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Zoo Placental Mammals

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Zoo Placental Mammals Order Perrisodactyla Odd-toed Ungulates • 3 families: horses, tapirs and rhinos Zoo Placental Mammals • Herbivorous • Simple stomachs (hindgut fermenters) The Ungulates • Native to Africa, Asia, and Orders Artiodactyla and the Americas Perrisodactyla • Unguligrade gait Diceros bicornis • Precocial young 1 2 Family Equidae Family Equidae Grant’s or Plains Zebra Domestic Horses • Found on the savannas of Sudan, • The Family Farm has several Ethiopia, south to eastern South Africa breeds • Like all zebras, has black and white • Donkeys were first striped pattern believed to confuse domesticated in the Middle predators East about 3,000 BC, and • Nasty kick will also discourage predators, mainly lions and hyenas the horse about 500 years • Good vision and sense of smell, fast later, from a wild horse runners species most likely in Asia • Stallion has a harem of several • females and foals within larger herd Bred as pack animals, pullers, transportation, • Graze on tops of high coarse grasses Equus ferus caballus as follow the rains in the Great sport and recreation Migration from the Serengeti to the Maasai Mara and back Equus burchelli 3 4 Family Equidae Family Equidae Miniature Horse Miniature Mediterranean Donkey • The designation of • Originated in the miniature horse is Mediterranean area of determined by the Northern Africa; more recently from the Islands of height of the animal. Sicily and Sardinia off the • Height is usually less west coast of Italy than 34-38 inches • Almost extinct in their measured at the last native land • Popular pet in United States hairs of the main. Equus asinus • • Miniature horses are Equus ferus caballus Found on the Family Farm domestic and not found in the wild 5 6 1 Family Rhinoceratidae Family Rhinoceratidae Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Black Rhinoceros • Found in Nepal, and northeastern • African rhino found in eastern and India in floodplains of large rivers, southern part of continent, over wooded swampy and tall grass areas, grasslands grasslands and wooded meadows • Hooked, prehensile lip for browsing on • Flexible upper lip for grasping shoots and leaves grasses and leaves on bushes. They • Wallowing in mud helps to keep them are browsers and grazers cool, and gives them protection from flies and biting insects • Urine spraying of plants, foot- • Two horns, front larger than rear horn dragging tracks and dung heaps are important forms of communication. • Tough hide protects them from thorny acacia trees they like to eat. • Despite protection, these animals Rhinoceros unicornis Diceros bicornis are still poached for their horns, • Horn poached for traditional tribal knife handle and Chinese medicine valuable in Asian medicine • 14 calves have been born here as part of • SSP species the SSP program • Critically Endangered 7 8 Order Artiodactyla Family Hippopotomidae Even-toed Ungulates Nile Hippopotamus • Distributed worldwide, this • Inhabit river areas with deep water and adjacent reed beds and grasslands of hoofed-mammal group Africa, south of the Sahara and along the includes antelope and cows, Nile. pigs, peccary, hippos, • Grazes at night along river banks sheep, goats, camels, deer, • Not very social, but can come together in pronghorn and giraffe large herds if water is scarce • Mainly ruminants, with four • Thought to “sweat blood” by natives; chambered stomach and skin exudes oily moisture containing a red pigment, which acts as sunscreen foregut fermentation by and prevents the skin from drying and microbes cracking and is antibacterial in nature • 1-2 precocial offspring, • Live in herds controlled by a large male except pigs which have bull; herd is a matriarchy consisting of litters 10-30 mothers and young Hippopotamus amphibius 9 10 Family Giraffidae Family Bovidae Reticulated Giraffe Greater Kudu • Found south of the Sahara, from • Large antelope of Eastern and Southern northern Kenya to Ethiopia and African savanna found in woodlands and Tanzania. in savanna regions or lightly wooded areas bushlands • Longest neck allows giraffe to browse • Males have large spiraling horns, some leaves of tall trees of the biggest of any antelope species • Males can be up to 18 ft tall, a • Kudu can leap over obstacles that are newborn can be 6 ft tall over 8 feet high • 7 cervical vertebrae, same as other mammals, they are just very large • Browsers, eating leaves, flowers, fruits, • Giraffes must spread their forelegs to and herbs the side or extend their forefeet • Females live in small herds of six to forward and bend at the knees in twenty individuals along with their order to drink or graze calves, though males tend to be mainly • Prehensile tongue is 18 inches long to strip leaves off branches solitary • SSP species Giraffa camelopardalia reticulata Tragelaphus strepsiceros 11 12 2 Family Bovidae Family Bovidae Eastern Mountain Bongo Yellow-backed Duiker • Found in fragmented areas in the highlands of • Found in Africa, south of the Sahara in a wide Kenya in lowland forests and tropical jungles variety of rain forest and open bush areas in • Bongos are among the largest of the African forest dense vegetation antelope species; Only spiral-horned antelope in which both sexes have horns; females are usually • Diet of bark, shoots, buds, seeds, fruits, fungi, thinner, shorter, and more parallel herbs and some small animals • Bongos use their prehensile tongue to grasp the • Conspicuous sub-orbital glands used for vegetation they browse on marking territory • Need permanent water source; they wallow • Generally nocturnal, these duikers lie up singly frequently in mud, afterwards rubbing the mud against a tree, polishing their horns during the day in "forms" • Seldom seen in large groups. Males, or bulls, tend • Males tend to fight with tusks and canines to be solitary while females with young live in rather than horns. groups of 6 to 8 Cephalophus sivicultor • • “Duiker” is Afrikaans for "diver", a reference to Eat burned wood after lightning storms. This their habit of ducking into dense undergrowth Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci behavior is believed to be a means of getting salts and minerals into their diet. when alarmed. • Critically Endangered; Zoo supports the • Form monogamous pairs or live alone International Bongo Foundation’s conservation • Have the largest brain size relative to body size efforts of any antelope species. • SSP species 13 14 Family Tayassuidae Family Suidae Chacoan Peccary Kune-Kune Pig • Thought to be extinct and known • The smallest domestic only from fossils; 1975 found small breed of pig with a range of population in the Grand Chaco of Paraguay; habitat of hot semi-arid colors and fleshy tassels plains hanging from the lower • Peccaries use their tough snout to jaws push cacti and knock spines off; • Eat mainly grasses also to dig up roots • specialized digestion to break down • New Zealand breed; diet of cacti believed to have descended • Flees predators while it sprays from an Asian domestic secretions from prominent dorsal breed in early 1800s glands; thought to be a signal for • Known to be very friendly Catagonus wagneri other peccaries to keep the group together and to like human contact • SSP species Sus scrofa 15 16 Family Camelidae Family Camelidae Guanaco Alpaca • Guanaco are wild ancestor of the • Similar to the llama, but domesticated llama, found in the domesticated from wild mountains regions of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, and vicunas, found in the Argentina mountains of Peru • Thrives at high altitude in the Andes; • Bred largely for fiber blood has more red blood cells than products most mammals; hemoglobin is more efficient in transporting oxygen to the • Not as bushy as llamas tissues • Thrives at high altitude in • Ruminant; three chambered stomach the Andes; blood has more • Upper lip is split to help bring in food red blood cells than most • No hooves; two tough, leathery sole mammals; hemoglobin is pads on each foot for footing in rocky more efficient in terrain transporting oxygen to the Lama guanicoe • Spit cud as means of defense Vicugna pacos tissues 17 18 3 Family Bovidae Family Bovidae Domestic Sheep Barbados Blackbelly Sheep • All domestic sheep breeds • Indigenous breed to Barbados probably were bred from the wild • Have course hair not wool that mouflon of western Asia sheds in the spring • Rams have horns that typically • Blackbelly sheep are able to curve downward to their cheeks tolerate hot and humid climates • Most sheep have thick wool used and exhibit more stamina than in textiles; also used for meat most breeds of sheep • Short legs and large noses • High reproductive efficiency; • Several breeds of exotic sheep breed all year round unlike most are found at the Family Farm, domestic sheep including the four-horned Navajo- • Rare breed Churro sheep and Blackbelly • Found on Family Farm sheep Ovis aries Ovis aries 19 20 Family Bovidae Family Bovidae Navajo-Churro Sheep Domestic Goat • Originally from Spain and • Similar to sheep but without brought to the SW of NA a wooly coat, both sexes and adopted by the Navajo horned with backward facing, shorter growth • First domesticated sheep in the New World • Large capacity of rumen makes their bellies look like • Prized for their thick, fluffy they are always pregnant wool • Used for meat, milk, cheese • Rare breed • Several breeds on the Family • Some Rams have four fully Farm including Nubian, developed horns Ovis aries LaMancha, San Clemente, • Found on the Family Farm Boer and Nigerian dwarf Capra aegagrus hircus 21 22 Family Bovidae Family Bovidae Nigerian
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