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Indonézia Útikalauz Indonézia Útikalauz Indonézia Útikalauz 1 TARTALOM Kiejtési tudnivalók ...................................................................................... 1 Általános tudnivalók .................................................................................. 4 Szumátra ............................................................................................................ 11 Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam ................................................................ 11 Észak-Szumátra .............................................................................................. 14 Nyugat-Szumátra ......................................................................................... 17 Riau ..................................................................................................................... 22 Riau-szigetcsoport ...................................................................................... 24 Dél-Szumátra ................................................................................................. 28 Jambi .................................................................................................................. 31 Bangka Belitung ............................................................................................ 34 Bengkulu .......................................................................................................... 37 Lampung .......................................................................................................... 39 Jáva ......................................................................................................................... 11 Banten ............................................................................................................... 43 Jakarta ................................................................................................................ 48 Nyugat-Jáva .................................................................................................... 52 Közép-Jáva ...................................................................................................... 56 Yogyakarta ...................................................................................................... 61 Kelet-Jáva ......................................................................................................... 66 Bali ........................................................................................................................... 71 Nusa Tenggara ............................................................................................... 11 Nyugat Nusa Tenggara ............................................................................ 79 Kelet Nusa Tenggara ............................................................................... 86 Kalimantan ....................................................................................................... 11 Nyugat-Kalimantan (Nyugat-Borneó) .............................................. 91 Közép-Kalimantan (Közép-Borneó) .................................................. 99 Kelet-Kalimantan (Kelet-Borneó) ........................................................ 102 Dél-Kalimantan (Dél-Borneó) ............................................................... 105 Sulawesi .............................................................................................................. 11 Észak-Sulawesi (Észak-Celebesz) ......................................................... 109 Gorontalo ........................................................................................................ 114 Közép-Sulawesi (Közép-Celebesz) ................................................... 119 Dél-Sulawesi (Dél-Celebesz) ................................................................ 123 Nyugat-Sulawesi (Nyugat-Celebesz) ................................................ 130 Maluku ................................................................................................................. 11 Maluku .............................................................................................................. 135 Észak-Maluku ................................................................................................. 140 Pápua .................................................................................................................... 11 Pápua ................................................................................................................. 145 Nyugat-Pápua ............................................................................................... 150 Szálláshelyek .................................................................................................... 156 Utazási irodák ................................................................................................. 195 Közlekedés ........................................................................................................ 204 Indonéz nagykövetségek világszerte ............................................ 208 Külföldi külképviseletek Indonéziában ..................................... 216 Lagunagp, Resort és Spa – Nusa Dua, Bali 2 Indonézia Útikalauz Indonézia Útikalauz 3 INDONÉZIA 4 Indonézia Útikalauz Indonézia Útikalauz 5 TUDNIVALÓK Kiejtési tudnivalók A könyvben a magyar nyelvben már meghonosodott , ékezetes elnevezéseket használjuk az egyes szigetek megnevezésekor (pl. Szumátra, Jáva). Kivételt képez- nek ezalól azon szigetek nevei, melyek indonéz és magyar elnevezései nagyon különböznek egymástól. Ezekben az esetekben a közkeletű magyar elnevezése- ket zárójelben jelezzük a fejezetek elején (pl. Borneó, Celebesz), de az indonéz elnevezést használjuk a szövegben. A többi földrajzi elnevezést indonéz nyelven hagytuk. Ezen földrajzi elnevezések kiejtéséhez az alábbi szabályokat érdemes fi gyelembe venni: /a/ ...........................................................................................................................á /j/ ....................................................................................................................... dzs /c/ ......................................................................................................................... cs /ny/ ...................................................................................................................... ny /s/ .......................................................................................................................... sz /y/ ............................................................................................................................j wwwwwwwLagunaHagyományos nyomott Resort és mintás Spa – Nusatextil Dua, (batik) Bali 6 Indonézia Útikalauz Indonézia Útikalauz 7 Általános tudnivalók Éghajlat A szigetország éghajlata trópusi: júniustól szeptemberig a keleti monszun szá- raz, míg a nyugati monszun decembertől márciusig nedves levegőt hoz, de a két évszak között i átmeneti periódusban is előfordulnak nagyobb esők. Az esők ellenére a nyugati monszun középső szakaszában is 21 és 33 °C között van a hőmérséklet a magasabb fekvésű helyeket kivéve, amik természetesen jóval hűvösebbek. A leghevesebb esőzések ideje december és január. A levegő páratartalma 60-100%. Nyelvek és nyelvjárások A szigetvilág lakosságát alkotó mintegy 350 különböző népcsoport több mint 483 nyelvet illetve nyelvjárást beszél. A hivatalos nyelv, a Bahasa Indonesia latin betűs és európai helyesírási mintákat követ. Az angolt, mint elsődleges idegen nyelvet minden jelentős turistaövezetben beszélik és használják írásban. Nemzeti parkok A nemzeti parkokban megismerkedhetünk az egyedülállóan gazdag tengeri élővilággal, a Wallacea-régióban élő 28 ezer növényfajjal a kis méretű, ritka orchideáktól a hatalmas Raffl esia virágig, 3500 állatf ajjal, köztük Szumátra és Kalimantan kihalás veszélyeztett e orangutánjaival és a komodói óriásgyíkkal, a TUDNIVALÓK jávai orrszarvúval és Szumátra utolsó tigriseivel. Konyhaművészet Az indonéz konyha alapétele a nasi (rizs). Kelet-Indonézia egyes szigetein hagyo- mányosan a kukorica, a szágó, a kasszava vagy az édesburgonya a főtermény. A hal frissen, sózva, füstölve, szárítva vagy pástétomként is fontos része az étrendnek. A kókuszdió szintén mindenütt megtalálható, és amellett , hogy olajat készítenek be- lőle, a teje, vagyis fehér húsának kifacsart leve sokféle étel alkotórésze. A fűszerek és a csilipaprika jelentik az indonéz konyha lelkét, és egyes vidékeken, mint például Nyugat-Szumátrán és Észak-Sulawesin ugyancsak bőségesen használják őket. Min- den tartomány és régió sajátos konyhaművészett el – egymástól eltérő főzési-sütési módszerekkel és jellegzetes alapanyagokkal – rendelkezik. Az általános ízlést talán legjobban a jávai konyha testesíti meg: zöldségek, szójabab, marhahús, csirke alkot- ják főbb alapanyagait. Szumátrán fogyasztják a legtöbb marhahúsból készült ételt. Nyugat-Szumátra különösen híres padangi étt ermeiről, amik országszerte min- denütt megtalálhatók. A csípős, fűszeres ételek mellett ezek az étt ermek a sajátos felszolgálási stílusukról is könnyen felismerhetők. A keleti országrészben inkább a tenger gyümölcsei alkotják a mindennapi étkezés fontos alapanyagát akár gril- lezve, akár sűrű, fűszeres mártásban főzve. Bali, Nyugat-Pápua és Észak-Szumát- ra fennsíkjainak specialitásai a sertéshúsból készült ételek. Sertéshúst a kínai ét- termeken kívül felszolgálnak a nem muzulmán többségű régiók szinte minden étt ermében. Gazdag választékát találjuk egész évben a trópusi és szubtrópusi gyümölcsöknek, zöldségeknek.
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