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Literary Review Compilation on Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Literary Review Compilation on Traditional Chinese Medicine Literary review compilation on Traditional Chinese Medicine Intended audience: General public and practitioners Compiled by the AQTN team www.Association.Quebec.AQTN.ca Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review Acronyms ACEi Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ADR Adverse drug reaction AES American Epilepsy Society AMI Acute myocardial infarction ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers ASD Autism spectrum disorders BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor BPW Blood pressure waveform CABG Coronary artery bypass graft CDH Chronic daily headache (CDH) CKD Chronic kidney disease cLBP Chronic low back pain CP Cerebral palsy DHRs Drug hypersensitivity reactions DSHEA Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act EEGs Electroencephalograms fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging IC Intermittent claudication ISCMR International Society for Complementary Medicine Research MBM Mind/body medicine MCMIA Modernized Chinese Medicine International Association MD Mean difference (Statistics) MEG Magnetoelectroencephalography NCCAM National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine NGF Nerve growth factor PAD Peripheral artery disease PMS Premenstrual syndrome QCP Quality control program RA Rheumatoid arthritis RCTs Randomised controlled trial RR Relative risk (statistics) SBO Small bowel obstruction SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus SUD Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy TNF Tumor necrosis factor TCM Traditional chinese medicine WIM Western Integrative Medicine WM Western Medicine Acronyms | Copyright | Compiled by www.AQTN.ca Page 2 Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review Definitions The conceptual foundation of TCM is entirely different from that of western medicine. This has important implications when it comes to controlled randomized trials. As a result, there are considerable difficulties in comparing the two; a great deal of TCM has no anatomical basis. Acupuncture -- a treatment originating from traditional Chinese medicine. It consists of the stimulation of defined points on the skin. It involves inserting fine needles into specific points on the skin or applying various other techniques to the acupuncture points to bring about healing. Qi -- Energy that is considered the capacity of life to transform and maintain itself. It is responsible for transformation and movement. 'Qi' also refers to the vital substances comprising the human body and the physiological functions of viscera and bowels, channels and collaterals. It maintains life activities and reflects the resistance of the human body. Deficiency of 'qi' allows the invasion of exogenous pathogenic wind. Qi stagnation -- Normal movement of Qi is impaired and the smooth flow of Qi is impeded in a particular organ, meridian, or other part of the body. A primary symptom of Qi stagnation is distention and/or soreness or pain. Kidney Qi deficiency -- In Chinese medicine, the kidneys (which do not have the same function as in biomedicine) serve as the body's reservoir of Qi. A deficiency of Kidney Qi reflects an overall depletion of the body's energy and will manifest itself in a broad range of symptoms that may include frequent urination, chronic lower back pain, and weakness in the lower back, sore knees, and diminished libido. Blood stagnation -- In Chinese medicine, Blood is the red fluid flowing through the vessels and meridians and a condensed form of Qi. Blood stagnation occurs when the Blood is unable to follow 4smoothly through the channels. The primary sign of Stagnant Blood is a stabbing pain. Yin deficiency -- In Chinese medicine, there is emphasis on maintaining a harmonious balance between the opposite qualities of Yin and Yang. When the balance between these qualities is disturbed, disharmony will result. If Yin is deficient or weakened, heat will arise because the Yin is unable to control the warming Yang energies and cool the body properly. Common symptoms of Yin deficiency include insomnia, night sweats, flushed cheeks, dry mouth, and restlessness. De Qi -- A characteristic sensation of a dull ache, numbness, or tingling that may be felt after an acupuncture needle is inserted through the skin. The sensation thought to indicate the "arrival Definitions | Copyright | Compiled by www.AQTN.ca Page 3 Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review of Qi" is generally felt at the site of needling, along the course of the meridian needled, or in the surrounding tissues. Moxibustion -- A technique of applying heat to specific sites on or near the surface of the body by burning dried mugwort plant (Artemisia vulgaris). Channel points -- Acupuncture points or other tender spots that are located on one of the 14 regular meridians. Traditional Chinese Medicine questioning -- Often called the Asking Examination or Asking Diagnosis, these traditional questions elicit information from the patient about the sensations of hot or cold, quality and location of pain, medical history, perspiration, headaches and dizziness, urination and stool, thirst, appetite and tastes, sleep, and for women, gynecologic concerns. Sample TCM questions are: "Do you prefer your drinks hot or cold?" "Have you noticed changes in bowel or bladder activity?" Urinary Bladder meridian -- The meridian that extends from the head, down the back approximately 2" lateral to the midline parallel on either side of the spine, down the back of the leg, and to the foot. Cupping -- Using a small glass or cup to induce a vacuum on the skin surface to increase local circulation and to remove excess cold and damp. Blood -- Fluid form of Qi that circulates throughout the body. Visual inspection -- Includes direct observation of the patient's "spiritual quality" as represented by posture, expressions, skin color. Voice analysis -- Listening to the patient's voice quality (ie, pitch and tone). Warming needle -- A technique wherein moxa (either loose moxa or a portion of a moxa stick) is placed on the handle of the acupuncture needle and then ignited. In this manner, the moxa both warms the skin and is "drawn into the channel" (on which the acupoint is located) through the needle. | Copyright | Compiled by www.AQTN.ca Page 4 Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review Sources of data for this literary review All relevant search results were included in a list compiled in July 2013. Cochrane Library – 33 articles http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/ Searching title, abstract and keywords for: "traditional chinese medicine" Medscape – 33 articles http://www.medscape.com/ Search terms included “traditional Chinese medicine” Pub Med – 32 articles http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Search term "traditional chinese medicine" TCM massage has 37 results and was used. Search term “Traditional Chinese medicine” TCM has almost 3000 results. COPYRIGHT This literary review of TCM is copyrighted: Sources of data for this literary review | Copyright | Compiled by www.AQTN.ca Page 5 Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review Table of contents Acronyms 1 Definitions 3 Sources of data for this literary review 5 Copyright 5 Introduction 11 Why a literary review on traditional Chinese medicine? 12 Methodology used 13 Is Anything left to prove? 14 From stones to needles - a brief history 15 On Qi and Meridians 16 Western society and TCM society 17 Epigenetics 18 Conditions in which there is no evidence for TCM benefits 19 Conditions in which there is evidence for TCM benefits when used in combination with Western medicine 19 Conditions in which there is evidence of TCM efficacy 20 Risks involved 21 Concluding remarks 22 COCHRANE LIBRARY – 33 ARTICLES REVIEWED 23 TCM for epilepsy 23 TCM herbs for stopping bleeding from haemorrhoids 23 TCM herbs for the treatment of idiopathic chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome 23 Chinese herbal medicine for schizophrenia 23 Rheum officinale (a traditional Chinese medicine) for chronic kidney disease 24 Oral traditional Chinese medication for adhesive small bowel obstruction 24 Tongxinluo (Tong xin luo) capsule for unstable angina pectoris 25 Acupuncture for autism spectrum disorders 25 Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhoea 27 Sources of data for this literary review | Copyright | Compiled by www.AQTN.ca Page 6 Traditional Chinese medicine literary review / literature review Acupuncture for chronic asthma 27 Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat 28 Chinese herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome 28 Acupuncture for slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents 29 Acupuncture for Bell's palsy 29 Interventions for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus 30 Acupuncture for depression 31 Chinese herbal medicines for treating pre-eclampsia 31 Chinese herbal medicines for threatened miscarriage 32 Acupuncture for mumps in children 32 Acupuncture for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 33 Acupuncture for dysphagia in acute stroke 34 Chuanxiong-type preparations for acute ischemic stroke 34 Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy 34 Tongxinluo capsule for acute stroke 35 Chinese herbal medicine for chronic neck pain due to cervical degenerative disc disease 35 Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 36 Chuanxiong preparations for preventing stroke 36 Chinese medicinal herbs for mumps 36 Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia 37 Acanthopanax for acute ischaemic stroke 38 Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment 38 Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication
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