Apartheid News, June 1965

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Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Apartheid News, June 1965

Alternative title Anti-Apartheid News Author/Creator The Anti-Apartheid Movement Date 1965-06 Resource type Newsletters Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, United Kingdom Coverage (temporal) 1965 Source Archives of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, Anti-Apartheid News, MSS AAM 2200. Description Emigrants and the White problem; Freedom Day rally in Trafalgar Square; Famine threatens Africans in reserve areas; Highest African standard of living myth exploded; The economy runs into trouble; Cultural boycott. Format extent 8 page(s) (length/size)

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http://www.aluka.org Published by the Anti-ApartheidMovement June1965 number5 pricesixpence

Published by the Anti-ApartheidMovement June1965 number5 pricesixpence Uy Emi and the White i problem David Enhals, MP, write s The prssure for the British GoI ment to act to warn would-be emigrants to South Africa of ch conditions which exist ther is ing. At the end of Maythe na conference of the United Natio Association passed i resolution on the Government actively to dcourage emigration to South The flow of emigrants hrn Bn. und the assited passaec sehe s steadily increasing (12,612 we vearl and the determinatio o tile Verwoerd Goverment to step up the tempo a wn by the lavish advertising campaign i recent week They are especially anxious to tMp skilled workers and telhnicians. When the TSR-2 project was cancelled South A rceived a diately ook steps pt ira i facingredundancytotakejobsin S the South African aircraft industry They claimed that more than et00 applications had been received aind o testhat500hauslmctedimmigrahe tees neito demonrate form .....d applied for jobs. ne onn andn part coner asteteaa t togIt llh an eneas a good wayof doing it. Mostofthosenowsigningtheo 0ultimateluutworrkablitise Afr oulat ia ont w hbouriS Thirdly, parties might ulk to .ei h rider haveouth b frin b don't the w hatkie to , its a lutiton a ternstathe position of the High Commission theyloe andta- if hey ei t Thoughthelidmaybetight futum n territories. If on o.be demonstrate fstecraritydeeaisthtaioa themonthwienindpiclearlythat apartheid is wrong and wag es.. Bt athey re eo thatndb too greatand there wiflbe an conference' ulmatey ... ..kable it i s essen.ti ll agescan outio he epeneo to o explosion. The Government oulght I Afaben pouation h way to skile to give its authority to a stem warning that the High Commission territories haveoyenthermit thewy to lee to those who may notknow the Ileer Rihardt, M P, writes: should be seen to be economically emplymen? Ad dothe beleve dongrs.and politically further advanced than thatthisfalsesenseofsecurity Juneistraditionallytemonth when the republic Particularly the can last? The British Council of Churches constituency Labour Parties consider economic dependence of these has suggested that the Government reSolstions for amnal conferenie. terrtorits on South Africa could be Thereismore and oretalk of shoulddo more than advise. They Among the amber that there are reduced, the right of unconditional using non-whitesastechniciansand h igrationshouldbe boundtobeonI d political asylum there be fully this is creating growing alarm among gdt onebeln the recognisedandtheir adm straton the white workers, At the end fAril discouraged by the imposition of a defence it would he OP special - apartheid tax" on all air cause of Anti-Apartheid if some were and essential services be made a mass meeting of 1000 mineworkers and ship tickets for travel by to deal with South Africa and the independent of South Africa. A from the Free State goldfields heard South Africa. and by imposing a problems of that unhappy coumtry. resolution which points out the warning from their leaders that two limit of £10 pet head on money that political importance of building up out of three whites would be replaced can be expatriated to South Africa. There are really four main lines for the territories is one which is well byAfricansshouldtheGovernment partiestoconsiderwhich might prove worth submitting to annual adopttheseideas.Theminersvoted helpful.Inthefirstinstance, conference. solidly against opening the door to ASrSET chi resolutions supporting the Labour African and Asian workers afterthe of Government'spolicyattheUnited Finally, constituency parties might secretary of the Mineworkers' Action i uNations might bring aboutaneven liketo consider a resolution calling Committee,PietKruger,hadsaid: issues irmerattitude.In contrast to the on the Government to undertake a AslongasthereisAfrikanerblood sastrecordofabstention and some- review of those services and functions iimetwillnotallowit,evenif strong timesobstructionofmeasures aimed which involve co-operation with Ihavetotakeupagun. state m ent atpersuading the South African the South African Government. In Government to changeots policy, a particular, such things as British A fact of life in South Africa which resolution which asks the Government Council scholarships, the visits of is not realised is that more and more Mr. Clive Jenkins, General Secretary to support United Nations action sporting or cultural organisations on people carry firearms and not of ASSET (Association of Supervisory would prove useful, In particular Government money and an insistence always legally. The Minister of Justice, Staffs, Executives and Technicians), such a resolution might call upon the upon all Government receptions Mr. Vorster. recently told the South has issued a strongly worded recon Government to commit itself on being multi-racial would help to African Parliament that between isendation to union members not to South West Africa, to implement confirm our opposition to apartheid 1960 and 1964 a total of 13,236 take up employment in South Africa, the recent UN resolution en financial in all its forms. firearms had been stolen. following advertisements in the British assistance to victims of apartheid. Press offering jobs to redundant and to possible inIernationaf economic Unless the issue of South Africa is But the white population is being 1SR.2 workers in the Atlas Aircraft sanctions. continually kept before the Labour encouraged to carry weapons and Corporaton.Atlashasbeenset Movementit tends to get submerged secrrity courses are being organised, up primarily to " beat the arms Secondly, a full discussion at party in all the other matters which a including the technique of shooting embargo ". and is io start production conference on ensuring that the government and a party have to icrowdedstreet, onjettrainersiin18months. armsembargo is fully effective, deal with. One way of keeping the Mr. Jeikins's statemtent says repudiating any suggestion that the cause of Anti-Apartheid before the A further indication of the tinder-box Simonstownagreementimplies eyesofthe Movement and the situation that exists comes from "AS$ET strongly disapproves of the military support for the South African country is ti see that it is raised and another announcement from Mr. incrase in pace of arms manufacture regime would have an effect on fully discussed at annual conference. Vorster in January this year that in South Africa and will be strongly uncommitted'apinion in Africa and I hope thmt all contsituenev parties, authority has now been given for recommending its members not to Asia. It is important to emphasise when they consider their resolitinns certain companies, including mining take employment in that country again that Britain completely will not forget that this problem is companies with a compound for more under any circmtances whatsoever, dissociates herself from apartheid urgent and explosive. Any pressure than 300 workers, to have tear-gas as to do so would be to strengthen and will certainly not supply the fruoo any quarter that might lave an available for dealing with any trouble a Government that Inas abandoned South African Government with arms effect on changing South African fromtheworkers. moralprinciples." whichcanbeusedforinternal policy ought to he encouraged.

June 26th Anti-Apartheid plans big .. - -*- - A Commonwealth Prime Minister and Members of Parliament from all parties will beat the South Africa Freedom Day Rally on June 27 in Trafalgan Square. Messages of support have been received from all over the world. Sir Albert Margai, Prime Mimister of Sierra Leone, will be present at the meeting, which will be chaired by David Ennals, our President, and addressed by Jeremy Thorpe, Humphrey Berkeley and Philip Noel Baker. India's Premier Lal Balhdur Shastri has told us : "The Anti-Apartheid Movement has my good wishes and support for the achievement of its noble objectives " in a message sent specially for the June 27 rally. Other messages of support and good wishes have been received from President Julius Nycrere of Tanzania, Nigerian Premier Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Jamaica's Acting Premier Donald Sangster, Alva announced some mouths ago by the Tough opposition planned for All-Whites' cricket tour S. Abdul writes: The all-white South African cricket team touring this summer will meet tough opposition to their Visit. The Anti-Apartheid Movement is calling for a complete boycott of the tour by players and spectators. Pickets will be organised for all the matches, and special efforts will be made for the Test matches. A special pamphlet - Why Boycott White South African Cricket? "is in preparation. Leaflets and posters will alto be available. Anti-Apartheid and other groups in and close to match centres are asked to prepare local campaigns against the tour. Tour details were published in our May issue and this can be obtained, with other campaign details and information about sport in South Africa, from the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Protests at the last white South African cricket tour gave great publi city to the fight against apartheid both here and in South Africa. David Shepard refused to play the visitors and demonstrations engaged the general public's interest in South African affairs. Because of the South African policy of conforming to segregation even where it is not spelt out in legislation, talented non-white cricketers like Basil d'Oliviera, who now plays for Worcestershire and is considered one of the world's best all-rounders, are not even considered for selection for South African national teams. 2 World Campaign for the Release of South African Political Prisoners. The Anti Apartheid Movement in London througits overeas de ftment asked commitees and srurters everywhere lo organise activites around the demand for the release of political prisoners and the improvement in their conditions; for economic sanction gaist South Africa; for a total arms mbargo; for the freedom of South West Africa from apartheid rule; for a boycott of alt apartheid intitions by artists, writers, sportsmen and university lecturers; and for a boycott of all South African goods. So far, we have had information from Australia, France and Irland, where there has been welcome response to this suggestion. "South Africa Protest" in Australia has produced a special Freedom Day badge and has rranged am public eeting for June 25 The French Conittee have arranged a film show and exhibition of photographs. The trish Anti: Apartheid Committee is rgaisising 0,16 Cla,'ad nor ,a hteh an orution At all cricket matches non-white spectators are segregated, where they are not banned from grounds. Anti Apartheid's work in sport in the past has resulted in South Africa's non-participation in the Olympic Games in 1964, her suspension from FIFA and the inclusion in the intrnational table tennis federation of a non-racial South African organisation. In Norway last month, anti-apartheid demonstrators protested at Davis Cup matches against the white South African tennis team. To be successful this campaign needs everyone's support distributing leaflets, picketing, sending money to cover the costs. Please contact AAM for further details. story don Day io of the strn for all. What is the history f iun 26? 1950- the beginning. The prop South Africa demonstrated in pr against repressive laws. Insie centres the people obseryd a do mourning, prayer and dedicatioi the bigger centres there was age strike. 1952- thn Campaign for the, of Unjust Laws, in which 1t0 volulteers went to jail in pr ainst discriminatory legill 1955- This year June 26 is of the adoption , Frdedom Charter which took SCORE starts well "m The Student Conference on Racial Equality (SCORE), a vigorous supporter of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, gets off to a good start with the publication of a fortnightly newsletter. The newsletter will contain news of the work of student groups, their meetings, campaigns, etc., in their own colleges and universities. ULUSARD. London University's Co-Ordinating Society Against Racial Discrimination, will co-ordinate with SCORE in the publication of the newsletter io avoid duplication. Subscription is fi per year and should be sent to SCORE, d o r Endsteigh Street. London, WCI. In the latest bulletin SCORE makes an appeal for interested groups to help Defence & Aid, which raises funds to help opponents of apartheid in South Africa, by displaying the " Black Christ ". This painting caused controversy when it was smuggled out of South Africa some years ago. It shows Christ as a Black African persecuted by Nationalists. The " Black Christ" has already success. fully toured many large cities raising money. Folk concert a big success The celebrity roll of folksingers on the bill at the Anti-Apartheid Movement concert drew an.overflowing crowd to the St. Pancras Town Hall on 15 May. Fine performances from Matt MacGino, Peggy Seeger and Dominic Behan drew a warm response from the crowd, and Messrs. Denver, owns, near Johannesbug tegates of all _aes .om Day South Africa. Clause by clause arter was adopted, stating the ental human rights to which th Africans are entitled and ih they pledged: "These mis we will fight for side by side, iout our lives, until we have Ir liberty." Thousands throughout South demonstrated against bannings manded the abolition of the iws, and a national minimum I LI a day. Industry ih esburg came to a standstill. - 20,000 Indians in Durban the biggest demonstration ever the Group Arem Act tion to impose separate ati areas. 59-- South African leaders pealed for an international conmer boycott of all South African ods. O -Following the Sharpeyille issacre -African organisations e banned and leaders imprisoned. i- Mass general strike was called. dom Day can no longer be brated because of police terror I further legislation outlawing all ned oppositiop. -We mast, brate June 26 as South African umDay - they cannot!I t ullough, Kent and Campbell the Misses Sandra Kerr and ia Cattouse were greeted with ready applause and appreciation. Tom Paxton, a young American singer and song writer, made an unexpected appearance in the second half, to great acclaim, This successful evening raised over £200 for the Anti-Apartheid Movement's needy coffers. 3-day school on Africa A three-day school on African affairs will take place at Africa Unity House, 3 Collinganam Gardens, SW5, on Saturday, Sunday and Monday, 5. 6 and 7 June. On Sunday, at 10.15 am, Raymond Kunene, Mathew Nkoana and Cardiff Mamey will speak on the struggle for democracy in South Africa. A discussion'will follow later in the day. On Saturday and Monday other aspects of African affairs will be discussed. Details can be obtained from Mrs. C. Kirkby, 27 Thursley House, Holmewood Gardens, SW2 Irish Fine Gail resolution The General Secretary of Fine Gail, the chief Irish Opposition party, has told the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement that his party supports the United Nations and resolutions it has adopted on apartheid. He said: " When in office we_ will give very careful consideration, in consultation with the representatives of likethinking governments, to the most effective means of implementing these resolutions."

Famine threatens Africans in reserve areas Africans in ninny of the reserve areas of South Africa are facing starvation as a result of the mot severe drought file ranuptey has know. For Mny yuvaes. The situation is most severe in thte Trasval and the Cikei The Rea Crss has stated tlhat it regards the Cikeni as a disast area. "The mealic crop is almost a complete failure," it reported at the eod of April, "and several crops such as beao and pumpkins have failed. The condition of stock is deteriorating and many losses can be anticipated." The organisation said it had decided to go into action with relief schemoes aftee confirmed reports of African schoolchildren fainting from hunger at the Heiatown practising school. The Africans oid they had not hadfood for two days. According to the Star of 27 April, there have been reports of human deaths from starvation already, aldtough they have not been confirmed. " But certainly there have been stock losses and the winter months are likely to send the number of deaths soaring among cattle too weak to be moved in search of grazing and water." Dr. P. de Voss, head of te Department of Sociology at the University College of Fort Hare, told the paper the situation was " really desperate With several students, he recently completed a comprehensive sociological survey of the Ciskei. "He found severe mental depression among the Africans. With the rapid approach of winter they speak-oftvatioa. and death in the worst drought in the Ciskei's history. "They desperately need help, but apart from church mission stations, who suecour a few, there is no one to help them. There is talk of an approach to the State on behalf of the Africans, who do not get all the benefit granted to white farmers. There are no irrigation schemes to bring them water and no feeding schemes for humans or for stock." Publicity and pressure eventually induced the Department of Bantu Administration to make available a sum of money for drought relief woik in the Ciskei. But the amount allocated £100,000 is a drop in the ocean, In any case, the form of assistance is indirect. "The £100,000," said the, Sta, on I May, " will be used in the creation of avenues of light employment for African men and women unable to compcl on the open labour market." Bantu Affairs Commissioners appear to have authority to pive direct relief only to unemployed, disabled or aged Africans in excep. tional cases. The voluntary aid organisation Kupugani stated in March that hunger on a vast scale will afflict the African areas throughout the republic this year unless adequate emergency relief was provided. "The damage caused by drought in the African areas can be measured by the official estimate of the mealie crop in these areas. This year it is 1,538,000 bags, compared with 2,729,000 bags in 1964," stated the managing director of Kupugani, Dr. Olaf Martiny, in an interview with the Rsnd Daily Mail. The failure of crops in the adjoining white farming areas would intensify the distress in the reserves. "Only a fraction of the normal labour force needed to harvest the annual crops will be employed, and tens of thousands of African farm labourers will have no source of income," he said. tne tlovelrmn Is most nervou about conditions in the Transvaal reserves, where famine conditions have prevailed for some years now. According to a report in the Sunday Times on 28 March, it is the view of the Bishop of Pretoria, the Rt. Rev. E. 0. Knapp-Fisher, who has recently toured the Nylstroom, Potgietersrust, Pietersburg and Louis Trichardt areas, that "emergency relief on a scale greater than ever before will be necessary if severe hardship, and even deaths from starvation, are to be iVoided'. But the Government is not anxious to have voluntary aid organisations prowling around the reserves, and in a speech in Parliament on 6 April the Minister of Bantu Administration, Mr. de Wet Nel, said it was wrong to create the impression that there was widespread hardship as a result of drought in the African areas and that the Government was doing nothing about it, The Minister said he was prepared to concede that diffieult conditions existed in the African areas, "' but uasat~bieface hat thieAfriApagihegu treated with so much kindness in times of drought as was the ease under this Government ". (Rand Daily Mail, 7 April.) But the Minister is not prepared to allow the Press to go and see for themselves On 9 April, he told Parliament that all applications from newspapers and individual journalists since May last year to visit Bantu areas in the Transvaal had been refused. Experience had shown, said the Minister, " that certain journalists abused the privilege and each application was therefore treated on merit Apparently there are no journalists of merit in South Africa. At all events, all those who had applied since May last year seemed to be without it in the Minister's eyes. But the Minister has also forbidden welfare organisatios to function freely in the reserves, and accused at least one run by the Anglican Church of " making money out of the African under the pretext of doing welfare wotk. In the meantime they were besmirching South Africa's name. He would not allow that sort of thing (Rand Daily Mail, 7 April.) Does the Minister mean us to andcrstand that le would rather run the risk of having Africans die of sta vation than have South Africa's name besmirched'? Is it not a smear on South Africa's good name that a single African should die of starvatior at a time when the Government is boasting of the country's prosperity, and when voluntary organisations are ready, but forbidden, to relieve distress? Tailpiece: According to an article by Dr, Piet Quin in the South African Med/it at Journal, "a return to their traditional foods could save the Rapedi people of the Northern Trauovast from further ravages of malnntrition. ... These foods include insect dishes, indigenous fruits and plants ". In the viem of Dr. Quin, the traditional foods of the trihe provided "'an adequate diet". bIx Atricans to die Six long-term African convicts who "tried " a fellow prisoner, found him guilty of informing, and executed him, are to die for his murder. The prisoncrs tad formed hcmsclvc into a cell of the Pan African Congress, said the judge, adopted "the slogans and cliches " of that movement, and elected a president, prime minister, and speaker of the house. Extremely careless Gert Cornelius de Bruyn, a housepatitter, was found guilty in Johannesburg of culpable homicide last month. Dr Bruyn killed a Coloured man when he attempted to hit him with the barrel of a loaded shotgun but he had his linger on _ (Ee trigger and the a went off. The magistrate, Mr. R. D. Bex, floed de Bruyn £100 and described his action as ' extlemely careless Jailed six to appeal Six of the 12 people found guilty last month in t Fischer trial have noted appeal against their conviction on the ground that the magistrate erred in many of his findings. Appeals have ben noted on behalf of Ivan Sehcrmbrucker sentenced to five years' imprisonment, Eli Weinberg (five years), Esther Barsel (three y'ars), Norman Levy (three years), Lewis Baker (three years) and Molly Doyle (two years). All but Molly Doyle have also noted appeals against the sentenees passed on them Ban on bull-terriers A wealthy cattle rancher returned to South Africa from a bull-terrierbuying spree in Britain last month and accused top English breeders of boycotting South Africa. He singled out Mr Raymond Oppntheimer, chairman of the British Bull Terrier Club, for criticism. Mr. Crament returned with only one champion dog. " And t only got that because Mr. Oppenheimer did not know I was buying him, If he had he would have been on to the breedcers as he did with all the others I approached telling thema not to sell." Some of the breedfers were badly informed about South Africa but others wete just politically biased, Mr. Crament added. One breeder refused tofsell his dogs, according to Crament, "because you'll give them to the natives to eat This is apartheid in education It was Dr. Verwerd who as Mtnister of Native Affairs most brutally sated the aim of Bantu Education 'and the sofe role assigtedo itin perpetuating the form of White tfom-station arid exploitation which is called apartheid. He declared that aeder his control "the Native" wotld by 1970 kn, that there w55smn"' place for him in South African society above the level-of certain menial tasks.' The story of the 'iniquities perpetrated in the name of education wtlt probably nevw" bye told fully -here one cannot hopeto mention more than a few glaring eases. * The per capita expenditure on African puapils in State and Stateaided schools has declined from £9 in 1953 to an estimated £6 l0s. in 1960-61. No comparable figures relating to the Republic as a whole save been published for children of other racial groups in 1960-61 ; but in that year net costs per pupil i tOc Cape were f72 10s. for white chidin and £28 for Coloureds. * For white children there is compulsory school attendance to the age of 16. They Most be admitted to -school In the year in which they turn six. Africans and Colonrds may not be admitted until the age of eight and seven. In 1962 there were 422.995 children in African primary schools; 47,147 in junior secondary schools (up to Form 111); 2,974 in senior secondary schools; and 894 in matriculation, of whom 532 failed. The seemingly high figure for primary schools is due to the fact that most schools have two sets of children the so-called double session, each lasting about 3) hours. * Soon after taking over control of Bantu Education the Government sold the century-old Lovedale Library This denial of books to Africans and all non-white readers is clearly illustrated by the following: ""Subject to cetain conditiowns the Department (of Bantu Education subsidises the purchase of school sibrary books ifhaftheO s met from school funds." No primary school may receive more than £10 a year, and no post-primary school more than £25. The first condition is that funds mast be available only £1,400 was voted for this purpose in 1963-64, i.e. £650 less'than in the previous year, * White students may prepare for degrees at ten universities including the University of South Africa, which provides correspondence courses. In 1961 : 40,003 white students, including 8,388 engaged upon correspondence courses. Africans may study at three so-called ethnic University Colleges and may prepato for degree by 'correspondence. In 1961: 1,923 African students, including 1,171 enrolled with the University of South Africa and reading for degrees privately. The enrolment for the three ethnic colleges was (19631 Fort Hare 239 (55 not matriculated) ; College of the North- 248 ( 118 not matriculated); Zululand 137 (49 not matriculated) In 1961 there were 18 Africans at University of Cape Town (formerly integrated), 181 at Natal, to which is attached the non-white medical school, Wentworth, and 38 at Witwatersrand (formerly integrated). Coloureds and Asians have one University College each. In 1961 the College for Coloureds had an enrolment of 289 but there were 327 Coloured students at Cape Town. 43 at Natal (medical) and 26 at Wits The figures given above must be read in conjunction with the population figures for the Republic (1960 census): Africans, 10,927,922;, whites, 3,089,492; Coloured, 1,509,258; Asians, 477,125. (Education figures are based on the South African institute of Race Relations Survey for 1963.) '3'

"Highest African standard of living' myth exploded It is the oft-rpeatd boast of the Verwoerd Govensment and its apologists that the standard of living of the African people i6 Sotith Africa is higher than that of Africans in any other territory in the continent. And 'his assertion'is us d to justify the existence of discrimination between Black and White in Sooth Africa. TIe Verwoerd line is : Well, what if threm is discrimination in favour of the whites? The fact is the Africans live better here than anywhere else in Africa. It is because Sooth Africa is governed by the whites that it has a higher level of economic development than any other African country. Africans in Soth Africa therzfore should be grateful for white leadership which enables them to enjoy a higher standard of living. Without the whites, the Africans of South Africa wodd sink back into the bog of poverty in which the other African peoples live. And Verwoqrd and Co. cite the fact that foreign Africans flock to South Atica to earn a living as proof of their assertions. Obviously, they argue, if Africans elsewhere could earn a good living they would not come to South Africa and suffer the humiiations of apartheid. They come to earn a living which their own countries cannot provide them. In fact, the argument is even used to show that apartheid cannot be so bad if so many" foreign natives" are prepared to come so far to reap its benefits. There is no doubt at all, of course. that South Africa is the most highly developed industrial country in Africa, and that average income per head of the total population is higher than elsewhere in Africa. But this is because of the inflated incomes of the 3,0011000 whites. When one comes to look at the earnings of the Africans, quite a different picture emerges. It is difficult to establish with certainty exactly how much the average African in South Africa earns. Proper statistics are not kept, and all that is available are estimates which vary a great deal from one epert to the next The Industrial Legislation Commission of Inquiry reported in 1951 that, judging by 1936 figures (which were the latest available to it at the time), the Africaits earoei 19,6 per cent at the national icomA Sine theco wagcs have undoubtrdl, gone tp, ttt th gap be tsseen wite a . tack earnings would seem to tase increased. Speaking at a conference in utbDo' on 17 Fehruary 1965. the head of the economic division of the Afica Intitute, Dr. G. M. E. Leiter, said that the Africans' share of the total population's personal consimioption in 19I6 was 17.6 per cent. Ths the Atrians' share of the national incone had lechned by 2 per cent in 27 ears. tn "964, South Africa's gross national income was E3,708.500,000. The African share of thi assuming the African proportion ef the stionsl income in 1964 was roughly the ame as fi 1963 was £652,686.00,) or about £54 per head, based o sI African population estimated by the Bureau of Census and Statistics to be roughly 12 million in 1964 (tie actual figure was 11,915,000). In fact, Dr. Leistner's estimate is considerably higher than several other official estimates. According to the Johannesburg Star of I I March 1965. the Department of Bantu Administration estimates that the purchasing power of the Africans "now approaches £500 million a year The same paper on 1 April 1965 quoted the Director of the Bureau of Standards. Dr. A. W. Lategan, as estimating African purchasing power at £600 million a year. The journal of the South African Foundation, Perstis,'' in its May 1965 issue, quoted Dr. S. P. du Toit Viljorn, Chairman of the South African Board of Trade, as stating that " the income of South Africa's African population is now about £600 million a year. of which about £500 million is in cash and the balance in kind " If one accepts this figure of £600 million as the African share of the national income then the per capita income of the African is only £50. As compared with this, the national income pm head in Ghana in 1962 was £74, in Algeria £79, in Senegal £60, while in 1959 Morocco and Cameroon had figures of L50 nO £51 respec. tively. With the possible exception ot Algeria, all these ar overwhelmingly black States. Our comparison thus shows that in these States at least the average African is ahle o lie well as, or better than, the average African in South Africa. Unlike the South African racialists, we do not use these figures to prove that blacks ate bettei than whitus, or black leadership economically more profitable than white. All we do hope to have demonstrated is that the Verwoerdian claim that white leadership has enabled the South African Africans to live on a higher level than Africans anywhere else in the continent is false. A recent publication of the Institute of Race Relations, quoted in the Johannesburg Star of 9 April 1965 describes the economic picture as a hewddering one of increasing prosperity and power glued lo a broad base of privation. ... While whit, So.th VririsL) ednjoy , Jiy~g, standard probably unequaled evn in the United States, hundreds of thousands of Africans literally cannot afford to live. More than 45 per cent of Africans in industry and commerce are paid below the breadline level of £24 a month. In Johannesburg alone commerce and industry have 4,000 workers living below the breadline." Ti- CGiw,-nm, .,, -o¢o - h. the pace-setter for African advance. But the Rand Daily Mail on 10 February 1965 reported. "Startling revelations of the low standard of wages paid to non-white civil servants and railway employees have resulted from a series of questions put to members of the Cabinet in the last week .... Mr. Schoeman replicd that 96.6 per cent of the 111,035 African, Coloured and Indian railway workers were earning less than £1 a day. Senator de Klerk said 59 per ccnt of the 83,434 nonwhite civil servants were also below that level. The it a day figure in each instance included salary, rations and quarters allowances." As we have seen the African share of the national income would seem to I ave declined by 2 per cent between 1936 and 1963. What are the prospects for the future? tere again we are in the sphere of pure guesswork. Dr. S. P. du Toit VilJoen has predicted that the state of the Africans' gross national product will grow with increases in productivity, "Their income at the end of the century will be just over £5,000 million and their pe rcapita incomoc will be £195," te said. (Pirspes,'i, May 1965.) The Minister of Bantu Administration, Mr. de Wet Nei, on the other hand, says the income of the African population by the year 2000 will be £4,300 million a year and their per capita income £L165 a year. De Wet Net says the Africans will then receive about 30 per cent of the total net domestic product. (Star, 23 February 1965.) Dr. Leistner, however, is not so optitistic. The African share of the national income by 2000 will be only 21 per cent, he thinks. " It would be unrealistic to assume that the share in total income of the economically least developed population group could rise at a very much higher rate than the income itself. Only deliberate and sustained efforts on the part of all population groups would gradually bring about a more balanced distribution of economic welfare." (Star, 17 February 1965.) The injustice of 70 per cant of the Population receiving only 21 per cent (or even 30 per cent) of the national income after another 35 years of apartheid role should be manifest to all. Out of their own mouths the apostles of apartheid condemn themselves. But then it is equally wrong to assume that the Nationalist Goverenent has 35 years of rule ahead of it. t is the job of the South African liberation movement to put an end to apartheid role and ensure that all sections of the people have equal access to the wealth of the eountry at the earliest possible opportunity.

The economy runs into trouble South Africa's much vaunted economic boom is slowly coming unstuck. The boom was largely contrived by the massive increases in Stae expenditure on armasents and a variety of largely prestige projects, including the Orange River irigatiou scheme. The doubling of these State eXpenditores between 1960 and 1964 had the prpose, at least i part, of lifting the otherwise ailing apartheid economy out of the criisis of conlidence which followed the Sharpeville massacre and the threats of tteroattonal icoitomic sanctions. The artificial stimulation from the top succeeded in overcoming the crisis; the economy moved forward into what has appeared to be a massive boom, with quick and easy profits and an unprecedented prosperity for the white population. The national income rose by almost a half in the five years since 1960. Supported by severe controls over foreign exchange and imports, the trade balance slowly improved despite the loss of important markets in Africa and Asia as a result of the international trade boycott. But the boom remained largely artificial. It brought little or no benefit to the maoi ity of the population - the masses of African workers and peasants. For them the apartheid economy remained an economy of poverty wages and incomes. In the rich industrial area of Johannesburg well over half the African families (according to a recent report of the South African Institute of Race Relations) receive an income of f10 10s. a month below the poverty line, and £21 10s. a month below the "effective minimum income level This report was based on figures collected just before the sharp ,increases in food prices at the end of the year. And food is tile biggest item in non-white budgets. Steadily the gap in earrings between white and non-white workers has widened. Ott the other hand, the dependence of South Africa's basic industries on African labour has not been lessened. In fact it has increased. While South Africa's industrialists complain about the shortage of skilled manpower to meet the labour needs of the booming economy, the sice of unemployment among non-white workers - now some 238,000 in the urban areas alone- is being assiduously moitained by a complex of labour reglatioms all with a view to holding the freeze on the ruling poverty levels of African wages. But then, the increasingly intense exploitation of the African people is the essence of apartheid and the system of white supremacy. Bt the boom is giving way to fresh difficulties. A big price inflation is becoming apparent, and this is hitting those sections of the population who have had least benefit from the boom. The industrial economy faces a marked shortage of white skilled labour. Bottlenecks of various kinds have appeared and these have halted the rise in industrial production as well as creating various shortages This situation has led to an unprecedented deterioration in the South African trade balance. Imports have risen rapidly, while exports have stagnated. In 1964 the trade deficit reached a record £254 million, which is almost double that of 1963 and some six times the deficit of 1962. In the first two months of this year imports rose even further, which with the export slump has combined to give a trade deficit of over £300 million at an annual rate. I he rapidly evolving balance of payments crisis for the apartheid economy is reflected in the decline in the country's gold and foreign exchange reserves. In 1964 the reserves fell by £45 million and in the first two months of this year by a further £20 million. The balance of payments would have reached crisis proportions at the end of 1964 had there not been what the South African Reserve Bank reports as the "increase in the inflow of funds for direct investment " from the Western countries. It has been this transformation in the apartheid economy which has occasioned the sudden tightening of credit within the country, and of Government efforts to reduce its expenditure on the Orange River project and certain other prestige projects. BUtas the March Budget clearly showed, the authorities are bent on maintaining icir immense armaments programme as well as the programmes for the further implementation of apartheid Promincet here are the projects for the decentralisation of industry 'despite the enormous cost) to take account of the concentrations of African labour in tile so-called Bantustains The export stagnation is significant. Although the apartheid authorities will not admit it, the international boycott is beginning to bite. With the exception of Hong Kong and Japan, South Africa's exports to Asia have fatten drastically between " 1963 and 1964. The decline has been as much as one-third 'in this period. The African boycott has also been substantial in its effects: excluding the Portuguese territories of Angola and Mozambique and the Rhodesias, South Africa's exports to the African continent fell by over 10 per cent, But what South Africa has lost through the boycott of those nations which are fulfilling the resolutions of the United Nations, she has just about gained from increased trade with the Western countries and Japan. These latter countries are " scabbing" the international sanctions movement: by trade and continued investment in South Africa they are intervening in favour of apartheid, giving the regime of Dr. Verwoerd a continued lease of life at precisely the time when the domestic economic situation and the boycott abroad combine to weaken and undo the apartheid system. Hitler's guard in Aniiih Afrir,n Colonel Otto " Scarface " Skorzeny, barred from entering Britain in 1959, was the guest at the South African Parliament last month of a leading Nationalist, Senator L. T. Weichardt. And the man who led the wartime rescue of Mussolini ... said in an interview, " If I had my life over again I would fight for Germany just as I did in the last war." Col. Skorzeny met the senator in Spain five years ago. Weichardt was once the leader-in-chief of the South African Greyshirt movement and was interned by Field-Marshal Smuts in the last war. He has corresponded with Col, Skorzeny for some time. The Cape Nationalist Press hailed tile colonel under a three-deck double-column headline: "Hitler's Bodyguard had Pleasant Visit to Cape ". It published a picture across three columns of Col. Skorzeny and Senator Weichardt chatting together. He listened to a debate in Parliament and commented : "1 was most impressed by the dignity and tradition." Apartheid prOfile You should be on our side man-you've got a natural sensd of rhythm:' Dr. Theophilus Ebenhaezer Donges Dr. Theophilus Ebenhaezer Donges, South Africa's Minister of Finance, is a firm believer in equality. In 1960, when South Africa was about to become a republic, Dr. Donges affirmed that the new nation would be - based on the principle of eqnal rights . But before anybody had a chance to adjust their hearing aids he had added ' between the two white sections of the population." At 67, Dr. Donges is one of the senior members of Dr. Verwoerd's Cabinet. He is the Rub Butler of South African politics. Frequently tipped for supreme power, he has never quite made it. The nearest he has come was when he deputised for Dr. Verwoerd after the Premier was shot in 1960. Hc resembles Rab in other ways. The Manchester Guardian once described him as "a diplomatist suave, polished, plausible, with the gift of persuasion in a high degree He is fond of cricketiand the classics and is a Latin scholar of some ability. The son of a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, Dr. Donges graduated at London and Stellenbosch universities.'After a spell as a journalist, he became a practising barrister. He entered Parliament in 1941 and became Minister of the Interior in Dr. Malan's Government in 1948. He is a leading figure in the Afrikaans Broederbond secret society, which supported the Nazis during the war. As Minister of the Interior he piloted through Parlmsent most of the legislation thattset up the machinery foi apartheid. The names of the Acts suffice to reveal their character : the Registration Act, the Group Areas Act, the Separate Registration of Voters Bill. Dr. Donges does not like to offend. In 1948 it fell to him to tell leaders of the Indian community that the Government's policy was to reduce Indians in South Africa to " an irreducible minimum ". But he assured them: " Repatriation will be applied in a friendly way." Sadly, this particular friendship did not last. By 1954 he was saying: "'Wherever there are Indians there is tension and unrest." And he spoke of " Nehru, dripping sanctimony When South Africa removed the Queen's head from its coins in 1960, Dr. Donges was the first to assure the English-speaking community that the move was not intended to hurt anybody's feelings, And in 1958 he was able to give smiling reassurance to people who had doubts about the Government's moves to check the racial credentials of Cape families who claimed to be white. Race classification removes uncerfainty," he said. -My officials have been instructed to classify with the tmost humanity.... The idea is not to be hard." Even if the smooth Theopluhis does not, after all. go down in history as one of the world's great humanitarians, at least he seems to have a sense of humour.

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS JUNE 1965 Published by the Anti-Apartheid Movement 89 Charlotte St., London, WI LANgham 5311 l dtor: Gus Macdonald statements issued in the na- of the AA4 National Comnittee r, its Eluive Unsig.nd articles in Anti.Apartheid News ae the nppsibility af the Editorial Beard. The freedom Day demonstrations at the end of June are the prelude to activity orgamsed ar i nd le tour of South Africa's all-white cricketers. Selling Anti-Apartheid News, will be an important part of our protest, Summer will also mean the loss of oat, considerable university sales. All student supporters should try to take a supply of the paper for sale during the vacation. To offset the fall we are drawing up plans for an ambitious programme of expansion. A start will be made in circularising sympathetic organisations and individuals. Suggestions from readers will be appreciated. We are gradually creeping into the other markets in the Englishspeaking world. Within a year we hope to have established ourselves it Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, African sales are growing steadily hut there is still room for improvement, All this will cost money. We shall therefore be attenpting to attract more advertising and increase the income from our Fighting Fund. Send us a donation if you can afford, if you can't, collect from friends or organisations who can. Fighting fund The Anti-Apartheid Movement subsidises our paper by £80 each month. This totals almo st £1,000 a year. We are launching a £1,000 Fighting Fund to make the paper self-supporting and take the weight off the Movement's strained finances. Why not send a pound: or when paying your account give the odds to the Fighting Fund? I enclose £ ...... s ...... for [] £1,000 Fighting FundSell A-A News An atnual subscription costs 10/ -. Bulk orders of six or more copies are at the reduced rate of 4d. per copy, sale or return. I wish to become a subscriber [] (annual subscription 10/-) Please send me ...... copies ] every month Join Anti-Apartheid We are in the middle of a big recruiting drive to double Anti. Apartheid membership. If every reader becomes a member we shall succeed. I wish to become a member (coast 10/- per year) I am studying and wish to become a student member 5 (cost 5/- per year) Wewishtojoinasanorganisation [] (cost £1 per year) N am e ...... : ...... Address Orgateisation ...... Cheques and P08 crossed and made payable to A nti-Apartheid Movement. I enclose in total £ ...... L.. IW_"M SJazz,"IplayedinJohannesburgandCape Africa writer jaZ Z Town,whichiswherethescenereally is.CapeTownissmaller,butbecause tells academ ics of the way the laws are, things are quartet better for mixed groups. Think of the to kee out quartet ~~problem.InJohannesburgyou owantedemf u i ts toplayinaclubinthemiddleofthe city. But your group is coloured, and The brain-drain from South Afric n you can't relrarse in the club, because uierstites and the curtailing of it's in a white area. So yqu save to certain lecturers' activities is causingdrive I5miles otOftown inget acoti nou tremfvae inies your band together. Then you drive south Atrican universities. ihee, back to the job. But you can't Dr. Robert Birley, a former head of g go on to a session anywhere after- Eton, now visiting Professor of Educa I Tony Laurence,writes: There's a very old American Negro blues song i which begins " If you're white, you're all right, and if you're brown, well stick aroun'. . . But if youre black, oh brother, gt back, gil back, git back." It summed up it the fewest possible I words the situation of the Negro in the deep south. Today, it could be the theme of the jazzmen and all the ether opponents of apartheid in South Africa. I Chris McGregor, for example. A 28-year-old pianist from the Transkei who found when he first began playing jazz that he was all right . he was white, but it was ''git back, git back" for the rest of his band. . . because they were black. Now that band is in London, after a successful and highly praised tour of Europe. One white piano player, a white girl manager, and four Africans who play a very exciting brand of I avant garde jazg, with overtones of their environment back in South Africa. I Chris is the oldest in the group. They formed up in 1963 when, as he said last week, "I formed a group with I the four best musicians 1 knew. The fact that they were coloured was incidental; the only thing that was I mportant to me was that they were the best men in the country." I The critics praised their work very highly, and Chris quotes one wryly as saying "They play like the modern American masters without their tricks of rhetoric." From Antibes they went to Nice, then to Switzerland where they played a number of dates in Zurich and Geneva. They were very popular in both these cities, and at one stage spent a month living in a Zurich cellar so that they could play a club there. Then they came to England, arriving about a month ago. They were greeted by a sympathetic Musicians' Union. who allowed them to play dates, although otficially a musician entering the country must wait a year before he can join the union. Assistant secretary Harry Francis mid at the time his union would take the same attitude to the band as it did in the case of Jewish refugees from Hitler's I Germany. I talked to Chris McGregor about jazz in South Africa last week at the African Cultural Centre attached to the recording studio of the Transcription Centre. He was with I Maxine Lautre, a Pietermaritzburg graduate who gave up her job on a newspaper to manage the band in i South Africa, and who is now managintg their affairs in Europe on behalf of the Transcription Centre. wards ecaus eyhaven t got he thon st htwttcsrang University innecessarypermits." I )hannesburg,.says lie has been to Since than the Goverinment has taken steps to relieve band managers ot this problem. It wouldn't arise now because integrated bands have been completely banned. Chris always played before segregated audiences. "I looked at it this way," he told me. "I had an integrated band, and it was a very good band. We were living proof that integration could work, and if the audiences wanted to accept segregation, then that was their problent.' Olficialdom of cour se isn't very keen on jazz. It's a little too sophisticated for the "simple Africans ". Alto saxophone player Dada Pakwanra had told me earlier, "It was all right if you played kwela. Boys were expected to play and whistle. As long as you played ' primitive native music' they didn't mind." Dudu has a fiercely individual sound. a mixture of the pure saxophone sounds of Charlie Parker, and the half-human cries and shouts which were brought to perfection by the late Eric Dolphy. He writes a great amount of the band's music.," I worked as a garden boy, did any sort of job. Of course, my parents couldn't afford to give me any formal training. None of us has any training. We all just picked it up. " Some people say that my music is protest music. Well, I don't consciously write that sort of thing. But if it comes out that way, well, then that's the way I feel." The other members of the group are Louis Moholo, the group's drummer, who is 24 (at one stage his only income was from walking dogs in one of the embassies in Johannesburg), and two talented teenagers. Mongezi Feza (19), who plays trumpet, and Johnny Dyani, aged 1. They have now been playing together since 1963 and have practically all lived together since that time. Before they arrived in Europe they had done a tour of South Africa, sleeping outside towns in their combi wagon because the African nmembers of tie group couldn't stay at the same hotels as Chris and Maxie could have if they had wanted to. (Naturally, they didn't.) All this has combined to produce. a group whose five members understand each other very well. Who can try daring musical experitents because each man knows the other foui will understand what he is doing' They're an integrated society in microcosm. It's ironical that if they should ever return to their own country they will find they can't play together again. Because " If you're white you're all right . . but if you're black, oh brother, git back, git back, git back." British universities to try to persuade young men to come to South Africa. Dr. Birley strongly opposes apartheid but believes that incoming intellectuals can help improve race relations. Here. Ezekeiel Mphahlele, well-known South African scholar and writer who is now director of the Chemchemi Cultural Centre in Nairobi, replies to this argument in a statement written for tbe Anti-Apartheid Moveiment, wiich is working to extend the cultural boycott of South Africa into the academic world: principle should accommodate excuses and concessions for the 'just', the 'liberal sniversiies'. Every boycott, like every war, has the inescapable corollary that all will suffer, the guilty and the innocent. But in any case the alleged liberalism in the English noiversities has never gone further than words of protest against apartheid. It is individuals from the universities who, as radicals, identify themselves with the cause of the underdog, and we know fill well what has happened and is happening to them. "But the English universities, as institutions, are bogged down in the sterile liberalism of tie Church, which is also the kind that is oriented protesting within the lw; making sie of whatever cinceinsions the regime makest conducting a constitutional struggle. What have these universities, or the liberal flank inside them, done for Dr. Edward Roue and Dr. H. J. Simons, who Iave been prevented from working at the Universities of the Witwatersrand and Cape Town respectively? Liberalism in South Africa, because it is d, liberalism of its kind, is trying to exist on inpolible terns, in conditions that make it irrelevant. "''liere are imasses of students in rhise so-called liberal universities who are prepared to benelit from the best supply of te'aclers from abroad but would not themselves be prepared to do anything to help change the status quo. Similarly there ace large numbers continued on page seven

Cultural boycott spreads to cinema Audiences in South Africa will not see any films made by Britain's leading director Tony Richardson in the future. Richardson, whose successes include "Tom Jones " and Look Back in Anger ", will insert a clause in all his future contracts preventing his films being shown in South Africa. Mr. Richardson's announcement has shocked cinema exekutives in South Africa, who believed the anti-apartheid show business war against South Africa would be confined to the theatre. News of the ban is contained in a letter from Tony Richardson's actress wife, Vanessa Redgrave, to Johannesburg actor John Whiteley-a relative of South Africa's Minister. of Posts and Telegraphs, Albert Hertzog. The letter was a reply to a plea from Mr. Whiteley for Vanessa Redgrave to use her "influence" against the theatre ban on South Africa. Vanessa Redgrave, who is a leading member of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain, pointed out that South African actors face a choice. either to appeal to the Government to change the laws regarding segregated audiences, or to accept the laws and their consequences. "When I read your letter it had the opposite effect on me to what you intended I am sad to think of you actors, fellow actors, unemployed. Butit is the policies of the Nationai st Government that have created your troubles." Vanessa Redgrave wrote to Mr. Whiteley. Miss Redgrave continued: "There is a snowball of opposition slowly gathering mass and energy. Its purpose is to lessen the disaster that lies ahead if continued support is given to the Nationalist Government and its policies. These laws must be chaugdiand finally only-South-. Africans ca change them. This can only be done by their saying: 'There are some things we cannot aceept'?' Keep out continued from page-6 of whites who are ready to share in the cultural enjoyment provided by overseas artists but go home to their snug suburbmn homes and forget the underdog in his locationse "It is time that people who want to go and teach in South Africa whatever their integrity and the nobility of their motives - realised that a cultural boycott of South Africa should be total to have any effect. "It sickens us, the South African oppressed, to notice how men of culture in the outside world have come to beat our deprivation and dispossession, our physical and mental agony, as an abstraction, something to intellectualise upon, while eleven million non-whites and the whites who are suffering side by side with them live in a nightmare front day to day, while millions of children are born into and grow up in a life ridden with police terror, and for whom the bell also tolls as the executioner's nurse hangs over them. " There is nothing outside intellectuals can contribute to the freedom fight short of being an organic part of the resistance movement. Tell the man on Robben Island, the woman serving a long sentence in a jail on the mainland, their children who have to grow up without a parent's loving caretell all these to wait for an intellectual revolution inside the universities, to wait until eBritish intellectuals have influenced white students and lecturers in an apartheid institution : can you dare tell them this with any amount of conviction about the ' honesty' of your motives? Or will You argue, like the cynic, that if we have been able to wait for 300 year* we can wait for 60? Would you dare?" Nationalists turn pirate to beat cultural blockade The steps taken to extend the "cultural " boycott of South Africa to the cinema are the logical follow-on from the successful ban on the segregated theatre being implemented currently by over 100 British, French. Irish and American playwrights. The impact of this ban h6 been such that the South African theatre finds itself virtually devoid of contem. poary works for perfonuance. Brla Brooke, a leading theatrical manager and producer in South Africa, even went so far as to offer his Johannes burg theatre for sale and announced his new start in the howling alley business, but withdrew this offer when the South African Government announced new legislation to combat the playwrights' ban., This takes the form of an amendment to the Copyright Bill which will make it lawful to ignore the wishin of any author if he refuses" on ideological or unreasonable " grounds to allow his works to be performed in South Africa. Lawyers say the new amendment is in clear conflict with the Berne Copyright Convention which provides that "the authors of dramatic works shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorising the public presentation and public performance of their works". if the amendment is carried (it has already passed the Lower House), South Africa will inevitably have to withdraw from the Berne Union, which will leave her ineligible for admittance to the other international copyright agreement, the Universal Convention, which includes the Berne Union countries (almost all Europe, the Commonwealth and French-speaking Africa) as well as the Americas. Banned pianist to play at Newport Jazz Festival Dollar Brand, South Africa's foremost jazz pianist, and his singing wife, Bea Benjamin. are off to the Newport Jazz Festival in July. Bea will sing with Duke Ellington's band, and Dollar will also perform. Three months ago a tour of South Africa they planned as their first trip home after three years was called off as they were leaving for the airport. The sponsors refused to back it when the South African authorities made it clear they would prevent Dollar Brand not only from playing for mixed black and white audiences, but also for mixed " black " audiences they wanted separate Indian, Coloured and African shows. Clown speaks Jimmy Edvards, the British comedian, does not expect to run into the same trouble as Dusty Springfield and Adam Faith. Non-whites will be denied the subtleties of Jimmy Edwards's humour. But as Jimmy says, "I do not think that my sort of entertainment would be all that popular with Coloured people and so the question of my entertaining mixed audiences does not arise." EALING STUDENTS AGAINST RACIAL DISCRIMINATION present 'RHYTHM and BLUES' DANCE FRIDAY, 25th JUNE ACTON TOWN HALL Part of proceeds to go to Defence and Aid Fund Admission 5/Tickets obtainable from: The Secretary, Ealing Students Against Racial Discrimination c/o Ealing Technical College St. Mary's Road Ealing ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT makes available for the first time tape recordings and scripts of Anti-Apartheid radio programmes broadcast to Africa and the world. Ideal for meetings of all kind: Sent anywhere in the world. Including: Life Under Apartheid South African freedom songs (ready shortly) Scripts available at 2s. 6d. each Tapes by arrangement contact-Anti-Apartheid, 89 Charlotte St., London, WI. LANgham 5311 NELSON MANDELA No Easy Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela's closing speech in defence of himself and the other accusedin the Rivonia trial in 1964 is now regarded as one of the most important, and moving, political statements of our times. More than anything else that has been said or written about apartheid and the South African tragedy, it exposes the horrors of racial hatred and the inhumanity of apartheid. This book is a collection of his leading speeches and articles between 1953 and 1964, edited by the South African journalist Ruth First. They Include accounts (and transcripts) of the three major trials in which Mandela was the chief accused, and his speeches and papers from underground and abroad when the 'Black Pimpernel' was, for a time, free. He is now serving a life sentence on Robben Island. Nelson Mandela emerges as a major politician of vision and humanity. 21s paper 10s 6d SHEINEMANN DEFENCE & AID FUND has, since 1956, raised £300,000 for the defence of those charged with political offences in southern Africa . . . for the welfare of their dependants. Needed now! £50,000 for legal fees £100,000 for the welfare of families Tes off this coupon and enclose with your donation I enclose L : : for the work of the Fund Please receipt to: N am e ...... Address ...... DEFENCE & AID FUND Christian Action Dept. AN, 2 Amen Court,.London. E.C.4

Buy 30 White South Africans Many opl in South Africa are poorly tormed about the effects of aparteid on the great majority of the country's people Ignorance of the international revulsion caused by S'tate-racism has bred complacency. 'The growing danger of a murderous -racewar leads not to a search for a just solution, but to a refreat into Lie mntial |tager of white supremacy. But Anti-Apartheid Near has a plan which will enable opponepts of racism to pierce the apathy and censorship arid make direct contact with the white community of South Africc. thousands of names and addresses are in "or hands. They come from the telphond books of South Africa. Out plan is that everyone in South Africa with a telephone will receive a copy of Anti-Aporheid Nets from you' The vast majority of copies will go to hostile elements, who will probably take them to the nearest police station. But even this tay earn them a niche is the Special Branch fles. A few copies, however, will reach sympathisers who will be vastly cncoiraged to s c a symbol of resistance inside Verwoerds prison compound. The Danish Anti-Apartlicid Movement has successfully pioneered a similar scheme. Duplicated letters and lists of addresses were made available to supporters who seut the letters to white South Africans. explaining all aspects of Anti Apartheid policy. ,Groups, clubs. rclatives, schools and unions got together and launched a great propaganda hlitz. Now it is out turn in Brit'in. AntiApartheid will also be sending copics to selected individuals inside 'South Africa. All this will cost money. To offset the cost and help our newspaper we shall be set ing lists of 25-30 names for a shilling. Extra copies of the paper for expOrting to South Africa will cost only 4d each. It will be money well spent and the response to our appeal is sure to be vast. For the first time, you can intervene directly in the politics of South Africa. Indian Free State Four Indian Girl Guides from Natal made a small bit of history recently by attending a conference in the Orange Free State. Free State authorities had to lift a special ban on 'he presence of Indians in the Province which has been in force since before the Boer War. Even to tavel through the Province, an Indian revquires a " transit " permni valid for only 24 hours. Passports issued to Indians for travel overseas are endorsed ' Not yalid for the Orange Free State Indians are unrepresented in th.e Legrslature, like other non -writs, and like them they suffered enforced removal from residential and trading sites by proclamations under the Group Areas Act; they may not bring wivesante South Africa, nor children born outside South Africa. They cannot move from one provin..e to another without a permit from a magistrate or passport control officer. Natal Indians can seek work in another province only by permit, and Indians from three Northern Natil towns cannot move into the interior of Natal without a permit, a relic of the days when the northern towns belonged to the unsympathetic Transvaal Republic. Until recenly, an Indian could not travel tre 435 mites fm Drban to East London directly, beniste he was not allowed through the Trense Last year the South African Governmeat issued a booklt describing Indians as" South African citizens" and "oar permanest responsibility Dr. Verwocrie is quoted an saying that Group Aren are just what thn Indian war. Cape Town defies Naft Cape Town City Council is sticking out its neck in defiance of new Government regulations requiring permits for mixed audiences. The Council is continuing its traditional practice of allowin non-srgrcgated audiences at municipl orchstral concerts m tb City Hall. Recently poltie caused a furore by taking names of Coloured people attending a regular Sunday night concert. By this move, the Council is challenging the Government to enforce its new poicy. announced by proclamation. The Government has the choice of taking the Council to court and making a test case, or of amending the law to give itself power to overrule the Council. Wearing thIre rrife of the K tuicum loa re loan ,,.nn ,of Stellrnbosch University (an aBwhite, Afrikaans- sgiking tostitior) recently marched through Cape Town advertising their Rag. The students were given strict instructions not to talk to anyone during their mareb, They weere led by two " Grand Masters" in special roben. The director of the Afrikaans Studenteund (a peo-apartheid student body uniting student at most Afrikaansspeaking universities) recenty reported that contacts had been made between the ASB and the Ku Klux Klan in the United States. Printed by The Warwick Press (TU), 58 Laadsner Road, L.oadon, N.19 War-plane production stepped-up Sauth Africa's growing aircraft indostry is now working On the fnst jet aircraft to be manufactured in tire Repubic itself. Atlas Aircraft Corporation, which has been busy rerraiting British and European technicians recently, is planning production, fo the South African Air Force, of the Aero Matchi MB 326 (driven by a British engine, the Bristol Siddeley . Viper" turbo-jet). The plane is presently being mainfactured in Italy. Engines will not have to be bought by South Africa from Biain, as they are built under ticrnce in Italy. The aireraft has a meanen speed of 5I5 mph, can fly non-stop for 700 miles at 40,000 ft. It is meant mainly fur training purposes, but can easily be cOnverted Into a fighter. bomber with two 7.7 mracbine-guns carrying four 1O0-lb bombs, plus six rockets. Te Allan Corporation was recently estabishcd, with a E23.S million investment, largely eoutelbted to by the South African Govermenlt It will also carry out maintenance wnork on SAAF planes. Baby jet slips through arms embargo Hawker Siddeley 125 twin jet aircraft, specially developed to operate from unprepared airstrips, may reach the South African Air Force in spite of the British embargo on thesupply of arms to South Africa. A spokesman for Hawker Siddeley has confirmed that negotiations were in progress for the sale of the e baby jet "to South Africa and that it had been demonstrated on the Rand both to private buyers and to the South African Air Force. Hawker Siddelcy understand that there will be no difficulty put in the wayof the sale of the arcraft by the British Governerent in spite.of the embargo on the sale of arms to South Africa. Tlre Ministry of Aviation was able to make no comment and nor was the Board of Trade, who made it clear that no information could be divulged at this stage. Inquiries made by thc Anti-Apartheid Movement, however, indicate that the Government views the plane as a civil craft. and does not regard its possible military application as suticit to justify refusal of an export licence. Hawker Siddeley themselves, howeve although they sires its suitabilly for use by business executives, confirm that militarily it would be "very useful ". Jane's" All the Word's Aircraft" 1964-65 ists the Hawker Siddeley 125 as suitable for liison, reconnniassice and transport !of up to 12 men. The Royal Air Force ordered a number in 1962, non in service as the " Dominie". Its military, like its civil, advantages lie in its short take.olI and landing eapabilitleii making it useful fIr operation in areas where there are m prepared landing grounds, and thi possibly fur operations against guerrilla troops, when mobility of the security forces wol be essentr uion Newspoint Karate Non-whites in South Africa will not be allowed to learn karate, if a request trom the South African Amateur Karate Assciation is agreed to by the South African Government Th association has asked the Government to legislat against nonwhites learning the -deadliest form of fetlidfence -, The association's chairman, Dr. Sebastian Hawklns, said What do you think would happen if 20,00 hanto learnt karate? They would have the country in chaos overnight." Stolen guns A total of 13,236 firearms have bcen stoles n South Africa and South West Africa ovel the past four years, according to a statement by JuStice Minister B. J. Vorster, who said these figures applied only to cases reported to the police. Mixed-up South African Government representatives have refused to attend mixed receptions given by the British Diplomatic Corps to mark the birth. day of Queen Eliabeth. The Queen must be tousted with soft drinks because the liquor laws forbid whites and non-whites to drink together. The untaxables Despite claims that Africans are advancing in industry only a handful of South Africa's 6,000.000 Aft rican workers will pay income tax this year. Figures published by the Receiver of Revenue show that a mecre 2,914 Africans will get buff forms. These are the only Africans who have earned between £494 and £9l0 fur the financial year. By comparison there are neadrly 900.000 white taxpayers. Figures published recently show that 45 pet cent of Africans in South Africa are still living below the breadline. Secret service South African expenditure on ifs secret services his shown a spec' tacular increase over the past two years. Estimates for the police budget this year showed that £106,000 was spent on the secret service, as against £12,000 two years ago. More T.B. Tuberculosis among Asians rose sharply in South Africa last year, according to the South African National Tuberculosis Association. The association says that in 1964 there was an increase of 16.6 per cent -from 929 to 1.083 cases- among Asians. Among Coloureds there was an increase of 2 per cent, with 7.82 cases as against 7,652 the previous year. " This increase comes as a shock, the association statement said. Kenyan Ban Kenya has tightened up on her efforts i' prevent white South Africans r, from using ports and airports in Kenya in transit to Europe and Asia, British authorities in the Republic have been prohibited from issuing visas to South Africans who wish to use Kenya's ports and airports. All transit visas must now be referred direct to Nairobi. I Other African States are expected to follow Kenya's lead and often anplications for visas are delayed for us long as six months, A spokesman for a large South African travel agency said: " ThIs action is disastrous, Our bookings with airlines which use Nairobi as a stoppingover point have dwindled to virtuallyai nil." II