July 8, 2020
Mr. Jeffrey Swartz Vice-President, Land Development Empire Communities 125 Villarboit Crescent Vaughan, ON L4K 4K2
Re: Water Balance Study, Empire Legacy (Port Robinson Estates), Thorold, ON
Dear Mr. Swartz,
1.0 Introduction and Background Information
Terra-Dynamics Consulting Inc. (Terra-Dynamics) respectfully submits this water balance study of the proposed Phase 2 of the Empire Legacy (Port Robinson Estates) Site in Thorold, Ontario (Figure 1). Phase 2 development includes townhouse, semi-detached, single residential development, open space and a park (Upper Canada Consultants, 2020, Appendix A).
The purpose of this study was to complete a water balance to the satisfaction of Niagara Region. The water balance predicts the future hydrologic function of the Niagara Street Cataract Road Woodlot Wetland Complex Provincially Significant Wetland (Wetland) under Phase 2 post-development conditions (Figure 2).
2.0 Methodology
The following methodologies were used to complete the water balance study:
A. Characterization of the physical setting using published government agency information (e.g. Ontario Geological Survey and Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority) and field investigations of local conditions (e.g. groundwater monitoring well and surface water monitoring).
B. Modelling of pre-development and post-development water balance conditions through consideration of surface water catchments, land cover, soils, climate normals and the Wetland hydroperiod.
3.0 Physical Setting
The Phase 2 area upgradient of the Wetland is fairly flat with topography ranging from 181 to 177 m above mean sea level (m ASL) (NPCA, 2010). The land slopes from northwest to southeast within the surface water catchment upgradient to the Wetland (the Catchment) (Figure 2). This Catchment was delineated for this study using a GIS tool (Watershed Segmentation) based upon a topographic survey completed of the Phase 2 lands and the implied overland flow direction of surface water. The Catchment is 5.4 hectares in size, and as shown does not include the 15 m buffer of the Wetland.
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3.1 Surface Water and Wetlands
An Un-named watercourse is present along the eastern boundary of Phase 2 which flows northeasterly through the Niagara Street Cataract Road Woodlot Wetland Complex Provincially Significant Wetland (Figure 2). NPCA has classified the reach as “constructed open, with intermittent or ephemeral flow” (NPCA, 2017). Beacon Environmental (2019) has further reported it only “supports ephemeral flows, with flow only occurring during the spring (March/April) freshet …Flow or standing water is not present from end of May through October and the tributary does not support fish or fish habitat…”
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) has classified the wetland as swamp (MNRF, 2008). Beacon Environmental has further assigned the ELC Code and Community of SWD2-2, Green Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp Type (Beacon Environmental, 2019) and reported:
1. “no ephemeral pools or ponds are found within the wetland… and no annual spring flooding of the wetland occurs” 2. “adjacent lands to the wetland within the Phase 2 lands provide only minor sheet flow inputs to the wetland area.” These adjacent lands mentioned, providing surface water flow to the Wetland, are within the Catchment (Figure 2) upgradient of the Wetland.
In 2019, Terra-Dynamics installed a staff gauge (SG-3) and a datalogging pressure transducer, in this wetland for long-term monitoring (Figure 2). Surface water levels at SG-3 showed responses to precipitation events reported at the Environment Canada Welland-Pelham Weather Station (Environment Canada, 2020a). Dry conditions were regularly recorded between July and October 2019 (Figure 3). These results correspond with (i) the NPCA surface water classification of intermittent flow for the Un-named watercourse, and (ii) the reporting of dry conditions by Beacon Environmental (2019).
3.2 Overburden Aquitard and Water Table
The surficial geology within the Catchment is mapped as glaciolacustrine clay and silt (Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), 2003). The regional thickness of the clay and silt is between 30 to 35 m (NPSPA, 2013). Multiple authors have mapped this surficial silty clay as an aquitard (Burt, 2016 and Gartner Lee Limited (GLL), 1987). In May 2019, a borehole, and associated monitoring well (MW-3, Appendix B) was completed to a depth of 7.9 metres below ground surface. This location is at the downgradient end of the Catchment, approximately 30 metres upgradient of the wetland. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard was determined as fairly low (3x10-8 m/s at MW-3), consistent with silty clay values in Ontario (MECP, 2006) and Niagara (GLL, 1987).
The limited groundwater flow in the overburden aquitard is expected to follow topography (Haitjema and Mitchell-Bruker, 2005), being limited in velocity by the low hydraulic conductivity. Gartner Lee Limited (1987) provides a good description of the expected water table conditions within this overburden aquitard:
“Detailed studies indicate that the water table fluctuates over the weathered/fractured upper two to three metres of the glaciolacustrine silts and clays comprising the overburden aquitard…flow in this shallow zone responds to daily climatic changes such that, during precipitation, the open fractures from Empire Communities July 8, 2020 Page 3 weathering will quickly fill with water. The bulk of the discharge will then occur locally in swales that carry intermittent surface water …. The remainder will go to depth to recharge the ground water system.”
Groundwater levels at MW-3 ranged from 0.2-2.4 mBGS at MW-3 (Figure 4). The 2019-2020 Pre-development MW-3 groundwater levels showed an expected decline during the summer, with limited groundwater recharge occurring in late fall. No groundwater level response to short-term precipitation events was noted.
3.3 Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction
A component of groundwater discharge could be inferred at the Un-named watercourse in the spring and fall because: 1. The ground surface at the staff gauge was lower than associated monitoring well groundwater elevations for a portion of the year (Figure 5); and 2. The groundwater level elevations were generally higher than the surface water levels.
However due to the low hydraulic conductivity of the silty clay, the groundwater contribution to the Wetland would be undetectable. For example, across the 250 metres of wetland boundary along the east of Phase 2, it is calculated that less than 42 litres/day of groundwater contribution could occur in June 2019, and less than 41 litres/day in November 2019. These values were determined using Darcy’s Law; the hydraulic gradient between monitoring well MW-3 and SG-3 (from the water levels collected by the datalogging pressure transducers), the height of surface water above the ground surface and the hydraulic conductivity of MW-3 (Fetter, 1994).
3.4 Wetland Hydroperiod
A hydroperiod is defined as “the seasonal pattern of the water level of a wetland…It characterizes each type of wetland, and the constancy of its pattern from year to year ensures a reasonable stability for that wetland. It defines the rise and fall of a wetland’s surface and subsurface water by integrating all of the inflows and outflows” (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2007).
Based upon the Section 3 information, the hydroperiod for the Wetland suits characterization as a Canadian mineral-soil Swamp (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2007) (Figure 6). The shaded lower portion of the hydroperiod graph corresponds with the wetland ground surface and the months of the year are listed along the x-axis. Mitsch and Gosselink (2007) state this type of wetland may “have distinct periods of surface flooding in the winter and early spring due to snow and ice conditions followed by spring floods but otherwise have a water table that can be a meter or more below the surface”, similar to as seen at SG-3 (Figure 3).
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Figure 6 – Hydroperiod for a mineral soil swamp, Ontario, Canada (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2007)
4.0 Water Balance
A water balance study for the Phase 2 area upgradient of the wetland complex (the Catchment, Figure 2) was completed and informed by the Conservation Authority Guidelines for Development Applications (Conservation Ontario, 2013).
It is noted that the Conservation Ontario water balance approach (and the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 2003 approach it borrows from) is typically concerned with the evaluation of post-development to prevent (i) increased runoff, and/or (ii) reduction in groundwater recharge. However, the Catchment’s hydrologic function with respect to the Wetland is providing additional surface water flow, not groundwater discharge, therefore maintenance of sufficient runoff to maintain the wetland hydroperiod is the criteria for the water balance assessment.
4.1 Pre-development Phase 2
A pre-development water balance for the upstream Catchment (and 15 metre buffer) was completed using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Monthly Water Balance Model (McCabe and Markstrom, 2007). The Thornthwaite Monthly Water Balance model adjustable parameters include: a runoff factor, a direct runoff factor, soil moisture storage capacity, latitude of location, rain temperature threshold, snow temperature threshold and a maximum melt rate (Appendix C). After some sensitivity analysis, the runoff factor in the USGS model was increased to best match water balance infiltration rates as previously modelled by the NPCA (AquaResource Inc. and Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, 2009).
For monthly temperature and precipitation inputs, the closest Environment Canada weather station with recent climate normals was the Welland Station, ID 6139445 (Environment Canada, 2020b). Monthly 1981 to 2010 average values were used for modelling the pre-development conditions (Table 1).
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Table 1 – Environment Canada Weather Station Welland Climate Normals (1981-2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Precipitation 78.2 61.3 69.7 75.4 85.2 82.9 85.9 82.4 96.8 89.3 98.5 92 (mm) Temperature -4.3 -3.4 0.7 7.3 13.4 18.8 21.6 20.7 16.6 10.1 4.6 -1.1 (oC)
Pre-development land cover within the Catchment (and 15 metre buffer) was obtained from the NPCA. The NPCA had previously identified five land cover types (Table 2) within the Catchment upgradient of the Wetland (NPCA and AquaResource Inc., 2010). These land cover types were derived from the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System (SOLRIS) and the Southern Ontario Interim Landcover (SIL), current to 2000-2002. The NPCA had also previously assigned soil water holding capacities (SWHC) for each of these land cover types based upon the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) hydrologic soil group mapping (AquaResource Inc. and NPCA, 2009). The three associated SWHC values of 200, 250 and 400 mm (Table 2) were modelled for runoff and recharge in the USGS model.
Table 2 – Pre-development conditions Land Cover Type Monoculture Mixed Plantations Rural Land Forest Agriculture Use Area (m2) 18,123 8,021 21,313 1,151 6,652 Hydrologic Soil Group C Soil Water Holding Capacity (mm) 200 250 400 Percent of Catchment 47% 41% 12%
Modelled Recharge (mm/year) 48 49 52 Modelled Runoff (mm/year) 402 400 397 Annual Runoff Volume (m3/year) 10,510 8,986 2,641
The average monthly modelled runoff results, as pro-rated by the Catchment (and the 15 metre buffer), are shown in Table 3. These values were calculated by an area-weighted procedure using the USGS Monthly Water Balance Model monthly runoff values per land cover type and soil water holding capacity (Appendix C). The values match what has been reported by Beacon Environmental, and observed by Terra-Dynamics, in that fairly dry surface water conditions occur during the June to October period.
Table 3 – Monthly Modelled Pre-Development Runoff Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SUM Runoff (mm) 40 39 63 59 28 7 5 4 5 15 75 62 400 Runoff % of 51% 64% 90% 78% 33% 8% 5% 5% 5% 17% 75% 62% 40% Precipitation
4.2 Pre-development Wetland Conditions
The Wetland was assigned a soil water holding capacity of 400 mm, as per NPCA’s previous water balance model value for swamp (AquaResource Inc. and NPCA, 2009). The soil moisture for the wetland Empire Communities July 8, 2020 Page 6
(Table 4) was calculated using the Welland Station climate normals, and the USGS Monthly Water Balance Model. The results identified deficit, or dry conditions (i.e. less than 400 mm saturated soil conditions) for June through September (Table 4), if there was no runoff into the Wetland.
It is assumed that runoff from the Catchment (and the 15 m buffer) flows to the Wetland under pre-development conditions. When runoff to the Wetland exceeds the soil water holding capacity of the Wetland (i.e. 400 mm), runoff would continue downstream via the Un-named watercourse. To evaluate the effect of pre-development runoff from the Catchment to the Wetland, the modelled annual runoff volume (Table 2) was converted to a monthly runoff depth (in mm, Table 3) based upon the 9,020 m2 of wetland within Phase 2 receiving the water (Table 4).
Where the soil moisture in the Wetland is already 400 mm, the addition of runoff from the Catchment does not remain in the Wetland but becomes additional runoff to the Un-named watercourse (i.e. Mar- May and Oct-Nov). Runoff in January, February and December are not included as their average monthly temperatures are below 0oC which implies frozen (i.e. non-flowing) surface water conditions (Table 1). However, during June to September, the addition of runoff from the Catchment improves dry soil moisture conditions. The modelling also indicates sufficient runoff enters the Wetland, under Pre-development conditions, to promote flow to the Un-named watercourse during June, where it might not otherwise occur.
Table 4 – Pre-development Wetland Monthly Water Balance Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wetland (only) 400 400 400 400 400 379 343 324 355 400 400 400 Soil Moisture (mm) Modelled 252 247 394 370 178 41 28 26 30 94 470 390 Catchment runoff (mm) Wetland (plus >400 >400 >400 >400 >400 >400 371 349 386 >400 >400 >400 runoff) Soil Moisture (mm) Note: >400 implies flow to the Un-named watercourse
4.3 Post-development Phase 2
While development of Phase 2 will reduce the drainage area of surface water flow to the Wetland, Phase 2 has been designed to maintain the Wetland’s hydroperiod through supply of sufficient surface water flow, the critical month being June. This is because in an average June, under modelled pre- development conditions, runoff to the Wetland is expected to saturate the soils allowing for runoff to the Un-named watercourse. The Phase 2 drainage area flowing to the Wetland is 1.8 hectares (18,075 m2). This area includes residential homes, a park, open space and a 15 m buffer of the Wetland (Upper Canada Consulting, 2020, Appendix A). For modelling Phase 2 Post-development conditions, three land cover types were considered: (i) the 15 m buffer as forest/swamp with a SWHC of 400 mm, (ii) Grassed areas associated with the park and 65% of residential lots with a SWHC of 200 mm and (iii) 35% of residential areas as impervious.
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The modelling results (Table 5) show that the hydroperiod of the Wetland can be maintained by the Phase 2 design as shown by (i) maintaining the soil moisture in the Wetland as greater than 400 mm in June, and (ii) by maintaining close to pre-development soil moisture conditions in July through September. These Post-development conditions should not negatively affect the Wetland as the Green Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp community is tolerant of slight hydrological change with a medium hydrological sensitivity (TRCA, 2017). In addition, flow from the Wetland to the Un-named watercourse is expected at a similar monthly frequency.
Table 5 – Post-development Wetland Monthly Water Balance Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wetland (only) 400 400 400 400 400 379 343 324 355 400 400 400 Soil Moisture (mm) Modelled 86 83 130 123 64 22 18 17 20 38 156 131 Phase 2 runoff (mm) Wetland (plus >400 >400 >400 >400 >400 >400 361 341 375 >400 >400 >400 runoff) Soil Moisture (mm) Note: >400 implies flow to the Un-named watercourse
Although not included in the calculations, residences backing onto the 15 metre buffer will also provide additional runoff to the Wetland via sump pump discharge. This is expected to occur primarily in the spring (during the period of higher water table elevations) and during some storm events.
5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
The following conclusions are provided:
1. The Phase 2 development is on a regional aquitard with very limited groundwater recharge; 2. The Wetland has been observed to experience dry conditions during the summer; 3. Upgradient pre-development surface water flow has a role in the Wetland hydroperiod; and 4. The Phase 2 development plan can provide sufficient runoff to replicate the pre-development Wetland hydroperiod. This will be accomplished through clean runoff directed from rear yards and roof-tops.
5.2 Recommendations
The following recommendations are provided for your consideration:
1. As detailed in Beacon Environmental (2019), and as designed by Upper Canada Consultants (2020), maintain surface water flow to the Wetland through the grading of rear lot yards, roof drainage and sump pump discharge towards the Wetland;
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6.0 References
AquaResource Inc. and Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, 2009. Water Availability Study for the Central Welland River, Big Forks Creek, and Beaverdams Shriners Creeks, Watershed Plan Areas, Niagara Peninsula Source Protection Area.
Beacon Environmental, 2019. Environmental Impact Study, Port Robinson Estates, Phases 2, 3, and 4, Port Robinson West, City of Thorold, Niagara Region.
Beacon Environmental, 2020. Environmental Impact Study Addendum, Port Robinson Estates, Phases 2, 3 and 4, Town of Thorold, Niagara Region.
Burt, A., 2016. Project Unit 13-018. The Niagara Peninsula in Three Dimensions: A Drilling Update. Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 2016, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6323, p.30-1 to 30-13.
Conservation Ontario, 2013. Hydrogeological Assessment Submissions, Conservation Authority Guidelines for Development Applications.
Environment Canada, 2020a. Data Report for Welland-Pelham, Climate ID: 6139449.
Environment Canada, 2020b. Climate Normals 1981-2010 Welland Station, ID 6139445.
Fetter, C.W., 1994. Applied Hydrogeology, 3rd Edition.
Gartner Lee Limited (GLL), 1987. Water Resources of the Niagara Frontier and the Welland River Drainage Basin. Prepared for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Haitjema, H.M. and Mitchell-Bruker, S., 2005. Are Water Tables a Subdued Replica of the Topography? Vol.43, No. 6- GROUND WATER.
McCabe, G.J., and Markstrom, S.L., 2007. A monthly water-balance model driven by a graphical user interface. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File report 2007-1008, 6p.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2008. Niagara Street – Cataract Road Wetland Complex, Wetland Evaluation Edition 3rd.
Ministry of the Environment, (Conservation and Parks), 2006. Assessment Report: Draft Guidance Module 3, Groundwater Vulnerability Analysis.
Ministry of the Environment, (Conservation and Parks), 2003. Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual.
Mitsch, W.J., and Gosselink, J.G., 2007. Wetlands, 4th Edition.
Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, 2017. Contemporary Watercourse Mapping. Empire Communities July 8, 2020 Page 10
Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority and AquaResource Inc., 2010. Niagara Peninsula Tier 1, Water Budget and Water Quantity Stress Assessment, Final Report, Niagara Peninsula Source Protection Area.
Niagara Peninsula Source Protection Authority (NPSPA), 2013. Updated Assessment Report.
Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), 2003. Surficial geology of southern Ontario. Miscellaneous Release Data – 128. Project Summary and Technical Document, 53 pp.
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), 2020. AgMaps https://www.gisapplication.lrc.gov.on.ca/AIA/index.html?viewer=AIA.AIA&locale=en-US
Terra-Dynamics Consulting Inc., 2020. 2019 Hydrogeological Study Update, Empire Legacy (Port Robinson Estates), Thorold, ON. Prepared for Empire Communities.
Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 2017. Wetland Water Balance Risk Evaluation.
Upper Canada Consultants, 2020. Draft Plan of Subdivision, Phase 2, Option 3. ¯
Location of Subject Lands
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T T M M W BLOCK 49 S S Air photo: Niagara Region 2018. 2.226ha. (5.5ac.) d (ENVIRONMENTAL Draft Plan: Upper Canada Consultants, July 1, 2020. N 89°32'48" E e 312.53m m PROTECTION AREA) a -n n U Niagara Street
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1 Cataract Road Woodlot .
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'
4
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PROPOSED 3m TRAIL - OUTSIDE OF BUFFER W Wetland Complex
15m WETL AND BUFFER Wetland Water Balance Study
0 .0 8 EPA / P7 SW 1 Port Robinson Estates Phase 2
N88°50'00"W 110.051m
FUTURE PROVINCIALLY RESIDENTIAL SIGNIFICANT WETLAND Figure 2
Path: H:\TERRA_DYNAMICS\9283 - TD-___Port Robinson Estates\gis\mxd\2020 07 02\Figure 2 Base Map.mxd Revised: July 3, 2020 Figure 3 Surface water hydrograph monitoring station SG-3 178.5 0
178 15
177.5 30
Elevation (m ASL) (m Elevation Precipitation (mm/day) Precipitation
177 45
176.5 60 2019-06-01 2019-08-01 2019-10-01 2019-12-01 2020-01-31 2020-04-01 2020-06-01 SG-3 Datalogger Approximate ground surface Precipitation Figure 4 - Groundwater hydrograph monitoring well MW-3 -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2 Water level (metres below ground surface) ground below (metres level Water 2.5
3
3.5 2019-06-01 2019-08-01 2019-10-01 2019-12-01 2020-01-31 2020-04-01 2020-06-01 MW-3 Datalogger Ground surface Figure 5 - Hydrograph of groundwater and surface water 180
179.5
179
178.5
178 Elevation (m (m ASL) Elevation 177.5
177
176.5
176 2019-06-01 2019-08-01 2019-10-01 2019-12-01 2020-01-31 2020-04-01 2020-06-01 MW-3 Datalogger MW-3 Ground surface SG-3 Datalogger SG-3 ground surface
Appendix A
Site Plan
HWY 406 HWY
PORT ROBINSON ESTATES - PHASE 2 KOTTMEIER RD
EGERTER RD CITY OF THOROLD RAILWAY LANDS
PORT ROBINSON RD PORT ROBINSON RD
ESTHER CR ESTHER CR
CLOY DR BRIDGE ST W
SMITH RD SMITH
HWY 406 HWY HANSLER RD HANSLER
RAILWAY LANDS
SARA DR SARA SEANESY DR SEANESY
STEVEN DR STEVEN BEATTY AVE ESTHER CR ESTHER
HANEY DR KOTTMEIER RD KOTTMEIER
ANDREW TR LEGACY LN LEGACY
EGERTER RD SINGER AVE
ESTHER CR
DARLING DR DARLING FROGGY DR FROGGY
ESTHER CR MERRITT RD HWY 406 BLOCK 45 SITE LOCATION - PHASE 2 BLOCK 43 BLOCK 44 BLOCK 46 PORT ROBINSON RD BLOCK 47
297.750m 126.477m 114.690m MERRITT RD KOTTMEIER RD KOTTMEIER
HWY 406 N89°40'40"E N89°04'40"W N89°12'00"W LANDS RAILWAY HANSLER RD
9.86m BLOCK 19 BLOCK 20 BLOCK 21 BLOCK 22 BLOCK 23 BLOCK 34 KEY PLAN
LANEWAY LANEWAY LANEWAY LANEWAY LANEWAY DRAFT PLAN OF SUBDIVISION ESTHER CR LEGAL DESCRIPTION
PART OF LOTS 214 & 215 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF THOROLD CITY OF THOROLD
BLOCK 13
BLOCK 18
BLOCK 17
BLOCK 15
BLOCK 16
BLOCK 39
BLOCK 33
BLOCK 24
BLOCK 29 REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF NIAGARA BLOCK 28
BLOCK 38 BLOCK 14
LANEWAY
BLOCK 35
STREET 'E' STREET 'D' OWNER'S CERTIFICATE RAILWAY LANDS CLOY DR BLOCK 48
SMITH RD BLOCK 50 STREET 'C'
242.730m N17°32'35"E
STREET 'A'
STREET 'H' BLOCK 12 STREET 'G' 323.09m N00°18'50"W
BLOCK 30
BLOCK 32 BLOCK 53
BLOCK 37
BLOCK 36 BLOCK 10
BLOCK 11 BLOCK 9 SURVEYOR'S CERTIFICATE BLOCK 31
BLOCK 25 BEATTY AVE BLOCK 27 BLOCK 52 STREET 'B'
BLOCK 8 STREET 'F'
BLOCK 54
KOTTMEIER RD REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 51(17) BLOCK 40 BLOCK 26 OF THE PLANNING ACT BLOCK 6
BLOCK 7
N72°29'30"W 1.524m
BLOCK 41 STREET 'A' LAND USE SCHEDULE PHASE 2 ALEXANDRA DR BLOCK 5 BLOCK 42
BLOCK 51 BLOCK 3
BLOCK 4
BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
LANEWAY
172.790m N17°30'40"E BLOCK 49
STREET 'I'
STREET 'J'
N 89°32'48" E 312.53m
N 1°41'42" W
68.23m EPA / PSW
LEGACY LN VAUGHN DR
N88°50'00"W RAILWAY LANDS 110.051m
N88°47'50"W 4.523m DRAFT PLAN OF SUBDIVISION PHASE 2 OPTION 3 1048-DP-PH2 0
ESTHER CR
Appendix B
Borehole/Monitoring Well Log
Borehole Number: MW-3 Project: Singer Estates Elevation: 178.58 masl TERRA-DYNAMICS CONSULTING INC. Client: Empire Communities Geologist: Kevin Slaine, P. Geo. 404 Queenston Street St. Catharines, ON L2P 2Y2 Welland, ON Site Location: 905-646-7931
SUBSURFACE PROFILE SAMPLE Blows/Foot Well Completion Description Details 10 20 30 40 50 Depth (m) Depth Symbol Elevation (masl) Number Sample Type Blows/ft Recovery Symbol
Ground Surface 178.58 0.0 TOPSOIL high organic matter 0.0 178.50 1 SS 4 CLAY Silty, grey 0.08 177.89 1.0 CLAY Silty, firm, brown 0.69 2 SS 11
3 SS 12 2.0
4 SS 10
3.0 5 SS 7
174.77 4.0 CLAY soft, grey 3.81 6 SS 3
174.01 CLAY soft, wet, grey 4.57 7 SS 2 5.0 8 SS 2
6.0 9 SS 2
10 SS 3 7.0 170.96 CLAY Silty, soft, wet, grey 7.62 11 SS 3 170.66 8.0 End of Borehole at 7.92m 7.92
9.0
10.0
11.0
Groundwater elevation of 178.40 masl 12.0 measured on May 15, 2019
Drill Method: Hollow Stem Augers Hole Size: 20.3 cm UTM Coordinates: 170644644E, 4766545N Project No. Singer Estates Drill Date: May 8, 2019 Sheet: 1 of 1
Appendix C
USGS Thornwaite Monthly Water Balance
200 mm Soil Water Holding Capacity Output Soil Snow GW Date P PET P-PET Moisture AET PET-AET Storage Surplus ROtotal Recharge Comment ======Jan 78.2 9.7 36.1 200 9.7 0 51 36.1 40 Not included average temperature below 0 Feb 61.3 11.6 37.6 200 11.6 0 61.6 37.6 39.2 Not included average temperature below 0 Mar 69.7 21.3 62.2 200 21.3 0 45 62.2 62.6 Not included deficit Apr 75.4 39.6 54.5 200 39.6 0 22.5 54.5 58.8 Not included deficit May 85.2 71.6 20.6 200 71.6 0 11.2 20.6 28.3 Not included deficit Jun 82.9 105.8 -21.5 178.5 105.8 0 5.6 0 6.5 Not included deficit Jul 85.9 124.8 -37.6 145 120.8 4 0 0 4.5 Not included deficit Aug 82.4 100.9 -22.6 128.6 94.6 6.2 0 0 4.1 Not included deficit Sep 96.8 60.2 31.7 160.3 60.2 0 0 0 4.8 Not included Soil Moisture below 100% Oct 89.3 32.2 52.6 200 32.2 0 0 13 16.1 41 Nov 98.5 17.2 76.4 200 17.2 0 0 76.4 74.8 6.5 Dec 92 10.9 57.7 200 10.9 0 20.3 57.7 62 Not included average temperature below 0 Sum 47.5 Sum 997.6 401.7 250 mm Soil Water Holding Capacity Output Soil Snow GW Date P PET P-PET Moisture AET PET-AET Storage Surplus ROtotal Recharge Comment ======Jan 78.2 9.7 36.1 250 9.7 0 51 36.1 40 Not included average temperature below 0 Feb 61.3 11.6 37.6 250 11.6 0 61.6 37.6 39.2 Not included average temperature below 0 Mar 69.7 21.3 62.2 250 21.3 0 45 62.2 62.6 Not included deficit Apr 75.4 39.6 54.5 250 39.6 0 22.5 54.5 58.8 Not included deficit May 85.2 71.6 20.6 250 71.6 0 11.2 20.6 28.3 Not included deficit Jun 82.9 105.8 -21.5 228.5 105.8 0 5.6 0 6.5 Not included deficit Jul 85.9 124.8 -37.6 194.2 121.6 3.2 0 0 4.5 Not included deficit Aug 82.4 100.9 -22.6 176.7 95.8 5 0 0 4.1 Not included deficit Sep 96.8 60.2 31.7 208.4 60.2 0 0 0 4.8 Not included Soil Moisture below 100% Oct 89.3 32.2 52.6 250 32.2 0 0 11 14.4 42.7 Nov 98.5 17.2 76.4 250 17.2 0 0 76.4 74.7 6.6 Dec 92 10.9 57.7 250 10.9 0 20.3 57.7 62 Not included average temperature below 0 Sum 49.3 Sum 997.6 399.9 400 mm Soil Water Holding Capacity Output Soil Snow GW Date P PET P-PET Moisture AET PET-AET Storage Surplus ROtotal Recharge Comment ======Jan 78.2 9.7 36.1 400 9.7 0 51 36.1 39.7 Not included average temperature below 0 Feb 61.3 11.6 37.6 400 11.6 0 61.6 37.6 39.2 Not included average temperature below 0 Mar 69.7 21.3 62.2 400 21.3 0 45 62.2 62.6 Not included deficit Apr 75.4 39.6 54.5 400 39.6 0 22.5 54.5 58.8 Not included deficit May 85.2 71.6 20.6 400 71.6 0 11.2 20.6 28.3 Not included deficit Jun 82.9 105.8 -21.5 378.5 105.8 0 5.6 0 6.5 Not included deficit Jul 85.9 124.8 -37.6 343 122.8 2 0 0 4.5 Not included deficit Aug 82.4 100.9 -22.6 323.6 97.6 3.2 0 0 4.1 Not included deficit Sep 96.8 60.2 31.7 355.3 60.2 0 0 0 4.8 Not included Soil Moisture below 100% Oct 89.3 32.2 52.6 400 32.2 0 0 8 11.6 45.5 Nov 98.5 17.2 76.4 400 17.2 0 0 76.4 74.4 6.9 Dec 92 10.9 57.7 400 10.9 0 20.3 57.7 62 Not included average temperature below 0 Sum 52.4 Sum 997.6 396.5