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Daegaya (Goryeong) Daegaya (Goryeong) 1. Daegaya History pavilion 2. Daegaya Royal Tomb Pavilion 3. Ancient Tombs in Jisan-dong 4. Ureuk Museum - 1 - Daegaya History 1. Rock Art-Paintings from the Prehistoric Age pavilion [Narration] Welcome to Daegaya Museum. A city-state called Dae Gaya was founded in 42A.D. and flourished here in Goryeong area. People were living in this area from the prehistoric age. They left their mark with rock art, which are paintings on the rock. Before there were letters, people used to express themselves through rock art. You’ll now listen to a conversation between the resident who found the rock art and a historian. [Resident] When I first saw this painting, I thought someone just scratched doodles on the wall. But when I looked carefully, I thought it was some kind of code… Here, what does this circle mean? [Historian] That circle symbolizes the sun. [Resident] Then, how about this square over here? [Historian] There are a few theories about this one. Some say that because of the lines around the square, it is the drawing of a village surrounded by a fence. [Resident] It looks like a cow, too. [Historian] In Korea’s agrarian society, people viewed cows as being sacred. That’s why some people also think that this is the painting of a cow’s face. Some also see it as a sword in a sheath, which can be interpreted as love between a man and woman. Ancient people - 2 - probably drew the painting while wishing for prosperity and abundant harvest. [Narration] It is estimated that this rock art was produced in the late Bronze Age. This would mean that people lived in this region from the prehistoric age and formed their own unique culture. - 3 - Daegaya History 2. The Prosperous Bronze Age of Goryeong pavilion As you saw from the rock art, agrarian culture prospered here since the Bronze Age of the Korean Peninsula. This was because this area was gifted by nature. This area is a basin that is surrounded by mountains. A water stream from the mountain formed fertile farming soil here. Based on this type of productivity, people were able to form a nation. But the nation established back then did not flourish much. Because of isolation, diverse cultures from the outside could not reach here. There were a number of small nations here back then. These nations formed a type of political confederacy, and it was called "Gaya." As time progressed, Goryeong became the central region of Gaya based on its fertile environment. We speculate that this was when the name "Dae Gaya" began to be used. - 4 - Daegaya History 3. The Birth Myth of Dae Gaya pavilion The birth of an ancient nation is always accompanied by a mysterious myth. A goddess from the mountain appears as the heroine of Dae Gaya’s birth myth. In contrast to the myth of many other Korean nations' births, Dae Gaya has a female heroine in its myth. With this story, we can see the tradition of worshipping women. According to the myth, a goddess from the mountain and a god from the sky gave birth to a son, who founded Dae Gaya. The goddess gave birth to two sons, and one founded Dae Gaya while the other founded Geumgwan Gaya. Both belonged to the Gaya confederacy. Geumgwan Gaya was prosperous first, and Dae Gaya flourished later. Another legend from Geumgwan Gaya says that six eggs came down from the sky, and a man born from one of them founded Geumgwan Gaya while another one founded Dae Gaya. Contrasting stories about the origins the two states shows us the competitive relationship between them. - 5 - Daegaya History 4. Dae Gaya’s Position as Portrayed in the Ancient pavilion Tombs Tombs show us remnants from the lives of those who have died. In particular, ancient tombs that remain today show us the culture and customs from the past. That’s why the pyramids of Egypt and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are regarded as world heritages. Exit the museum building and look to the right, over the hill. You will find the tombs of Dae Gaya, and they are valuable heritages that show us the lives of ancient people. The ancient tombs prove Dae Gaya’s political power, which gradually became more powerful. Earthenware and ironware that were discovered in the royal tombs show us the advanced technology and suggest the powerful royal authority of this state. Dae Gaya had direct exchanges with China and widened its international exchanges. One heritage piece that proves this is a wooden pot engraved with the words "Great King" in Chinese. "Great King" means the king of kings, and we can feel their strong pride from this piece of heritage. - 6 - Daegaya History 5. Dae Gaya, a Nation of Iron pavilion The ability to produce ironware is used as a standard to assume a nation’s power during ancient times. Using iron farming tools further developed agriculture, and iron weapons strengthened the military power of a nation. In the past Dae Gaya occupied the neighboring region of Hapcheon. And since Hapcheon was a famous iron producer, Dae Gaya was able to obtain ample iron resources. Based on this, Dae Gaya produced a large amount of iron and was called a nation of iron. According to Chinese records, neighboring nations came to Dae Gaya to purchase iron. Also, all transactions in the market used iron, which made iron a type of currency. The museum has a model of how they used to produce iron. Take a look at its production process. Based on this process, Dae Gaya’s ironware culture flourished while producing farming tools, weapons, and armor. This culture was widely spread to many areas of the Korean Peninsula and Japanese Archipelago, and Dae Gaya was able to further grow internationally. - 7 - Daegaya History 6. Unique Earthenware of Dae Gaya pavilion Each region shows a subtle difference in the shape of its earthenware. Gaya formed a confederacy with independent regional states, and these states all carried the name "Gaya." When someone says "Gaya," it generally means the confederacy of these states. It’s similar to ancient Greece, which consisted of various independent city-states such as Athens and Sparta. Did you see the giant earthenware model in the yard of the museum? It is a bowl stand, which is the representative earthenware of Dae Gaya. The earthenware of Dae Gaya can be compared to those from the neighboring kingdom called Silla. They look similar, but show subtle differences. First, look at the bowl-shaped stand. While Dae Gaya’s stand has smooth curved legs, Silla’s stand has square straight legs. On top of Dae Gaya’s stand, there’s also a jar with a long neck. The two were used as one set. A button-shaped lid represents Dae Gaya’s jar. In contrast, Silla’s jar doesn’t have a lid, and the jar had its own legs. So it was used by itself without any stand. In addition to the bowl-shaped stand, Dae Gaya also has the cylindrical stand. The cylindrical stand is represented by dense triangular and square holes in the body. A snake-shaped vertical decoration makes it more extravagant. We assume that it was used in rituals such as ancestral rites. The one exhibited in the museum yard is the enlarged replica of this type of pottery. As Dae Gaya grew, these earthenware shapes spread into other neighboring regions. - 8 - Daegaya History 7. The Gold Crown of Dae Gaya pavilion The gold crown is a fancy symbol of royal authority. The globally renowned gold crown belongs to the Scythians of southern Russia. A similar gold crown was also found in Silla, which was an ancient nation of the Korean Peninsula. This is why some people speculate that Scythian culture was spread to East Asia. Also, a number of gold crowns and gilt-bronze crowns were excavated from Dae Gaya. Let’s first take a look at the gilt-bronze crown. It has a huge plate on the crown frame. There were onion-shaped branch ornaments coming out from the left and right of the plate. The top of the plate has a big flower bud shape. This gilt-bronze crown is a prized heritage item of Daegaya Museum. There’s a small gilt-bronze crown next to it. This crown was excavated along with the skull of a small child. We assume that a child with a high social position used to wear this gilt-bronze crown. When Dae Gaya just started to grow, these gilt-bronze crowns were produced. When Dae Gaya started to enjoy the power of being a large nation in the 6th century, it started to produce gold crowns. And those gold crowns were excavated here in Goryeong. The exhibited crown is an accurate duplicate. Four leaf-shaped decorations are delicately attached to the crown plate by gold threads. Interestingly, a similar gold crown is housed by a museum in Japan. A Japanese businessman took it from Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period, and now the crown is exhibited in the Tokyo Museum. - 9 - Daegaya History 8. An Earring from Dae Gaya pavilion In addition to decorating the body, these accessories had other purposes. Accessories showed that a person held a high position and authority, and they also had the shamanistic purpose to prevent misfortune. Ancient kings and noblemen of the West also wore extravagant accessories for the same reason. Dae Gaya’s accessories are also very beautiful. Among many, the earrings are truly marvelous.
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