DOCSLIB.ORG

1 TABLE of CONTENTS List of Abbreviations & Acronyms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 TABLE of CONTENTS List of Abbreviations & Acronyms TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations & Acronyms Acknowledgement Executive Summary Introduction Section I: Impact of Country and Health System Context 1.1 Geography and Climate 1.2 Demographic Situation 1.3 Socio-economic background 1.4 Federal administrative structure 1.5 Ethiopian National Health Policy 1.6 The Health System 1.7 Organization of the Health System 1.8 Health Care financing 1.9 Total Health Expenditures 1.10 Functional distribution of expenditures 1.11 Government planning budgeting and reporting process Section II Program Characteristics, Objectives and Strategies 2.1 Immunization Schedule 2.2 Supplemental Immunization Activities 2.3 Vaccine wastage 2.4 Future plan for EPI 2.5 The role of UN agencies and NGOS in the national immunization program Section III Pre-vaccine fund and vaccine fund year program costs and financing 3.1 Pre vaccine fund year (2001) expenditure and financing 3.2 Vaccine fund year (2003) expenditure and financing Section IV Future Resource Requirements and Program Financing / Gap Analysis 4.1 Projections of future program costs 4.2 Future financing for the immunization program, and funding gap analysis 4.3 Financial impact of selected alternative policy options to decrease program costs Section V Sustainable Financing Strategy, Actions and Indicators 5.1 Opportunities for financial sustainability: 5.2 Challenges of financial sustainability 5.3 Strategy for financial sustainability 5.3.1 Mobilizing additional resources 5.3.2 Increasing reliability of resources 5.3.3 Improving Program Efficiency 5.4 Action Plan, monitoring process and indicators for FSP 1 Tables and Illustrations Tables: Table 1.1: Total and per capita health expenditure by major source classifications, 2000 Table 2.1 The national EPI schedule. Table 3.1 Past EPI expenditure by cost categories, 2001 – 2003, in US $ Table 4.1 Future program costs by cost categories, 2004 - 2013 Table 4.2 Secure, and probable resources from different partners Table 5.1 Indicators for follow up of progress of implementation of the financial sustainability plan Figures Figure 1.1 Health care expenditure by source in Ethiopia Figure 1.2 Government health expenditure in Ethiopia Figure 1.3 Breakdown of PHC expenditures in Ethiopia Figure 2.1 Trends in immunization coverage in Ethiopia, 1996 - 2004 Figure 2.2 Routine immunization coverage by regions Figure 3.1 Program costs (US$ millions) by category for 2001 – 2003 in Ethiopia Figure 3.2 Financing sources for immunization in 2001 Figure 3.3 Financing sources for immunization in 2003 Figure 4.1 Projection of immunization costs by strategy, US$ millions, 2004 - 2013 Figure 4.2 Secure and probable financing for immunization, US$ millions, 2004 - 13 Figure 4.3 Impact on total program costs, and funding gap of different new vaccine policy options 2 Acknowledgements The Federal Ministry of Health would like to take this opportunity to thank all partners particularly, UNICEF, WHO and World Bank for their technical and financial support to develop the Financial Sustainability Planning for Ethiopia (FSP). We extend our gratitude to all ICC members and technical group of the national immunization program for their active participation in the development of this important document. 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms AD syringe Auto-Distract Syringe AEFI Adverse Effect Following Immunization AFP Acute Flaccid Paralysis BCG Bacillus Callmunt Guirine CDC Center for Diseases Control CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CHW Community Health Workers CMH Commission on Macroeconomics and Health CSA Central Statistic Authority DFID Department for International Development DPT Diphtheria Pertussis and Tetanus EFY Ethiopian Physical Year EPI Expanded Program on Immunization FSP Financial Sustainable Plan FMOH Federal Ministry of Health GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines GDP Gross Domestic Product HDI Human Development Index Hep B Hepatitis B HEP Health Extension Program HEW Health Extension Worker Hib Hemophilus Influenza type B HIV/AIDS Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HSDP Health Sector Development Program ICC Inter Agency Coordinating Committee IEC Information Education Communication JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MDGs Millennium Development Goals MNT Maternal Neonatal Tetanus MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MOH Ministry of Health NGOs Non Governmental Organizations NHA National Health Account NIDs National Immunization Days NIP National Immunization Program NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation OPV Oral Polio Vaccine PHCU Primary Health Care Unit RED Reaching Every District RHB Regional Health Bureaus SDPRP Sustainable Development Poverty Reduction paper SIAs Supplemental Immunization Activities SNIDs Sub- national Immunization Days SNNPR Southern Nations and Nationalities People SOS Sustainable Outreach Services TFR Total Fertility Rate TT Tetanus Toxoid UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization ZHB Zonal Health Bureau 4 Executive Summary Introduction In order to control vaccine preventable diseases, the World Health Organization and member countries including Ethiopia have established the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The Ethiopian EPI program was launched in 1980, with the objective to reach 100% coverage to all children under two by 1990. Progress in coverage has been slow and up know the Ethiopian EPI program has not achieved the target coverage. However, with the introduction of the two new approaches known as Reaching Every Districts (RED) and Sustainable Outreach Services (SOS) significant improvement has been documented in the last few years. Currently the national DPT3 coverage stands at 65%. The Health System The Ethiopian health system currently reaches about 61% of the population. There are too few facilities, particularly at the levels closest to the community, and there are long-term shortages of skilled human resources. The FMOH is responding to this recognized need through two major initiatives in the context of the Health Sector Development program: • A plan for expansion of primary health facilities and staff, which will raise health coverage to 85% by 2009. • The health extension program (HEP) institutionalizes the community health system. The Health Extension Workers (HEWs) are intended to be the main change agents for health in the community. Their primary task will be to mobilize and empower households and communities to take responsibility for their own health by involving them in the planning and execution of community health activities and services. HEWs, working with other community-based workers and supported by their local health center will be trained and equipped to provide a wide range of promotive and preventive services including provision of routine vaccines Health Care financing The health services in Ethiopia are financed from four main sources: • Government (both federal and regional) • Bilateral and multilateral donors (both grants and loans) • Non-governmental organizations, and • Private contributions, both from out-of-pocket payments and through private sector investment in health services The routine immunization program is funded primarily by the Government and partners like, UNICEF and Irish Aid. Whilst vaccines are financed by UNICEF and salaries by the government, funding for a number of other components such as cold chain equipment, transport, social mobilization and some operational costs have been made available by WHO and other donor agencies under the Polio eradication initiative. 5 Program characteristics, objectives and strategies The overall aim of the immunization program is to improve the quality and coverage of national immunization services. The Ethiopian EPI program focuses mainly on four objectives: • Strengthening the immunization system: strengthen and optimize the delivery of sustainable, quality immunization services by increasing DPT3/ measles coverage to 95% by 2009. • Introduction of new vaccines: it is planned to introduce Hepatitis B vaccine as monovalent in 2005-2006 and Hib vaccine as pentavalent in 2007. The target is to achieve 95% coverage by 2009. • Minimizing vaccine wastage: the wastage rate should be properly calculated and minimized by focusing on accurate forecasting and proper stock management, effective cold chain system and improvement in the ratio of children to vials opened. • Accelerated disease control: accelerate effort to achieve polio eradication, measles control/ elimination, and neonatal tetanus elimination. Ethiopia has a five year EPI plan which was developed in 2001. The prime focus of the plan was to increase the coverage by 5% annually, and likewise decrease the vaccine wastage rate. Trends in immunization coverage in Ethiopia, 1996 - 2004 75 70 65 60 55 BCG 50 % DPT3 45 Measles 40 35 30 25 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 * 2004 Year Supplemental Immunization Activities To reach the remote zones of the country and to synergize the routine immunization activity, supplemental immunization was introduced in 1996. Supplemental immunization was designed mainly for Polio and Measles and since 1999 SIA for MNT was also started. Note : * 2004 annualized report 6 Vaccine wastage Vaccine wastage is a problem in Ethiopia. At present the wastage rate is more than 65% for BCG, 30% for measles, 20% for DPT, 15% for OPV and 10% for TT. It is due to poor planning of static and out reach
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enhancing Resilience in the Horn of Africa
    Derek Headey and Adam Kennedy 13–14 DECEMBER 2011 | WASHINGTON, DC ® IFPRI A member of the CGIAR Consortium ABOUT USAID Since 1961, USAID has been the principal U.S. agency to extend assistance to countries recovering from disaster, trying to escape poverty, and engaging in democratic reforms. U.S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America’s interests while improving lives in the developing world. The Agency carries out U.S. foreign policy by promoting human progress at the same time it expands stable, free so- cieties, creates markets and trade partners for the United States, and fosters good will abroad. Spending less than one-half of 1 percent of the federal budget, USAID works in over 100 countries to: promote economic prosperity; strengthen democracy and good governance; improve global health, food security, environmental sustainability and education; help societies prevent and recover from conflicts; and provide humanitarian assistance in the wake of natural and man-made disasters. ABOUT IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) was established in 1975 to identify and analyze alternative national and international strategies and policies for meeting food needs of the developing world on a sustainable basis, with particular emphasis on low-income countries and on the poorer groups in those countries. While the research effort is geared to the precise objective of contributing to the reduction of hunger and malnutrition, the factors involved are many and wide-ranging, requiring analysis of underlying processes and extending beyond a narrowly defined food sector. The Institute’s research program reflects worldwide collaboration with governments and private and public institutions interested in increasing food production and improving the equity of its distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining the Allideghi Grassland of Ethiopia: Influences of Pastoralism and Vegetation Change
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2009 Sustaining the Allideghi Grassland of Ethiopia: Influences of Pastoralism and Vegetation Change Almaz Tadesse Kebede Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Kebede, Almaz Tadesse, "Sustaining the Allideghi Grassland of Ethiopia: Influences of Pastoralism and Vegetation Change" (2009). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 309. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/309 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUSTAINING THE ALLIDEGHI GRASSLAND OF ETHIOPIA: INFLUENCES OF PASTORALISM AND VEGETATION CHANGE by Almaz Tadesse Kebede A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Range Science Approved: D. Layne Coppock John A. Bissonette Major Professor Committee Member Eugene W. Schupp Patricia D. Moehlman Committer Member Committee Member Fredrick D. Provenza R. Douglas Ramsey Committee Member Committee Member _________________________ Byron Burnham Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2009 ii Copyright © Almaz Tadesse Kebede 2009 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Sustaining the Allideghi Grassland of Ethiopia: Influences of Pastoralism and Vegetation Change by Almaz Tadesse Kebede, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2009 Major Professor: Dr. D. Layne Coppock Department: Wildland Resources The Allideghi Wildlife Reserve in the Amibara District of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, has international significance for harboring endangered Grevy’s Zebra and other wildlife dependent on grasslands.
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health
    Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFELTP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By: Natnael Teferi Dejene Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology June, 2019 Addis Ababa | P a g e 1.Page Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFELTP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By: Natnael Teferi Dejene Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology Advisors: Dr. Negussie Deyessa Dr. Girma Taye ii | P a g e [email protected] AAU/SPH_EFE L TP ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By: Natnael Teferi Dejene Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFELTP) School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Approval by Examining Board ___________________ ___________________ Chairman, School Graduate Committee ___________________ ___________________ Advisor ___________________ ___________________ Examiner ___________________ ___________________ Examiner iii | P a g e [email protected] AAU/SPH_EFE L TP Acknowledgement I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Almighty God for his invaluable and never-ending support and beneficent me all the way of life. There are many contributors those were directly or indirectly participated in the fruitfulness of this document starting from individuals to institutions and organizations. First I want to thank Dr. Negussie Deyessa and Dr Girma Taye for their constant support and wealth of helpful suggestions and advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining & Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa
    Explaining & Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Towards a Cultural Theory of Democracy L. Adele Jinadu Claude Ake Memorial Papers No. 1 Department of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala University & Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala 1 © 2007 L. Adele Jinadu, DPCR, NAI ISSN 1654-7489 ISBN 978-91-506-1981-2 Printed in Sweden by Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2007 Distributed by the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University & the Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala Phone (DPCR) +46 18 471 76 52; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 00 Fax (DPCR) +46 18 69 51 02; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 90 E-mail (DPCR) [email protected]; (NAI) [email protected] www.pcr.uu.se; www.nai.uu.se 2 The Claude Ake Visiting Chair A Claude Ake Visiting Chair was set up in 2003 at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR), Uppsala University, in collaboration with the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI), also in Uppsala. Funding was provided from the Swedish Government, through the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Chair was established to honour the memory of Professor Claude Ake, distinguished scholar, philosopher, teacher, activist and human- ist, tragically killed in a plane crash near Lagos, Nigeria, in 1996. The holders of the Claude Ake Visiting Chair give, at the end of their stay in Uppsala, a public lecture, entitled the ‘Claude Ake Memorial Lecture.’ While the title, thematic and content of the lecture is up to the holder, the assumption is that the topic of the lecture shall, in a general sense, relate the work of the holder to the work of Claude Ake, for example in terms of themes or issues covered, or in terms of theoretical or normative points of departure.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Communities from Forest Systems in Ethiopia Comunidades Fúngicas Procedentes De Sistemas Forestales En Etiopía
    ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION/ TESIS DOCTORAL Fungal communities from forest systems in Ethiopia Comunidades fúngicas procedentes de sistemas forestales en Etiopía Presentada por Tatek Dejene Bekele para optar al grado de doctor por la Universidad de Valladolid Dirigida por: Dr. Pablo Martín-Pinto Dr. Juan Andrés Oria-de-Rueda Acknowledgement Acknowledgement “In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight”. Proverbs 3: 6. I owe my deepest respect and humble gratitude to the almighty God, for making things possible in my life. I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Dr. Pablo Martín Pinto who guided and channeled me towards the most important theme of my research topics. This thesis also would not have been possible without him. His excellent advice, support and friendship have been invaluable on both an academic and a personal level, for which I am extremely grateful. Equally thanked is Professor Dr. Juan Andrés Oria-de-Rueda for his valuable advice, repeated guidance and encouragement to aspire more and high in all the work for this thesis. The Erasmus Mundus-Dream project has kindly granted me the PhD scholarship for which I am humbly most indebted. I am also highly indebted to the University of Valladolid for hosting me, for the academic and technical supports which have been very indispensable. I also express my gratitude to the Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute for all sorts of assistance and hospitality during my study. All support that I received from the Ethiopian Environment and Forestry Research Institute (EEFRI) and Central Ethiopia Forestry Research Center (CEFRC) is sincerely acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Causes of Malnutrition in Ethiopia a Contribution to the Formulation of a National Nutrition Strategy for Ethiopia
    An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia A contribution to the formulation of a National Nutrition Strategy for Ethiopia Chapter 1: The Importance of Improving Nutrition for Sustainable Development in Ethiopia.................................................................................1 by Todd Benson Chapter 2: The Basic Causes of Malnutrition in Ethiopia.......................................9 by Solomon Bellete Chapter 3: Food Security and Malnutrition in Ethiopia.........................................33 by Demese Chanyalew Chapter 4: Care and Malnutrition in Ethiopia.........................................................75 by Tefera Belachew Chapter 5: Health Services, a Healthy Environment, and Malnutrition in Ethiopia.....................................................................................................131 by Ayele Gebremariam, Abera Kumie, Damene Hailemariam, & Fikru Tesfaye Chapter 6: Institutional Framework of Nutrition Interventions in Ethiopia ......163 by Eleonora Genovese edited by Todd Benson International Food Policy Research Institute Washington, DC, USA November 2005 FOREWORD Although efforts were made several times since the mid-1980s to formulate a National Nutrition Strategy (NNS) for Ethiopia , none was ever adopted by the national government. Without a strategy and without institutional leadership to guide and coordinate efforts to address malnutrition, isolated, piecemeal efforts across various programs resulted. This situation created ambiguity in the objectives of such efforts
    [Show full text]
  • Juggling Agendas: Circus in Ethiopia Llewellyn, Leah
    Juggling agendas: circus in Ethiopia Llewellyn, Leah Citation Llewellyn, L. (2011). Juggling agendas: circus in Ethiopia. s.n., s.l. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18565 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18565 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 2011 Juggling Agendas: Circus in Ethiopia Research Master’s Thesis by Leah Olwen Llewellyn African Studies Centre: Leiden University Supervised by Jan Abbink, Azeb Amha and Daniela Merolla Dedicated to Girum Kelemu for his talent and commitment to Ethiopian circus and his valuable friendship. 2 | Leah Llewellyn Abbreviations AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. BBC: British Broadcasting Company. CAMA: Creation of Alternative Methods for Advocacy and Awareness. CIE: Circus in Ethiopia for Youth and Social Development. CNN: Cable News Network. EATI: East African Theatre Institute. EDA: Emmanuel Development Association. EPLF: Eritrean People‟s Liberation Front. EPRDF: Ethiopian People‟s Revolutionary Democratic Front. Fig: Illustrated figures are listed after the list of references. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. NGOs: Non-governmental organisations. NOVIB: Dutch Branch of Oxfam International OAU: Organisation of African Unity. SIDA: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. TPLF: Tigrayan People‟s Liberation Front. UNICEF: United Nations Children‟s Fund. USAID: United States Agency for International Development. 3 | Leah Llewellyn Acknowledgements This research could not have been undertaken without the unconditional love and support of my family. Their faith in my ability and their passion for performance has always been a rich source of inspiration. I have been born into a world surrounded by creative and talented individuals, to whom I am eternally grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • Privatisation of State Owned Enterprises in Ethiopia Since 1991
    Helpdesk Report Privatisation of State Owned Enterprises in Ethiopia since 1991 Zenobia Ismail University of Birmingham 26 June 2018 Question What State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) or sectors were privatised in Ethiopia during the 1990s? What were the reasons for privatisation and the impact of privatisation for the SOEs or sectors? Contents 1. Overview 2. Background 3. Causes of privaitsation 4. Scope and modalities of privatisation 5. Impact of privatisation 6. Outlook for further privatisation 7. References The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk-based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact [email protected]. 1. Summary After decades of socialist rule under the Derg regime, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) adopted market reforms including privatisation of state owned enterprises (SoEs) in 1991. This is a historic literature review, which traces the causes, scale, modalities and impact of the privatisation programme. The literature on the early privatisation programme is sparse, covers different time periods and uses different sources of data from the Ethiopian Privatisation Agency and the World Bank as well as estimates based on econometric analysis of data from industry surveys.
    [Show full text]
  • Leonardo R. Arriola Assistant Professor Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley [email protected]
    ETHNIC PROTEST IN ETHIOPIA: THE POLITICS OF MOBILIZATION AND POLICING IN OROMIA REGION Leonardo R. Arriola Assistant Professor Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Draft: May 2009 Abstract: This paper examines protests that erupted in the Oromia region of Ethiopia after the disputed 2005 parliamentary elections. Using the logic of an informational cascade model, I argue that the public revelation of political cleavages among ethnic Oromo affected the decisions made by would-be protesters, thereby influencing the duration of protests at the district level. Data based on unpublished government records are used in negative binomial regression analyses to show that a larger number of effective parties at the district level significantly reduced the number of protest days. I further show that the government’s deployment of federal police to select districts served to prolong protests through a spiral of violence between ethnic Oromo protesters and non-Oromo police. This is a work in progress. Please do not cite or quote without permission of the author. Comments are welcome. 1. Introduction Protests erupted in Ethiopia on 1 November 2005 after the Ethiopian People’s Democratic Revolutionary Front (EPRDF) and opposition parties failed to reach an accord on the composition of a new parliament based on disputed election results. Violence broke out when opposition supporters demonstrating against the ruling party’s alleged vote rigging were confronted by state security forces on the streets of Addis Ababa and towns across the country.1 While attention was focused at the time on protests in the capital, where tens of thousands were detained in a matter of weeks,2 far less is known or understood about the protests in the region of Oromia, the country’s largest and most populous state.
    [Show full text]
  • Education and Training in Ethiopia: an Evaluation of Approaching EFA Goals Institute for Educational Research Working Papers 23
    Johanna Lasonen Raija Kemppainen Kolawole Raheem Education and Training in Ethiopia: An Evaluation of Approaching EFA Goals Institute for Educational Research Working Papers 23 EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN ETHIOPIA: AN EVALUATION OF APPROACHING EFA GOALS Johanna Lasonen, Raija Kemppainen and Kolawole Raheem THIS PUBLICATION CAN BE OBTAINED FROM: Institute for Educational Research Customer services P.O. Box 35 FIN–40014 University of Jyväskylä Phone + 358 14 260 3220 Fax + 358 14 260 3241 E-mail: [email protected] www: http://ktl.jyu.fi/ © Johanna Lasonen, Raija Kemppainen, Kolawole Raheem and Institute for Educational Research, University of Jyväskylä Cover: Martti Minkkinen Layout: Jouni Sojakka ISSN 1239-4742 ISBN 951-39-2219-7 (Nid.) ISBN 951-39-2220-0 (Pdf) Printed by Jyväskylä University Press Jyväskylä, Finland 2005 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 4 Yhteenveto .................................................................................................................... 6 Summary....................................................................................................................... 9 Preface ..................................................................................................................... 12 1 History and Demographics of Ethiopia .................................................................. 14 2 Background of the Education Sector .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • HIV/AIDS and Associated Diseases Sensitized Girls = Healthy Generation
    S ensitization a n d M obilization o n H IV/A IDS HIV/AIDS and Associated Diseases XVth Annual Conference and Workshop of the BSE February 25-26, 2005 Addis Ababa Sensitized Girls = Healthy Generation Sensitization Workshops on HIV/AIDS and College Girls n November 06, 2004 and July 16, 2005 Addis Ababa . ■ In* • iciiUurai R. tse r .fi CsniruJ LIBRARY ‘T’C TC K'ih'b-'t't'l' n.+ Organized by ThcFBfotogical Society of Ethiopia % In Collaboration with UNFPA, Addis Ababa University, Kotebe College of Teachers’ Education, Awoliya College, Central Health College, Queens College, Unity University College Edited by Seyoum Mengistou Ensermu Kelbessa Mekuria Lakew S ensitization a n d M obilization on h i v /AIDS HIV/AIDS and Associated Diseases XVth Annual Conference and Workshop of the BSE February 25-26, 2005 Addis Ababa Sensitized Girls = Healthy Generation Sensitization Workshops on HIV/AIDS and College Girls November 06, 2004 and July 16, 2005 Addis Ababa Organized by The Biological Society of Ethiopia In Collaboration with UNFPA, Addis Ababa University, Kotebe College of Teachers1 Education, Awoliya College, Central Health College, Queens College, Unity University College Edited by Seyoum Mengistou Ensermu Kelbessa Mekuria Lakew BSE (2005). Sensitization and Mobilization on HIV/AIDS 1. HIV/AIDS and Associated Diseases: Proceedings of a National Workshop at the XV‘h Annual Conference, Feb. 25-26, 2005. 2. Sensitized Girls = Healthy Generation: Proceedings of Sensitization Workshops on HIV/AIDS, Nov. 06, 2004 and Jul. 16, 2005. The Biological
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Decentralization and Negotiating Statehood in Urban Ethiopia: a Case Study of Adama and Hawassa Cities
    Ethnic Decentralization and Negotiating Statehood in Urban Ethiopia: A Case Study of Adama and Hawassa Cities Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel Von Demissie Ferdissa Bekele Von Äthiopien Nov. 2019, Basel, Switzerland Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel, auf Antrag von: Professor Dr. Laurent Goetsche Ass. Prof. Asnake Kefale Dr. Didier Péclard Basel, 26.November 2014 Die Dekanin Prof. Dr. Barbara Schellewald STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR I hereby declare that the thesis contains no materials accepted for other degrees in any other institutions, or for other purposes. It contains no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgements are made in the form of reference. Preface This study examines the implementation of ethnic decentralization in Ethiopia and its effects on state-society and inter-society relationships in urban areas of the country. My interest in state and its effects on society grew out of a cumulative personal experience that goes back to my childhood days. One of these relates to my family background. I am from a family who fought both for and against the foundation of the modern Ethiopian state. On the one hand, my mother’s grandfather, Bareda Dhuga, was a prominent local balabbat1 from the upper Gibe river region who in collaboration with the conquering forces of Menelik II2 confronted the Italians at the battle of Adwa in 1896. In participating and sacrificing his life in the war, he contributed not only to the foundation of the country but also he inherited his family the right of ownership to land, which was decidedly meaningful to the life of the Ethiopian society in economic and social terms.
    [Show full text]