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The Seljuks of Rum in Turkish Republican Nationalist Historiography

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The Seljuks of Rum in Turkish Republican Nationalist Historiography View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sabanci University Research Database THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY DOĞAN GÜRPINAR SABANCI UNIVERSITY JUNE 2004 1 THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY by DOĞAN GÜRPINAR Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University Spring 2004 2 THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY APPROVED BY: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Berktay .................................. (Dissertation Superviser) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan Erdem ................................... Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Çarkoğlu .................................... DATE OF APPROVAL: ..................................... 3 © Doğan Gürpınar 2004 All Rights Reserved 4 ABSTRACT THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY Doğan Gürpınar M.A., History Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Berktay June 2004, ix + 128 pages This study investigates how Seljuks of Rum are posited within the Turkish history in the republican era. Although this study had confined itself only to academically oriented studies, rather than being a study of historiography, it tried to display the nationalist baggage that had to be tried to realized upon constructions of Seljuks of Rum. After overviewing the late Ottoman historiography and their shy encounter with Seljuks of Rum and “western Turks”, the study begins with discussing the Kemalist imagination of Turkish history with a special focus on the Kemalist position towards Seljuks of Rum in this imagination. Fuad Köprülü, who had revolutionary impact on the studies of Seljuks of Rum had been also under scrunity and had been analyzed how he had posited Seljuks of Rum in the Turkish history. Finally, study approaches to the later works on Seljuks of Rum and Great Seljuks by politically conservative oriented scholars and especially Osman Turan. In the conclusion, all these alternative interpretations of Seljuks of Rum had been analyzed in the light of their differing modes of nationalism and concluded that different interpretations although clashing partially had been reflections of the gradually consolidating of ideology of the modern Turkish nation-state. Keywords. Turkish Historiography, Seljuks of Rum, Turkish Nationalism 5 ÖZET CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ MİLLİYETÇİ TÜRK TARİHYAZIMINDA ANADOLU SELÇUKLULARI Doğan Gürpınar Tarih Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Dr. Halil Berktay Haziran 2004, ix + 128 sayfa Bu çalışma, cumhuriyet döneminde Anadolu Selçukluların Türk tarihi içinde nasıl konumlandırıldığını araştırıyor. Her ne kadar bu çalışma kendini sadece akademik çalışmalarla sınırlasa da, amacı itibarıyla bir tarihyazımı çalışması olmaktan öte milliyetçi arkaplanın Anadolu Selçukluları kurguları üzerinden kendini ifade etmesi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Geç Osmanlı tarihyazımının ve bu dönemde Anadolu Selçukluları ile ilk utangaç temasların genel bir değerlendirilmesi sonra, çalışma Kemalizmin Türk tarihini tahayyülü ve özel olarak Anadolu Selçukluları bu tahayyülde konumlamasını tartışılmaktadır. Anadolu Selçuklu çalışmalarında çığır açan Fuad Köprülü’nün de benzer şekilde Anadolu Selçuklularını Türk tarihinde nasıl konumlandırıldığı incelenmektedir. Son olarak, daha sonraki muhafazakar tarihçilerin, özel olarak da Osman Turan’ın Büyük Selçuklulara ve Anadolu Selçuklulara bakışı değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde Anadolu Selçuklulara farklı bakış açıları, bu bakış açılarının temsil ettiği farklı milliyetçilik biçimlerin ışığında değerlendirilmekte ve tüm bu farklı yorumların kısmen birbirleriyle çatışsa da, tedrici olarak güçlenen modern Türk-ulus devletinin ideolojisinin yansımaları olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk tarihyazımı, Anadolu Selçukluları, Türk Milliyetçiliği 6 Sen bunu bilmesen de, altı yıllık sonra, hala, Günseli’ye....... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing of this thesis was no easy undertaking. The inspirations of the themes of the book had been developed from Hakan Erdem’s and especially Halil Berktay’s thrilling and fascinating lectures. They both happened to be in my jury. I thank them for reading and commenting on draft versions and finalized version of this thesis. I tried my best to reformulate my arguments and themes taking their valuable comments into account. I thank my thesis supervisor Halil Berktay for a second time this time completely out of the stuff pertaining to the writing of this thesis who in all his busy routine had helped and encouraged me in many occasions. His immense contribution in my academical build-up and development is unnecessary to remention. The writing of this thesis was almost completely alone enterprise as any other academical study would be. However, I want to thank the friendships of certain people who had provided me a luxury in this lonely embarking, having in mind Güldeniz (Kıbrıs) who has a promise to me to write a co-authored book in distant future, Emre (Hatipoğlu) of eigthteen years and also not omitting Harun (Küçük). I especially want to thank Burcu (Toksabay) not only for her crucial “formal editing” in which I am desperate and her comments on my English but also for certain many other things. I hope these “assistances” will not be an “end”. Last but not the least, I want to thank my family for their support in the past, in the present and in the future. They were really of help. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Kemalism, Turkish Historical Thesis 15 And the Seljuks of Rum Köprülü and the Seljuks of Rum 43 The Rise of Turco-Islamis Synthesis 68 Conclusion 109 Bibliography 118 9 THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY DOĞAN GÜRPINAR SABANCI UNIVERSITY JUNE 2004 1 THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY by DOĞAN GÜRPINAR Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University Spring 2004 2 THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY APPROVED BY: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Berktay .................................. (Dissertation Superviser) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan Erdem ................................... Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Çarkoğlu .................................... DATE OF APPROVAL: ..................................... 3 © Doğan Gürpınar 2004 All Rights Reserved 4 ABSTRACT THE SELJUKS OF RUM IN TURKISH REPUBLICAN NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY Doğan Gürpınar M.A., History Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Berktay June 2004, ix + 128 pages This study investigates how Seljuks of Rum are posited within the Turkish history in the republican era. Although this study had confined itself only to academically oriented studies, rather than being a study of historiography, it tried to display the nationalist baggage that had to be tried to realized upon constructions of Seljuks of Rum. After overviewing the late Ottoman historiography and their shy encounter with Seljuks of Rum and “western Turks”, the study begins with discussing the Kemalist imagination of Turkish history with a special focus on the Kemalist position towards Seljuks of Rum in this imagination. Fuad Köprülü, who had revolutionary impact on the studies of Seljuks of Rum had been also under scrunity and had been analyzed how he had posited Seljuks of Rum in the Turkish history. Finally, study approaches to the later works on Seljuks of Rum and Great Seljuks by politically conservative oriented scholars and especially Osman Turan. In the conclusion, all these alternative interpretations of Seljuks of Rum had been analyzed in the light of their differing modes of nationalism and concluded that different interpretations although clashing partially had been reflections of the gradually consolidating of ideology of the modern Turkish nation-state. Keywords. Turkish Historiography, Seljuks of Rum, Turkish Nationalism 5 ÖZET CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ MİLLİYETÇİ TÜRK TARİHYAZIMINDA ANADOLU SELÇUKLULARI Doğan Gürpınar Tarih Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Dr. Halil Berktay Haziran 2004, ix + 128 sayfa Bu çalışma, cumhuriyet döneminde Anadolu Selçukluların Türk tarihi içinde nasıl konumlandırıldığını araştırıyor. Her ne kadar bu çalışma kendini sadece akademik çalışmalarla sınırlasa da, amacı itibarıyla bir tarihyazımı çalışması olmaktan öte milliyetçi arkaplanın Anadolu Selçukluları kurguları üzerinden kendini ifade etmesi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Geç Osmanlı tarihyazımının ve bu dönemde Anadolu Selçukluları ile ilk utangaç temasların genel bir değerlendirilmesi sonra, çalışma Kemalizmin Türk tarihini tahayyülü ve özel olarak Anadolu Selçukluları bu tahayyülde konumlamasını tartışılmaktadır. Anadolu Selçuklu çalışmalarında çığır açan Fuad Köprülü’nün de benzer şekilde Anadolu Selçuklularını Türk tarihinde nasıl konumlandırıldığı incelenmektedir. Son olarak, daha sonraki muhafazakar tarihçilerin, özel olarak da Osman Turan’ın Büyük Selçuklulara ve Anadolu Selçuklulara bakışı değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde Anadolu Selçuklulara farklı bakış açıları, bu bakış açılarının temsil ettiği farklı milliyetçilik biçimlerin ışığında değerlendirilmekte ve tüm bu farklı yorumların kısmen birbirleriyle çatışsa da, tedrici olarak güçlenen modern Türk-ulus devletinin ideolojisinin yansımaları olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk tarihyazımı, Anadolu Selçukluları, Türk Milliyetçiliği 6 Sen bunu bilmesen de, altı yıllık sonra, hala, Günseli’ye....... 7
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