paksa sabda LOGIC sadhya Hetu TAKE IT EASY I am Priyanka Chatterjee. Website: unifystudy.com Email: [email protected] TELEGRAM channel name : Unifystudy-NET JRF Paper1 Unifystudy- Computer Science UGC NET Qualified with 99.46 Percentile. (Dec 2019) 5 years Industry Experience. MCA (2008 – 2011 ) BSc. Honors in Computer Science (2004 - 2007) WE WILL DISCUSS • Introduction of Indian Logic • Means of Knowledge • Structure and Kinds of Anumana • Constituents of Inference • When there will be fallacies Logic in general is the science and art of a right thinking, it is not concerned with reality about which we are thinking but only with the operation of thinking itself. In ancient time the Indians called Sastra̅ that means ‘precept’, ‘rules’, ‘manual’ etc. about which no science indeed, but which every science pre-supposed. Ashtadasha̅ vidya (18 types of Sastra̅ ) was accepted by ancient Indian seers. Among these eighteen (18) vidyas̅ Nyaya̅ , that is also known as ‘Anviksiki’ (Logic) is most important. It has been esteemed as the lamp of all sciences, the resource of all actions and the shelter of all virtues. ‘Atmavidya’ that was identified ‘Anviksiki’ in the later period, got a crucial role in ancient Indian scholastic circle. ‘Anviksiki’ is an incorporation of two subjects viz. the soul and the theory of reasons. The theory of reason is also known as hetu-sastra̅ or hetu- vidya.̅ It is also called as tarkavidya̅ or vadavidya,̅ the art of debates and discussions. Kautilya, the author of Arthasastra̅ has referred it as the lamp of all vidyas or discourses. -
Sacred Traditions the Heritage, Philosophy, & History of Yoga by Danny Arguetty
Sacred Traditions The Heritage, Philosophy, & History of Yoga By Danny Arguetty PRE-VEDIC Yoga’s roots began around 2500 BCE on the banks of the Indus River (modern day Pakistan). The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) flourished in an area of land two times the size of California. The people began as animal herders in countryside villages but over time discovered the rich soil on the flood plains of the Valley. The fertile nutrients generated superior crop yields of cotton, sesame, peas, and barley. Soon two large urban centers Mohenjo-daro and Harappa began to boom enabling the Indus people to trade with neighboring civilizations. The two urban areas continued to thrive for over eight hundred years. Archeologists have extracted many artifacts from the region and among animal statues, pots, coins and tools they found a “square seal depicting a nude male deity with three faces, seated in yogic position on a throne, wearing bangles on both arms and an elaborate headdress. Five symbols of the Indus script appear on either side of the headdress which is made of two outward projecting buffalo style curved horns, with two upward projecting points. A single branch with three papal leaves rises from the middle of the headdress. Seven bangles are depicted on the left arm and six on the right, with the hands resting on the knees. The heels are pressed together under the groin and the feet project beyond the edge of the throne. The feet of the throne are carved with a hoof of a bovine as is seen on the bull and unicorn seals. -
The Image of Philosophy in Indian Culture: Etymology and Untranslatability of Terms
The Image of Philosophy in Indian Culture: Etymology and Untranslatability of Terms Hanna Hnatovska1 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-1037 Hnatovska, Hanna (2020) The Image of Philosophy in Indian Culture: Etymology and Untranslatability of Terms. Future Human Image, Volume 13, 2020: 14-23. https://doi. org/10.29202/fhi/13/2 The article is devoted to the analysis of etymology and semantic connotations of Sanskrit terms: anvīkṣiki, darśana, vidyā, tarkavidyā, tarka, tattvajñāna, jñāna, tattvavidyā, tattva, tārkikatva, indriyāsaṅga for the purpose of disclosing the complete image of the philosophy in the Indian culture. The author abandoned the most popular approach in the scientific literature, which is to clarify the philosophical content of the creative achievements of Indian thinkers by defining one term as close as possible to the meaning of the “Western” concept of philosophy. The article recognizes that each of the chosen terms is untranslatable, and the specificity of their meanings creates and explains the integrity of the general image of philosophy in Indian culture. The importance of the etymology in explaining the meanings of the vocabulary of Indian philosophy and in identifying common and distinct terms that are used for consideration has been demonstrated. The article reveals the connection between the meaning of “philosophy” and “science” and “logic” in Indian culture. It clarifies which terms are the key ones and which are marginal to the history of Indian philosophical thought. Keywords: Indian culture and philosophy, etymology, untranslatability, anvīkṣiki, darśana, vidyā, tarka, tattva, jñāna, tārkikatva, indriyāsaṅga Received: February 14, 2020; accepted: March 6, 2020 Introduction The instruction to “justify” the search for philosophical thought in Eastern cultures only by the presence of direct analogs with the categorical apparatus of Western philosophy is vulnerable and imperfect. -
The Six Systems of Vedic Philosophy
The six systems of Vedic philosophy compiled by Suhotra Swami Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Nyaya: The Philosophy of Logic and Reasoning 3. Vaisesika: Vedic Atomic Theory 4. Sankhya: Nontheistic Dualism 5. Yoga: Self-Discipline for Self-Realization 6. Karma-mimamsa: Elevation Through the Performance of Duty 7. Vedanta: The Conclusion of the Vedic Revelation 1. Introduction The word veda means "knowledge." In the modern world, we use the term "science" to identify the kind of authoritative knowledge upon which human progress is based. To the ancient people of Bharatavarsha (Greater India), the word veda had an even more profound import that the word science has for us today. That is because in those days scientific inquiry was not restricted to the world perceived by the physical senses. And the definition of human progress was not restricted to massive technological exploitation of material nature. In Vedic times, the primary focus of science was the eternal, not the temporary; human progress meant the advancement of spiritual awareness yielding the soul's release from the entrapment of material nature, which is temporary and full of ignorance and suffering. Vedic knowledge is called apauruseya , which means it is not knowledge of human invention. Vedic knowledge appeared at the dawn of the cosmos within the heart of Brahma, the lotus-born demigod of creation from whom all the species of life within the universe descend. Brahma imparted this knowledge in the form of sabda (spiritual sound) to his immediate sons, who are great sages of higher planetary systems like the Satyaloka, Janaloka and Tapaloka. -
The Samkhya System
THE HERITAGE OF INDIA _ . (The Right Reverend V. S. AZARIAH, Bish P f Dornaka1 Editors (j. N. FARQUHAR, M.A., D.Lnr. (Oxon.) Already published. The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A. Asoka. REV. J. M. MACPHAIL, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting. Principal PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Kanarese Literature. REV. E. P. RICE, B.A. Subjects proposed and volumes under preparation. SANSKRIT AND PALI LITERATURE. Hymns from the Vedas. Prof. A. A. MACDONELL, Oxford. Anthology of Mahayana Literature. Prof. L. DE LA VALLEE POUSSIN, Ghent. Selections from the Upanishads. F. J. WESTERN, M.A., Delhi. Scenes from the Ramayana. JAMES MORISON, M.A., PH.D., Oxford. Selections from the Mahabharata. THE PHILOSOPHIES. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Sankara s Vedanta. A. K. SHARMA, M.A., Patiala. Ramanuja s Vedanta. The Buddhist System. FINE ART AND MUSIC. Indian Architecture. R. L. EWING, B.A., Madras. Indian Sculpture. Principal W. M ? ZUMBRO, Madura. 11 Indian Music. H. A. POPLEY, B.A., Erode. The Minor Arts. Principal PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Indian Coins. BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT INDIANS. Gautama Buddha. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., Rangoon. Ramanuja. Akbar. F. V. SLACK, M.A., Calcutta. Lahore. Tulsi Das. S. K. DUTTA, B.A, M.B, Cn.B., VERNACULAR LITERATURE. The Kurral. H. A. POPLEY, B.A., Erode. and FRANCIS Hymns of the Adiyars. G. E. PHILLIPS, M.A., KINGSBURY, Bangalore. Hymns of the Alvars. Tayumanavar. ISAAC TAMBYAH, M.A., Bar.-at-Law, Penang. Hymns of Hindustan. Murshid- Chaitanya Hymns. O. STURSBERG, PH.D., Berhampore, abad. Poona. Marathi Abhangs. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., D.LiTT., Gujarat! Hymns.