DOCSLIB.ORG

4º Seminário De Relações Internacionais Da Associação Brasileira De Relações Internacionais (ABRI)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
4º Seminário De Relações Internacionais Da Associação Brasileira De Relações Internacionais (ABRI) 4º Seminário de Relações Internacionais da Associação Brasileira de Relações Internacionais (ABRI) 27 a 28 de setembro de 2018 na UNILA – Foz do Iguaçu Área Temática: 05. Segurança Internacional, Estudos Estratégicos e Política de Defesa OS LIMITES DA SEGURANÇA INTERNACIONAL NAS FRONTEIRAS BRASILEIRAS Nome: Maurício Kenyatta Barros da Costa Doutorando CNPq pelo Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de Brasília, pesquisador do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Segurança Internacional da UnB (GEPSI-UnB) e, no momento de produção desse artigo, assistente de pesquisa no Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA). Resumo: Esse artigo busca rediscutir as percepções brasileiras de segurança internacional, tendo como base a perspectiva local. Nesse sentido, o local abordado será a fronteira brasileira, marginalizada no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e político do país, mas, historicamente, importante para a defesa da soberania da nação. Nesse sentido, nos basearemos no conceito e na prática de transnacionalidade aplicada às dinâmicas de segurança fronteiriça para contrastar os limites da agenda de segurança internacional brasileira, mas também das próprias abordagens centrais desse campo de estudos. Nos utilizaremos o método de “Process Tracing” para trabalhar com os dados obtidos. O artigo será organizado em três seções: 1) as abordagens centrais no campo da segurança internacional, a perspectiva brasileira e a abordagem local das fronteiras; 2) em que medida o local (da fronteira) é apropriado ou excluído das abordagens centrais e da brasileira; 3) a institucionalização de percepções de segurança e defesa na UNASUL: uma alternativa sul-americana e a concepção regional de local. Essa discussão nos permitirá verificar em que medida as abordagens centras da Segurança Internacional nos permitem lidar com os desafios securitários brasileiros e se nossa própria estratégia está adequada. A UNASUL será utilizada enquanto contraponto para o desenho de um panorama mais abrangente da segurança sul-americana com o intuito de iluminar novas possibilidades regionais, que incluam concepções locais, para os desafios securitários que afetam as fronteiras brasileiras e os demais países da região. Palavras-chave: Fronteira, Segurança Internacional, Brasil, Defesa. 1. BRAZILIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE: APPROPRIATIONS OF THE LOCAL The Brazilian Strategic Culture is formed by multiple features, some of them related to appropriations of local, which is possible to detect by tracing a genealogy of the idea of border in International Relations and correlated areas of knowledge production, encompassing theoretical approaches, concepts, ideas, designs and actions. A genealogy of border idea Border ideas in International Relations are multiple and diverse, going well beyond the simple delimitation between national spaces. We can say the transformations of the boundary concept follow not only the practical and cartographic developments, but also the evolution of multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge. Moreover, existing perceptions and classifications depends on the political thought or the analytic lens adopted, as well as on the historical context to which they refer (PAASI, 1996; HOUTUM, 2005; MORACZEWSKA, 2010). At the beginning, border notions were known as a front idea, a separation between two organized groups or communities, usually marking the preexisting cultural and civilizational differences. These delimitations were not fixed and were sustained by the force available in these communities to protect their lands. The front would be conformed from the line of defense punctuated of fortifications or walls directed to the protection of a certain collectivity, according to a defensive system against barbarians’ attacks (FURQUIM JUNIOR, 2007; FERRARI, 2014). From the emergence of modern structure of State and Nation-State, artificial boundaries or cartographically established limits gain relevance. In this case, border landmarks would be nailed to the ground with the intention of creating an imaginary line, with the practical effect of constitute a legal control line of a Nation-State. Borders are formally created by a long process of political and diplomatic negotiations aimed at pacifying the understanding of the end and the beginning of a political-territorial domain. Later territorial and political talks, a joint territorial demarcation commission is formed to place landmarks along the territory to determine borders. In a complementary way, diplomacy and national governments rely on the so-called natural border to refer to the existence of a vital space belonging to a nation, people or community, even before it was established and developed there. As Magnoli (1997, p.17) remembers, "natural boundaries anchor the nation in its own physical geographic reality making it prior to men and history." 1 In a border region, cities, populations and individuals are engulfed by dynamics of centrifugal and centripetal forces that establishes a biosocial interface. By representing both the resistance of state to assert its nationality and the plan of contact between different systems or sets of believes, where use to happen many original phenomena and the influence of "them" on "us", it creates social particularisms of inhabited border areas (RAFFESTIN, 1993, p.165-167; FERRARI, 2014; MACHADO, 1998, p.41-42; MACHADO, 2005, p. 260). Borders as an area of political action refers to a territorial portion of public power, where established authorities can implement programs and joint actions between nationalities and subnationalities and jurisdictions and domestic policies of each country are applied. Border strips include twin cities, which are linked by geographic proximity, and may or may not generate cultural and cooperative approaches (ALVES, 2015). Border as a link of regional integration absorbs processes of interdependence, regionalization and globalization, creating a zone of transnationality which is subject to a series of local and international influences that reconfigure this divided space. It is thus distinguished from the classical meaning of division between groups from the relation of identity / otherness and the classical conception of national territory. Border as an intersubjective space of interaction engender through social and cultural linkage a distinct identity, which reciprocally incorporate habits, customs, values and idiomatic expressions to people living in these areas, distinguishing them in a certain way from those ones in central cities of the country and approaching them by their proper way of interacting from those ones in the political community on the other side of the border, which allows the occurrence of true cross-border societies (SILVA, 2008; FARRET, 1997). Berta Becker (2006, p. 57) reminds us that each side of borderland has different cultural, social, economic, political and demographic structures, at the same time “places of instability and mutability, where reactions and conflicts of different natures can arise”, ranging from group and individual aspirations of local populations to external pressures. To think international relations locally is to acknowledge border as a symbol of social construction that acquires specific qualities (symbolic meanings) by dealing with imaginary, spiritual and immaterial flows and representations, concomitantly inclusive and exclusive in relation to shared values, habits and customs. Border as a locus of concern is filled with negative references in order to reach elites perceptions and collective mentalities. On one hand, it is seen as an inhospitable and empty place, a void of anarchy where incivility, violence and permissiveness reign. On the other hand, it marks the idea of nation established by a national ethos responsible in creating a universe of otherness. That is, a focus for the upsurge of nationalism, for the outbreak of xenophobic movements, of 2 subjection and prejudice against the other, the foreigner; environment of confrontation and conflict, survival of the state of nature, fragmentation and imprisonment. Indeed, borders could be seen as special places where turbulence does acts on the horizon of the global international society, spreading ideas, contaminating minds and influencing political agendas. In Badies’ words (2005, p. 12), “que tout le monde puisse aujourd’hui communiquer avec tout le monde tend à affaiblir les frontières ou, en tout cas, a les dotes d’une signification nouvelle”. The symbolic and the tangible meet themselves when borderlands turns into a permissive place for circulation of transnational illicit acts of all kinds, playing against regional stability and affecting agents resolve of ordering global international society. As Procopio (2000, p. 107) exemplifies, the "versatility of the narcotics trade" defines it as a global problem, but it is locally understandable by dealing with the dynamics of transnational organized crime and illegal crime in the Amazon. In the same way, border can be understood as a space of diversity denoting peculiar places, representative of a diversity of cultures, languages, creeds, habits, customs and values in general, defined by a mixture of racial and ethnic identities that engage and connect proper and unique dynamics of alliance and solidarity, of integration and approximation, which catalyze and sustain political conciliation movements. According to Adam Watson (2004, p. 480), "multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism are defining civilizational aspects, which can contribute to think of accepted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Workshop Indigenous Urbanisation
    Workshop: Indigenous Urbanisation in Latin America Sheffield, March 21st 2019 - CONTENTS - INFO PROGRAMME PAPERS: Law 11.645/08: implementation of indigenous history and Gudrun Klein, culture in non-indigenous school curricula University of Manchester Ciclo Sagrado de Mulheres: Indigenous Feminist Activism Jennifer Chisholm, University of Cambridge Urban and indigenous in the Americas: Connecting North Desiree Poets, and South in Abya Yala Virginia Tech Urbanisation and indigenous identity in Rural Andean Jonathan Alderman, Bolivia ILAS, University of London Envisioning gender, indigeneity and urban change in La Kate Maclean, Paz, Bolivia Birkbeck, University of London Indigenous Rights to the City: Conflicting realities in Bolivia Philipp Horn, and Ecuador University of Sheffield Capitalising indigeneity or indigenous capitalism? Angus McNelly, Queen Mary, University of London From sateré-mawé villages to urban “family homes”: Ana Luisa Sertã, gender, indigeneity and homemaking in the city of Manaus, Birkbeck, University Brazil of London Within and against indigeneity: narratives of social and Aiko Ikemura Amaral, spatial mobility amongst Bolivian market women in São University of Essex Paulo, Brazil - Indigenous Urbanisation in Latin America - Latin America is characterised by profound ethno-racial divisions which are also manifested in space. Since the colonial conquest, the Latin American city was associated with a specific group of inhabitants – ‘whites’ or people of ‘mixed blood’ – who were granted citizenship rights. In contrast, the countryside was conceived of as the space of the 'Other', home to the ‘non-white’ indigenous, ethno-racially mixed or black population. These groups were denied actual citizenship and excluded from the imagery of the ‘modern’ and ‘developed’ city. Such strict ethno-racial rural-urban divides could never be fully sustained.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivian Immigrant Men Living in the Central Area of the Municipality of São Paulo: Housing and Health Situation
    Bolivian immigrant men living in the central area of the municipality of São Paulo: housing and health situation Homens imigrantes bolivianos residentes na zona central do município de São Paulo: situação de moradia e saúde Hogares imigrantes bolivianos residentes en la zona central del municipio de São Paulo: situação de moradia e saúde Felipe Abrahão1, Robson da Costa Oliveira1, Maria Cecília Leite de Moraes2, Anderson Reis de Sousa3 How to cite: Abrahão F, Oliveira RC, Moraes MCL, Sousa AR. Bolivian immigrant men living in the central area of the municipality of São Paulo: housing and health situation. REVISA. 2020; 9(1): 97-108. Doi: https://doi.org/10.36239/revisa.v9.n1.p97a108 RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer e descrever a situação de vida e moradia de homens imigrantes bolivianos residentes no centro da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Método: Estudo quanti-qualitativo de corte transversal constituído através da aplicação de um questionário e a realização de entrevistas individuais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 50 homens, junto a três instituições que atendem imigrantes bolivianos, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Para análise dos dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os dados quantitativos foram organizados e agrupados em tabelas. Resultados: Os imigrantes bolivianos pesquisados são jovens (58%), com idades até 30 anos, com ensino médio de formação escolar (88%), de raça/cor autoreferida branca (56%) e trabalham no segmento de confecções. Quanto as condições de moradia, os homens dividem as instalações do quarto com outras pessoas (96%) e 98% dividem a cozinha. O cuidado da casa encontra- se sob a responsabilidade de mulheres (50%), e já cursaram com adoecimento após sua chegada ao Brasil (74%), tendo o desconforto abdominal como principal fator, seguidos de problemas dentários, infecções alimentares.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentina and Brazil: the Clothing Sector and the Bolivian Migration Cibele Saliba Rizek, Isabel Georges, Carlos Freire
    Argentina and Brazil: the clothing sector and the Bolivian migration Cibele Saliba Rizek, Isabel Georges, Carlos Freire This paper aims to point out significant signs of change in migration patterns in the context of globalization, which can be seen especially in the case of Bolivian immigration into Brazil (São Paulo) and Argentina (Buenos Aires). Both in Brazil and in Argentina, the specific significance of Bolivian immigration lies in its difference in relation to “classic” immigration processes in as much as the country has had an important history of assimilation of immigration waves from Europe and Japan since the 19th Century. With the influence of the “Chinese cost/prices” in the clothing sector as from the 1990‟s, the existing pattern seems to have been replaced by a new one in line with the periods of formation of industrial labour. In their more recent formation, migratory courses seem to have altered. Migration often occurs with the mediation of family networks in the country of arrival with migrants working in bad conditions in the clothing sector where they also live forming a set of elements that lead us to see this kind of work as informal and often illegal. However, in spite of the similarities in the production reorganization processes, especially in the clothing sector in both countries – Brazil and Argentina, recent migrants from Bolivia (as well as from Asian countries, such as Korea) encounter on arrival different realities and difficulty in entering the job market: these “ethnic” group‟s activities in Brazil are highly focused on the clothing sector in their domiciles, often carried out within family immigration networks, or work in sweat shops belonging to previous immigration groups, such as the Koreans; in Argentina, job inclusion is more diversified with part of workers finding themselves in a situation similar to that of the clothing sector in Brazil while others opt for domestic or farming work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reality of Bolivian Immigrants in the Cities of Buenos Aires and São Paulo
    Two Little Bolivias: The reality of Bolivian immigrants in the cities of Buenos Aires and São Paulo Leticia Satie Bermudes Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of Anthropology COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ABSTRACT Two Little Bolivias: The reality of Bolivian immigrants in the cities of Buenos Aires and São Paulo. Leticia Satie Bermudes Over the last two decades, Bolivian migration inside South America has had two main destinations: Buenos Aires (Argentina) and São Paulo (Brazil). There is a long tradition of Bolivian migration to Buenos Aires, however, in the late twentieth century São Paulo has also became attractive because of Argentina’s economic crisis and Brazil’s impressive development. The central part of this thesis presents vast information about the formation and daily lives of these two Little Bolivias, including both socioeconomic and sociocultural aspects of the two immigrant groups, with the objective of giving the reader a comparative understanding of both scenarios. The issues of assimilation are a fundamental part of this thesis since the capacity of making its way to be assimilated together with the receptiveness of the host societies are the conditions that propitiate a debate about the future of these Bolivian collectivities in Buenos Aires and São Paulo. Hence, this thesis aims to make an innovative comparative analysis of the contemporary realities of Bolivian immigrants in both cities, looking for similarities and differences, trying to understand the unfolding of each process, and the experiences of adaptation and cultural assimilation in two of the most referential cities in South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Dorian Lee Jackson 2015
    Copyright by Dorian Lee Jackson 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Dorian Lee Jackson Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Other Side: An Alternate Approach to the Narconarratives of Bolivia, Colombia, and Brazil Committee: Lorraine Moore, Supervisor Gabriela Polit Dueñas, Co-Supervisor Ominiyi Afolabi Héctor Domínguez-Ruvalcaba Maria Helena Rueda The Other Side: An Alternate Approach to the Narconarratives of Bolivia, Colombia, and Brazil by Dorian Lee Jackson, BBA, MA Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family. Thank you Heidi, Theresa, Elise, Mom, Daddy, Bhavi, Kim, and Rick for always believing in me. I love you all. Acknowledgements I’ve always believed in the notion that going to graduate school and writing a dissertation goes beyond a singular project and is more about building a lifetime community of friends and colleagues. Completing this project has reaffirmed that assertion for me. First and foremost, I recognize the tireless work of my supervisors in this project: Dr. Gabriela Polit Dueñas and Dr. Lorraine Moore. Without their guidance, knowledge, and patience, this project would not have been possible. I offer my sincerest thanks to the both of you. I would also like to recognize my other committee members for their support and contributions. Thank you to Ominiyi Afolabi, Héctor Domínguez-Ruvalcaba, and Maria Helena Rueda. Additionally, I would like to thank my professors at The University of Georgia for their continued support throughout the years and for introducing me to the world of Brazilian literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection Among Bolivian Immigrants in the City of São Paulo, Brazil
    70 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 112(1): 70-74, January 2017 Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil Expedito JA Luna1/+, Celia R Furucho2, Rubens A Silva3, Dalva M Wanderley3, Noemia B Carvalho2, Camila G Satolo4, Ruth M Leite5, Cassio Silveira6, Lia MB Silva2, Fernando M Aith7, Nivaldo Carneiro Jr6, Maria A Shikanai-Yasuda8 1Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 3Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Centro de Saúde Escola Prof Alexandre Vranjac, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 5Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 6Faculdade de Ciências Medicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Social, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 7Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 8Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil With the urbanisation of the population in developing countries and the process of globalisation, Chagas has become an emerging disease in the urban areas of endemic and non-endemic countries. In 2006, it was estimated that the prevalence of Chagas disease among the general Bolivian population was 6.8%. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Bolivian immigrants living in São Paulo, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • New Spaces of Belonging: Soccer Teams of Bolivian Migrants in São Paulo, Brazil
    New spaces of belonging: Soccer teams of Bolivian migrants in São Paulo, Brazil Julia Haß and Stephanie Schütze Resumo: Pretende-se analisar a formação de espaços de pertencimento no contexto do futebol amador de imigrantes latino-americanas em São Paulo. A criação de times de futebol amador por imigrantes latino- americanos é um fenômeno muito comum em cidades globais. O Brasil tem sido um país central de destino de migrações nas últimas três décadas, particularmente de imigrantes da América do Sul e do Caribe. Para os imigrantes peruanos, bolivianos e paraguaios, a prática de futebol representa uma apropriação do espaço urbano para reuniões esportivas, culturais e sociais. No contexto de torneios e times expressa-se e manifesta-se a origem da mesma nação, região e localidade. Ao mesmo tempo, o futebol amador cumpre uma função integradora para os imigrantes. Desde o final dos anos 1990, há campeonatos de futebol amador de times femininos de migrantes em São Paulo. Esta pesquisa concentra-se nas estratégias transculturais e de gênero de apropriação do espaço no contexto do futebol amador feminino de imigrantes latino-americanos em São Paulo. Palavras chave: Migração Sul-Americana, mulheres, São Paulo, futebol amador, espaços de pertencimento Introduction Bom Retiro, São Paulo It is Sunday afternoon around 4 p.m. From the outside, the soccer club looks unassuming in a small street in Bom Retiro, in the center of São Paulo. Walls and a metal gate block the view of the interior of the club. However, as we enter, the scenario changes. In front of us a clubhouse and a snack bar come into sight.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivian Immigrants in São Paulo: a Sociolinguistic Study of Language Contact in the City
    BOLIVIAN IMMIGRANTS IN SÃO PAULO: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF LANGUAGE CONTACT IN THE CITY “Se você não aprender falar direitinho você não vai se dar bem com São Paulo. Agora se você falar bem você se dá bem com São Paulo.” DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften Freie Universität Berlin Vorgelegt von Stephanie Niehoff Berlin, 2011 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Uli Reich (Freie Universität Berlin) Zweitgutachterin: Profa. Dra. Verena Kewitz (Universidade de São Paulo) Tag der Disputation: 20. Januar 2012 This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Dorle and Harald Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who supported me with conducting and writing this research project. My special thanks go to: My Bolivian interview partners in São Paulo, for sharing their life stories with me. The Paulistanos who participated in the quantitative study, for giving me their honest opinions. My friends from Santa Fé, for their input as native speakers, their hospitality and kindness. My colleagues and friends Anne, Gordon, Martin, Silca, Susanne, and Victor, for their strict eyes, helpful commentaries and wise corrections. The Duvidosos of the FFCHL, Universidade de São Paulo, for their instructive objections and open discussions. Michael Thomas, for technical advice and IT-support. Prof. Verena Kewitz, Universidade de São Paulo, for opening my eyes about São Paulo, for sharing her knowledge and linguistic insights, and for her never-ending patience and support. Prof. Uli Reich, Freie Universität Berlin, who introduced me to Linguistics and taught me to listen carefully, for his assistance and guidance and his stimulating enthusiasm about Sociolinguistics and Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California, San Diego
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Health in Black and White: Debates on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in Brazil A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Anna Pagano Committee in Charge: Professor James Holston, Chair Professor Nancy Postero, Co-Chair Professor Thomas Csordas Professor Gerald Doppelt Professor Ivan Evans 2011 The Dissertation of Anna Pagano is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair _______________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page .................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection Among Bolivian Immigrants in the City of São Paulo, Brazil
    70 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 112(1): 70-74, January 2017 Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil Expedito JA Luna1/+, Celia R Furucho2, Rubens A Silva3, Dalva M Wanderley3, Noemia B Carvalho2, Camila G Satolo4, Ruth M Leite5, Cassio Silveira6, Lia MB Silva2, Fernando M Aith7, Nivaldo Carneiro Jr6, Maria A Shikanai-Yasuda8 1Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 3Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Centro de Saúde Escola Prof Alexandre Vranjac, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 5Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 6Faculdade de Ciências Medicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Social, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 7Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 8Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil With the urbanisation of the population in developing countries and the process of globalisation, Chagas has become an emerging disease in the urban areas of endemic and non-endemic countries. In 2006, it was estimated that the prevalence of Chagas disease among the general Bolivian population was 6.8%. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Bolivian immigrants living in São Paulo, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Collateral Damage 2007
    COLLATERAL DAMAGE The Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights around the World Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women 2007 COLLATERAL DAMAGE The Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights around the World © 2007 Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW) ISBN 978-974-8371-92-4 Cover Design by GAATW International Secretariat Printed at Amarin Printing & Publishing Public Company Limited, Thailand Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women P.O. Box 36 Bangkok Noi Post Office Bangkok 10700 Thailand Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.gaatw.org CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface ...................................................................................................................... vii Dr Jyoti Sanghera Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Mike Dottridge Australia ....................................................................................................................28 Elaine Pearson Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) ..................................................................................61 Barbara Limanowska Brazil .........................................................................................................................87 Frans Nederstigt and Luciana Campello R. Almeida India ........................................................................................................................ 114 Ratna Kapur Nigeria ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 SLAS Annual Conference 22-23 March 2018 University of Southampton, Winchester Campus
    2018 SLAS Annual Conference 22-23 March 2018 University of Southampton, Winchester Campus PAPER ABSTRACTS Acosta, Diego Citizenship in Latin America from a Comparative Historical Perspective: Current Evolution and Spanish Influences in Its Origin This paper offers a long-term glance at the evolution of citizenship in Latin America, tracing the Spanish influences on legal frameworks in the new continent and the evolution of norms. This study compares the legal regulation of citizenship in ten countries in South America (all except Guyana and Suriname) and Mexico. It explains the influence the 1812 Spanish Constitution had in the construction of the figures of the national and the foreigner. It also elaborates on current debates and legislation update on issues such as dual citizenship, discrimination between naturalized citizens and those being nationals by birth, and the conditions to obtain (and eventually lose) citizenship, highlighting the peculiar understanding of the ius soli principle in most countries. Albaladejo García, Nadia Mattering maps: Intercultural Spaces for/of Co-Creation in Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington's El santo cuerpo grasoso Hay artistas que se consagran tan sólo por un aspecto concreto - y no necesariamente más importante - de su producción global’ (Castells, 1997: 11) Castells’ opening words in her book which compiles some of Remedios Varo’s writings, speak of the shadow her paintings have cast over her other artistic productions. Remedios Varo, born in Catalonia, arrived in Mexico in 1941 as an exile fleeing the Spanish civil war who was welcomed to the country under Cardenas' policy towards refugees at the time, in particular Spanish Republicans after the Spanish Civil War.
    [Show full text]