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A Preliminary Study of the Upper Silurian Nautiloid Cephalopods from the Eggenfeld Section (Graz Paleozoic, Austria)

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A Preliminary Study of the Upper Silurian Nautiloid Cephalopods from the Eggenfeld Section (Graz Paleozoic, Austria) Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 49 (1), 2010, 65-74. Modena, 15 maggio 201065 A preliminary study of the upper Silurian nautiloid cephalopods from the Eggenfeld section (Graz Paleozoic, Austria) Kathleen HISTON, Bernhard HUBMANN & Fritz MESSNER K. Histon, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo S. Eufemia 19, 41121 Modena (Italy); [email protected], [email protected] B. Hubmann, Institute for Earth Sciences (Geology & Palaeontology), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, A-8010 Graz (Austria); [email protected] F. Messner, Auenbruggergasse 8, A-8073 Feldkirchen bei Graz (Austria); [email protected] KEY WORDS - Nautiloid cephalopods, upper Silurian, Austria, paleobiogeography, biostratigraphy. ABSTRACT - The preliminary results of a systematic investigation of the nautiloid faunas from the upper Silurian (Pridoli) Eggenfeld section of the Graz Paleozoic are presented. A faunal list of the seven genera recognized to date, representing the families Oonoceratidae and Lechritrochoceratidae and subfamilies Michelinoceratinae, Kionoceratinae, Leurocycloceratinae is given and selected taxa illustrated. These genera document faunal exchange between the Graz Paleozoic, central Bohemia, the Carnic Alps, Sardinia, France (Montagne Noire), Spain (the Ossa Morena Zone) and Morocco during the late Silurian. The study adds a further contribution to the ongoing systematic description by diverse research groups of Silurian nautiloid cephalopods from the North Gondwana sector within a well defined biostratigraphic framework in order to elaborate their use as a tool for biostratigraphic correlation and paleobiogeographic reconstructions. RIASSUNTO - [Studio preliminare dei cefalopodi nautiloidi del Siluriano superiore (Pridoli) della sezione di Eggenfeld (Paleozoico di Graz, Austria)] - Sono presentati i risultati preliminari di uno studio sistematico delle faune a nautiloidi del Siluriano superiore (Pridoli) provenienti dalla sezione di Eggenfeld nel Paleozoico di Graz. Il Paleozoico di Graz si trova nell’Austria orientale, ha un estensione geografica di circa 1250 km2 ed è suddiviso in tre gruppi di falde sulla base delle litologie, della posizione tettonica e della sovrapposizione metamorfica delle successioni: un gruppo basale, uno intermedio e uno superiore. Le faune a nautiloidi provengono dal gruppo di falde superiore - “Rannach- Hochlantsch Nappe” - di età compresa tra il Siluriano superiore e il Carbonifero Superiore. Le sequenze stratigrafiche indicano una varietà di ambienti di deposizione da un margine continentale passivo con vulcanismo intra-placca a sedimenti tipici di scogliere e piattaforme marine durante il Siluriano e Devoniano. La sezione di Eggenfeld fa parte dell’Eggenfeld Member della Kötschberg Fm. (Ludfordiano-Lochkoviano). I livelli K1, K2 and K3 sono dolomie grigio scure o dolomie localmente ricche di fossili. Le faune a conodonti indicano un’età compresa tra la biozona a P. siluricus (Ludlow superiore) e la biozona a I. woschmidti (Lochkoviano). Nonostante la fauna a nautiloidi presente sia risultata piuttosto ricca, questo lavoro rappresenta il primo studio sistematico effettuato nel Paleozoico di Graz. Viene presentato un primo elenco di sette generi appartenenti alle famiglie Oonoceratidae e Lechritrochoceratidae e alle sottofamiglie Michelinoceratinae, Kionoceratinae, Leurocycloceratinae. Vengono figurate sette specie, lasciate in nomenclatura aperta, appartenenti ai generi Michelinoceras Foreste, 1932, Merocycloceras Ristedt, 1968, Plagiostomoceras Teichert & Glenister, 1952, Parakionoceras Foerste, 1928, Orthocycloceras Barskov, 1972, Oonoceras Hyatt, 1884, e Lechritrochoceras Foreste, 1926. La segnalazione di questi generi nel Paleozoico di Graz, presenti anche in Boemia centrale, Alpi Carniche, Sardegna, Francia (Montagna Nera), Spagna (Ossa Morena) e Marocco (Tafilalt, Anti-Atlas) documenta l’interscambio faunistico dei nautiloidi durante il tardo Siluriano. Lo studio fornisce inoltre dati importanti per le descrizioni tassonomiche in fase di elaborazione da parte di diversi gruppi di ricerca sulle faune a nautiloidi raccolte in biozone (a conodonti e graptoliti) ben stabilite del Siluriano per tutta la fascia settentrionale del Nord Gondwana, con lo scopo di evidenziare la loro distribuzione paleobiogeografica e di scoprire la possibilità di applicare i dati ricavati, sia per le ricostruzioni paleobiogeografiche sia per le correlazioni biostratigrafiche. INTRODUCTION Prague Basin (Marek, 1971; Kolebaba, 1975, 1977, 1999, 2002; Turek, 1975; Marek & Turek, 1986; Manda, In recent years there has been an increase in 1996, 2008; Gnoli, 1997; Stridsberg & Turek, 1997; systematic studies of Silurian nautiloid cephalopods from Manda & Kriz, 2006, 2007; Manda & Turek, 2009a, a variety of geographical settings and the observed 2009b, 2009c), South West Sardinia (Gnoli & Serpagli, temporal and spatial data from these faunas may now be 1977, 1991; Serpagli & Gnoli, 1977; Gnoli, 1990; Gnoli considered a reliable tool for paleobiogeographic & Serventi, 2006, 2009 and references therein), Spain reconstruction and tracing of migrational pathways of (Bogolepova, 1998b), France (Ristedt, 1968; Serventi & pelagic organisms. Concentrated efforts have been made Feist, 2009) and the Carnic Alps (Ristedt, 1968; Histon, to improve the knowledge of the distribution and 1997, 1998, 1999a, 1999b, 2002; Bogolepova, 1998a; taxonomy of Silurian nautiloid cephalopod faunas and Gnoli & Histon, 1998; Gnoli et al., 2000; Serventi & many existing collections have been revised using up to Gnoli, 2001; Serventi et al., 2006, 2010; Gnoli & date taxonomic criteria as well as collection of new Serventi, 2008). Tentative correlations are now possible material from horizons with precise biostratigraphic data. between Avalonia (British faunas) and North Gondwana In Europe the main work has been done in the British Isles (Carnic Alps, Sardinia, France and Spain) and Bohemia (Evans, 1994; Evans & Holland, 1995; Holland, 1998, and Baltica, although problems still exist in recognition 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007; of faunas at both generic and specific level due to poor Holland & Stridsberg, 2004), Sweden (Stridsberg, 1985), preservation and lack of precise taxonomic diagnoses. ISSN 0375-7633 06 Hi t t l P65 65 09/06/10 13 38 66 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 49 (1), 2010 Fig. 1 - Location map of the Graz Paleozoic and other remnants of Paleozoic strata in Austria (Greywacke Zone, South Burgenland, Gurktal Nappe, Nötsch, the Carnic Alps, the Karawanken Mountains). The Periadriatic Line separates the Carnic Alps and the Karawanken Mountains (Southern Alps) from the Eastern Alps. Detailed study of Silurian-Devonian nautiloid faunas from Fig. 2 - Simplified sketch of the Graz Paleozoic. Shaded patches correspond with outcropping area of the Rannach Nappe (Upper Morocco (Kröger, 2008) presented together with precise Nappe Group). Eggenfeld locality marked with arrow. stratigraphic and lithofacies data for the collection localities has highlighted further that correlation is feasible between the Peri-Gondwana Terranes and that nautiloid cephalopods are reliable paleobiogeographic indicators. This is the first detailed systematic study of the - The Basal Nappe System (“Schöckl-Hochschlag Nappe”; nautiloid fauna from the upper Silurian sections of the upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) was deformed under Graz Paleozoic area to be carried out even though upper greenschist facies conditions. Volcaniclastics nautiloids are to be found in abundance there (Ebner, dominate the late Silurian to Early Devonian interval, 1976a; Hiden, 1995). It is hoped that the results of the and carbonates the Middle Devonian time span. systematic investigation in progress will be of importance - The Intermediate Nappe System (“Laufnitzdorf Nappe for placing the nautiloid faunas from the Graz Silurian and Kalkschiefer Nappes”; lower Silurian to Upper within a global scenario both with regard to the Devonian) contains pelagic limestones, shales, implications from the faunal assemblage present for volcaniclastics as well as siliciclastics. paleobiographical reconstruction and patterns of faunal - The Upper Nappe System (“Rannach-Hochlantsch exchange along the North Gondwana margin but also with Nappe”; upper Silurian to Upper Carboniferous) is regard to their paleoecological and paleoenvironmental characterised by Lower to Middle Devonian settings which in some ways are similar to those in some volcaniclastic rocks, Lower to Middle Devonian areas of the Prague Basin (Manda & Kriz, 2006). siliciclastics and fossil-rich carbonates of near-shore environment followed by the pelagic sequences of late Givetian to Bashkirian age with shallow marine GEOLOGICAL SETTING sediments at the top. The stratigraphic sequence indicates a sedimentation The Graz Paleozoic located in eastern Austria (Fig. area changing from a passive continental margin with 1) extends over approximately 1250 km2 and is isolated intraplate volcanism to shelf and platform geometries from other low metamorphic Paleozoic occurrences by during Silurian to Devonian time (Fritz et al., 1992). tectonic borders to the north, east and west as well as by During Pragian to Givetian time deposition changed from its younger overlays in the south (Fig. 2). The near-shore facies to open platform environments, during northwestern and western parts of the Graz Paleozoic are the Frasnian
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