Western Classical Music Jazz & Blues *Swung rhythms
Baroque Period Classical Period Romantic Period th th 1600-1750 1750-1810 1810-1910 *The 12 Bar Blues *Extended chords: 7 , 9 …
Bach, Vivaldi, Handel Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven Chopin, Schubert, Wagner I I I I IV IV I I *Blue notes – ‘bending’ some notes Ornaments Balanced, regular phrases Use of the leitmotif Minimalism by a semitone V IV I I / V th Terraced Dynamics Alberti Bass Music more expressive *Started in 20 Century
*Improvisation - Performers make up music in the performance Major & Minor Keys Wider range of dynamics Huge range of dynamics *Composers - Philip Glass…
Harpsichord Pianoforte introduced Use of chromatic chords *Rhythm Section - Drums, Double Bass, Piano/Guitar *Based upon Repetition *Front Line Instruments - Saxophones, Trumpets, Trombones Small Orchestra Wider range of mood Unusual Key Changes *Uses small motifs that (Mostly Strings) Orchestra got bigger Large Orchestra gradually change *Walking Bass - The bass plays a steady rhythm & walks up/down
Basso Continuo Elegant/Graceful style Use of Rubato *Slow changing harmony the notes of the chord or scale.
Fusion -Mixing more than one style of music together Pop & Rock Music *Riff - A repeated pattern. Can help
For example… *Pop - Commercial music which appeals to lots of people make the song memorable.
Bhangra - Came to UK in 1980s. Mixing traditional *Rock - Generally ‘more aggressive’ but also includes rock-ballads. *Examples: Indian music & pop music. *Instruments - (See instruments sheet!)
Tempo Structure Melody Intro The beginning. Sets the mood & style. Usually just instruments. The Who Jimmy Hendrix The Beatles Verse / Chorus Quite repetitive. Lively and Upbeat structure Simple. Decorated. Verse Tells the story. Lyrics change each time but tune stays the same. Chorus The main message of the song. Same words and tune each time. Pink Floyd The Sex Pistols The Clash Rhythm Instruments Technology A section that links two other sections. Indian instruments Bridge Syncopation. Drum machines. (e.g. Dhol, Tabla, Sitar) A contrasting section of new ideas – usually 8 bars long. AC/DC David Bowie Queen 4 beats per bar. Synths. Scratching. Middle 8 & Pop Instruments Outro Extra bit of music to finish off the song.
Film Music Musical Theatre
*A theatrical story told through music, singing, acting and dance *Genre - Action, Adventure, Horror, Romance, War, Sci-fi, Western…
*Types: Jukebox, Film-to-stage, Sung-through (no speaking), Disney… *Composers - John Williams, James Horner, Jerry Goldsmith *Composers - Andrew Lloyd Webber, Leonard Bernstein, Stephen Sondheim… *Think, how do the musical features represent what is happening on-screen? e.g. *Overture - The music played before the musical begins, usually featuring the Car Chase: Fast tempo, loud dynamics, sudden changes in melody direction… musical’s main themes.
WWII Film: Military instruments, fanfare, monophonic to represent isolation… *Solo - Song for one character *Duet - Song for two characters Large Theme Park Scene: Big Orchestra, Loud Dynamics, Fast/exciting rhythms… *Chorus - Song for usually the whole ‘company’ to sing Horror Scene: Dissonant chords and use of repeated pattern to build tension… *Recitative - A song which does not have a memorable tune (more speech-like), *Leitmotif - A short musical idea linked to a specific character / thing often used to fill in the story if the show is all sung.