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How the Disciples Began and Grew, a Short History of the Christian

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How the Disciples Began and Grew, a Short History of the Christian J/ CopyrightN?. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. ' PHILLIPS BIBLE INSTITUTE SERIES of Efficiency Text-books for Bible Schools and Churches How the Disciples Began and Grew A Short History of the Christian Church By M. M. DAVIS, A.M. Minister Ross Avenue Christian Church, Dallas, Texas. ' Author of "Change of Heart ;" ' 'Queen Esther; ' ' 'Elijah ;" 'First Principles ;" "The Elder- ship;" "The Restoration Movement of ' the Nineteenth Century, ' and "How to he Saved." Cincinnati The Standard Publishing Company Copyright, 1915, by The Standard Publishing Company tf , orT -8 1915 ©C1.A411859 (A I 7o ^4// Who Believe that the Church of the Apostolic Age Is the Model for the Church of All Succeeding Ages, and Are Laboring to That End, This Volume is Dedicated by the Author CONTENTS PAGE A Foreword 9 I. CAUSES OF THE MOVEMENT. Widespread Working of the Leaven 11 II. EARLY HISTORY OF THE CAMPBELLS. Brief View of Thomas Campbell—Early Life of Alexander Campbell—Why Thomas Campbell Came to America—Shipwreck of Alexander Campbell—In Glas- gow University—Preview of Alexander Campbell—Land- ing of Thomas Campbell in America—First Experiences —Independent Work—Declaration and Address—Re- union of Father and Son 29 III. DECLARATION AND ADDRESS. The Declaration—The Address—The Appendix—The Two Phases of the Movement SI IV. PREPARATORY WORK. Alexander Campbell's First Sermon—Trouble with Pittsburgh Synod—Change of Leaders—Brush Run Church—Points of Progress—Marriage of Alexander Campbell—Settling the Baptismal Question—Other Points of Progress—Why Alexander Campbell Was Not a Party Man 65 5 — 6 CONTENTS V. PAGE INTO AND OUT OF THE BAPTIST CHURCH. Into the Baptist Church—Debates with Walker and McCalla—Sermon on the Law—The Christian Baptist— "Bethany"—Things Specially Opposed by Mr. Campbell —Millennial Harbinger—Great Growth—Walter Scott Mr. Campbell Warning His Enemies—Out of the Bap- tist Church 83 VI. THE STONE MOVEMENT. Early Life of Barton W. Stone—Religious Experi- ence—Wonderful Revivals—Withdraws from Presby- terianism—First Church After New Testament Model First Meeting of Stone and Campbell—Union of the Two Peoples—Differences Between Them—Garrison's Illus- tration—Why the Stone Movement Is Considered a Tributary and Not the Main Stream—Power of Love.. 105 VII. THE WORK BROADENING AND DEEP- ENING. Theory of Union Tested—Aylett Raines—Campbell, Stone and Errett on Faith and Opinion—Causes of Gospel Success—Mr. Campbell's Visit to the Old World. 125 VIII. THREE GREAT DEBATES Controversy Unavoidable—Debates with Owen, Pur- cell and Rice 145 IX. EDUCATIONAL. Why Educational Interests Were Delayed—Bethany College—Distinguished Graduates—Transylvania Univer- — CONTENTS 7 PAGE s jty_The Bible College—Other Colleges—School of Mis- sions—Phillips Bible Institute—Southern Christian Insti- tute—Summary 161 X. MISSIONARY. Why Missions Were Delayed—Early Discussions on the Subject—American Christian Missionary Society Christian Woman's Board of Missions—Foreign Chris- tian Missionary Society—National Benevolent Associa- tion—Church Extension—Ministerial Relief—England Canada—Australia—Japan—France 177 XL FOUR GREAT LIEUTENANTS. — Walter Scott "Raccoon" John Smith—Isaac Errett John W. McGarvey 199 XII. RETROSPECT, PROSPECT, DANGERS AND DUTIES. Remarkable Growth—The Cause of It—Twelve Points Emphasized—The Nineteenth Century—An Impressive Picture—Four Dangers—Five Duties—Military Picture of Our Place and Duty 227 A FOREWORD This volume is in the main a condensation of the author's larger work, "The Restoration Movement of the Nineteenth Century/' and its aim is to meet the wants of that large class of readers in this busy age who have persuaded themselves that they have not the time to read anything but a condensed story. It claims not to be elaborate or exhaustive, but repre- sentative and reliable. It would bring out such fea- tures of our history as will give one a good under- standing of the most remarkable religious movement since New Testament times. But it is hoped that all who can do so, will also read the larger book on which this one is based. Each chapter is followed by a number of review questions which will help to rivet the principal thoughts in the mind of the reader. Be sure to study these questions; and if you find that you can not readily answer them, it is evidence that you should reread the chapter. The author believes that in all our schools and homes more time should be given to the study of our history. It is not sufficient to acquaint the stu- dent with church history as a whole, but he should become familiar with our own individual history, which is more interesting than a novel, and more thrilling than romance. He would be a poor Ameri- 9 10 A FOREWORD can who knew of this favored land only through the world historian. He needs some reliable volume, local in its nature. Praying the blessings of the Father on this modest but earnest attempt to do good, we commit it to our readers in the hope that it will not only increase light, but that it will make each one of them purer and stronger for the conflicts of life. I. CAUSES OF THE MOVEMENT 11 OUTLINE—CHAPTER I. Fundamental Causes. a. The Renaissance. b. The Divided Church. c. A Warring Church. d. Beclouded Theology. e. Arrogant Clergy. /. Human Creeds. g. Rank Infidelity. The Leaven at Work. a. In the Old World. b. In the New World. c. Old Churches. 1% I. Causes of the Movement. To understand any great movement among men we must know the cause or causes which produced it. This is not a world of chance. Every effect has its cause. To understand the French Revolu- tion we must go back of that bloody conflict for a starting-point. We must know that the people for generations had writhed and groaned under the heavy heel of Bourbon rule, and when this could be endured no longer they rose in their wrath and struck for liberty. The same is true of the American Revolution. The throwing of a few pounds of tea overboard in Boston harbor was not its cause, but its dramatic manifestation. A brave people, loyal and long-suffering, had at last reached the limit of oppression, and this was their way of telling the world about it. Even so, if we would understand the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century, or read aright the History of the Disciples, we must go back into the past and study its Some of these were: a. The i. Fundamental Renaissance, the movement of Cs.uscs transition in Europe from the medieval to the modern world, especially in the re- vival of the classical arts and letters. Its earliest 13 14 HOW THE DISCIPLES traces are found in Italy in the fourteenth century. A hundred years later it was greatly stimulated by bring- ing into Italy the ancient literature of Greece. The Italian Renaissance reached its zenith about the first of the sixteenth century, as seen in the works of such men as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael. It soon invaded Germany and England, and filled the land with light and inspiration. The students of science, philosophy and religion began to seek for the sources of things. The Bible, long a chained book by order of the Pope, was liberated, and its contents were eagerly and earnestly investi- gated. The darkness of superstitious reverence was blown awT ay from it, and the light of scientific study was substituted. It became a new book, not only fanning the flames of religious fervor, but also stimulating patriotism, and the highest life in the individual, in the home and in the nation. Two fundamental principles, invaluable to the religious life, were enunciated. The first was the right of private judgment. Every man had the right to read the Bible for himself and interpret it according to his own understanding. The sec- ond was that when the Book was thus studied, it would produce union among Christians as it did in the beginning. Perhaps no two notes were sounded oftener and stronger by the Campbells and their colaborers than these. Christianity, they contended, was a child of light. It did not sneak into the world during some dark night and by some obscure way, but it came in the broad daylight and in the most BEGAN AND GREW 15 public manner. Paul, in his great speech before Agrippa, said, "This thing was not done in a corner" (Acts 26:26). Their motto, therefore, was, "Turn on the light." b. The Divided Church. A second cause was the divided Church. In the light of the Book these men saw this to be unnecessary, unreasonable, indefensible, unscriptural and sinful. They heard their Lord praying for the oneness of his Church (John- 17: 11-23) : "Holy Father, keep through thy own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are." This language was too plain to be misunderstood. Nothing short of the oneness between the Father and Son—a unity absolutely harmonious and helpful—would answer this prayer. They also heard him connect the sal- vation of the world with this, saying: "That they may be one in us, that the world may believe that thou hast sent me." If there was not another word in the New Testament condemning division, this prayer would be sufficient; but they found more. They heard their Master speak of other sheep that must be brought: "That there shall be one fold and one shepherd" (John 10:16). They heard Paul (1 Cor. 1 : 10) pleading "that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you." They heard him (1 Cor.
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