Languages of the Caucasus
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A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous
Trustees of Indiana University Anthropological Linguistics A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus Author(s): Kevin Tuite and Wolfgang Schulze Source: Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Fall, 1998), pp. 363-383 Published by: The Trustees of Indiana University on behalf of Anthropological Linguistics Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30028646 Accessed: 04/11/2009 13:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=tiu. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Trustees of Indiana University and Anthropological Linguistics are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Anthropological Linguistics. -
Morphological Characters for Tracing Contact and Descent in Nakh-Daghestanian Johanna Nichols, UC Berkeley
Morphological characters for tracing contact and descent in Nakh-Daghestanian Johanna Nichols, UC Berkeley This paper uses the 18 verb pairs of Nichols et al. 2004 to calculate morphologically based distances in Nakh-Daghestanian along the lines of Nichols 2009a. The 18-pair verb list consists of 18 meanings and their semantic causatives (e.g. 'fear' : 'scare', 'sit down' : 'seat, have sit', '(come to a) boil' : '(bring to a) boil', 'break' (intrans. and trans.), etc. Nichols et al. 2004 used these to typologize the derivational morphology and lexical grammar of languages, based on which type of derivational pairing (e.g. causativization, anticausativization, different light verbs, suppletion, etc.) is used most frequently. The present study uses them to measure distances, in two ways: (1) look at each pair of verbs in each pair of languages, code the derivational types as same vs. different, and calculate the total number of "same" entries for each pair of languages; (2) count not just same vs. different but determine the minimal number of steps required to get from one type to another (e.g. from causativizing to decausativizing is 2 [lose causative, gain decausative]; from causative to ambitransitive is one [lose causative)]); calculate the total number of steps for each pair of languages. (2) is analogous to how distances are usually calculated for phylogeny and dialectometry. This calculation reveals a previously unsuspected cluster of westerly Nakh- Daghestanian languages that have many sharings. Figs. 1 and 2 show raw numbers of sharings (by calculation (1)) among the languages surveyed so far, presented as two sets of verbs which Nichols et al. -
Stress Chapter
Word stress in the languages of the Caucasus1 Lena Borise 1. Introduction Languages of the Caucasus exhibit impressive diversity when it comes to word stress. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the stress systems in North-West Caucasian (henceforth NWC), Nakh-Dagestanian (ND), and Kartvelian languages, as well as the larger Indo-European (IE) languages of the area, Ossetic and (Eastern) Armenian. For most of these languages, stress facts have only been partially described and analyzed, which raises the question about whether the available data can be used in more theoretically-oriented studies; cf. de Lacy (2014). Instrumental studies are not numerous either. Therefore, the current chapter relies mainly on impressionistic observations, and reflects the state of the art in the study of stress in these languages: there are still more questions than answers. The hope is that the present summary of the existing research can serve as a starting point for future investigations. This chapter is structured as follows. Section 2 describes languages that have free stress placement – i.e., languages in which stress placement is not predicted by phonological or morphological factors. Section 3 describes languages with fixed stress. These categories are not mutually exclusive, however. The classification of stress systems is best thought of as a continuum, with fixed stress and free stress languages as the two extremes, and most languages falling in the space between them. Many languages with fixed stress allow for exceptions based on certain phonological and/or morphological factors, so that often no firm line can be drawn between, e.g., languages with fixed stress that contain numerous morphologically conditioned exceptions (cf. -
Modality and the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface
Modality and the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface Anna Papafragou Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. University College London 1998 (LONDON) To my family with love and gratitude Abstract This thesis explores certain aspects of the structure of lexical semantics and its interaction with pragmatic processes of utterance comprehension, using as a case-study a sample of the English modal verbs. Contrary to previous polysemy-based accounts, I propose and defend a unitary semantic account of the English modals, and I give a relevance-theoretic explanation of the construction of their admissible (mainly, root and epistemic) contextual interpretations. Departing from previous accounts of modality, I propose a link between epistemic modality and metarepresentation, and treat the emergence of epistemic modal markers as a result of the development of the human theory of mind. In support of my central contention that the English modals are semantically univocal, I reanalyse a range of arguments employed by previous polysemy-based approaches. These arguments involve the distributional properties of the modals, their relationship to truth-conditional content, the status of so-called speech-act modality, and the historical development of epistemic meanings: it turns out that none of these domains can offer reasons to abandon the univocal semantic analysis of the English modals. Furthermore, I argue that the priority of root over epistemic meanings in language acquisition is predicted by the link between epistemic modality and metarepresentation. Finally, data from a cognitive disorder (autism) are considered in the light of the metarepresentation hypothesis about epistemic modality. The discussion of modality has a number of implications for the concept of polysemy. -
The Mirative and Its Interplay with Evidentiality in the Tibetan Dialect of Tabo (Spiti)
This publication is supported by La Trobe University Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 30.2 — October 2007 http://www.latrobe.edu.au THE MIRATIVE AND ITS INTERPLAY WITH EVIDENTIALITY IN THE TIBETAN DIALECT OF TABO (SPITI) Veronika Hein University of Berne [email protected] This article presents different mirative constructions found in Tabo Tibetan. It mainly focuses on two morphemes which can express mirativity. Their usage and possible connotations are described and they are also discussed in their relationship to the complex evidential system of this dialect. Keywords: Mirative, Tabo Tibetan, mirative morphemes, connotations, evidential system. 1. INTRODUCTION The Tibetan dialect spoken at Tabo1 in the lower Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India (see map), shows a fully developed mirative with its specific set of mirative morphemes. This seems to be a new phenomenon in the Tibetan dialects described so far, as the miratives found in most descriptions of Tibetan appear to be a semantic extension of the system of evidentiality. In this paper I intend to trace a possible development from one of those well-known mirative constructions into the mirative morpheme found in Tabo Tibetan. I will go on to show that this basic mirative morpheme only occurs with some limited groups of verbs (all non-control verbs and some verbs of motion) and that a kind of parallel morpheme has been found to work in the remaining groups 1 The Tabo dialect of Tibetan will be referred to as Tabo Tibetan in this paper. The examples have all been collected from my main informant Sonam Tsering of Tabo Village. -
Evidentiality, Egophoricity, and Engagement
Evidentiality, egophoricity, and engagement Edited by Henrik Bergqvist Seppo Kittilä language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 30 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The markedS languages. languages of Malta. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena WitzlackMakarevich 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The AlorPantar (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument languages: History and typology. marking. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in (Papua New Guinea). Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. perspective. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information Scandinavian vernaculars. structure in Austronesian languages. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 22. Döhler, Christian. A grammar of Komnzo. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 23. Yakpo, Kofi. A Grammar of Pichi. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 24. Guérin Valérie (ed.). Bridging constructions. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon 25. AguilarGuevara, Ana, Julia Pozas Loyo & (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan Violeta VázquezRojas Maldonado *eds.). languages and linguistics. Definiteness across languages. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 26. Di Garbo, Francesca, Bruno Olsson & 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. Bernhard Wälchli (eds.). Grammatical 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: gender and linguistic complexity: Volume I: Lexical tones and morphotonology. General issues and specific studies. 14. -
The Case of the Burushos
Symposium on Bronze and Iron Age Mummies of Central Asia (U. Penn., April 1996) EVIDENCE FOR PREHISTORIC LINKS BETWEEN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA : THE CASE OF THE BURUSHOS.1 Kevin Tuite The Tarim Basin, site of the desiccated human remains which are the principal focus of this volume, is surrounded by mountains on three sides: the Tian Shan range to the north, the Kunlun Shan to the southwest, and the Altun Shan to the southeast. Just beyond the western rim of the basin are the Pamir, Hindu-Kush and Karakorum mountains, a region noted for both its rugged terrain and the diversity of ethnic groups which have settled its valleys. One such group in particular has fascinated linguists and historians for nearly a century: the Burushos of northern Pakistan. While I know of no strong evidence that the ancestors of the Burushos ever inhabited the vast depression 200 km northeast of their current homeland, I believe the study of Burusho prehistory to be of relevance for understanding the cultural and linguistic context of the western Tarim region in the 2nd millenium BCE, the period to which the oldest mummies have provisionally been dated [Mair 1995]. The Burushos speak a language, Burushaski, that has not been convincingly grouped into any known linguistic family. Its three dialects — Hunza, Nager, and the Yasin Valley (or Werchikwar) dialect — are at present surrounded by Indo-Iranian and Tibetan languages, though it seems a safe assumption that the ancestors of the Burushos were already present in northwestern South Asia when the first speakers of Indo-European languages appeared in the area.2 Two related questions have been frequently asked regarding the Burushos: (1) What territory or territories were occupied by prehistoric Burushaski speakers? (2) Is Burushaski genetically related to any other language(s)? In this paper I will present my thoughts on these two questions. -
Caucasus Studies 2
IMER - INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ETHNIC RELATIONS MIGRATION IMER - INTERNATIONAL CAUCASUS STUDIES 2 STUDIES CAUCASUS I m Caucasus Studies 2 INTERNATIONA • ER Caucasus Studies 2 LANGUAGE,Caucasus Studies HISTOR 2Y AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS l m LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND CULTURAL RE ETHNIC AND IGRATION Edited IDENTITIES by Karina Vamling IN THE CAUCASUS l The internationalEdited by conferenceKarina Vamling Language, History and Cultural Identities in the CU AND HISTORY ANGUAGE, Caucasus, 17-20 June 2005, hosted by the School of International Migration LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND CULTURAL and Ethnic Relations (IMER) at Malmö University (Sweden), brought together IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS Caucasian and Western schoolars with diverse disciplinary backgrounds – l social anthropology, linguistics, literature, social psychology, political science ATIONS – who focus on the Caucasus in their research. The present volume is based on Papers from the conference, papers from this conference. June 17-19 2005, Malmö University l TURA Edited by Karina Vamling l IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS THE IN IDENTITIES MALMÖ UNIVERSITY MALMÖ 2009 SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden m www.mah.se MALMÖ UNIVERSITY A ISBN 978-91-7104-088-6 2010 lmö SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden www.mah.se ISBN 978-91-7104-088-6 Caucasus Studies 1 Circassian Clause Structure Mukhadin Kumakhov & Karina Vamling 2 Language, History and Cultural Identities in the Caucasus. Papers from the conference, June 17-19 2005. Edited by Karina Vamling 3 Conference in the fields of Migration – Society – Language 28-30 -
Tense, Aspect and Mood in Nêlêmwa (New Caledonia) Encoding Events, Processes and States Isabelle Bril
Tense, aspect and mood in Nêlêmwa (New Caledonia) Encoding events, processes and states Isabelle Bril To cite this version: Isabelle Bril. Tense, aspect and mood in Nêlêmwa (New Caledonia) Encoding events, processes and states. Zlatka Guentchéva Aspectuality and Temporality. Descriptive and theoretical is- sues, 172, Benjamins, pp.63-107, 2016, Studies in Language Companion Series, 9789027259370 10.1075/slcs.172.03bri. halshs-01418754 HAL Id: halshs-01418754 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01418754 Submitted on 2 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. John Benjamins Publishing Company This is a contribution from Aspectuality and Temporality. Descriptive and theoretical issues. Edited by Zlatka Guentchéva. © 2016. John Benjamins Publishing Company This electronic file may not be altered in any way. The author(s) of this article is/are permitted to use this PDF file to generate printed copies to be used by way of offprints, for their personal use only. Permission is granted by the publishers to post this file on a closed server which is accessible to members (students and staff) only of the author’s/s’ institute, it is not permitted to post this PDF on the open internet. -
Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke
Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke by Rebecca Tamar Cover A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Line Mikkelsen, Chair Professor Lev Michael Professor Alan Timberlake Spring 2010 Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke © 2010 by Rebecca Tamar Cover 1 Abstract Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke by Rebecca Tamar Cover Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Line Mikkelsen, Chair Most formal analyses of the semantics of tense, aspect, and modality (TAM) have been developed on the basis of data from a small number of well-studied languages. In this dissertation, I describe and analyze the TAM system of Badiaranke, an Atlantic (Niger- Congo) language spoken in Senegal, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau, which manifests several cross-linguistically unusual features. I develop a new semantic proposal for Badiaranke TAM that explains its distinctive properties while also building on the insights of earlier analyses of TAM in more commonly studied languages. Aspect in Badiaranke has two initially surprising features. First, the perfective is used to talk not only about past events (as expected), but also about present states (not expected). Second, the imperfective is used to talk not only about ongoing or habitually recurring eventualities (as expected), but also about future and epistemically probable eventualities, as well as in consequents of conditionals and counterfactuals (not expected). I develop a modal explanation of these patterns, relying on the distinction between settled pasts and branching futures (Dowty 1977, Kaufmann et al. -
Modality and the Norwegian Modal Verbs
VILNIUS UNIVERSITY UGNIUS MIKUČIONIS MODALITY AND THE NORWEGIAN MODAL VERBS Doctoral dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Vilnius, 2012 The research was carried out at Vilnius University in 2002–2012 Research supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tomas Riad (Stockholm University, Sweden, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS UGNIUS MIKUČIONIS MODALUMAS IR NORVEGŲ KALBOS MODALINIAI VEIKSMAŢODŢIAI Daktaro disertacija Humanitariniai mokslai, filologija (04 H) Vilnius, 2012 Disertacija rengta Vilniaus universitete 2002–2012 metais Mokslinis vadovas: Prof. Dr. Tomas Riad (Stokholmo universitetas, Švedija, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija – 04 H) Contents Modality and the Norwegian modal verbs ....................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 The aims and the tasks of the dissertation ............................................................................ 10 1.2 The method .............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 Disposition ................................................................................................................................................ 12 2. Presentation of my model ........................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Terminology............................................................................................................................................ -
31.05.-ინგლისური-–-SIMPOZIUMI-V-Masalebi-ვებ
The Georgian National Academy of Sciences Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics The Institute of Caucasology at the Faculty of Humanities SHOTA RUSTAVELI NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF GEORGIA V International Symposium of Linguist-Caucasologists (Abstracts and Presentations) The Problems of Parts of Speech in Ibero-Caucasian Languages Dedicated to the 120th Birth Anniversary of Academician Arnold Chikobava Proceedings The project is financed by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (The Grant Project of the Georgian Studies Conference GEC-18-148) Tbilisi 2018 2 Editorial Board: M. Abalaki, R. Abashia, A. Arabuli, N. Ardoteli, L. Azmaiparashvili (Scientific Secretary), Ts. Baramidze, I. Chantladze, M. Chukhua, M. Glonti, G. Gogolashvili, R. Jaiani, N. Jorbenadze, G. Kvaratskhelia, R. Lolua, N. Machavariani, R. Pareulidze, E. Sabanadze, V. Shengelia (Editor-in-chief), M. Sukhishvili, M. Tetradze, T. Vashakidze. © Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics at TSU ISBN 978-9941-13-767-9 3 A. B a b a l i y e v a (Paris), A. R o s t o v t s e v - P o p i e l (Paris) IMMOCAL: A Corpora-Based Approach to the Typology of Verbal Categories This talk introduces IMMOCAL (Eng. Imperfective Modalities in Caucasian Languages, Fr. Modalités imperfectives dans les langues du Caucase), an ongoing multifaceted project supported by the ANR (Fr. L’Agence nationale de recherche), hosted by the Collège de France, Paris, and supervised by Gilles Authier. The project aims to provide a typologically-oriented description of TAME systems in a number of (less sufficiently studied) languages spoken in the Caucasus (including Daghestanian: Tsakhur, Southern Lezgi, Southern Rutul, Kryz, Kaytag Dargi; Kartvelian: all the languages, with a predominant focus on Megrelian; and Indo-European: Eastern Armenian, Muslim Tat, Northern Talyshi), with a special emphasis on the expression of imperfective aspectual semantics.