The Transition Into the Romantic Era of Music: a Brief Overview of Works by Schubert and Beethoven
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The University of Chicago Objects of Veneration
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OBJECTS OF VENERATION: MUSIC AND MATERIALITY IN THE COMPOSER-CULTS OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, 1870-1930 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC BY ABIGAIL FINE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2017 © Copyright Abigail Fine 2017 All rights reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES.................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................. x ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 1: Beethoven’s Death and the Physiognomy of Late Style Introduction..................................................................................................... 41 Part I: Material Reception Beethoven’s (Death) Mask............................................................................. 50 The Cult of the Face........................................................................................ 67 Part II: Musical Reception Musical Physiognomies............................................................................... -
Enovation 8: Chord Shapes, Shifts, and Progression NOTE: Video and Audio Files Are Found in the Media Playlist at the Bottom of Each Lesson Page
P a g e | 1 eNovation 8: Chord Shapes, Shifts, and Progression NOTE: Video and audio files are found in the media playlist at the bottom of each lesson page. eNovation 8 Overview Summary: In eNovation 8 the focus is on recognition and secure performance of commonly found chord shapes and facility in moving between these different shapes Goals on the keyboard. The theoretical understanding of primary chords is emphasized so that students can quickly play chords, harmonize melodies, and realize lead sheets. Key Elements: • Technique: Chord Shapes: 5/3, 6/3, 6/4, 6/5 • Technique: Chordal Shifts and Progressions I, IV6/4, V6/3 and I, IV6/4, V6/5 • Reading: Chords and Inversions • Rhythm: Sixteenth Notes in Compound Meters • Theory: Inversions / Slash Chord Notation • Cadences: I – V7 • Styles: Broken Chord, Alberti Bass, Waltz Bass, Polka, Keyboard Style Go to eNovation 8 Topic Page Topic 1: Introduction to Chord Shapes and Inversions / Sixteenth Notes in Compound Meter Lesson Goals In this eNovation, students learn the 'feel’ of the different chord shapes and to quickly and comfortably shift between them. They will learn how the figured bass symbols for chords and inversions assist in reading and playing chords by shape. Students will also develop understanding of structure, content and fingerings for the different chord inversions. Activity Type / Title with Links Instructions/Comments ☐ Video Inversion Fingerings Watch instructional video Chord inversions have a distinctive shape on the staff and keyboard which Chord Shapes and Figured Bass Inversion determines its figured bass designation. ☐ Theory Symbols (Video and Flashcards) Watch the video: Chord Shapes and Figured Bass Inversion Symbols, then drill with the video flashcards. -
On Teaching the History of Nineteenth-Century Music
On Teaching the History of Nineteenth-Century Music Walter Frisch This essay is adapted from the author’s “Reflections on Teaching Nineteenth- Century Music,” in The Norton Guide to Teaching Music History, ed. C. Matthew Balensuela (New York: W. W Norton, 2019). The late author Ursula K. Le Guin once told an interviewer, “Don’t shove me into your pigeonhole, where I don’t fit, because I’m all over. My tentacles are coming out of the pigeonhole in all directions” (Wray 2018). If it could speak, nineteenth-century music might say the same ornery thing. We should listen—and resist forcing its composers, institutions, or works into rigid categories. At the same time, we have a responsibility to bring some order to what might seem an unmanageable segment of music history. For many instructors and students, all bets are off when it comes to the nineteenth century. There is no longer a clear consistency of musical “style.” Traditional generic boundaries get blurred, or sometimes erased. Berlioz calls his Roméo et Juliette a “dramatic symphony”; Chopin writes a Polonaise-Fantaisie. Smaller forms that had been marginal in earlier periods are elevated to unprecedented levels of sophistication by Schubert (lieder), Schumann (character pieces), and Liszt (etudes). Heightened national identity in many regions of the European continent resulted in musical characteristics which become more identifiable than any pan- geographic style in works by composers like Musorgsky or Smetana. At the college level, music of the nineteenth century is taught as part of music history surveys, music appreciation courses, or (more rarely these days) as a stand-alone course. -
III CHAPTER III the BAROQUE PERIOD 1. Baroque Music (1600-1750) Baroque – Flamboyant, Elaborately Ornamented A. Characteristic
III CHAPTER III THE BAROQUE PERIOD 1. Baroque Music (1600-1750) Baroque – flamboyant, elaborately ornamented a. Characteristics of Baroque Music 1. Unity of Mood – a piece expressed basically one basic mood e.g. rhythmic patterns, melodic patterns 2. Rhythm – rhythmic continuity provides a compelling drive, the beat is more emphasized than before. 3. Dynamics – volume tends to remain constant for a stretch of time. Terraced dynamics – a sudden shift of the dynamics level. (keyboard instruments not capable of cresc/decresc.) 4. Texture – predominantly polyphonic and less frequently homophonic. 5. Chords and the Basso Continuo (Figured Bass) – the progression of chords becomes prominent. Bass Continuo - the standard accompaniment consisting of a keyboard instrument (harpsichord, organ) and a low melodic instrument (violoncello, bassoon). 6. Words and Music – Word-Painting - the musical representation of specific poetic images; E.g. ascending notes for the word heaven. b. The Baroque Orchestra – Composed of chiefly the string section with various other instruments used as needed. Size of approximately 10 – 40 players. c. Baroque Forms – movement – a piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger work. -Binary and Ternary are both dominant. 2. The Concerto Grosso and the Ritornello Form - concerto grosso – a small group of soloists pitted against a larger ensemble (tutti), usually consists of 3 movements: (1) fast, (2) slow, (3) fast. - ritornello form - e.g. tutti, solo, tutti, solo, tutti solo, tutti etc. Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major, BWV 1047 Title on autograph score: Concerto 2do à 1 Tromba, 1 Flauto, 1 Hautbois, 1 Violino concertati, è 2 Violini, 1 Viola è Violone in Ripieno col Violoncello è Basso per il Cembalo. -
The Compositional Influence of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on Ludwig Van Beethoven’S Early Period Works
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2018 Apr 18th, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM The Compositional Influence of olfW gang Amadeus Mozart on Ludwig van Beethoven’s Early Period Works Mary L. Krebs Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the Musicology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Krebs, Mary L., "The Compositional Influence of olfW gang Amadeus Mozart on Ludwig van Beethoven’s Early Period Works" (2018). Young Historians Conference. 7. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2018/oralpres/7 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THE COMPOSITIONAL INFLUENCE OF WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART ON LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN’S EARLY PERIOD WORKS Mary Krebs Honors Western Civilization Humanities March 19, 2018 1 Imagine having the opportunity to spend a couple years with your favorite celebrity, only to meet them once and then receiving a phone call from a relative saying your mother was about to die. You would be devastated, being prevented from spending time with your idol because you needed to go care for your sick and dying mother; it would feel as if both your dream and your reality were shattered. This is the exact situation the pianist Ludwig van Beethoven found himself in when he traveled to Vienna in hopes of receiving lessons from his role model, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. -
Romantic Music 1810 – 1900
Romantic Music 1810 – 1900 Key Characteristics • A thick texture • Wide range and contrast in dynamics and pitch • Long expressive melodies • Rich harmonies • A large orchestra – a variety of Percussion is now common • Use of recurring themes – Leitmotiv • Nationalism Romantic Orchestra • Orchestra size became the size it is today. • Strings – many more players (plus the Harp) • Brass – introduction of trombone and tuba • Woodwind – more in number (piccolo,cor anglais, bass clarinet and contrabassoon) • Percussion – 3 or more timpani, plus lots of other percussion instruments Symphony • A work for full orchestra • The Classical Symphony usually followed the pattern of 4 movements. • However, in the Romantic era some composers extended this to include 5 movements, • Some experimented with the addition of voices. • In both of the above examples the use of expression through dynamics, modulation and size of orchestra was significant. Concerto • A work for soloist and orchestra • In the Romantic era the Orchestra took a more prominent role in the Solo Concerto. • In Classical music it had played the accompanying part – in Romantic times it became equal with the soloist. • Romantic Orchestra became equal with the soloist Programme Music • Music which tells a story or describes a scene. • This was music composed for the purpose of telling a story or describing a mood or scene from a picture or piece of poetry. • Instruments and harmonies were assigned to certain emotions or characters within the story/picture. • Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony • Composed in 1808 • Beethoven said that the symphony was “more the expression of feeling than painting” • Berlioz composed his Symphonie Fantastique where one melody is used to symbolise a person throughout each movement. -
Music Or the Vocabulary of Music Transcript
Music or The Vocabulary of Music Transcript Date: Tuesday, 29 October 2002 - 12:00AM Music or the Vocabulary of Music Professor Piers Hellawell When I hear the phrase 'now that's what I call music', I feel nothing less than a huge pang of envy. This has been tempered by the sloganising of this phrase, which now acts as a parody of its previous self, but even in its parodic version it reminds us of a nostalgic certainty, about what music is and where it lives, that as a composer I can never enjoy and which, for me, is in fact a total fiction. I am less and less sure what it is that I call music (although, of course, I know when I hear it). The starting point for this year's lectures is therefore the absence of any global or historical consensus about what we call music, a confusion that has served the art very well over many hundreds of years. Through this year I shall be looking at what music is, how we present it and how it has changed. In my second talk I will even admit to doubts as to whether it exists at all, on the grounds that it is continually being mislaid: does it live in its score, in a recording, in a box under the stairs, in a drawer? Where did we put it? I said that confusion about all this has served music well; this is because as a species we are incurable control-freaks, who cannot help trying to reduce our world to properties that we can bend into service. -
Pdf Jean-Efflam Bavouzet 2019-20 Season
French Connections Jean-Efflam Bavouzet’s 2019-20 season includes concertos by Bartók, Beethoven, Mozart and Ravel, Debussy’s Fantaisie and compelling new album of piano sonatas by Beethoven’s contemporaries ‘This series of discs is shaping up to be a serious front-runner in a cycle of works that has never wanted for fine recordings,’ Gramophone, review of Mozart Piano Concertos Vol.4, July 2019 A schedule rich in variety and landmark recording projects is central to Jean-Efflam Bavouzet’s 2019-20 season. The French pianist’s chosen repertoire spans everything from the concertos of Bartók, Beethoven and Ravel to sonatas by Haydn and rarities by Debussy. Highlights include an extensive UK tour of Ravel’s Piano Concerto for the Left Hand with the Iceland Symphony Orchestra (8-15 February 2020); a complete cycle of Beethoven’s piano concertos with the Orchestre National de Lyon (19 & 21 March, 11 & 13 June); Ravel’s Piano Concerto in G major with the London Philharmonic Orchestra (14 February) and the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra (8 June); and Debussy’s Fantaisie with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra (28 & 29 February). Jean-Efflam Bavouzet’s long relationship with Chandos Records is set to grow further over the coming season. He will record Beethoven’s five piano concertos in November, directing the Swedish Chamber Orchestra from the keyboard, for a release due out in Autumn 2020, continue his series of Haydn’s complete piano sonatas, and explore works by Beethoven’s contemporaries. March sees the international release of the fifth volume of his critically acclaimed cycle of Mozart’s piano concertos. -
A Case Study of Institutional Disruption and Repair at the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1842-2012)
Maintaining the Institutional Core: A Case Study of Institutional Disruption and Repair at the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1842-2012) by Alison C. Minkus A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Organizational Analysis Faculty of Business University of Alberta © Alison C. Minkus, 2015 ii ABSTRACT Drawing from an institutional work perspective, I focus on how institutions are maintained amidst disruption, by analyzing what aspects are held constant, and what aspects are allowed to change over time. I offer the institutional core as the main focus of maintenance work set alongside peripheral aspects that may be changed over time. Using a historical case study and archival analysis of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, I find a continuum of change from relative constancy to significant change in three endogenous actors, i.e., the repertoire, soloists, and conductors, respectively. Three selected cases further our understanding of the nature of maintenance, including what is held constant and what is allowed to change, as well as how key endogenous and exogenous actors employ several key repairing and recreating mechanisms during and following periods of disruption. iii PREFACE This thesis is an original work by Alison C. Minkus. The research project, of which this thesis is a part, received research ethics approval from the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board, Project Name: Maintaining the Institutional Core: A Case Study of Institutional Disruption and Repair at the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1842-2012), No. Pro00042006, September 5, 2013; renewed, August 27, 2014. iv Just because everything is different doesn’t mean anything has changed. -
Music Appreciation Mus-100 Unit 5 Study Guide
MUSIC APPRECIATION MUS-100 UNIT 5 STUDY GUIDE 1. What was the span of time in which the Romantic era occurred? 2. Describe the melodies of the Romantic period. 3. What term was used by Romantic composers to indicate a flexible tempo that was to be determined by the performer? 4. Describe the harmonies of the Romantic era. 5. What was the most important ‘instrument’ of the Romantic period? 6. How did the Romantic orchestra compare in size to that of the Classic orchestra? 7. What is a general term for any piece of music associated with a story or extra-musical idea? 8. What controlled most of the elements in Romantic music? 9. How were dynamics employed in Romantic music? 10. What is the musical term for a short Romantic piece, lasting only a few minutes and is usually written for piano or voice? 11. Describe the use of tempo in Romantic music. 12. What is the musical term for ‘robbed time?' 13. Describe the use of form in Romantic music. 14. Instead of rigid forms, what type of music did most composers write? 15. What is the musical term for writing that invoved the use of various instruments to produce an effective and total orchestral sound? 16. How was the form of Romantic music determined? 17. What piano genre is a Polish national dance? 18. What musical era used chromaticism the most? 19. Which of the other ‘arts’ had the greatest influence on the early Romantic composers? 20. Which country produced Romantic nationalistic music? 21. Who were three early Romantic composers of piano miniatures? 22. -
Beethoven's Fourth Symphony: Comparative Analysis of Recorded Performances, Pp
BEETHOVEN’S FOURTH SYMPHONY: RECEPTION, AESTHETICS, PERFORMANCE HISTORY A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mark Christopher Ferraguto August 2012 © 2012 Mark Christopher Ferraguto BEETHOVEN’S FOURTH SYMPHONY: RECEPTION, AESTHETICS, PERFORMANCE HISTORY Mark Christopher Ferraguto, PhD Cornell University 2012 Despite its established place in the orchestral repertory, Beethoven’s Symphony No. 4 in B-flat, op. 60, has long challenged critics. Lacking titles and other extramusical signifiers, it posed a problem for nineteenth-century critics espousing programmatic modes of analysis; more recently, its aesthetic has been viewed as incongruent with that of the “heroic style,” the paradigm most strongly associated with Beethoven’s voice as a composer. Applying various methodologies, this study argues for a more complex view of the symphony’s aesthetic and cultural significance. Chapter I surveys the reception of the Fourth from its premiere to the present day, arguing that the symphony’s modern reputation emerged as a result of later nineteenth-century readings and misreadings. While the Fourth had a profound impact on Schumann, Berlioz, and Mendelssohn, it elicited more conflicted responses—including aporia and disavowal—from critics ranging from A. B. Marx to J. W. N. Sullivan and beyond. Recent scholarship on previously neglected works and genres has opened up new perspectives on Beethoven’s music, allowing for a fresh appreciation of the Fourth. Haydn’s legacy in 1805–6 provides the background for Chapter II, a study of Beethoven’s engagement with the Haydn–Mozart tradition. -
The Classical Period (1720-1815), Music: 5635.793
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 096 203 SO 007 735 AUTHOR Pearl, Jesse; Carter, Raymond TITLE Music Listening--The Classical Period (1720-1815), Music: 5635.793. INSTITUTION Dade County Public Schools, Miami, Fla. PUB DATE 72 NOTE 42p.; An Authorized Course of Instruction for the Quinmester Program; SO 007 734-737 are related documents PS PRICE MP-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Aesthetic Education; Course Content; Course Objectives; Curriculum Guides; *Listening Habits; *Music Appreciation; *Music Education; Mucic Techniques; Opera; Secondary Grades; Teaching Techniques; *Vocal Music IDENTIFIERS Classical Period; Instrumental Music; *Quinmester Program ABSTRACT This 9-week, Quinmester course of study is designed to teach the principal types of vocal, instrumental, and operatic compositions of the classical period through listening to the styles of different composers and acquiring recognition of their works, as well as through developing fastidious listening habits. The course is intended for those interested in music history or those who have participated in the performing arts. Course objectives in listening and musicianship are listed. Course content is delineated for use by the instructor according to historical background, musical characteristics, instrumental music, 18th century opera, and contributions of the great masters of the period. Seven units are provided with suggested music for class singing. resources for student and teacher, and suggestions for assessment. (JH) US DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH EDUCATION I MIME NATIONAL INSTITUTE