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Exercise 3 Due Thursday Oct. 26 Complexity of Cultural Areas GEOG 247 Cultural Geography Cultural Interaction. Throughout history (including the present), there have been contact between and also clashes within cultural groups. (a) Select any two of the time periods from the list. The Geographies (b) Discuss geographically in appropriate detail one major “cultural of interaction” that occurred. (Diffusion and adaptation may be linked to the theme.) (c) Include local evidence of original culture groups, presence and Race and Ethnicity influence of the outside groups that occupied the area in the past, and Part 2 any present-day characteristics that support the arrival of new cultural influences. (d) Include appropriate maps and illustrations. Prof. Anthony Grande Lecture design, content and Hunter College‐CUNY presentation ©AFG 1017. (e) Include a bibliography. Individual images and ©AFG 2017 illustrations may be subject to prior copyright.
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Studying Ethnicity Local Ethnic Regions Geographically Ethnic geography is the study of the spatial Ethnic Neighborhood aspects of ethnicity. A voluntary urban community where people of like-origin reside by choice. Cultural geographers: Note the Ghetto connotation Identify ethnic regions An area of a city where an ethnic group difference Look into ethnic diffusion and interaction lives either by choice, lack of a better between the “ghetto” Delve into the relationship between people and opportunity, or mandate. definition their environment (ecology) Ethnoburb and the and An area outside of a city (suburban ethnic other two. Differentiate ethnic landscapes. neighborhood) that becomes home to an immigrant population; usually wealthier immigrants.
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Different groups are clustered in Chicago’s Ethnic different areas of the city. Why? Los Angeles Chinatown Neighborhoods
Present-day ethnic urban region with an ethnic landscape.
. What accounts for the different shapes of the ethnic neighborhoods? . Why are some areas “penetrated” or “split” by another group? . Do neighborhoods change over time? 5 6
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Ethnoburb Jewish Venetian Ghetto th Alhambra, CA 16 Century (W of Los Angeles)
Note the word “nuovo” on the map, an indication of ghetto expansion.
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Cultural Diffusion and Ethnicity Cultural Diffusion and Ethnicity
Migration: the large scale movement of people between Ethnic Cleansing Return Migration different regions. Most migration of ethnic groups falls under the definition of relocation migration. Leads to cultural interaction. The removal of an unwant- Ethnic diffusion that ed minority population from involves the voluntary Chain Migration a nation-state through movement of a group The tendency of people to migrate over a period harassment, mass killing, of migrants back to its of time from specific source areas to specific destinations. (Dominicans and Upper Manhattan) deportation, or imprison- ancestral or native ment. (Jews in Nazi Germany; country or homeland. Involuntary (forced) Migration Rwandan genocide; Rohingya (African-American return to The forced displacement of a population, whether crisis in Myanmar) areas in the South) by government policy, warfare, or other violence, ethnic cleansing, disease, natural disaster or en- slavement. (Darfur region of the Sudan; fleeing warfare in Syria; New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina)
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Pattern of African- American Migration Cultural Diffusion and Ethnicity in the U.S. Cultural simplification Now there is a return migration to The process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose the South. aspects of their traditional culture in the process of settling in a different area, creating a new culture that is less complex than the old. But languages and dialects, traditional food flavorings, and modernized religious services offer good examples of the preservation of the archaic.
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Caucasus Ethnic Ecology Ethnic Ecology
Cultural Pre-adaptation Cultural Mal-adaptation Diversity within a The adaptive traits and Poor or inadequate adap- small area because skills possessed by a group tation that occurs when a of rugged physical in advance of migration, group pursues an adap- geography (isolated tive strategy that fails to regions). Remember the giving the group survival languages map ability and competitive provide the necessities of of this region! advantage in occupying life or destroys the envir- the new environment. onment that nourishes it. . Scandinavians in Wisconsin . Tried to plant homeland crops in new environment . Cubans in South Florida (Bantu in southern Africa) . Used improper techniques (British in tropical Africa)
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People developed Cultural Ecology: techniques to deal with water and Ethnic Cultural Interaction Hillside Farming in Asia steep slopes. Ethnicity interacts with: . Religion: religion tenets and belief systems will influence how people will relate to others . Health: attributes affecting health as diet, seeking medical attention, vaccinations, smoking, personal hygiene, body mutilations, etc. vary with culture . Business activity: how business is done; the way items are bought and sold: post prices/barter for best deal
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Ethnic Cultural Interaction Religion and Neighborhood Businesses Ethnicity interacts with Immigrant groups bring their types of employment: trades to a new location and . Transference: certain groups engage in skill-based have excelled in employment activities (brick layers/house /labor niches; can be eco- painters/gardeners, etc.). logy-related or a history of Stereotypes may then working with a skill set. develop: Korean grocers, . Opposite occurs when groups Chinese launderers, Italian whose skill sets cannot be cooks, Kenyan long-distance utilized in new location are runners, Irish police officers, Influence of Dutch employed in low wage and Jewish merchants, Dominican Reformed Church menial jobs (licensed profession- baseball players, Native Ameri- prevents stores from als, farmers, teachers). can construction workers, opening on Sundays German brewers. even if permitted by law.
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Spices of India Ethnic Ethnic Landscapes: Cuisine Landscapes Culinary Landscape: “Tell me what you eat and I’ll tell you Ethnic flag: A readily who you are.” “Food is a sensitive indicator of identity .” visible marker of ethnicity CUISINE: style or method of cooking, esp. as character- on the landscape. istic of a particular country, region, or establishment. Characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques, traditions and dishes (combinations and presentation) usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Hearth cuisine was influenced by availability of local ingredients and traditions. Religious food laws (e.g., Hindu/Islamic/Jewish) can have a strong influence on the dishes and their preparation. Food presentation and eating methods (including http://www1.cuny.edu/portal_ur/content utensils, bread-products, hands) are part of this. /nationofimmigrants/gallery.php 19 20
Ethnic Landscapes: Cuisine Food Associations http://www.food-links.com/ Cuisine can be an indication of a dominant Popular TOP 10 group or the local influence of tasty food Chinese Mexican TOP 20 provided by an enterprising person. Italian Mexican Japanese Italian http://blogs.voanews.com/all-about-america/2015/05/18/top-10- Greek Indian most-popular-ethnic-cuisines-in-us/ French Cajun Thai Soul/BBQ http://www.herinterest.com/types-of-cuisine/ : top 20 presentation Spanish Thai Indian Greek Mediterranean Chinese – What’s the next big thing in ethnic food? Lebanese Japanese Moroccan, Korean, Southeast Asian, Cuban, American Moroccan Vietnamese, and Peruvian foods are growing Mediterranean French in popularity. Spanish German Korean Vietnamese Turkish Caribbean
https://www.google.com/search?q=insect+recipes+with+pictures&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa 21 =X&ved=0ahUKEwjv4qDru4LXAhVH0YMKHfLADRcQ_AUICigB&biw=1470&bih=708#imgrc=_ 22
Preferred Food Types by State Ethnic Landscapes: How can you tell? Where is it? The map below does not show the most popular cuisine in each state, but rather which food outperforms others in the state as compar- ed to the national average.
http://www.businessinsider.com/the-best-thing-to-eat-in-every-us-state-2015- 10/#colorado-feast-on-some-light-crispy-and-protein-rich-rocky-mountain- oysters-also-known-as-prairie-oysters--aka-fried-bull-calf-testicles-6 23 24
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Ethnic Landscapes: Engineering Great Engineers or Alien Culture?
How else!
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Urban Ethnic Landscapes: Who Greek Area in Astoria, Queens Lives
What are the hints? Here?
Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov
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Urban Ethnic Landscapes: Religious Ethnic San Diego Mural Landscape Symbols
Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov 29 30
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