Rural Immersion Institute of the North (RIIN)

2019 Student Handbook 2 3 Chapter 1: About RIIN and AHEC Recommended Sources

What is RIIN? What is AHEC? Works Cited Outline of the RIIN Schedule Application and Registration Process Dates and Deadlines Costs Chapter 2: About Alaska

Geography Sidebar: Phone Service Weather Wildlife Sidebar: Phone Service Sidebar: Bear Safety Native Cultures Healthcare Rural Sites: Quick Comparison Chart Rural Sites: Factsheets Chapter 3: Packing

Packing Advice Checklist Sidebar: Dress Codes Airline Baggage Rules Chapter 4: General Advice

Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana Host Families Advice from Past RIIN Students Contact Information 4 5 Chapter 1: About RIIN and AHEC What is AHEC? The Area Health Education Centers (AHEC) are federally-funded, state-administered offices that work on improving What is RIIN? healthcare services across their respective states. Every state and most territories have at least one AHEC. Alaska’s AHEC program office is located in Anchorage. There are also regional AHEC offices in Anchorage, Barrow, Bethel, Dillingham, The Rural Immersion Institute of the North (RIIN) is a roughly three- Fairbanks and Juneau. The Alaska AHEC addresses its mission by working in the following areas: week program that brings pre-healthcare students to Alaska and introduces them to the realities of providing healthcare in the Last Frontier. It is open to • Engaging Alaskans into health careers to evolve the future health workforce all currently-enrolled or recently-graduated students in healthcare programs, • Training health professions students by supporting clinical rotations that occur in rural communities or with including both undergraduates and graduate students. underserved populations Students spend the first few days of the program in Anchorage and the • Retaining Alaska’s health workforce by increasing access to and providing CE/CME opportunities statewide. Southcentral area. They visit some of the urban healthcare facilities here and In addition to the RIIN program, Alaska’s AHEC runs healthcare-education camps for middle- and high-schoolers, learn about Alaska Native cultures, with a special emphasis on the challenges of assists practicing providers with continuing education, gathers data on the state of healthcare across Alaska, and meeting their health needs. The students also get a chance to spend some time in cooperates with schools and professional organizations to address issues related to training, recruitment and turnover. the outdoors and see what Alaskan weather and geography are like. Alaska The middle ten days of the program2-D igareit C ospentde job-shadowing2014 Census Are ain a rural Northern Region RURAL clinic or hospital. Virtually all rural healthcare31 facilitiesNorth offer Slope Bprimaryorough care. Northwest AHEC (Utqiaġvik)

OF THE NO 33 Northwest Arctic Borough TUTE RTH STI · JU IN LY Some also offer dental or behavioral health services. We do our best to N 1 O 2 SI -A R U 34 Nome Census Area E G M U M S I T L 2 A , Interior Region 2 send students to a rural community that matches their interests and offers R 0 U 1 R 7 accommodations or attractions they like. 41 Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area IMMERSION INSTITUTE 44 Fairbanks North Star Borough

A N 46 Southeast Fairbanks Census Area K C I H V O Ġ R IA A Q After their rural visit the students return to Anchorage for a few days of G T E U · · B A 47 Denali Borough E T N H T O EL LD · D I SO LL · IN IA GH OV A LD Southwest Region M SE North Slope · H · further exploration and review. At the end of the RIIN program the students O G MER SBUR 20 · KETCHIKAN · PETER 17 Interior AHEC present their experiences in the form of a digital50 story,Dill iwhichngham Cise nrecordedsus Area and OF THE NORTH 51 Kusilvak Census Area (formerly Wade Hampton) (Fairbanks) made available to the public. 52 Bethel Census Area 55 Bristol Bay Borough 57 Aleutians East Borough Northwest Contact Hours/Professional Experience58 Aleutians West Census Area 59 Lake and Peninsula Borough Arctic Many students ask if they can countAncho rtheirage R ejob-shadowinggion hours towards the Fairbanks 61 Matnuska Susitna Borough North Star requirements for their degree. The answer6 2is: maybe.Municipality of Anchorage Yukon-Koyukuk Gulf Coast Region Nome The RIIN staff don’t supervise your job-shadowing71 Kenai Pdirectly,eninsul a Borough South Central AHEC so we can’t provide any documentation of 7your3 activitiesKodia kor Is land Borough Southeast 75 Valdez-Cordova Census Area (Anchorage) training. The professional staff at your job79 site mayY abeku twillingat Boro ugh Denali Fairbanks Southeast Region Yukon-Kuskokwim to sign off on your hours, but that’s between you and them. 85 Haines BoroughAHEC (Bethel) If you plan on asking for a signature, be sure86 to bringJu thenea u Borough Kusilvak Matanuska- 87 Sitka Borough necessary forms with you when you go out8 8to your ruralPeter ssite.burg Borough Susitna Valdez- Skagway 90 Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area Bethel Cordova Haines If you need a letter confirming your attendance95 Koret chikan Gateway Borough recommending you for future study, we will96 be happySk toag way Borough Juneau 97 Wrangell Borough Kenai provide you with one. 98 Hoonah-Angoon Census Area Yakutat Petersburg Dillingham Peninsula 99 Outside AlaskSouthwesta AHEC (Dillingham) Anchorage Hoonah- Wrangell 20 Marine Angoon 00 Received wages but did not work Bristol Bay Alaska Program Sitka Lake & Office (Anchorage) Peninsula Kodiak Island Prince of Wales- Hyder Ketchikan Southeast AHEC (Juneau) Gateway

Aleutians East

Aleutians West 6 7 Outline of the RIIN Schedule Application and Registration Process

This is a rough day-by-day outline of the 2017 RIIN program. The details and schedules change considerably from 1. Fill out the application form online at bit.ly/2019RIINApplication. year to year, but this will give you a general idea of how the program works. 2. Wait to hear from us. We will contact all applicants by Dec. 1, 2018. 3. If you are accepted into the program, we will send you a link to the Coursesites website, where you can upload your registration forms. Day 1 All day Students arrived in Anchorage. Welcome dinner in the UAA cafeteria. 4. Get your vaccinations and background check started early! These Day 2 Morning Orientation. RIIN folders handed out. processes can take months, so don’t waste time. Afternoon Panel discussion on Alaskan culture and healthcare at 5. Once the list of available rural sites has been finalized, we will call you for a Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC). phone interview. This interview is to determine your interests, expertise and comfort zone, which will help us match you with a site. Evening Optional driving tour of Anchorage. Anchorage Day 3 Morning Visited the Alaska Native Heritage Center. 6. Be sure to pay your deposit and tuition on time! Afternoon Tour of the telehealth facility at ANTHC. 7. Once your paperwork is complete and we have assigned you to a site, we will pass along your information to the regional AHEC office closest to where Day 4 Morning Left for Seward. you’re going. That office will contact you to work out arrangements for Afternoon Picnic lunch at Bird Point. Visited the Alaska Wildlife accommodations and job-shadowing. Conservation Center (AWCC). 8. As we get closer to the start of the program, we will be in contact with you Evening Arrived in Seward. Set up tents and moved into to work out details of travel and logistics. bungalows. Pizza for dinner. Day 5 All day Kenai Fjords cruise through Resurrection Bay and up Dates and Deadlines for RIIN 2019 to Aialik Glacier. Seward Day 6 All day Free day. Some students hiked the Harding Icefield 2018 trail. Others hiked the easier Exit Glacier trail and then visited the Sealife Center. Sept. 4: Applications open for 2019 program. Apply online at Day 7 All day Departed Seward. Lunch at Summit Lake Lodge. Brief bit.ly/2019RIINApplication. stop in Whittier. Check-in at airport hotel. Oct. 31: Deadline for priority consideration. Applications are still accepted after Days 8-17 All day Students at their rural sites. this date, but applicants are added to the waitlist in the order received. Dec. 1: Applicants notified of acceptance. sites Rural Rural Dec. 31: Deposit due.

Day 18 Morning Toured the UAA Health Sciences cadaver lab. 2019 Afternoon Project worktime in the UAA library. Day 19 All day Project worktime/free day. Jan. 31: All required forms due. Evening Dinner cooked and hosted by RIIN students. Feb. 28: First tuition installment due. Day 20 All day Job shadow in Anchorage. Apr. 30: Second tuition installment due. Jul. 10: RIIN program begins. Day 21 Morning Final opportunity to work on projects.

Anchorage Jul. 17-26: Students at rural sites. Afternoon Presentations. Hike up to Flattop Mountain. Jul. 31: RIIN program ends. Evening Dinner and karaoke hosted by a student’s family. Day 22 All day Students departed from Anchorage. 8 9 Costs Contact Information

This is a breakdown of the costs associated with the program. Gloria Burnett

907-786-6705 Application fee $20 [email protected] Tuition Alaska residents $2,500 Alaska’s AHEC Website Out-of-state residents $3,500 bit.ly/AKAHEC Background check processing Varies, but usually about $35 and fingerprinting Vaccinations Varies, depending on which shots you need and where you get them Airfare between Anchorage $500-$2,000 and home TOTAL $3,000-5,500

Your tuition covers food and accommodations for the entire length of the RIIN program, transportation within Alaska and all fees or materials required for program activities. Scholarships are available. To apply for need-based aid, fill out the last section of the RIIN application. The amounts awarded will vary by student need and the number of students receiving aid. Your RIIN Folder

When you arrive in Anchorage you will be given a folder containing all of the following: • All information from you, including vaccination records and background check clearance • A schedule of the program • Contact information for all relevant people • Maps and tourist information • A bus map of Anchorage, with 20-ride bus pass attached • Tickets to and from your rural site • A factsheet about your rural site 10 11 South of the Brooks Range and north of the coastal ranges much of the Chapter 2: About Alaska Phone Service state is covered by a subarctic climate. Alaskans call this region “the interior.” Temperature variations are extreme, ranging from the 90s in summer to -50 in Geography Your phone will probably work winter. The temperature can rise and fall very fast just in the course of a day. in Anchorage, which is served (If you’re going to one of the communities in this area, pack a wide variety of The first thing to know about Alaska is that it’s gigantic. It includes 18% by most major U.S. carriers. The clothes and dress in layers!) Communities near the Bering Sea (like Bethel and of the U.S.A.’s land area and is larger than all but 16 countries. Barrow is a more tourist-friendly rural sites, Dillingham) can get a lot of precipitation, but the climate is drier the farther east thousand miles north of Ketchikan. The distance from Southeast Alaska to Attu like Ketchikan and Soldotna, also you travel. Island is roughly the same as from Jacksonville to San Francisco. have multiple carriers. The vast The areas facing the Gulf of Alaska, including all of Southeast Alaska and majority of Alaska is served only Superimposed on this landscape is a population smaller than that of any the Aleutian Islands, have an oceanic climate. Summer weather is extremely by GCI. state but Vermont and Wyoming. Alaska has about 750,000 people, slightly wet, with little variation in temperature. The weather in Ketchikan or Petersburg fewer than Charlotte, N.C. As of July 2017 GCI does not sell is a lot like the weather in Seattle, though somewhat cooler. The Aleutians disposable phones but you can buy are exposed to strong winds but most islands in the Southeast are relatively a plan for one month and then sheltered. cancel it. The cost is in the $50 In case you were wondering, Anchorage technically falls into the subarctic range. zone, but its weather is so heavily moderated by the ocean that most of the All rural sites have landline phone temperature extremes are smoothed out. Summers here are often overcast and service and you can borrow a usually cool to warm. See the Anchorage factsheet for more information. phone in emergencies. See the factsheets at the end of this Wildlife chapter for information about Alaska is home to a staggering range of wildlife; there are 471 species of specific rural sites. birds alone. The Department of Fish and Game offers partiala list of the most common species found throughout the state. Tourists come here every year for Bear Safety wildlife viewing, and most go home safely, but it’s important to treat some of these animals with caution. There is a lot of conflicting advice There are no dangerous snakes or spiders in Alaska. No mountain lions, about how to stay safe in bear either-the only cat species native to the state is the lynx, which mainly eats country, but here are a few rules rabbits. Ticks have recently moved into the southeast, and mosquitoes are nearly everyone can agree on. everywhere. Moose and elk can be dangerous if disturbed but will ignore you if • Don’t keep food or garbage in you leave them alone. or near your campground. Bears are found in all parts of Alaska, including the Anchorage metro area. • Travel in a group and make The state offerssome advice on staying safe, and we will go over bear safety as lots of noise. Bears will usually part of the RIIN program, including a demonstration of how to use bear spray. flee from human sounds, as (Note that bear spray is considered a weapon and cannot be carried on a plane. long as they’re not caught by If you want to carry bear spray at your rural site, you will have to acquire it surprise. Image courtesy of U.S. Marshals there.) Service Weather • If you do surprise a bear, don’t Don’t let a fear of wildlife keep you indoors. Past RIIN students have come run. Raise your arms above You’ve probably heard that Alaska is cold. That’s true in winter, but in across black bears, moose, marmots, bald eagles, sea lions, gray whales, orcas your head to make yourself summer Alaska can get surprisingly hot. The highest temperature ever recorded and a wide variety of fish and birds, not to mention plants ranging from edible look larger. You don’t want in the state is 100° F, in Fort Yukon (which hosted two RIIN students in 2016!). to toxic. Be adventurous! You’re in Alaska-you should make the most of it. to threaten the bear, but you The weather varies a lot from place to place, and the factsheets at the end of this want to look capable of it. chapter will give you more detail about specific rural sites. As a general rule, Back away slowly, without Alaskan weather falls into three broad categories. taking your eyes off the bear. The Arctic climate is found only north of the Brooks Range, which in • If the bear charges, stand turn is slightly north of the Arctic Circle. Temperatures in summer rise above your ground. Most charges freezing, but only just barely, and snow can arrive at any time. This part of are bluffs. If the bear is close Alaska is treeless and fairly flat, with lots of room for wind to build up speed. enough, use your bear spray. 12 13 change the Indigenous cultures. Modern-day Anchorage has over 100 languages spoken within the school district, making it one of the most diverse cities in North America.

Now for some massive overgeneralizations...

It is impossible to describe even a single culture in complete detail, let alone the wide variety found in this state. We will give you a sweeping overview of the largest groups found here, but remember that this picture will be inaccurate in many ways. If you want to avoid giving offense, don’t assume you know how a given society operates-ask, and most people will be happy to tell you about their culture. Except for the Yup’ik, most Alaska Native cultures follow a matrilineal system of inheritance, meaning that a child’s position in society derives from its mother’s status. There are three major language groups: Inuit-Yupik around the northern and western coasts, Tlingit in the southeast, and the Athabaskan languages across the middle. Unless otherwise noted, the information that follows comes from The Native People of Alaska: Traditional Living in a Northern Land, by Steve J. Langdon, published in 2002.

Southeast Peoples (Haida, Tlingit)

The Haida and Tlingit are similar in culture if not in language. The Tlingit have lived in southeast Alaska for at least 2,000 years, while the Haida moved northward from the Queen Charlotte Islands around the sixteenth century. Both cultures are famous for their woodworking, particularly their elaborate totem poles, which are an iconic feature of the region. They were more permanently settled than other indigenous groups, with villages located close to fishing spots (salmon was by far the most important ingredient in their diet). Architecture Map courtesy of Michael Krauss and Native Cultures included large longhouses, home to 20 or 30 people each. The social structure the Alaska Native Language Center Alaska is home to a wide variety of cultures-the Native tribes are an was elaborate and more stratified than found in other parts of the state, with extremely diverse group and over the past century the state has attracted clearly defined clans and social classes. Warfare was common (in fact, the Haida immigrants from every inhabited continent. This map shows the Indigenous have been compared to Vikings). (Native) languages found across the state. You can see a couple of key factors Both groups were maritime traders, with extensive commercial ties up and that influence culture: 1) Over 20 traditional Indigenous languages are spoken down the west coast; they fought the Russians to a standstill by using weapons and 2) there is tremendous distance between Indigenous groups. obtained from the Americans and British. They resisted Western encroachment Southeast Alaska is mountainous and more successfully than many other Native groups, but smallpox and repeated covered in temperate rainforest. What is culture? gold rushes whittled them down, and by the end of the 19th century their territory was firmly under the control of the U.S. and Canadian governments. Culture is a way of doing, thinking, speaking, believing, child rearing, Modern Tlingit culture is a hybrid of traditional and foreign elements, medical practices, eating habits, rituals, educating, caring for the elderly, particularly Orthodox Christianity. relationships, well-being-and on and on. Athabaskan culture is very different from Inupiat culture, which is different again from the Yup’ik, the Tlingit, the Southwest Peoples (Unangax, Alutiiq/Sugpiaq, Eyak) Alutiiq or any of the dozens of other Indigenous tribes scattered across Alaska. Alaska is home to many cultures beyond the Indigenous peoples. The The Unangax (or Aleut) settled along the string of the Aleutian Islands Russians who came in the 1800’s left distinct impressions on the Aleutians and about 10,000 years ago. Traditional Aleut life had been based around harvesting the Gulf of Alaska. The Gold Rush prospectors came from all over and brought marine resources, particularly sea lions and whales. The Aleuts were noted their cultures with them. The various missionary groups that came to assimilate kayakers and occasionally made long journeys along the mainland coast of the Indigenous people each brought their view of correct culture and sought to Alaska. Traditional houses were semi-subterranean, providing a home for a 14 15 woman along with her brothers and their wives. Children would stay with their Russian traders reached the interior in 1840s, dramatically altering trade mothers during infancy, then with their uncles during later childhood and patterns and introducing smallpox, which destroyed entire communities. The adolescence. Very little remains of their original culture-Russian contact in the largest surviving Alaskan group is the Koyukon, with about 2,300 members; 1700s wiped out 80% of the population. The survivors were herded together in there are about 9,000 Gwich’in, but most of them live in Canada. Other groups Russian-controlled settlements and forcibly converted to Orthodox Christianity. range from several hundred down to a few dozen. The Holikachuk language Roughly 15,000 Aleuts still live in the archipelago today. went extinct in 2012. The Alutiiq (or Sugpiaq) live along the Alaska Peninsula and the Gulf coast West Coast and Bering Sea Peoples (Central Yup’ik, Siberian Yupik, The landscape around Dillingham is as far east as Prince William Sound. Like the Aleuts, their culture relied upon Naukan Yupik, Sirenik) low hills and mostly treeless, but the the sea for sustenance, but their language is more closely related to Central mountains are not far away. Yup’ik. Their diet included the same sea mammals found farther west but also The Yupik (or Yupiit) are not a single culture but rather a group of related expanded to include riverine resources. Beginning about 2,000 years ago forests cultures that share a single linguistic family. The inhabitants of the Bering began spreading across the region and woodworking took on a larger role in Sea islands focused heavily on marine-mammal hunting, while those living the culture. Houses were wood-framed subterranean dwellings covered with along the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers ate a more diverse diet that included sod. The social organization was elaborate and somewhat stratified. Warfare salmon and moose. Areas away from rivers were thinly settled. A typical village The Kuskokwim River Delta is flat and was relatively common but also short-term. The Alutiiq, having witnessed included a single large house that sheltered the adult men while women and extremely swampy, much like southern the experience of the Aleut, fought off the Russians until 1784, when Grigory children lived in smaller, independent households around it. Social organization Louisiana. Shelikhov landed in force on Kodiak Island. What followed is the usual tale of varied considerably: some groups were patrilineal, others matrilineal. There exploitation and cultural destruction, though the Alutiiq began reconstructing was considerable social stratification on Saint Lawrence Island but less on the some of their ancestral traditions in the 1980s. There are roughly 4,000 Alutiiq mainland. By far the largest group lived in the river deltas, where they may have living today. numbered as many as 13,000 prior to European contact. Europeans arrived in The Eyak were a small tribe to the east of Anchorage, based around the the mid-1800s but found no resources of interest; for that reason Yupik culture Copper River. Their culture relied on salmon fishing for sustenance. Over the has survived to a greater degree than anywhere else in Alaska. course of centuries they intermarried with the Tlingit, gradually losing their distinct identity. The last full-blooded Eyak (who was also the last native speaker Northern Peoples (Inupiat) of the language) died in 2008. A little over 100 partial Eyak descendants still live The Inupiat settled along the northernmost edge of the continent, in an area in the area, mainly in the town of Cordova. with no trees and very long winters. There are significant differences between Some Athabaskan groups built log the coastal Inupiat (sometimes called Tareumiut), who mainly lived in year- cabins. Photo taken at Alaska Native Interior and Southcentral Peoples (Koyukon, Tanana, Upper round settlements close to sources of marine foods, and the interior Inupiat Heritage Center. Tanana, Tanacross, Gwich’in, Han, Upper Kuskokwim, Holikachuk, Deg Hit’an, Dena’ina, Ahtna) (the Nunamiut) who were more nomadic. Depending on the location, Inupiat could eat anything from whales to caribou, along with a variety of fish. A typical The Interior Peoples belong to a much larger group called the Athabaskans Inupiat house was dome-shaped, framed with whalebones or driftwood and (or Dene). This is a linguistic distinction rather than a cultural one-Dene covered with sod. (Igloos were built only in emergencies.) As with the Yupik, languages are found all through northwestern Canada and as far south as communities were built around a single men’s house which hosted community Mexico (Navajo and Apache also belong to the same linguistic family). The 11 events. Kinship ties were extremely important and conflict between unrelated tribes living in Alaska are sometimes divided into three groups: Riverine (Deg groups could be bloody. Europeans did not reach the Arctic coast until the latter Hit’an, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Tanana and Tanacross), Upland (Gwich’in, Han, half of the 1800s. Epidemics decimated the Inupiat in the 1870s and 1880s, but Upper Tanana and Upper Kuskokwim) and Pacific (Ahtna and Dena’ina). All thereafter they were largely left alone until the late 20th century. these groups gathered wild plants and hunted moose and caribou, and the groups with access to rivers or the sea also caught salmon. Given the diversity of landscapes and climates, Athabaskan architecture Inupiat sports are designed for indoor varied considerably-some groups lived in tents, some in plank houses, and exercise during long, cold winters. some in semi-subterranean dwellings. The Deg Hit’an, Dena’ina and Lower Photo taken at Alaska Native Heritage Ahtna tended to be more sedentary, with fixed winter villages and small Center. roaming territories; the Koyukon, Tanana and Upper Ahtna had smaller villages and larger hunting ranges; the Gwich’in and Upper Tanana moved regularly and had no fixed abodes at all. All tribes were matrilineal, but belief systems varied from place to place and tended to reflect the influence of close neighbors. Trade bound together the entire region and warfare tore it apart-the Koyukon, Gwich’in and Dena’ina in particular had a reputation as warriors. 16 17 Healthcare

In many ways healthcare in Alaska is similar to healthcare in the rest of the U.S. The same drugs are available, the same basic treatments are practiced, and the health conditions you encounter are generally similar. Still, the state has some unique features: • Huge distances: Most parts of the state are not served by roads, so severely- injured patients must be moved by air. Treatments are often delayed by distance and weather. The worst injuries (requiring treatment beyond the capabilities of a Level II trauma center) must be flown to Seattle. • Lots of accidents: Alaskans are famously outdoor people, and lots of injuries go along with being in the wilderness. Expect to see a lot of broken limbs, head injuries, gunshot wounds, fishhooks, drownings, animal attacks, heatstroke, frostbite, etc. • High rates of diabetes: Diabetes is a problem across the country but it’s particularly acute here. Alaska Natives are descended from generations of people who had to make the most of every available calorie. With the recent arrival of massive quantities of sugar, Natives suffer from high rates of obesity and attendant health problems. Obesity is a problem for nearly all Alaskans, regardless of their genetic background, because we tend to be sedentary through our long, cold winters. One RIIN student went to Cordova in • High rates of alcoholism: Alcohol abuse is a major problem in Alaska, and 2016. many Native communities ban it for that reason. Alaska has high rates of domestic violence, much of it fueled by drinking. • Mental health complications: Alaska has the highest suicide rate in the United States. There are ongoing debates about why, but contributing factors include long, dark winters; massive cultural dislocation in Native communities; widespread poverty and easy access to weapons.

On the other hand:

• The Last Frontier is too cold for many dangerous animals found in the Lower 48. There are no dangerous snakes or spiders, no mountain lions, no alligators, no fire ants, and very few lawyers. • Alaska has fewer traffic fatalities than any other state. Adjusted for population, its per-capita rate (7.84 per 100,000) is lower than all but nine other states. • Alaska has the fourth-lowest rate of cancer among the 50 states (425 per 100,000). 18 19 Quick Comparisons Chart

This chart gives you a quick overview of the sites participating in the program. (Note that not all sites will participate in any given year.) Our ultrascientific scoring system ranks the sites according to how rural they are. More detailed information is on the factsheets that follow. Scoring: 1 point per 1,000 population; 1 point per radio or TV station, up to 10; 1 point for road, 2 for highway; 2 points per YES, 1 point per LIMITED, 0 points per NO. Petersburg Dillingham Fort YukonFort Anchorage Ketchikan Fairbanks Talkeetna Kotzebue Unalaska Soldotna Wrangell Skagway Junction Seldovia Cordova Copper Copper Tanana Juneau Barrow Galena Kodiak Homer Haines Valdez Center Bethel Nome Delta Craig Sitka Tok

Rural Score 343 23 29 10 24 17 16 20 145 7 15 21 32 74 32 27 20 29 19 18 42 23 49 13 13 17 23 26 22

Population 298,695 4,384 6,450 405 2,196 1,201 958 2,404 100,605 570 467 1,713 5,003 32,468 8,197 6,130 3,201 3,598 3,177 255 8,881 920 4,544 772 246 1,258 4,376 3,976 2,369

Radio 10 2 3 0 3 2 1 2 10 0 2 1 5 10 4 1 1 4 1 2 10 2 10 1 1 2 3 3 3 Stations

TV Stations 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Road Access HWY NO NO HWY NO NO HWY NO HWY NO NO HWY HWY NO NO NO NO RD NO NO NO HWY HWY RD NO HWY NO HWY NO

Electricity YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

Water YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

Cell Service YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO LIM. YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES LIM. YES YES YES YES

Internet YES LIM. LIM. YES YES YES YES YES YES NO LIM. YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES LIM. YES YES YES YES

Library YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES

Theater YES NO YES NO LIM. NO NO NO YES NO LIM. NO YES YES YES YES NO YES LIM. NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO LIM. LIM.

Gym YES YES YES NO YES YES NO NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES YES YES

Transit YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES NO NO NO NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO

Taxis YES YES YES NO YES NO NO YES YES NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO YES YES YES

Hospital YES YES YES NO YES NO NO YES YES NO NO NO YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO

Clinic YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES 20 Factsheet: Anchorage, AK Factsheet: Utqiaġvik (Barrow), AK 21

Fast Facts Location Location Fast Facts

Population: 298,695 (2015); N end of Cook Inlet, facing the Gulf of Alaska, 260 miles SSW of Arctic Ocean coast, 720 miles N of Anchorage, 320 miles N of the Arctic Population: 4,384 (2015); 64% 65% white, 10% Asian, 8% Fairbanks, 580 miles WNW of Juneau, 1,500 miles NW of Seattle. Circle. Barrow is the northernmost community in the United States. Alaska Native (Iñupiat) American Indian or Alaska Major industries: Government, Native, 8% two or more races Description Description healthcare, education, Major industries: Government, Anchorage is home to 40% of Alaska’s population and is the state’s largest Barrow is a regional center for government and healthcare services and subsistence hunting and fishing finance, retail, services, center for transportation, services, retail and government. The city is served provides education for the surrounding area up to the community-college Median household income: $82,976 healthcare, education, by several highways, the Alaska Railroad and a major international airport. level. It has no road access to the rest of the state but is well-connected by Population in poverty: 12.3% transportation The Port of Anchorage handles 3.5 million tons of cargo each year. air. The population is roughly 2/3 Iñupiat, with a scattering of other races. Median household income: $78,121 Services are limited: there is a public library (Tuzzy Library), three grocery Population without health All the facilities of a typical American city are accessible in Anchorage. insurance: 30.7% Population in poverty: 8.3% Goods and services are cheaper here than anywhere else in the state, though stores and a number of restaurants (Brower’s, Northern Lights, Osaka’s, Sam prices are still usually higher than in the Lower 48. Most of the urban area is & Lee’s and East Coast Pizza are all recommended). The high school and High-school degree or higher: Population without health Ilisagvik College both have gyms. Taxis are available on call and through a 82.7% insurance: 16.3% reachable by bus, taxi or Uber. courtesy phone at the airport. Prices for most goods and services are very Electricity: Yes High-school degree or higher: Anchorage has four hospitals (including two with level II trauma centers) high. and a variety of private clinics. Most medical specialties are represented Piped water: Yes 92.5% Samuel Simmonds Memorial Hospital (SSMH) serves the entire North somewhere in the city. The University of Alaska Anchorage offers credentials Cell service: AT&T, GCI (2G Electricity: Yes Slope region. It provides all basic services: dentistry, ER (including a Level in nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, allied health, health sciences, network), Verizon Piped water: Yes social work, physician-assisting and medicine, among others. Alaska Pacific IV trauma center), eye care, a lab, medical imaging, pharmacy and physical therapy. The hospital hosts specialty clinics, bringing in experts from the Internet: GCI. Internet is available Cell service: AT&T, Consumer University offers degrees in counseling psychology and health services south to provide occasional extra services. SSMH runs its own air ambulance but very slow. Cellular, GCI, T-Mobile, administration. service. Verizon TV: None Internet: GCI Climate Radio: KBRW-AM (Local and Climate variety); KBRW-FM (public TV: Numerous stations The city’s weather is heavily moderated by the Pacific Ocean. Compared The overall climate in Barrow is cold, dry, and often very windy. Average radio) Radio: Numerous stations to the lower 48, summers are cool. July temperatures average between the low 50s and high 60s but the weather is extremely changeable and can vary from temperatures in July vary between the low 30s and high 40s, but extremes Sights: Point Barrow; Iñupiat Sights: Alaska Native Heritage place to place within the city. Summer days are often overcast, with passing can be much hotter or colder than the average. Snow can fall at any time of Heritage Center; Whalebone Center; Performing Arts showers. On July 1 Anchorage has 19 hours of daylight, falling to 17 hours on year. During July the town experiences continuous 24-hour daylight. Monument Center; Anchorage Museum; July 31. Events: Kivgiq (Messenger Feast) in Alaska Aviation Heritage Other Information January; Piuraagiaqta (Spring Museum; Oscar Anderson Other Information Festival) in April; Nalukataq House; Chugach Range Local laws permit the importation and possession of alcohol but forbid (Blanket Toss Celebration) in Events: Numerous Anchorage occupies a small, flat peninsula at the foot of the Chugach its sale. June; Independence Day on Range. Hiking trails wind all through the city and up into the mountains; Locals often travel via four-wheeler, snowmachine or boat. Be cautious July 4; Whaling in October; watch out for moose and bears and do not hike alone. The tidal range in about long-distance excursions, since the weather can change without Qitik (Eskimo Games) in Cook Inlet is 26 feet, the second-highest in North America, so do not walk warning. Watch out for polar bears. December out on tidal flats during low tide. 22 Factsheet: Bethel, AK Factsheet: Copper Center, AK 23

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Population: 6,450 (2015); 62% Kuskokwim River Delta, 400 miles W of Anchorage, 50 miles NE of the On the Copper River where it joins with Klutina River, along the Old Population: 328 (2010); 48% white, Alaska Native Bering Sea. Richardson Highway in Southcentral Alaska. 200 miles E of Anchorage, 260 41% Alaska Native miles S of Fairbanks. Major industries: Government, Major industries: Construction, healthcare, retail, subsistence Description accommodation & food Description hunting and fishing Bethel is the regional hub for the deltas of the Yukon and Kuskokwim services, retail Median household income: $78,190 rivers, providing services to about 50 rural villages. It is not connected to the Copper Center was initially settled as a stop for prospectors on their way Median household income: $43,125 Population in poverty: 12.3% road network but has transport access via the Kuskokwim River and a sizable to the Klondike and the Copper River basin. Since the creation of Wrangell- Population in poverty: 4.5% modern airport. The population is heavily Alaska Native (Yup’ik). Bethel St. Elias National Park and Preserve in 1980, Copper Center has served as Population without health has a variety of restaurants (MudHut, Baba’s, Dimitri’s, Sam’s, Chopstix, one of the gateways for visitors entering the massive national park. Population without health insurance: 17.5% insurance: 32.2% Connie’s and Brother’s Pizza are all recommended). There are grocery stores There are not many entertainment options in the town, though the High-school degree or higher: and laundromats (which only take quarters), as well as a movie theater, a Copper River Princess Wilderness Lodge has a restaurant and lounge, gift High-school degree or higher: 82% 90.2% gym and a public library with wi-fi. Taxis are readily available and there is a shop, and espresso bar. Prices are slightly higher than Anchorage. Electricity: Yes public bus. Prices are somewhat higher than in Anchorage. Electricity: Yes The nearest healthcare provider is Cross Road Medical Center, located Piped water: Yes The town has one general hospital (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Regional Piped water: Yes 15 miles north in Glenallen. It is an outpatient clinic, providing acute and Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Hospital) with an ER, pharmacy, physical therapy center, lab, x-ray facilities Cell service: GCI. Very limited chronic care as well as preventive health screening and education. For Cellular, GCI (2G), T-Mobile, and specialty clinics in dentistry, optometry and behavioral health. It has Verizon service is available in a advanced care, patients are transported to hospitals in Anchorage. Also in Verizon wards for pediatrics, obstetrics and adult surgery. The Qavartarvik Hostel the area is the Copper River Native Association, providing primary care, few spots. Internet: GCI provides temporary accommodation for patients from surrounding villages. behavioral health, and dental care to the region’s Native population. Internet: GCI. Internet is available TV: None but wi-fi is limited. Climate Climate Radio: None TV: KYUK-LD (Public television) Bethel is damp and windy, receiving a lot of precipitation from the Sights: Copper River Basin, Radio: KYUK (Public radio); Average temperatures in July range from mid 40s to low 70s, with rain Bering Sea. Average temperatures in July range between the high 40s and low every few days. Daylight lasts from around 4:30 AM until 11 PM. Wrangell-St. Elias National KYKD (Christian); KEDI 60s, with frequent fog and showers. In early July the town experiences 24- Park and Preserve (Local and variety) hour daylight, declining to 20-hour days by the end of the month. Other Information Events: None Sights: Alaska Territorial Guard Memorial; Yupiit Piciryarait Other Information The Copper River Basin is a beautiful area with many surrounding trails. Cultural Center Wrangell-St. Elias, the largest national park in the US, offers great views. Events: Kuskokwim 300 dogsled Since 2015 it has been legal to purchase alcohol within the town limits, In the summer there are guided fishing and rafting trips available on the race in January; Camai Festival but don’t bring any with you. various remote rivers. in March; Bethel Fair in The area around Bethel is flat and extremely wet, with thousands of lakes August; Saturday Market and ponds, so expect a lot of mosquitoes. Salmon migrate through the area in late summer and there may be wild berries. Watch out for bears. Many residents travel by boat, four-wheeler and snowmachine. 24 Factsheet: Cordova, AK Factsheet: Craig, AK 25

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Population: 2,196 (2015); 91% white Coast of Prince William Sound, 150 miles ESE of Anchorage, 45 miles W side of Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska, 720 miles SE of Population: 1,201 (2010); 67% SSE of Valdez. Anchorage, 220 miles S of Juneau, 120 miles W of the Canadian border. Major industries: Fishing White, 18% Alaska Native Median household income: $93,750 Major industries: Agriculture, Description Description forestry, fishing and hunting, Population in poverty: 2.4% Commercial fishing is Cordova’s only major industry; about half the Craig is the largest city on Prince of Wales Island and is accessible by retail, education Population without health households in town engage in some aspect of fish processing. The Copper Alaska Airlines flight or a ferry from any nearby port. It has a rich fishing Median household income: $63,229 insurance: 30.8% River Highway extends 50 miles east of the town but does not connect history and is home to multiple harbors as it’s located on the coast. Population in poverty: 16.8% High-school degree or higher: with any other road. Cordova is served by commercial and charter aircraft, Tourism is a big industry in Craig, and visitors will find a few 89.0% charter boat and ferry. Population without health restaurants, a general store, two banks, a library, and an outdoor outfitter. insurance: 26.1% Electricity: Yes The brand-new Cordova Center includes a wi-fi-equipped library, Free Wi-Fi is available at restaurants such as Papa’s Pizza and the Hill High-school degree or higher: Piped water: Yes performing arts venue, historical museum and community education Bar, and there is a public gym available for use. Prices are comparable to facilities. The town also has a gym and pool. Stores, restaurants and a variety Anchorage’s. 89.7% Cell service: GCI (2G network); of churches are available. Prices are somewhat higher than in Anchorage. Electricity: Yes Verizon PeaceHealth Medical Group is the only medical provider in Craig. The All medical services in Cordova are located at the Cordova Community clinic is staffed by a family physician, an acute care nurse practitioner, and Piped water: Yes Internet: GCI Medical Center, which contains 1. a primary care clinic, 2. an acute care a registered nurse. Visiting specialists in pediatrics, gynecology, cardiology, Cell service: AT&T, Consumer TV: None and emergency hospital with facilities for radiology, lab tests and physical psychiatry, and surgery come periodically. Cellular, GCI (talk and text), Radio: KLAM (classic rock/ therapy, 3. Sound Alternatives, which provides mental health and substance T-Mobile abuse counseling, and 4. a long-term care facility. country/talk); KCDV (mix); Climate Internet: GCI KCHU (public radio) Climate The island has a temperate rainforest climate with weather that varies TV: None Sights: Cordova Center; Cordova from day to day and shoreline to alpine. Summer temperatures range from Historical Museum; Ilanka Radio: KGTW (country); KRBD Cordova is located at the foot of the Chugach mountains, which trap high 40s to high 70s, with around 17 hours of daylight. (public radio) Cultural Center; glaciers and cool humid winds coming off the Pacific. As a result the town receives Sights: Tongass National Forest, El Events: Iceworm Festival in a huge amount of precipitation, averaging 125 rainy days each year. July Other Information February; Shorebird Festival in temperatures are fairly consistently in the 50s, with little variation. On July Capitan Cave, Various lakes May; Wild Salmon Festival in 1 Cordova experiences 19 hours of sunlight per day, dropping to 17 hours on Prince of Wales Island hosts a huge network of forests, trails, and and trails July July 31. mountains. There is an abundance of exploration opportunities, including Events: Memorial Day marathon, public use cabins, kayaking and canoeing, ATV excursions, salmon and 4th of July celebrations, Other Information halibut charters, bear and deer hunting, Alaska Native cultural tours, etc. Be Hydaburg Culture Camp in aware of the many black bears that live around Craig. July, Arts and seafood festival There is a 6% sales tax. in August, Salmon derby, The area around Cordova is wilderness, with excellent hiking and Harvest Festival in October kayaking opportunities. Practice good wilderness safety while out of town. 26 Factsheet: Delta Junction, AK Factsheet: Dillingham, AK 27

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Population: 934 (2016); 88% white Near the confluence of the Delta River and the Tanana River, 300 miles Merging of Wood and Nushagak rivers, just upstream from Bristol Bay, Population: 2,404 (2015); 72% N of Anchorage, 95 miles SE of Fairbanks, 200 miles S of the Arctic Circle. 330 miles WSW of Anchorage. Major industries: Government, Alaska Native healthcare & social assistance, Major industries: Fishing, tourism, retail Description Description subsistence hunting and fishing Median household income: $76,667 Delta Junction is located in the fertile Tanana River Valley and Dillingham’s culture is based around fishing and a subsistence lifestyle. Median household income: $68,333 Population in poverty: 11% surrounded by three spectacular mountain ranges. It is located along the The town was founded as a Russian trading post in 1818 and its population Population in poverty: 12.1% Alaska Highway and is home to Ft. Greely and the Pogo Gold Mine. is now racially mixed. The city has no road connection to the rest of the Population without health state, but its airport has regular flights to local communities and year-round Population without health insurance: 22.5% There are a few restaurants, coffee shops, and a library. Jitter Junction is insurance: 22.7% a popular drive-up coffee stand. Due to limited options, most residents travel service to Anchorage. Boating facilities are extensive and are used at all ice- High-school degree or higher: 94% 1.5 hours north to Fairbanks to purchase most goods and services. Prices are free times of year. High-school degree or higher: Electricity: Yes moderately high. The public library is equipped with wi-fi. There are three grocery stores 93.5% Piped water: Yes Interior Alaska Medical Clinic provides healthcare for the area. They and some restaurants, mainly seasonal. A drive-by coffee stand opened Electricity: Yes in 2016. There is no gym or movie theater. A number of companies offer Cell service: AT&T, Consumer provide primary care, urgent care, lab services, and radiology services. It is Piped water: Yes outdoor adventures. Several taxi companies serve the community. Prices are Cellular, GCI (2G network), staffed by a PA and a CNP. Family Medical Center also provides primary Cell service: GCI care to Delta Junction. The town also has ambulances to transport seriously high. T-Mobile, Verizon Internet: GCI ill individuals to hospitals in Fairbanks. Healthcare is provided by Dillingham Public Health Center and Internet: GCI Kanakanak Hospital. The hospital has 16 beds and provides 24-hour TV: Cable or satellite TV: None Climate medical, pediatric and obstetrical care. Adjoining facilities offer dental care, Radio: KRUP (talk); KDLG (public Radio: KIAO (religious) behavioral healthcare, emergency care and infant wellness monitoring. There radio) Delta Junction is known as the “Windy City” by some and sees July is also a temporary residence for expecting mothers. The hospital provides Sights: Big Delta State Historical Sights: Sam Fox Museum; Wood temperatures between low 50s and low 70s. staff housing for employees who serve in on-call positions. Park, Ritka’s Roadhouse, Tikchik State Park; Togiak Sullivan Roadhouse Historical National Wildlife Refuge Other Information Climate Museum, Moose Lake Events: Blessing of the Fleet in June Events: Highway’s End Farmers There are several recreation sites nearby for camping, picnics, fishing, July temperatures vary between the high 40s and 70s. The area receives Market on Wednesdays and and hiking. Lost Lake Trail leads to Moose Lake where moose are known about 25 inches of precipitation in a year, with August being the wettest Saturdays in the summer, to go early in the morning or before sunset. Wildlife viewing of bison and month. Fog is common in summer. On July 1 Dillingham receives 21 hours Frontier Days festival on migrating sandhill cranes can also be excellent in the Delta Junction area. of daylight, falling to 18.5 hours by July 31. Memorial Day, Deltana Fair in August Other Information

Alcohol is sold in Dillingham, except on Sundays. Moose and bears are present in the area, so be aware if you are traveling outdoors. 28 Factsheet: Fairbanks, AK Factsheet: Fort Yukon, AK 29

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Population: 100,605 (2016); 76% In the Interior region, 260 miles N of Anchorage, 140 miles S of the At the junction of the Yukon and Porcupine rivers, 400 miles NE of Population: 570 (2015); 88% Alaska white Arctic Circle. Anchorage, 140 miles NE of Fairbanks, 8 miles N of the Arctic Circle. Native (Gwich’in) Major industries: Oil and gas Major industries: Subsistence exploration, education, Description Description hunting and fishing healthcare, military Fairbanks is the second most populous city in Alaska and the largest in Fort Yukon is the seat of the Gwichyaa Zhee Gwich’in Tribal Median household income: $33,194 Median household income: $73,831 the Interior region, located in the Tanana Valley. It is easily accessible by air, Government and the population is very heavily Alaska Native. The Tribal Population in poverty: 17.7% road and railroad from the south. Government provides most city services, including transportation, Population in poverty: 8.5% Population without health In the summer there is an abundance of outdoor activities to enjoy, education, food- and housing assistance and some law-enforcement Population without health functions. Most other services are provided by the State of Alaska. insurance: 35.4% insurance: 14.1% including rafting, kayaking, hiking, fishing, wildlife viewing, etc. Fairbanks holds all the conveniences of a larger city, with plenty of shopping, There is no public transit or taxi service. Gasoline is available. There is a High-school degree or higher: High-school degree or higher: entertainment, and dining options. The Metropolitan Area Commuter market but no restaurants. Prices are extremely high. 72.2% 94.4% System (MACS) offers bus service throughout the region, and taxis are Medical care is provided through Yukon Flats Health Center, a Electricity: Yes Electricity: Yes readily available. Visitors can expect prices to be comparable to Anchorage. primary-care clinic with equipment for radiology, lab tests and telemedicine Piped water: Yes Piped water: Yes Fairbanks Memorial Hospital is the largest health provider in the area, consultations. The clinic provides behavioral health, dental and pharmacy Cell service: None with 152 beds and 120 physicians in more than 27 specialties. Tanana Valley services and can dispatch Community Health Aides or air ambulances. Cell service: GCI (4G), Verizon, Internet: Satellite only AT&T, T-Mobile, Consumer Clinic and Denali Center are also large care providers associated with the Cellular hospital. There are several other clinics and physician offices in Fairbanks. Climate TV: None Internet: GCI Radio: None Climate In 1915 Fort Yukon recorded the highest temperature ever seen in Alaska TV: Numerous (100°). It also held the record low (-78°) until 1971. Average temperatures in Sights: None Radio: Numerous July and August are the wettest months of the year, and temperatures July vary between 50° and 75°, but the extremes can be much, much hotter Events: None range from low 50s to low 70s. There are around 21 hours of daylight in July. or colder. The climate is desert-like, with only 6.5 inches of precipitation per Sights: UA Museum of the North, year. Despite this, the town is surrounded by lakes and streams resting on Chena River State Recreation Other Information deep permafrost. On July 1 Fort Yukon receives 24-hour daylight, dropping Area, Chena Hot Springs to 18.5 hours by July 31. Resort The University of Alaska Fairbanks frequently hosts cultural and Events: Midnight Sun Festival in community events and is also home to the Museum of the North. Other Information June, Summer Arts Festival Fairbanks is one of the best places in the world to see the northern lights, in July, Tanana Valley State although they are not visible in summertime. The importation, possession or sale of alcohol is illegal. Fair in August, Gazebo Nights Boating and hiking are the main activities. The terrain is flat and music performances each night swampy, with numerous oxbow lakes, so expect a lot of mosquitoes. Watch in the summer, First Friday Art out for bears. Displays 30 Factsheet: Galena, AK Factsheet: Haines, AK 31

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Population: 467 (2015); 64% Alaska On the Yukon River, 115 mi E of Norton Bay, 270 mi W of Fairbanks, 330 In the northern part of the AK Panhandle, 500 miles E of Anchorage, Population: 1,955; 81% White mi NW of Anchorage. 68 miles N of Juneau, 17 miles W of the Canadian border. Unlike most Native, 29% white Major industries: Retail, southeast communities, it is accessible by road from the north. Major industries: Government, healthcare & social assistance, healthcare, retail, subsistence Description construction Description hunting and fishing Galena was founded in 1918 as a supply station for the local lead mines. Median household income: $53,125 Median household income: $56,875 There are no roads connecting the village with the outside world, so heavy Haines is located along the edge of North America’s longest and deepest Population in poverty: 10.3% Population in poverty: 12.6% cargo must be transported by water, while the airport provides daily fjord, and is surrounded by rugged mountain peaks and a coastal rainforest. connections to Anchorage and Fairbanks. The village has become a service In the winter it is home to the largest concentration of bald eagles in the Population without health Population without health hub for surrounding communities. In 2013 Galena was severely damaged by world, and in the summer it hosts tourists from cruise ships. insurance: 22% insurance: 30.6% flooding but has since been rebuilt. Taxis and rental cars are available to visitors. There are two full-service High-school degree or higher: High-school degree or higher: Community facilities are centered on the schools. The school library and grocery stores and multiple restaurants, including Fireweed (Italian) and 95.5% 84.1% theater are open to the public, as are the gyms (with an indoor heated pool). The Pilotlight (seafood). Free wi-fi is available at the public library. Prices are Electricity: Yes Electricity: Yes There is no wi-fi. Several general stores, a coffee shop, a bar and a variety of high. Piped water: Yes bed & breakfasts are available. There are no taxis in town but some residents Piped water: Yes Haines is served by SEARHC Haines Health Center, the only primary Cell service: AT&T, Consumer rent out their cars. Bicycling is excellent in summer. Prices are extremely Cell service: GCI health clinic in the area. Specialists from Mt. Edgecumbe Hospital frequently Cellular, GCI (4G network), high. visit. Dental and counseling services are also available. Serious medical Internet: GCI T-Mobile, Verizon Healthcare comes from the Edgar Nollner Health Center (ENHC), conditions are flown to Juneau for treatment. Internet: GCI (limited wi-fi) TV: None which provides primary and preventive care. The ENHC has facilities for Radio: KIYU (public radio); KXES telemedicine, teleradiology, x-ray, emergency and consulting rooms and an Climate TV: None (variety) ambulance service. ENHC and the YK Mental Health and Alcohol Program Radio: KHNS (public radio) also provide some behavioral health treatment. Itinerant nurses from Weather in Haines is mild, with July temperatures ranging from low 40s Sights: Innoko National Wildlife Sights: Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Fairbanks serve the region as a whole. to mid-60s. Refuge Preserve, Chilkat River, Takshanuk Mountains, Events: Iditarod Race in March; Climate Other Information Spring Carnival; Picnic on July Davidson Glacier, Glacier Bay 4; numerous outdoor races July temperatures are in the 50s and 60s. Only 13 inches of precipitation There is an abundance of adventure opportunities in Haines, so take National Park falls in an average year, giving the area a semi-desert climate. Nevertheless, advantage of rafting trips, halibut fishing charters, bike and kayak rentals, Events: Beer festival in May, the local land is low-lying and swampy. On July 1 Galena receives 20.5 hours hikes in the forest or along the beach, etc. Southeast AK State Fair in July, of daylight, decreasing to 18 hours on July 31. Farmer’s Market on Saturdays in the summer, Triathlon in Other Information July, 4th of July celebrations, Mardi Gras celebration in Alcohol is legal for sale in Galena, but only after 10 am. Expect August mosquitoes and gnats, and watch out for bears, moose and other wildlife. 32 Factsheet: Homer, AK Factsheet: Juneau, AK 33

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Population: 5,631 (2016); 84% On the Homer Spit at the mouth of Kachemak Bay, Kenai Peninsula, 200 On the Gastineau Channel in southeast Alaska, 570 miles SE of Population: 32,468 (2016); 70% White miles SW of Anchorage. Anchorage, 40 miles W of the Canadian border. white, 11% Alaska Native Major industries: Healthcare Major industries: Government, & social assistance, retail, Description Description mining/oil/gas extraction, tourism, fishing Located on Kachemak Bay, Homer is a popular tourist attraction in the Juneau is the capital of Alaska and only accessible by plane or boat. As agriculture, fishing Median household income: $57,471 summer. The town is at the end of a major highway and is served by ferry. the state capital, the primary employer in Juneau is the state, federal, and Median household income: $87,436 Population in poverty: 9.8% Ferries also connect Homer with Seldovia, 18 miles away on the far side of municipal government. Tourism is also important to the city, as cruise ships Population in poverty: 7.4% the bay. bring 1 million visitors during the summer. Population without health Population without health insurance: 19.2% There is an abundance of shops and restaurants, including popular Getting around Juneau is easy as most things downtown are within insurance: 14.3% ones such as Little Mermaid (seafood), Fat Olives (Italian), and K Bay Café. walking distance and there is a public bus system. There are plenty of High-school degree or higher: 95% Visitors can rent cars, bikes, or take taxis. Entertainment options include shopping opportunities (including Fred Meyer and Costco), entertainment High-school degree or higher: Electricity: Yes a theatre, art galleries, a public library (open 6 days per week), and various options (including a movie theater and many community cultural events), 95.6% Piped water: Yes community-sponsored park events. Prices are slightly higher than in and dining options (Tracy’s King Crab Shack and Deckhand Dave’s are Electricity: Yes Anchorage. popular). Prices are higher than in Anchorage. Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Piped water: Yes Cellular, GCI (4G network), The South Peninsula Hospital provides medical care to the region and Juneau and its surrounding small towns are served by the full-service Cell service: GCI (4G network), T-Mobile, Verizon has 22 medical beds and 28 nursing home beds. It is the largest employer in Bartlett Regional Hospital. They employ close to 100 primary care and Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, the area, with over 400 local residents working there. There are several other specialist physicians, have a 9-bed critical care unit, a 12-bed mental health Internet: GCI Consumer Cellular clinics and physicians’ offices in Homer. unit, a residential addiction treatment center, and more. There are also Internet: GCI TV: Numerous Anchorage stations several smaller clinics and physician offices in Juneau. Radio: Numerous stations Climate TV: Numerous Climate Radio: Numerous Sights: Homer Spit, Pratt Museum, The climate is similar to Anchorage’s. Summer temperatures are typically Grewingk Glacier, Kachemak between the high 40s and low 60s, with little variation. Homer receives little In July temperatures range from low 50s to mid-60s, and there are Sights: Juneau Icefield, Alaska State Park annual precipitation but is surrounded by the ocean, so marine influence is around 17 hours of daylight. It is often rainy. State Capitol building, Mount Events: Farmers Market on very strong. On July 1 the region receives 18.5 hours of daylight, declining to Juneau, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Tracy Arm- Wednesdays and Saturdays in 16.5 by July 31. Other Information the summer, Halibut derby, Fords Terror Wilderness Area, Admiralty Island National Shorebird Festival in May Other Information Mendenhall Glacier is a great spot to visit and is just a short drive from Juneau. There is also an abundance of hiking trails to explore. Monument Homer is known as the “halibut fishing capital of the world” and offers Events: Alaska Folk Festival in great fishing as well as kayaking, bear viewing, and hiking. April, Juneau Jazz & Classics There is a 7.5% sales tax. festival in May, Maritime Festival in May 34 Factsheet: Ketchikan, AK Factsheet: Kodiak, AK 35

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Population: 8,197 (2015); 60% SW side of Revillagigedo Island, facing the Inside Passage, extreme SE On Kodiak Island, 250 miles SW of Anchorage, 650 miles W of Juneau. Population: 6,191 (2016); 39% white, 16% Alaska Native Alaska, 780 miles SE of Anchorage, 230 miles SSE of Juneau, 65 miles W of Asian, 35% White the Canadian border. Major industries: Fishing, tourism, Description Major industries: Commercial government fishing, transportation, retail Description Kodiak Island is Alaska’s largest island and the second-largest in the Median household income: $52,765 U.S. (after Hawaii). The town can be accessed by ferry or airline. It is a Median household income: $67,571 Population in poverty: 15.3% Ketchikan is Alaska’s fifth-largest city. It has no road connection to other transportation hub for southwest Alaska. Fishing has been a mainstay of Population in poverty: 10.6% communities but its airport serves numerous destinations in SE Alaska, with its economy and continues to attract tourists. It was originally settled by Population without health connections to Anchorage, Juneau and Seattle. The Alaska Marine Highway Russians, hence the high population of those with Asian ethnicity. Population without health insurance: 22.5% insurance: 25.8% and Inter-Island Ferry Authority provide ferry service. Numerous private There are many shopping options, including a Walmart, and dining High-school degree or higher: boats and cruise ships stop at Ketchikan. options, including Henry’s Great Alaskan Restaurant and Monk’s Rock High-school degree or higher: 91.4% The city’s biggest industry is tourism and it has all the facilities expected Coffeehouse. Car rentals and taxis are also available. Prices are high. 87.8% Electricity: Yes in a tourist town. Banks, restaurants, markets, movies and gyms are all Providence Kodiak Island Medical Center is the largest healthcare Electricity: Yes Piped water: Yes readily available. The public library offers internet access. Prices are also provider in the area. It features 25 acute care beds and 22 long-term care Piped water: Yes typical of tourist zones, so be prepared. Cell service: AT&T, Consumer beds. It provides a wide array of inpatient and outpatient services and Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Cellular, GCI, T-Mobile, Healthcare is provided by Peacehealth Ketchikan Medical Center, a employs several physicians and specialists. Besides Providence, there are Cellular, GCI (4G network), Verizon 24-hour general hospital with some specialty services, including sports several other medical clinics in Kodiak. T-Mobile, Verizon medicine, gastroenterology and a sleep center. Telehealth is an option for Internet: GCI Internet: GCI patients who cannot come to the facilities in person. Climate TV: None TV: None Radio: KTKN (talk/contemporary); Climate Kodiak is often cloudy or foggy and receives a lot of rain. Layers and Radio: KMXT (public radio) waterproof clothing are encouraged. July temperatures range from high 40s KGTW (country); KFMJ (local/ Sights: Kodiak National Wildlife oldies); KRBD (public radio) The city receives an astounding 153 inches of precipitation each year, to high 50s. with rain on 229 out of 365 days. During July average temperatures are Refuge, Fort Abercrombie Sights: Totem poles; Totem State Historical Park, Baranov between the low 50s and mid 60s, with extremes ranging up to 20° warmer Other Information Heritage Center; Tongass or colder. On July 1 Ketchikan receives 17 hours of daylight, dropping to 16 Museum National Forest; Misty Fjords by July 31. There are strict laws governing hunting and fishing activities, as Kodiak Events: Kodiak Crab Festival on National Monument is an important environmental asset. It is known as the Emerald Isle and Memorial Day, Kodiak Brown Events: Wearable Art Show in Other Information provides an abundance of outdoor activities for nature lovers. There are Bear Festival in March, 4th February; Marathon in May; many brown bears in the area, so exercise caution when traveling outdoors. of July celebrations, Kodiak King Salmon Derby in June; Hiking and water sports are significant around Ketchikan. Be prepared Rodeo and State Fair in Pennock Island Swim in for bears and a lot of changes in elevation. Seafood is available in immense September August variety. The tourism season runs May-September with many shops, restaurants, and activities closed in the off season. Transportation on and off the island is also more limited in the off season. 36 Factsheet: Kotzebue, AK Factsheet: Nome, AK 37

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Population: 3,245 (2016); 67% Kotzebue Sound, on the Chukchi Sea, 550 miles NW of Anchorage, 440 On the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound, 530 miles Fast Facts Population: 3,797 (2016); Alaska Native (Inupiat), 21% miles WNW of Fairbanks, 23 miles N of the Arctic Circle. NW of Anchorage, 520 miles west of Fairbanks, 100 miles S of the Arctic 41% Alaska Native (Inupiat), white Circle. 32.5% white Major industries: Healthcare, Description Major industries: Healthcare & Description education, government, Kotzebue is located on the water and serves as an important social assistance, government, subsistence hunting and fishing transportation and supply hub for nearby villages. It has one of the largest Nome used to be the most populous city in Alaska, known for its 1898 retail, subsistence hunting and Median household income: $85,278 communities of indigenous people in the Far North, with almost 70% Inupiat gold rush and the famous diphtheria serum dog-sled run in 1925. It is a fishing Population in poverty: 18% Eskimo. The airport has flights to Anchorage, Nome and an array of nearby regional center of transportation for surrounding villages and has two Median household income: $78,507 villages. airports and a seaport. Population without health Population in poverty: 13.4% insurance: 25.6% Taxis are available, though most places in Kotzebue are within walking Visitors can enjoy gold panning, fishing, and bird watching. There are Population without health distance. The Kotzebue Recreation Center offers membership to a gym and several convenience stores, including a Safeway, and several restaurants to insurance: 20.8% High-school degree or higher: various sports courts. There are a few restaurants and a general store. Prices choose from. Some local favorites include Pingo Bakery-Seafood House and 83.3% are very high. Milano’s Pizzeria. There are taxis and car rentals available, as well as a library High-school degree or higher: 92.8% Electricity: Yes The Maniilaq Health Center provides primary health care including and recreation center. Prices are very high. Piped water: Yes medical, nursing, and community health services. They have a 5-bed Norton Sound Regional Hospital serves the area and is a qualified acute High-school degree or higher: Cell service: GCI (3G network), emergency unit. They also work extensively with Native communities care facility and medevac service. Long term care is provided by Quyaana Electricity: Yes T-Mobile promoting public health initiatives like tobacco prevention, diabetes and Care Center (a unit of the hospital). Specialized care is available through Piped water: Yes nutrition, and injury prevention. Maniilaq also hosts Utuqqanaat Inaat, a various facilities such as Norton Sound Community Mental Health Center, Internet: GCI Cell service: GCI (3G), T-Mobile long-term elderly care facility. Turning Point - Saquigvik (transitional living), and XYZ Senior Center. TV: None There are several other primary care clinics also available. Internet: GCI Radio: KOTZ (public radio) Climate TV: None Climate Radio: KQQN (religious); KUAC Sights: Kobuk Valley National Dry subarctic climate, with a short, mild summer. July temperatures (public radio); KICY (religious) Park, Selawik National range from high 40s to low 60s, with frequent rain. Beginning in early June, Summers are cool, with temperatures in July ranging from high 40s to Wildlife Refuge, Cape the sun does not set for six weeks. high 50s. July days typically have 21 hours of daylight. Sights: Carrie M. McLain Krusenstern National Memorial Museum, Other Information Other Information Monument, Noatak National Events: Alappaa Film Festival in Preserve, Northwest Arctic The sale of alcohol is banned, but importation and possession is Explore remains of gold dredges within short walking and driving March, Iditarod sled dog race Heritage Center permitted. distances from downtown Nome. Local air carriers also offer short flights to in March, Salmonberry Jam surrounding Native villages. Events: None Folk Fest in July or August, Blueberry Festival in August or September 38 Factsheet: Petersburg, AK Factsheet: Seldovia, AK 39

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Population: 3,177 (2015); 77% white N end of Mitkof Island, facing the Inside Passage, 670 miles SE of On the south shore of Kachemak Bay, on the Kenai Peninsula, 130 miles Population: 276 (2016); 72.5% Anchorage, 120 miles SSE of Juneau, 30 miles W of the Canadian border. SW of Anchorage, 400 miles S of Fairbanks. Major industries: Fishing, tourism white, 14.4% Alaska Native (Alutiiq) Median household income: $61,492 Description Description Major industries: Fishing, Population in poverty: 8.8% Petersburg is a major fishing port and attracts a small number of tourists A small seaside town, Seldovia has no road access, so visitors must arrive construction, education, Population without health sailing along the Inside Passage. The town has no road access but is well- by plane or boat. There is a ferry connection to Homer, on the other side of government insurance: 24.0% served by ferry and commercial boats, including small cruise ships. Its small Kachemak Bay. Median household income: $46,875 High-school degree or higher: airport has commercial service to Juneau, Wrangell, Ketchikan, Anchorage A historic boardwalk follows the beach and provides great views of Cook Population in poverty: 9.5% 95.4% and Seattle. Inlet. There are a few small grocers and restaurants, but no large retailers. Population without health Electricity: Yes Petersburg has most of the retail facilities expected in a tourist town: Taxis are available, but the town is small and most things are accessible by insurance: 25.9% Piped water: Yes there are markets, restaurants, various outdoor adventure companies and foot. There is a gym inside the Seldovia Conference Center that visitors can numerous churches. The public library offers internet access. Northern access. Prices are high. High-school degree or higher: Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Nights Theater shows movies on the campus of Petersburg Schools. Prices are 95.5% Cellular, GCI Two small clinics, SVT (Seldovia Village Tribe) Health & Wellness and somewhat higher than in Anchorage. Seldovia Medical Clinic, provide the only medical care in town and are Electricity: Yes Internet: GCI Petersburg Medical Center offers primary care, including physical both only open three days a week. They offer basic, outpatient primary care Piped water: Yes TV: None therapy and laboratory and radiologic services. and wellness services. Any patients with serious medical concerns must be Cell service: GCI transported 18 miles across the bay to Homer. Radio: KFSK (public radio) Internet: GCI Sights: Norwegian culture; LeConte Climate Climate TV: None Glacier; rainforest hikes; Petersburg’s climate is cool and extremely wet, with average annual marine charters Radio: KAWZ (religious); KGTL precipitation of more than 100 inches, although summer is the dry season. The climate is similar to Anchorage’s. Summer temperatures are typically (nostalgia) Events: Polar Dip on January Average July temperatures vary between the high 40s and mid 60s. On July 1 between the high 40s and low 60s, with little variation. Homer receives little 1; Octoberfest in October; the city receives 17 hours of daylight, dropping to 16 hours by July 31. annual precipitation but is surrounded by the ocean, so marine influence is Sights: Historic boardwalk Festival of Lights in November very strong. On July 1 the region receives 18.5 hours of daylight, declining to Events: Summer Solstice Musical Other Information 16.5 by July 31. Festival in June, 4th of July celebrations Mitkof Island is covered with temperate rainforest, much of it very soggy. Other Information Boating is a major activity in the area. Those who take a boat tour on Cook Inlet can see orca, humpback whales, sea otters, and puffins. There are also several trails and mountains around for day hikes and camping. 40 Factsheet: Sitka, AK Factsheet: Skagway, AK 41

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Population: 8,830 (2016); 62.7% W side of Baranof Island, facing the Gulf of Alaska, 90 miles SW of In the Alaskan panhandle, 88 miles N of Juneau, 500 miles E of Population: 1,088 (2016); 75% white, 13.6% Alaska Native Juneau, 580 miles SE of Anchorage. Anchorage, 500 miles S of the Arctic Circle. white, 11% Asian Major industries: Healthcare & Major industries: Transportation & social assistance, education, Description Description warehousing, retail, tourism retail, fishing, tourism A popular tourist destination, Sitka is only accessible by plane or boat, A small port town in the Inside Passage, Skagway grew wildly during Median household income: $64,853 Median household income: $70,160 and most everything is within walking distance from the downtown area. the Klondike gold rush in 1896 and much of its late-nineteenth century Population in poverty: 4.4% architecture has been reconstructed. Its population doubles in the summer Population in poverty: 7.9% Rental cars and a public transit system are also available. Fishing is a Population without health large draw for Sitka. Sitka’s port has the largest harbor system in Alaska, and to accommodate the one million cruise ship tourists that visit each year. It is Population without health accessible by road via the Klondike Highway, with bus service to Whitehorse, insurance: 16.8% insurance: 20% around 18% of Sitka’s population earns at least part of their income from fishing and seafood processing. There are several shopping and restaurant and is also a major ferry terminal. During the summer the White Pass and High-school degree or higher: High-school degree or higher: options, including Ludvig’s Bistro and Bayview Pub. Prices are comparable to Yukon Route railway takes tourists into Canada and back. 96.5% 92.6% Anchorage. Because of the massive number of tourists, there are plenty of shopping Electricity: Yes Electricity: Yes There are two hospitals, Sitka Community Hospital and Edgecumbe and dining options, though costs are high. Much of the town has a wild west Piped water: Yes feel about it, with frequent historic tours and reenactments. There are rental Piped water: Yes Hospital (SEARHC). Both provide a full range of health care services Cell service: GCI (4G network), cars, shuttles, and a seasonal transit system available. There is also a library Cell service: GCI (4G), Verizon, including primary care, surgery, emergency care, lab/radiology, specialty Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and a recreation center. AT&T, T-Mobile, Consumer care, and long term care. SEARHC is Sitka’s largest employer. Consumer Cellular Skagway is served by Dahl Memorial Clinic, the only primary health Cellular Internet: GCI clinic in the area. The facility is usually staffed by 3 NPs and 3 MAs and is Internet: GCI Climate open Monday through Friday year-round with limited Saturday hours during TV: None TV: KTNL-TV (public television) July temperatures range from low 50s to low 60s, and there are around 17 summer. The clinic also operates after hours in emergency situations. The Radio: KHNS (public radio); KINY Radio: Numerous stations hours of daylight. borough is also served 24/7 by local EMS. Individuals in need of dire medical (adult contemporary) attention are transported by air via helicopter or air ambulance to Bartlett Sights: Alaska Raptor Center, Sights: Klondike Gold Rush Other Information Regional Hospital in Juneau (45-minute flight). Sheldon Jackson Museum, National Historical Park, St. Michael’s Cathedral, Chilkoot Trail, White Pass & There are plenty of tourism options, including hiking, kayak rentals, boat Climate Sitka National Historic Park, tours, ATV or bike tours, etc. Mt. Edgecumbe, a dormant volcano, can be Yukon Route Railroad, Arctic Fortress of the Bear seen from Sitka on a clear day. July temperatures range from low 50s to high 60s, with 18 hours of Brotherhood Hall, Harding Events: Summer Music Festival in daylight. Glacier, Davidson Glacier June, 4th of July celebrations, Events: Numerous in summer Alpine Adventure Run in July, Other Information Sitka Arts & Science Festival in July, Alaska Day Festival in The Chilkoot Trail, “the world’s longest outdoor museum,” offers hikers October 33 miles of hiking, half in Alaska and half in Canada. There are many other trails to explore. Five times a day during the summer, National Park Service rangers lead a free, 45-minute walking tour of the historic district. 42 Factsheet: Soldotna, AK Factsheet: Talkeetna, AK 43

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Population: 4,544 (2015); 75% white Kenai Peninsula, 60 miles SW of Anchorage. The Kenai River empties Just off the Parks Highway, 80 miles N of Anchorage, 60 miles SSE of Population: 772 (2015); 88% white into Cook Inlet a few miles NW of downtown. Denali. Major industries: Tourism, Major industries: Tourism government Description Description Median household income: $56,094 Median household income: $63,068 Population in poverty: 11.0% Population in poverty: 3.4% Soldotna is a service and retail center for the surrounding area, well- Talkeetna is the jumping-off point for tourists visiting (or climbing) connected to the rest of the state via a major highway. During the summer Denali. It is connected to the Parks Highway via the Talkeetna Spur Road Population without health Population without health it attracts fishermen and RV-ers from all over North America. The town has and has a stop for the Alaska Railroad. The town caters heavily to tourists, insurance: 36.2% insurance: 18.1% all the goods and services of a typical small town in the lower 48, though with a variety of restaurants, gift shops, outdoor adventure companies and High-school degree or higher: High-school degree or higher: prices are somewhat higher. Public transit is available on-call. Commercial flightseeing operations. Prices are high. 90.5% 92.7% establishments line the Sterling Highway, with medium-density residential Healthcare is provided by the Sunshine Community Health Center, a few Electricity: Yes neighborhoods NW of the highway and scattered subdivisions in all Electricity: Yes miles south of the main town. Sunshine is an urgent-care clinic with facilities Piped water: Yes directions. for radiology, lab analysis, emergency care, dental care, family health and Piped water: Yes Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Healthcare is provided by Central Peninsula Hospital and some private behavioral health. It maintains a transit connection to healthcare facilities in Cell service: AT&T, Consumer Cellular, GCI (2G network), clinics. CPH is a 50-bed general hospital with numerous specialty services, Wasilla and Willow. Cellular, GCI, T-Mobile T-Mobile, Verizon including foot-and-ankle, urology, neurology and orthopedics, among Internet: GCI others. Climate Internet: GCI TV: Numerous Anchorage stations TV: None Climate Talkeetna’s weather is affected by the close presence of Denali, which Radio: KKIS-FM (contemporary); is often shrouded in mist. The town itself receives little rain. Average July Radio: KTNA (local/public radio) KPEN-FM (country); The climate is similar to Anchorage’s, with average July temperatures temperatures are between the high 40s and the high 60s but the extremes can Sights: Denali KSLD (sports); KSRM between the mid 40s and the mid 60s. Summer skies are generally clear. On be much hotter or colder, so pack a variety of clothing. On July 1 Talkeetna Events: Numerous (talk); KDLL (public radio); July 1 Soldotna receives 18 hours of daylight, falling to 16 hours on July 31. has 20 hours of daylight, falling to 17 hours on July 31. KOGJ (Christian); KWHQ- FM (country); numerous Other Information Other Information Anchorage stations Sights: Kenai National Wildlife Soldotna is on the Kenai River, so be prepared for mosquitoes. Hiking There are free movie showings on Fridays. Refuge; Farmers markets on and water sports are major activities in the surrounding area, but be bear- Outdoor activities are a major part of Talkeetna’s economy, but practice Tuesday, Wednesday and aware. good wilderness awareness and watch out for bears. Saturday Events: Peninsula Winter Games in January; Frozen River Fest in February; Birding Festival in May; River Festival, Music Festival in June; Progress Days, Kenai River Quilt Tour, Salmonfest in July; Beer Festival in August 44 Factsheet: Tanana, AK Factsheet: Tok, AK 45

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Population: 258 (2016); 78% Merging of the Tanana and Yukon Rivers, 130 miles WNW of Fairbanks, In the southeast interior region, Tok lies on a plain of the Tanana Valley. Population: 1,331 (2010); 72% Athabaskan, 11% white 280 miles NNW of Anchorage. It is 270 miles NE from Anchorage, 175 miles SE from Fairbanks, 220 miles S White of the Arctic Circle. Major industries: Subsistence Major industries: Construction, hunting and gathering Description healthcare & social assistance, Description Median household income:: Tanana is a small native village on the north shore of the Yukon River. accommodation & food service $45,313 In the late 1800s the town acquired extensive public facilities, including a Tok lies at an important junction of the Alaska Highway and the Glenn Median household income: $59,018 Population in poverty: 5.4% school, hospital, post office and telegraph station. Tanana’s population has Highway and is the trade center for several surrounding Athabascan Native Population in poverty: 19% been declining since 1970 and public services have been reduced accordingly. villages. Population without health Population without health insurance: 61.7% In 2016 a dirt road was completed from Manley Hot Springs to within six It is a small town without many entertainment options. There is a small insurance: 20% miles of Tanana. The road ends on the south shore of the river and a boat is convenience store called Three Bears, and a few restaurants including Fast High-school degree or higher: required for crossing. The airport offers service to Fairbanks and some small Eddy’s and Jen’s Thai. There is also a hardware store and a small community High-school degree or higher: 92% 81.6% villages. During the summer barges move up and down the Yukon. Most library, which offers wi-fi. The library is open seven days a week but only for a Electricity: Yes Electricity: Yes residents get around by walking; there are no taxis or rental cars. couple of hours per day. Prices are moderately high. Piped water: Yes Piped water: Yes The school building includes a gym and the public library, which offers The Tok Clinic provides basic medical care for the area. Emergency care Cell service: GCI (2G network), Cell service: GCI (2G network) free wi-fi during open hours (wi-fi shuts off automatically at closing). There is provided at the clinic, and patients needing further treatment are typically Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, are no restaurants except Riverside Grill, which is only open for large events. airlifted to Fairbanks. Internet: Satellite only Consumer Cellular There is one grocery store and one convenience store. Prices are extremely Internet: GCI TV: None high. Climate TV: None Radio: KTYU (Public radio) Healthcare is provided by the Tanana Health Clinic, operated by the There are around 19 hours of daylight in July, and temperatures range Sights: Yukon River Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC). The clinic shares the facilities of the old Radio: KUAC (public radio); hospital (which closed in 1982) with the counseling center, tribal office and from low 50s to low 70s. KUDU (religious) Events: Spirit Camp for kids in elders’ residence. The clinic is staffed by Community Health Aides year- Sights: Mainstreet Visitors Other Information July round and offers X-rays, laboratory services, basic checkups and a pharmacy. Center, Tetlin Wildlife Refuge The nearby gold-panning town of Chicken, AK is a fun day trip. Eagle Headquarters Climate Trail State Recreational Area is also only 16 miles away from Tok. Events: Tok Race of Champions Tanana is located in the interior region of Alaska, which means it Sled Dog Race in March, experiences great temperature variation. Average temperatures in July are in Chickenstock Music Festival in the 60s and 70s, but extremes can be much hotter or colder. The village has June, 4th of July celebrations a desert-like climate, with only 12 inches of precipitation in an average year. On July 1 Tanana receives 21 hours of daylight, declining to 18 hours on July 31.

Other Information

Many residents travel by 4-wheeler in summer. Practice good wilderness safety if leaving the town. During the summer residents make heavy use of the basketball court and are currently forming a baseball team. 46 Factsheet: Unalaska, AK Factsheet: Valdez, AK 47

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Population: 4,437 (2016); 44% In the Aleutian Islands, 800 miles SW of Anchorage. On the eastern side of Prince William Sound, 110 miles E of Anchorage, Population: 3,862 (2016); 74% Asian, 29% White, 11% 250 miles S of Fairbanks. White, 9% Alaska Native Hispanic Description Major industries: Fishing, Description Major industries: Manufacturing, Accessible only by plane and water, Unalaska is the largest city of government, transportation & transportation & warehousing, the Aleutian Islands and is divided between the coasts of Unalaska and One of the most important ports in Alaska, Valdez is known for warehousing retail, fishing Amaknak Islands. Its economy is based on commercial fishing and marine commercial and sport fishing. It is an oil port as it is at the southern end Median household income: $80,357 Median household income: $92,083 transportation. Dutch Harbor, connected to Unalaska by a bridge, is a center of the Alaska Pipeline. The town lies at the end of the Richardson highway Population in poverty: 7% Population in poverty: 6.5% for the crab fishing industry and is the largest fisheries port in the U.S. by and is also served by large ferries. The only regularly-scheduled flights are to volume caught. Anchorage, but the airport also serves charters. Population without health Population without health insurance: 12.8% insurance: 18% There is an extensive sidewalk system and most places are accessible by It is known for its natural scenery, including five glaciers and many walking. The town has two grocery stores, two wholesale grocers and several waterfalls. During the summer the town is overrun with tourists and wild High-school degree or higher: High-school degree or higher: dining options. There is a library, which offers free wi-fi, and a community rabbits. There are several shopping options, including a Safeway, and many 96.7% 86.7% center (known as the PCR) that offers a pool and a variety of athletic restaurants, including Old Town Burgers and The Fat Mermaid. The public Electricity: Yes Electricity: Yes opportunities. Prices are extremely high. library offers internet access (note: the library was closed for remodeling in Piped water: Yes early 2018 but expected to reopen before summer). Prices are comparable to Piped water: Yes Iliuliuk Family & Health Services, Inc. (IFHS) operates the local clinic, Cell service: GCI (3G), Verizon, Anchorage’s. Cell service: GCI (2G network), providing the community of Unalaska and the fishing fleet of the Bering Sea AT&T, T-Mobile, Consumer T-Mobile with comprehensive primary medical care, behavioral health care and dental There are two clinics in Valdez—Valdez Medical Clinic and Providence Cellular care. Specialists make visits to Unalaska, and there is also a native clinic and Valdez Medical Center. Providence is an 11 bed critical access hospital and Internet: GCI Internet: GCI several chiropractic clinics. has 10 long-term care beds, with facilities for treating behavioral health. TV: None Patients with dire health concerns are flown to Anchorage for treatment. TV: None Radio: WJSO (religious); KUCB Climate Radio: WJSO (religious); KCHU (public radio); KSKA (public Climate (public radio); KVAK (country) radio) July temperatures range from mid-40s to high 50s. It is often foggy, with around 16 hours of daylight in the summer. July temperatures range from high 40s to mid-60s, with 17 hours of Sights: Thompson Pass, Chugach Sights: Makushin Volcano, daylight. Valdez is the snowiest city in the U.S., with an average annual National Forest, Columbia Museum of the Aleutians Glacier, Meares Glacier, Other Information snowfall of almost 300 inches, but it is relatively dry in summer. Events: 4th of July celebrations, Keystone Canyon Heart of the Aleutians Festival Unalaska was a hotspot during WWII, and visitors can hike to explore Other Information Events: Fireweed 400 bike race in August, Unalaska Triathlon various historic sites. in July, Last Frontier Theatre in September, Pumpkin Plunge A tour of Prince William Sound allows visitors to see glaciers, whales, Conference in June, Valdez in October, Music in the Park mountain goats, sea otters, seals, etc. Guided raft trips are also available to Rock Fest in June series in the summer go by the waterfalls of Keystone Canyon. There are camping spots in the mountains nearby. 49 48 Factsheet: Wrangell, AK

Fast Facts Location

Population: 2,411 (2016); 69% N tip of Wrangell Island, in southeast Alaska, 800 miles SE of white, 17% Alaska Native Anchorage, 200 miles S of Juneau, 22 miles W of the Canadian border. Major industries: Healthcare & social assistance, agriculture, Description forestry, fishing, hunting, retail Wrangell is on an island nestled at the mouth of the Stikine River. Median household income: $52,986 Primary access to Wrangell is by air or by the Alaska Marine Highway Population in poverty: 11.5% System. Small fixed and float plane companies can also offer transportation between communities. Most boat charter companies also provide water taxi Population without health services to nearby communities. insurance: 18.9% Transportation within Wrangell is fairly easy as many facilities are High-school degree or higher: in walking distance with the downtown commercial area, and there are 88.1% also taxis available. There are two fully-stocked grocery stores as well as Electricity: Yes hardware, auto, and marine supply stores. There are a few restaurant and café Piped water: Yes options. Prices are slightly higher than in Anchorage. Cell service: GCI (3G), Verizon, Health care in Wrangell is provided by the Wrangell Medical Center, AT&T, T-Mobile, Consumer owned by the city. There are 22 beds providing for acute and long-term care. Cellular Minor surgery, emergency services, radiology, and physical therapy are provided, and other specialist physicians make periodic visits to the medical Internet: GCI center. TV: None Radio: KSTK (public radio); KGTW Climate (country); KWRG (religious) Wrangell is a mild, temperate rainforest. Summer temperatures are Sights: Anan Bear and Wildlife typically in the 60s and weather is drier than other seasons. July sees around Observatory, Tlingit Chief 17 hours of daylight. Shakes Island, Tribal House Historic Monument, Other Information Petroglyph Beach State Historic Park, Tongass National Forest There are great outdoor exploration opportunities in Wrangell. Wildlife Events: Stikine River Birding abounds in the area, and a variety of excursions get you up close to glaciers, Festival in April; Community black and brown bears, eagles, sea lions, harbor seals, whales, salmon and markets on Saturdays; King halibut, to name a few. Travel the Stikine River to visit the places where gold Salmon Derby in May/June; miners camped and garnets were mined, or take a sea kayaking tour in the 4th of July celebration; Bearfest protected waters of Southeast Alaska. Wrangell Island also has over 100 miles and Marathon in July of forest roads to explore. 50 51 Chapter 3: Packing Toiletries ☐☐ Usual items for personal grooming Packing Advice ☐☐ Medicines, if any

While in Anchorage you will be staying in the dorms at the University Other Items of Alaska Anchorage (UAA). The dorms have laundry facilities and wi-fi. Marijuana and tobacco are legal in Alaska but not allowed on the UAA campus. ☐☐ Bug spray All bedding will be provided for you throughout the RIIN program, so you don’t ☐☐ Sunscreen need to bring a sleeping bag or pillow unless you plan on traveling on your own outside the program dates. ☐☐ Raincoat or slicker Most rural sites will place students in staff housing, but a few have a host ☐☐ Portable entertainment (books, cards, games—some rural sites have limited Most of the 2017 students hiked the family who will welcome you into their home. All the rural sites have electricity entertainment) Harding Icefield trail. In four hours, the and running water. Laundromats are available. Again, bedding will be provided ☐☐ Camera or phone—expect to take lots of pictures! trail climbed from here... for you. The climate and terrain of Alaska varies enormously from place to place, so Airline Baggage Rules be prepared for a wide range of conditions. Pack as lightly as you can without leaving out anything essential. We suggest you bring one large bag and one Alaska Airlines small one, which will give you some flexibility in adjusting to different vehicles Website: www.alaskaair.com and accommodations. Phone: 800-252-7522 Recommended Packing List for First-Time Visitors to Alaska Airlines serves most of the bigger Alaska communities. Most Alaska flights are on Boeing 737s, which have reasonably-sized overhead compartments. ...to here. This list is hardly exhaustive, but here are a few of the things we suggest you You can have one carry-on and one personal item bring. with you in the cabin. For flights into and out of the state there is a $25 charge for each of the first Essentials two checked bags and $75 for each additional bag, plus a $75 charge for bags over 50 lbs. For ☐☐ Tickets flights solely within Alaska you can check ☐☐ Identification (check to see if your state driver’s license meets the up to three bags for free. During certain requirements of the Real ID Act) seasons special limits may apply to some ☐☐ Some cash—at least $100 destinations; see the airline website for details. ☐☐ Your RIIN folder (we will give you this when you arrive in Anchorage) Grant Aviation Clothing Website: www.flygrant.com ☐☐ At least one summer outfit Phone: 888-359-4726 Dress Codes ☐☐ Some winter clothing (heavy jacket, warm socks, etc.) Grant is a small regional airline that serves western In general, Alaskan workplaces ☐☐ A wool hat is good to have. You can carry it in a pocket if you don’t need it. Alaska, particularly the Yukon-Kuskokwim deltas and Aleutian are more relaxed about clothing Islands. It flies a variety of propeller aircraft with seating from 6-9 ☐☐ A hat that shades your face is also wise. than job sites in the Lower 48. The passengers. There is no storage space inside the cabin and all baggage must be A typical Grant flight usual rule is “business casual”: ☐☐ A variety of outfits for spring/fall weather checked. You may carry up to 100 lbs. of baggage for free. from King Salmon to Dillingham. slacks and a button-down shirt ☐☐ Some professional clothes—most job sites have a dress code are the norm. Tennis shoes are Peninsula Airways ☐☐ Good shoes for hiking. Actual hiking boots are optional but might be a acceptable as long as they aren’t Website: www.penair.com good idea. too attention-getting. A dress or Phone: 800-448-4226 suit is probably overkill. You don’t ☐☐ Swimsuit and towel need to bring scrubs or PPE. PenAir flies to the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea coast, including Dillingham. The fleet consists of Saab 340s (which seat 30 passengers) and Saab 52 53 2000s (which seat 45). Both aircraft types are twin-engine turboprops with small Chapter 4: General Advice overhead compartments. The airline allows one checked bag for free but charges $25 for a second bag, $50 for a third, and so on. There is a $50 charge for bags over 50lbs. Bags over 100 lbs. must be shipped as cargo, which is a nightmare. Alcohol

Ravn Alaska The drinking age throughout the state is 21, but aside from that alcohol Website: www.flyravn.com regulations differ radically in different communities. Some villages ban alcohol Phone: 800-866-8394 altogether, some allow it under severe restrictions, and some permit it freely. Our advice to you is: don’t. Don’t bring it with you, don’t buy it while you’re Ravn does not serve Southeast or Southwest Alaska, but it flies almost there, and most definitely don’t offer it to anyone. Alcoholism is a huge problem everywhere else. Flights between Anchorage and hub communities are most in Alaska and the penalties for breaking the local laws can be severe. Ignorance likely on a Dash 8-100, which carries 37 passengers and has small overhead is no excuse. compartments. Smaller aircraft serve smaller communities. Ravn allows one carry-on and one personal item in the cabin. You may have two checked bags, Tobacco up to 50 lbs. each, at no charge. Tobacco is legal for anyone over 18 but is not allowed on the UAA campus. Marijuana

Alaska legalized marijuana in 2016 but it remains illegal at the federal level, which has created the kind of mess that makes lawyers dance for joy. Regardless, marijuana is not allowed on the UAA campus, cannot be carried aboard aircraft and may be banned in some communities. Proceed with caution. Host Families

Call your host family before you arrive. It’s polite to introduce yourself and thank them for hosting you. If you’re flying out to a small village, consider bringing some fresh fruit as a gift; produce of all kinds is extremely expensive in the bush and fruit is a delicacy. Advice from Past RIIN Students

Definitely bring snacks and food up with you. The cost of food in Barrow is very, very high. Veronica J., Barrow, 2016 Do your grocery shopping in Anchorage. Buy a tote and haul it all in that way. You will save a lot of money, and cooking in the kitchen at Ilisagvik is a great way to meet lots of other interesting people. Don’t hide away in your room and watch videos when you are not at your clinical sites. Get out, meet people, talk to them. Enjoy the place as it is, which in many ways is safer and friendlier than many other cities in Alaska. Go out late at night and walk around the NARL. Do your best to get a sense of what it is like to live there, and to make a happy life there. Kirsten P., Barrow, 2018 The cultural center [Yup’ik Museum] is really cool and the woman who runs it, Eve, is very interesting. Bethel doesn’t have much to do so you have to make Students have some free time available to arrange their own your own fun, walk around, explore, play at the park. entertainment. Some rural sites, such as Ketchikan, offer Rachel L., Bethel, 2016 flightseeing tours. 54 55 Be open and outgoing to all the activities that are available in the host family: you are gonna be spoiled in terms of food (yes, Suzi is that good). community. Maybe bring your own food just because the food in Bethel is really Otherwise, you can eat outside in restaurants if you want to: places like expensive. Bring all your medications, there is only one pharmacy and in order The Cape Fox, Point Art Cafe, etc. Carry layers of clothing. It rains a lot in to get medication you have to be part of their system which is an expensive Ketchikan, so make sure you have got a rain jacket (and not umbrella). Make process. Bring all types of clothes because the weather can vary a lot. If you have sure to fly on a seaplane to Misty Fjords. a fear of small planes, I do not recommend it because the flights in and out and Pranjal M., Ketchikan, 2017 around Bethel are all within a small plane. Bring rubber boots. Amanda L., Bethel, 2017 Heather D., Petersburg, 2016 Bring some peanut butter with you! Bring boots. Expect it to rain in Petersburg, so pack rain gear and rain boots-especially Tristan K., Bethel, 2017 if you plan to spend a lot of time outdoors. Best places to eat in Petersburg: It helped to purchase some food items before leaving Anchorage (although Inga’s, The Salty Pantry, and Coastal Cold Storage Inc. The pizza there is you’ll have to watch the weight). Go out and explore! overpriced, and the best grocery store is up on the hill off 12th street. Nyabony G., Bethel, 2018 Rachel L., Petersburg, 2017 Eat all the local food. Walk around town when you have time and talk to the I would definitely recommend bringing a raincoat and rain boots. I ended locals. Introduce yourself everyday to the staff, especially if you are staying in up wishing I had brought rain boots. Plan on doing activities in the rain, the hospital. Hike local trails. Ski hill is walk-able from the hospital. because it will probably rain the whole time. Go eat at the Salty Pantry. It is Matthew B., Cordova, 2016 amazing! It’s important to know you might not have internet or a phone connection Ashten S., Petersburg, 2017 while you’re shadowing at the rural site. For example, there was free (slow) There is a smoothie place you can go to in the morning. The town isn’t too internet at the library in Dillingham, but that was only open during business busy before nine. There are bars and grills everywhere. The taco truck by the hours, so I couldn’t get there since I was shadowing. I ended up getting online grocery store has affordable and good food. The Sippin’ Sasquatch has great food at the hospital for a bit, but I wished I’d asked more about that in advance.... too. There aren’t many places to eat out, so be prepared to cook or at least prep your Jessica K., Skagway, 2018 own food. Definitely utilize the bike path to explore places. There are some cool beaches and sitting by the harbor is beautiful. The museum in the library is Plan, plan, plan. There are a lot of interesting things to do in Homer and really worth going to as well. Soldotna, you just have to plan it out. A lot of what there is to do is outdoors so invest in a good pair of hiking boots. (I learned this the hard way.) Also, don’t be Melanie L., Dillingham, 2017 afraid to advocate for yourself. I had to overcome a lot of complications during Bring bug spray and shorts because it gets pretty hot up there. There isn’t this rural site visit and I got through it by taking charge of what I could and really anything to do unless you have someone there with you taking you getting through it the best to my ability. around. There are no restaurants to eat. Rachel R., Soldotna and Homer, 2017 Margaret E., Fort Yukon, 2016 Kayak and fish on the Kenai River! Plan ahead to schedule your rides [on Must bring rain gear and dress in layers, the weather is constantly changing. CARTS, the mass transit system] so that you can experience all of Soldotna! Andrew Z., Ketchikan, 2016 Evan P., Soldotna, 2017 Bring rain boots, stay with a host family, eat local fish, stay outdoors, and Bring a wide range of clothes (some days it was warm, others days cold, specify who you want to shadow. and the weather could go from raining to sunny to windy all in one day). Amber V., Ketchikan, 2016 Bring plenty of bug spray (though there will be plenty there). Bring swimwear as floating down the Yukon is a good experience and the children really love Prepare for rain! Enjoy the tourist attractions but take time to learn about playing in the river. Make sure to pack hiking boots/clothes. Be open to all of the Native culture. Take the “Where the Eagle Walks” tour from Joe. Get out the food because it really is delicious. Lastly, I would say go out and get involved on a boat if possible. Enjoy the community setting. And ask lots of questions with the community. at your rural site. Use the opportunity to contribute to and learn from your facilities. Emmanuel B., Tanana, 2018 Ashley K., Ketchikan, 2017 I would say, if you are going to Ketchikan and if you do get to stay with 56 57 Recommended Sources tribal government, education, etc. If you’re confused about the relationship between Alaskan Natives and non-natives, this might be a good place to start.

Here are a few helpful resources about Alaska and the practice of Zink, Therese, ed.The Country Doctor Revisited: A Twenty-First Century Reader. rural healthcare, if you’d like to do some research on your own. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2010. Print.

Not specifically about Alaska, but includes a lot of helpful stories about rural Haile, Sarah. Maniilaq: Eskimo Prophet. Springville, Utah: Bonneville Books, practice in general. This collection of anecdotes and poems, written by rural 2003. Print. doctors, spans every kind of unique rural emergency and ongoing health issue. The writing is uneven (as you would expect from a collection with this many Halliday, Jan. Native Peoples of Alaska: A Traveler’s Guide to Land, Art, and contributors) but the stories provide a human take on medical practice. Culture. Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 1998. Print.

Slightly dated now, this guidebook was designed for off-road adventure travelers who want to see the “real” Alaska. It includes a lot of extremely detailed information on small Native communities along with the usual guidebook information like popular tours and contacts for hotels, restaurants and other tourist activities.

Huntington, Sidney. Shadows on the Koyukuk: An Alaskan Native’s Life Along the River. Portland, Oregon: Alaska Northwest Books, 1993. Print.

Jans, Nick. The Last Light Breaking: Living Among Alaska’s Inupiat Eskimos. Portland, Oregon: Alaska Northwest Books, 1993. Print.

Jans, Nick. A Place Beyond: Finding Home in Arctic Alaska. Portland, Oregon: Alaska Northwest Books, 1996. Print.

Langdon, Steve J. The Native People of Alaska: Traditional Living in a Northern Land. 4th ed. Anchorage: Greatland Graphics, 2002. Print.

A good general overview of all the native cultures found throughout the state. Not too detailed, but not too shallow, this guide does not assume you know anything about these cultures already.

Napoleon, Harold. Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being. Eric Madsen, ed. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Knowledge Network, 1996. Web. 21 July 2017. .

One of the classics of Native sociology. Napoleon describes the near-total destruction of traditional lifestyles due to disease and contact with outside cultures. He offers an analysis of the psychological effects that still manifest generations after the Great Death. This is commentary written by someone within the culture and the setting of the events depicted in the text. The paper is available online for free.

Roderick, Libby, ed. Alaska Native Cultures and Issues: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions. 2nd ed. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2010. Print.

Describes modern-day Native life through a series of essays by Natives themselves. The book is organized by subject, with chapters on subsistence, 58 59 Works Cited

Krauss, Michael, Gary Holton, Jim Kerr, and Colin T. West. Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska. Fairbanks and Anchorage: Alaska Native Language Center and UAA Institute of Social and Economic Research. Web. 20 Jul. 2017. .

This is the source for the Native languages map. A more detailed version, with place names and information about linguistic history, is also available on the website.

Langdon, Steve J. The Native People of Alaska: Traditional Living in a Northern Land. 4th ed. Anchorage: Greatland Graphics, 2002. Print.

A good general overview of all the native cultures found throughout the state. Not too detailed, but not too shallow, this guide does not assume you know anything about these cultures already.

United States Marshals Service. “District of Alaska-General Information.” United States Marshals. United States Marshals. Web. 21 Jul. 2017. . For more information about the Rural Immersion Institute of the North, contact:

Gloria Burnett

907-786-6705 [email protected]

Alaska’s AHEC Website bit.ly/AKAHEC

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